PUBLIC PERCEPTION IN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CURFEW HOURS IN PEACE

AND ORDER IN POBLACION LINGAYEN, PANGASINAN

A Thesis

Presented to the Faculty of

College of Criminal Justice Education

Pangasinan State University

Binmaley Campus

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirement for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Dres, Twinkle Mae

Gonzales, Lyka Mae
Jovellanos, CJ
Pagud, Anthony
Pimentel, Mary Ann
Saure, Cherry Ann B.
January 2022
 CHAPTER I

RATIONALE

We all want to feel “being safe”, free from the occurrence

or risk of injury, danger, or loss. As we can observe, the

government is implementing rules ang regulations to follow to

maximize the security of its people and to prevent them from harm

and threat.

Nowadays, curfew is something that people had to deal with.

Curfews is a regulation that restrict or limits the public of

going out within specific times at night, or in some

circumstances, order companies to close their operation, by rule,

at a given time.

Curfew hours limit the presence of people on the streets who

are not engaged in important activities during specific hours on

a regular basis. Most countries have implemented this approach in

order to reduce the risk of crime, violence, and other

troublesome behaviors. the President issued Proclamation No. 922,

formally declaring a public health emergency, and authorizing

Local Government Units (LGUs) to employ their Local Disaster Risk

Reduction Management Agency. Furthermore, it is stipulated on the

Executive Order No. 95 series of 2020 "Prescribing General

Guidelines for the country while it is under Modified General

Community Quarantine", whereas a general curfew from 9 o’clock in

the evening until 4 o’clock in the morning shall take effect in

the entire country except for those who work in the medical field

and other people who are authorized to go out in public. Curfew

hour is a tactic for keeping delinquents off the streets that is

both easy and successful. Furthermore, the concept of curfew,

particularly for kids, has spawned an initiative for parents to

strictly discipline their children to stay at home during the

hours of restriction. During the last few decades, most local

regions, if not the entire archipelago, have realized the need

for imposing curfew times. Curfew hour is a tactic for keeping

delinquents off the streets that is both easy and successful.

Furthermore, the concept of curfew, particularly for kids, has

spawned an initiative for parents to discipline their children to

stay at home during the hours of restriction.

To protect its citizenry, the government must set rules and

regulations, as well as enforce and carry out the law. People

should understand that the government has the power to impose

rules, regulation, and laws that all Filipino citizen benefits

from.

Every human being deserves peace and order in their lives

(Kimanuka, 2018). It is a normal state in which everyone finds

themselves aspires to bring peace and order to the world.

According to the Socioeconomic Report of the National Economic

and Development Authority.

Stability, security, and public order are the most important

aspects in laying the basis for sustainable development, a highly

trusted and resilient society, and a globally competitive

information economy, according to (2017). To be honest, it is

critical for stakeholders to maintain the benefits of

implementing peace and order regulations at their locations in

order to encourage more enterprises to do business in the area

and accomplish the expected vigorous economic growth in the

future (Ocden, 2018).

In the Philippines, Philippine National Police officials

says that in imposing the curfew for minors across the country as

well as penalizing parents and guardian of the violators,

this would become strong deterrent against crime involving minors

and juvenile delinquents (Dalizon, 2017).

Police authorities also highlighted that an increased number

of minors and juvenile delinquents accosted for involvement in

varied felonies include illegal drug trafficking and abuse,

robbery-holdup, snatching, theft, homicide and gang wars. In Las

Piñas City, the police and the barangay officials were ordered by

the mayor to fully implement the ordinance on the curfew of

minors (Tabor, 2017). This action was to ensure that the minors
were really protected by the state against possible forms of

violence and to promote social order.

Mohammend and Caingat (2017) concluded that teenage boys

usually defied the curfew law due to late night alcohol drinking

sessions. While, Domingo (2016) reported that in Davao City,

where a curfew ordinance is in force, police officers and

barangay officers patrol the city, ' rescue ' children, and carry

them to the care of the Children's Concerns Office of the Quick

Response Team.

However, in the City of Baguio, its curfew ordinance that

bans minors in public places between 7:00 PM in the evening until

in 5:00 AM in the morning was amended: 9:00 PM in the evening

until 4:00 AM in the morning. This amendment was made in

addressing the need of minors to conduct research in internet

cafes for schoolwork (Sembrano, 2017).

Similar action was taken by Dagupan City in implementing its

longstanding ordinance that imposes curfew for minors to ensure

safety at all times (Manahan, 2016).

Peace and order are important in the community, and the

government is in charge of coordinating and managing programs and

projects related to peace and order. It is also their role to

design methods, such as measures, to promote or strengthen public

safety and peace in their respective jurisdictions.

 The researchers will never be able to stop or slow down the

rate of crime. It's never simple to address these types of

issues, especially when offenders are heavily intoxicated and

appear to be everywhere. Because of the present crimes in the

community, particularly in the barangay, the researchers are

interested in learning about the effectiveness of implementing

curfew in maintaining Peace and Order of in Población, Lingayen,

Pangasinan, the programs that the Barangay officials have provide

in supporting the implementation of curfew in their barangay, and

their actions in maintaining peace and order in their community,

such as enforcing curfew hours.

The purpose of this study is to find how effective curfew is

in implementing peace and order in Población Lingayen,

Pangasinan. The researchers conducted this research to find the

different ways of how the Barangay officials and the citizen

living in the said barangay implement curfew to have a peaceful

and orderly barangay.

The Población Lingayen Pangasinan has a very large

population and because of its tourist attraction many people come

from different places ought to visit the said tourist spot during

at night, and because the public market is also located at the

said barangay, they implemented curfew hours to monitor the

increasing crime rate that can happen during at nighttime. The

researchers wanted to know how well and effective curfew

regulations for peace and order is implemented; as we’ve

conducted surveys in Población Lingayen, Pangasinan.

According to Reckless, a person’s behavior depends on what

he or she wants most of the time. A person must follow rules and

norms which the inner and outer controls discourages him or her

from untypical instances. If he or she does not comply, a

punishment is further given. Curfew laws aim to reduce criminal

acts as well as victimization which can also be said as a general

deterrence strategy.  Walter Reckless (David et al 2016).

The information gathered from the barangay Población in

Lingayen, almost all of those who got arrested between 2017 and

2019, were youths for violating the ordinance of curfew hours.

Ultimately, of course, the decision needs to be that of the

parent. The negotiation of a curfew discretion needs to be

considered by parents too where the child is perhaps

participating in something out of the ordinary. There needs to be

a degree of give and take around curfew times (Pretorius, 2019).

For every violation of the law there is an attached penalty based

on the information obtained from barangay Población, residents

who commit violations will be subject to fines ranging from

100.00 to 500.00 and community service. Minors were arrested

going from Binmaley, Pangasinan to Alvear St. Lingayen,

Pangasinan on November 18, 2021, at 2:23 AM, when the epidemic

had already arrived in our province the information gathered from

barangay Lingayen practically all of those arrested for breaching

the rule were minors.

According to data provided by the Lingayen Police Station,

many crimes occurred in 2019. There are nine in the category of

alarm and scandal, one in the category of murder, two in the

category of robbery, nine in the category of theft, fifteen in

the category of bodily injury, and two in the category of rape.

Conceptual Framework

Curfew regulations are broad based deterrents aimed at

minimizing criminal activity and victimization among the general

population. According to the information obtained proved that in

the implementation of the ordinance regarding curfew hours,

contributes to the coercion of crime and other violations.

Research Paradigm

Input Process Output

1. Demographi
c Profile Effectiveness of
in terms curfew hour in
of: peace and order in
Descriptive Poblacion Lingayen,
-Name
-Age Method or Pangasinan
-Sex Research using:
 Peaceful place
2. What are the  Questionnaires  Prevention of
effectiveness quarrels
of curfew hour  Reduce crime
in peace and rate
order in
 Keep citizens
Lingayen,
home during
Pangasinan?
late in the
- Barangay evening and
Poblacion early in the
morning
 Figure 1.0 Research paradigm

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study would determine the effectiveness of curfew hour

in Barangay Población Lingayen, Pangasinan in the peace and

order.

Notably, this study aims to answer the following questions;

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Name

b. Sex

c. Age

2. What is the level of effectiveness in terms of the

implementation of curfew hour in peace and order in terms of:

a. Crime prevention

b. Safety and security

3. What is the propose measure to increase the effectiveness of

curfew hour?

ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY

In conducting the study of Public Perception In The

Effectiveness of Curfew Hours In Peace and Order in Población

Lingayen Pangasinan the following assumptions were made. It was

assumed that:

1. The study is based on the assumption that respondents will

answer the questionnaires honestly and objectively. The data

will be used by the researcher to analyse the efficiency of

curfew hours in Barangay Población Lingayen, Pangasinan, for

the sake of maintaining peace and order.

2. A researcher's purpose is to avoid biases throughout the study

process while also attempting to manage the research design

for credibility, reliability, and validity.

3. The survey or interview questions shall be answered honestly

and candidly by the participants

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

This study was confined within the premises of Pangasinan

State University. The study sought to know the effectiveness of

curfew hours in the peace and order in Población, Lingayen,

Pangasinan. four hundred (400) respondents are chosen including

fifty (50) vendors/ employees of different shops, fifty (50)

drivers public transportation and (300) residents of this

Barangay Población. Those respondents are chosen to gather

reliable data if the curfew hour in this Barangay is effective or

not. This study was not covered the senior citizens and PNP as

our respondents because they don’t always observe the people who

are violating curfew hour in Barangay Población, Lingayen,

Pangasinan. This study was started on October 2021, and it will

end on year 2022. This study focuses only on how effective the

implementation of the curfew in peace and order in Barangay

Poblacion, Lingayen, Pangasinan. And this does not include the

disadvantages of implementing the curfew because based on the

word effectiveness the researchers mostly focuses on positive.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study can help to determine the effectiveness of curfew

hour in Barangay Poblacion Lingayen, Pangasinan in the peace and

order.

To the Barangay Officials: This study helps Barangay Officials in

order to have an additional knowledge on how curfew becomes

effective in implementing in their respective Barangay, because

they are the one who have a power to implement curfew hour.

To the constituents of Barangay Poblacion: To have an additional

knowledge about the importance of curfew hour.

To the Society: They will become aware how curfew is being

effective in their respective Barangay.

To the Parents: To know what their role as a parent when their

son or daughter are violated curfew hour. They have

responsibility to them.

To the Future Researchers: This study will serve as a guide for

future researchers, in conducting studies about curfew for peace

and order.

Philippine National Police (PNP): To have an additional knowledge

how curfew hour is being more effective in Philippines and have

an idea what punishment will be given to the violators

Municipality of Lingayen: The result of this study would benefit

the Municipality of Lingayen specifically its officials and

employees in a manner of implementing curfew hour.

Province of Pangasinan: To handle the Provinces well and give

them more ideas how curfew hours being effective.

Youth: To fully aware what is the importance of curfew hours and

it will give additional knowledge how they will become safe

especially during night time.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Crime - is an illegal act or wicked deeds for which someone can

be punished by law. It is also an activity involves foolish or

wrong doings that opposed the law and break peace and order of

the society, people or against the country.

Curfew- a law that requires people to stay indoors between

certain hours, usually at night.

Effectiveness- ability to produce a desired result or output is

referred to it as effectiveness.

Juvenile – refers to young people that are usually teenagers or

minor.

Law enforcer- person assigned in enforcement or enforcement is

the generic name for the activities of the agencies responsible

for maintaining public order and enforcing the law, particularly

the activities of prevention, detection, investigation and

apprehension.

Peace and order- occurrence of harmony distinguished by the

absence of violence, conflict behaviors, and the absence of fear

of violence.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

As years pass by there a lot of research which show the

effectiveness of curfew in different countries. In some books,

articles, internet and journals, we can read various information

about curfew.

CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE

Curfew regulations are broad based deterrents aimed at

minimizing criminal activity and victimization among the general

population. According to the information obtained proved that in

the implementation of the ordinance regarding curfew hours,

contributes to the coercion of crime and other violations. The

basis of the research will be explained using theories in this

study. It will serve as proof of the curfew's deterrent effects

in the community, which is a main goal of the study. According to

the study's primary variables, the following theory was

developed. According to Galabin (2018), Studies of curfews

conducted by municipalities may have severe methodological flaws

(as opponents of curfew may argue quickly), which does not

necessarily prove that these ordinances do not work. Wilson et

al. (2016) further concluded that curfews on youth are

unsuccessful at reducing crime or victimization.

RESEARCH LITERATURE

According to Hoffard (2018), a curfew, an order specifying a

time during which certain regulations apply, is required to

maintain peace and order situation of a certain community, lessen

victimization and criminality as most of the subject person’s

under curfew hours must return to and stay in their homes. Such

an order may be issued by the public authorities but also by the

head of a household to those living in the household in order as

to stay out of trouble, better administration of time, minimal

sleep deprivation, and increased focus in school.

Curfew Ordinance in the Philippines

It is an act imposing curfew hour from ten in the evening

(10:00 pm) to five in the morning (5:00 am) for persons below

eighteen (18) years of age and prescribing penalties for

violations thereof. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of

Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

Section 1. Imposition of Curfew Hours; Covered Persons -

There is hereby imposed curfew hours from ten o'clock in the

evening (10:00 pm) to five o'clock in the morning (5:00 am) for

persons below eighteen (18) years 4 of age.

Section 2. Exceptions - During curfew hours, no minors shall be

allowed in the streets, commercial establishments, recreation

centers, malls or any other areas outside the immediate vicinity

of their residence except: a) Those accompanied by their parents,

family members of legal age,

or guardians upon proper verification; b) Those running lawful

errands such as buying of medicines, using of telecommunication

facilities for emergency purposes and the like upon proper

verification; c) Students of night school and those who by virtue

of their employment are required to stay in the streets or

outside their residence after ten o'clock in the evening (1 0:00

pm); Provided, that minors falling under these categories shall

secure a certification from their Punong Barangay exempting them

from the coverage of this Act, or present a document or

identification proving their qualification under such category.

Section 3. Role of the Barangay - The Punong Barangay,

Members of the Barangay Council and the duly designated Barangay

Tanods are hereby authorized to implement the provisions of this

Act.

Section 4. Guidelines in Apprehension - Offenders of this Act

shall be apprehended in accordance with the following guidelines:

The apprehending official or officer shall, without unnecessary

delay, notify the parents or guardians of the offender and

release the offender in recognizance to said parents or guardian

with the understanding that the offender shall be submitted to

the Punong Barangay for the corresponding penalty under Section 5

of this Act; In cases where the offender is not a resident of the

Barangay where the apprehension was made, during the

determination of the identities and residence of the offender's

parents or guardian for purposes of their information and release

of the offender to their custody, the offender shall be held in

the holding facility of the Barangay where the apprehension was

made for not more than twenty-four (24) hours, and thereafter if

the release of the offender to his/her parents' or guardian's

custody cannot be reasonably accomplished, the Punong Barangay

concerned shall turn over the offender to the Municipal or City

Social Welfare Office concerned for proper disposition; For an

offender who is homeless, abandoned, neglected or have no known

parents, relatives or guardians, the apprehending official or

officer shall refer the offender to the custody of the Municipal

or City Social Welfare Office concerned within twenty-four (24)

hours of Apprehension.

Section 5. Penalties – Any offender of this Act shall be

penalized as follows: a) First Offense – Four (4) hours of

Community service consisting of cleaning and sweeping of

Surroundings, among others. B) Second Offense – Twelve (12) Hours

of community service consisting of cleaning and Sweeping of

surroundings, among others, c) Third Offense And Subsequent

Offenses — Forty (40) hours of community Service and loss of

parental authority over the offender by the Parents or guardians

concerned.

Section 6. Suspension of the Provisions of the Act in Special

Cases – The President, through administrative issuances, may

suspend the implementation of this Act nationwide or in specific

areas for a length of time as may be necessary in celebration of

fiestas and special and legal holidays.

Section 7. Role of the Philippine National Police (PNP) – The

Philippine National Police shall provide police support to the

Punong Barangays whenever needed for the enforcement of this Act.

Section 8. Implementing Rules and Regulations. – The Department

of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) and the Department of

Interior and Local Government (DILG), in consultation with the

Philippine National Police (PNP), shall, within ninety (90) days

from the passage of this act, promulgate the rules and

regulations necessary for the effective implementation of this

Act.

Section 9. Separability Clause – If any provision of this Act is

declared unconstitutional or inoperative, the other provisions

not so declared shall remain in force and effect.

Section 10. Repealing Clause. – All laws, decrees, orders, Rules

and regulations or parts thereof inconsistent with the act or the

rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto are hereby

repealed or amended accordingly.

Section 11. Effectivity. – This Act shall take effect fifteen

(15) days after publication in two (2) national newspapers of

general circulation.

According to Anderson (2016), teens tend to stay out of

trouble more because criminal activity or high risk behavior is

more likely to occur later in the evening when parental

supervision is not present. Curfew help teens to become used to

setting a schedule which they routinely follow, and become able

to develop important time management skills which they will carry

out into adulthood. Being able to manage time effectively is

useful in a variety of situations including school, work and

personal relationship Setting curfews also help teens to be able

to get to sleep at a decent time, which leads to subsequent focus

and wakefulness in school, this could ultimately even lead to

better grades.

According to Pretorius (2019), curfew helps to ensure that

people are safe. When a curfew is in place, it might be argued

that it is safer during riskier periods, particularly at night.

Furthermore, anyone who is authorized or forced to go out during

the implementation should avoid going to situations where they

are uncomfortable. This may keep kids from getting involved in an

unwelcome scenario. It also protects people from danger and

harmful behaviors like as drinking alcoholic beverages, using

illegal substances, promiscuity, and violence. We need to use

curfew as a tool in the event that a person is threatened or is

in danger. Obviously, it is critical to ensure that the curfew is

reasonable, controllable, and effective. That it’s appropriate

and correct. It is not intended to be utilized as part of an

autocratic parenting style, but rather as a tool that helps all

family members. Negotiation between a parent and a child

frequently leads to some fascinating dialogues. Negotiating a

curfew will also give the child the feeling that his or her

viewpoint is valued. Of course, the final decision must be made

by the parent. Where the child is perhaps involved in something

out of the ordinary, parents might consider negotiating a “curfew

discretion.” There must be some wiggle room when it comes to

curfew times.

As to the study of Carpio (2020), curfew laws are a popular

but understudied enforcement tool that local police departments

can utilize to fight juvenile misbehavior. The study employed a

descriptive method to describe the present degree of curfew

implementation in Cabanatuan City’s selected barangays. There is

a total of one hundred fifty respondents that majority of them

were the youths/juveniles ages ranges from eleven to seventeen of

different Barangays in Cabanatuan City. As to the level of

implementation of curfew ordinance, it is the consistency which

is missing which is happened to be one of the most essential

thing in the process of implementation. As to the perception of

the youths to the programs given by the Barangay Officials to

those who violate the said curfew ordinance, as to the data

gathered by the researcher, the programs given or offered doesn’t

even work as a deterrence for the youths aren’t afraid of the

potential pain they will be incurring because the Barangay

Officials do not give sanctions to the apprehended violators.

According to Bodenhamer (2016), curfew laws are community-

based attempts to help parents supervise their children. Used

properly, the enforcement of curfew laws is one of the most

dependable, least intrusive methods to identify and help children

from the neglectful and chaotic families that produce most

nations young criminals.

According to the study of Adams (2016, in totality, curfew

appears to have significant effects particularly on the criminal

behavior of youth. It has been suggested that being subject to a

curfew basically reduces the number of violent and property

crimes committed. Moreover it is interesting to note that in

keeping with the perceptions of those subject to curfew policies,

“public opinion shows overwhelming support for curfews reduce

crime and make streets safer.

Chapter III

Methodology

This chapter discusses the research methodology used in the

study. This chapter will cover all aspects concerning the overall

data in the research.

This includes the research design, locale of the study, the

respondents of the study, and the sampling techniques used to

collect the data. It also includes the validated research

instrument given to the respondents, the data collecting

procedure, and the statistical treatment used to determine the

main factor of tardiness.

Research Design

This chapter aims to discuss the kind of research design the

researchers used in this study. The researcher used the

descriptive design, which concerns gathering data from a huge

number of respondents. A descriptive design of research concerns

data gathering from a specific population which is neither

manipulated nor experimented on. It was selected by the

researchers because the study comprises of a huge number of

respondents, and only requires data from the respondents who can

suggest interventions which can further resolve the common issue

of tardiness. Descriptive research involves identification of

attributes of a particular phenomenon based on an observational

basis, or the exploration of correlation between two or more

phenomena (Creswell, 2012).

Locale of the Study

Source: https://www.google.com/maps/@15.705635,120.1777038,9z

Figure 2. Site Map of Barangay Poblacion Lingayen, Pangasinan

The study's research locality is made up of the locations

where the research took place. The Poblacion is a barrio in the

Pangasinan province's municipality of Lingayen. Researchers chose

this Barangay because it has numerous stores and is the most

inhabited neighborhood in Lingayen, Pangasinan, suggesting that

based on the data provided by the Lingayen Police Station, many

crimes have been committed, many of which have occurred at night.

Respondent of the Study

The researchers considered the constituents, employees of

different shops and drivers in Barangay Poblacion Lingayen,

Pangasinan are chosen respondents. The respondents of this study

were a total of 400 (four hundred). It composed of 300 (three

hundred) local residents and 100 (one hundred) different people

employees of different shops and drivers in Poblacion who were

also from there. The respondents of the study are the samples

which were taken from the population of the study. The population

of the study was taken from the Census of year 2020. Were

requested to answer the questionnaire base on their experiences

as a violator and to determine the effectiveness of curfew in

Barangay Poblacion.

SLOVIN FORMULA

N
n=
1+ N ( e)2

Whereas:

n= 400 sample size

N= 12, 855 Population Size

e= 0.05 Margin of Error

12 ,855
n=
1+12 , 855(0.05)2

n= 400

Instrumentation

The tool use in gathering data was the survey

questionnaire. The questionnaire is composed of two parts. The

first part contains the questionnaire on the personal profile of

the respondents including their name, age, sex. While the second

part is on the questions related to level of effectiveness of

curfew in Barangay Poblacion, Lingayen, Pangasina and we use

descriptive scale to answer our questionnaire. In compiling our

questionnaire we based it on our title and statement of the

problem from which we can get information based on the study we

are doing and we also thought that these questions would be

helpful for the problem we found in our study

In selecting respondents, we used judgmental sampling that

the researchers attempt to obtain sample that appears him/her to

be representative of our respondents.

Data Gathering Procedures

At first, we looked for necessary resources that could help

us in this research study, and we got ideas on how our questions

should be constructed. The researchers prepared a questionnaire

that is related to our topic which will be used to gather

information and ideas.

We distribute the questionnaire through face to face and

gave it to the respect respondent in order to have a data and

information for analyzing and tallying.

Statistical Treatment of Data

In representing the findings from the data gathered and from

the detailed examination made, frequency counts, percentage, and

average weighted were used.

The first statistical tool used in evaluating the profile of

the respondents was the frequency and percentage.

QUESTIONNAIRES

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
SAN ISIDRO, BINMALEY, PANGASINAN
S.Y 2021-2022

To our Respondents;
 The researchers created this questionnaire to gather

information regarding “Effectiveness of Curfew in Peace and Order

in Barangay Poblacion Lingayen, Pangasinan”, this is requirements

for our subject Research. Thank you so much for the time you will

take.

Very truly yours;

Researchers

I. PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS

Name( Optional)

Age

o 15-20

o 21-32

o 33-42

o 43-52

o 53-62

o 63-72

o 73- above

Sex

o Male

o Female
Instructions: Kindly rate the indicators under each tool in

accordance with the degree of effectiveness by putting a check

(/) in the options opposite each indicator.

SCALE VALUE DESCRIPTIVE

5 ALWAYS

4 OFTEN

3 NEUTRAL

2 SOMETIMES

1 NEVER

QUESTIONS 5 4 3 2 1

1. Brgy. Officials/ Barangay

Tanod have their own schedule to

monitor the streets during

curfew hours.

2. Brgy.officials/ Barangay

Tanod roam around the streets

when the curfew hour begins.

3. All violators of curfew hours

are given punishment by the

barangay official/ barangay

tanod.

4. All residents are well-

informed by the Brgy. Officials/

Barangay Tanod about the curfew

hours.

5. The residents are not allowed

to do some works during curfew

hours.

6.Establishments such as store,

milk tea shop follow curfew

hours like closing it before the

time.

7. Resident who are outside

their vicinity before the curfew

time are warned by Brgy. Tanod

to enter their house.

8. Computer shops are close even

for non-minorities during

curfew.

9. Videoke/ videoke bars are

turned off/closed during curfew

hours.
10. Most visited places like

parks and food court are being

closed.

REFERENCES
Mohammed, M. P., &Caingat, N. C. (2017). Barangay Justice System

in Barangay Matatalaib, Tarlac City: An Evaluation (No. 2017-03-

21).

Domingo, K. (2016) ‘What happens to curfew violators in Davao

City?” Retrieved from:

http://news.abscbn.com/focus/07/06/16/what-happens-to-curfew-

violatorsindavao-city

Pretorius, C. (2019). The curfew: Why is it important?

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Chapter_1_THE_PROBLEM_AND_ITS_SETTING_Background_of_the_Study