OBJECTIVE : At the end of the lab, students will be able to,determine sample size and defect

tolerance using AQL table.

INTRODUCTION : AQL stands for ‘Acceptable Quality Limit,’ and it’s an essential sampling
method used in quality control. It’s defined in ISO 2859-1 as “The quality level that is the worst
tolerable” over the course of many inspections. AQL is basically defined as the lowest or worst
quality level, or limit, that is acceptable in an order of goods. This is generally measured in quality
defects found, or pieces found with quality defects, in the inspected sample size. And this ratio of
defects found per total sample size helps determine whether the order passes or fails inspection.
The most common AQL standard for the consumer goods industry is ANSI-ASQ Z.14. ANSI-ASQ
Z.14 was developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the American
Society for Quality (ASQ).AQL QC sampling. The ANSI-ASQ Z.14 AQL table will help you
determine, the appropriate sample size you need to inspect, determined by your lot size, the
maximum number of defects you will accept in the order, sometimes known as an “accept point”,
as determined by your defect tolerance, or AQL. Here are three general AQL inspection levels:
“GI”, “GII” and “GIII”. Each indicate sample sizes for a non-destructive inspection.The inspector
generally inspects the entire sample size for quality issues related to performance, function and
visual appearance. Any quality defects found during inspection contribute to the overall “pass” or
“fail” result. You can find GI, GII and GIII sample sizes for your lot size in the AQL table. This first
part of the AQL table helps you determine your AQL inspection level and sample size.

APPARATUS AND REAGENTS

a) Raw materials

b) ANSI / ASQ Z1.4, MIL-STD 105E

PROCEDURE DERIVING SINGLE-SAMPLING PLANS

e) The lot size submitted for inspection is 41, and it is agreed that the AQL should be 4.0%.
The normal inspection level will be adopted.

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SINGLE SAMPLING PLAN UNDER NORMAL INSPECTION :

a) Table Sample Size Code Letters, the size code letter for a lot size of 41 and general
inspection level II is D.

b) Table Single Sampling Plan under normal inspection is n = 8, c = 1, and r = 2

c) Sample size of 41 is to be inspected.

d) If the number of nonconforming units is 1 or less, the lot is accepted.

e) If the number of nonconforming units is more than or equal to 2, the lot is rejected.

SINGLE SAMPLING PLAN UNDER TIGHTENED INSPECTION :

a) Table Sample Size Code Letters, the size code letter for a lot size of 41 and general
inspection level II is D.

b) Table Single Sampling Plan under normal inspection is n = 8, c = 1, and r = 2

c) Sample size of 41 is to be inspected.

d) If the number of nonconforming units is 1 or less, the lot is accepted.

e) If the number of nonconforming units is more than or equal to 2, the lot is rejected.

SINGLE SAMPLING PLAN UNDER REDUCED INSPECTION

a) Table Sample Size Code Letters, the size code letter for a lot size of 41 and general
inspection level II is D.

b) Table Single Sampling Plan under normal inspection is n = 3, c = 0, and r = 2

c) Sample size of 41 is to be inspected.

d) If no nonconforming unit is found, the lot is accepted.

e) If the number of nonconforming units is more than or equal to 2, the lot is rejected.

Type of Inspec- Single Sampling Plan

The single sampling plan for each type of inspection is as follows :

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DISCUSSION

In this experiment, we will develop and use a sampling plan for sample A. A sampling plan can
be developed based on an Acceptable Quality Limit (AQL) coupled with a simple random
sampling technique. One of the most widely used quality control tools is the Acceptance Quality
Limit (AQL) sampling plan . In the context of food manufacturing, it can be used to make sure that
the quality oft he incoming raw materials satisfy certain requirements before they are used for the
foodproduction. The plan can also be used to assess the quality of semi-finished food products,to
see if the products are acceptable or not before they are passed to the next productionstage.

Based on the diagram above to find the defects of the sample is to use the table that has been
set according to the table STD MIL 105D, by using this method we will be easy to detect and find
the defects that occur in the sample. In addition, to know the AQL table, you must know three
parameters, the first of which is 'Lot size', if you order different products, consider each product
as a separate lot. (The quantity of each product is the lot size). If you order only one product, the
lot size is the total quantity of the group. The second is, level of inspection, different inspection
levels will direct different numbers of samples to be inspected. In this article, we will stick to the
so -called “level II” under “normal severity” and to a single sampling plan. And the lastly is the
AQL Limit, AQL limits that are appropriate for your market. If your customers receive very few
defects, you may want to set a lower AQL for both large and small defects.

The next is advantage and disadvantage for AQL sampling is first, the same OC curve can be
obtained with a sample size than would be required by an attributes sampling plan. For the
disadvantage is distribution of OC curve must be known. Second, advantage for AQL sampling is
measurement data usally provide mpre information about manufacturing process than attributes
data. For disadvantages is most standard plan assumes distribution of quality characteristic is
normal. And the lastly for the advangtages AQL is when acceptable quality limitas are very small,
sample sizes required by attibutes sampling plans are very large. While, for disadvantages is a
separate sampling plan must be employed for each quality characteristic that is being inspected.

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CONCLUSION

At the end of the lab, students will be able to,determine sample size and defect tolerance using
AQL table. Next student can determine the sample through examination referring to the master
table for regular examination, the master table for tightening and lastly the master table for
diminishing examination. The sampling was important since it is nearly impossible to examine the
entire sample. Analysts would discuss some of the reasons why quality evaluation. By using AQL
sampling for product inspection, importers can set clear allowances for potential defects found in
an order. AQL results are a major determinant of the overall result shown in a typical inspection
report. But they’re not the only factor. Understanding how AQL and these other factors affect the
results of an inspection enables you to decide how to act on the information inspection provides.
And when you’re well informed about AQL and its implications, it’s much easier to manage the
quality of your products and give your customers what they want.

QUESTION

a. How is AQL level calculated ?

- Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) is the maximum percent defective (or maximum
number of defects per 100 units) that can be considered acceptable. AQL is
measured in defects per 100 units.

b. How do you determine sample size?

- The ways to determine sample size is determine the population size, determine the
confidence interval, determine the confidence level, determine the standard deviation
and convert the confidence level into a Z-Score.

RFERENCE

- sabir, G., ChrisGreen, Anjoran, R., Ali, S., Karthick, kumar, M., Ali, Praveen,
Chauhan, O. P. S., F, B., Fok, D., Aznal, AdamH, Ravi.Shirol, Observer, S.Qaiser,
Abdelaziz, Sanjay, Srivastava, Paquette, S. (2021, April 28). What is the Aql
(Acceptance Quality Limit) in QC inspections? QualityInspection.org. Retrieved
March 20, 2022, from https://qualityinspection.org/what-is-the-aql/

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- Huang, G. (n.d.). How importers use the aql table for product inspection.
Manufacturing and QC blog. Retrieved March 20, 2022, from https://www.intouch-
quality.com/blog/how-importers-use-the-aql-table-for-product-inspection

- Team, I. (2021, July 29). What is aql sampling? how is it used in quality inspections?
Insight Quality Services. Retrieved March 20, 2022, from https://insight-
quality.com/what-is-aql-and-what-do-you-need-to-know-about-it/

- Burkhart, M. (n.d.). 3 general inspection levels for QC sampling with Aql.

- Long, C. (2017, July 27). IES 331 Quality Control Chapter 15 acceptance sampling
by variables - ppt video online download. SlidePlayer. Retrieved March 20, 2022,
from https://slideplayer.com/slide/5810729