S.C.S.P.A.
COLLEGE OF
AGRICULTURE ASHTI.
COURSE NO:- AGRO-246
COURSE TITLE:- Crop Production Technology-ii (Rabi Crops)
Crop-chickpea
NAME - Garud S.D. Guided by,
REG.No-2020AGAS036 Miss. Bankar S.L.
CHICKPEA
1. Introduction
• Local Name - Harbara/ Chana/ Bengal Gram
• Botanical Name - Cicer Arientinum
• Family – Leguminoseae
• Chromosome No – 2n=14 or 2n=16
• Origin – South West Asia or Afghanistan
2. AREAS AND PRODUCTION
• Chickpea Is one of The Important Pulse Crop, Globally It Was Grown On 149.66 lakh ha area, with a total
production of 162.25 lakh tonnes (FAOSTAT, 2019) and average Productivity of 1252 kg/ha.
• The Important gram-growing countries are India, Pakistan, Burma, and Turkey.
• India is the single largest producer of chickpea in the world.
• The major Chickpea producing areas are situated in MP, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Andhra
Pradesh.
3. CLASSIFICATION
The Indian grams have been classified into two broad groups.
Desi or Brown Gram ( Cicer Arientinum)
• Chromosome No – 2n=14.
• Colour of the seed ranges from yellow to dark brown.
• The seed Size is small.
• Plant is small with good branching ability.
• Flower Colour is Purple.
Kabuli or White gram ( Cicer Kabulium )
• Colour of the seed coat is white bold and attractive.
• Plants are taller than desi.
• Poor Branching.
• Flower colour is white.
4. BOTANY OF CHICKPEA
• Petals are generally purple in desi type
• Contain a high amount of anthocyanin pigment
• Stems are branched
• Primary branches may vary from 1 to 8
• Covered with fine glandular hairs
• Leaves are pinnately compound
• Covered with glandular hairs.
• Maximum height of 45-60 cm
Seeds are spherical in shape, wrinkled or
smooth with a pointed beak. Its head is
similar to a chicken's head with a
characteristic 'beak' hence called a chickpea.
1) Flowers are typical Papilionaceous consisting of five sepals,
five petals (consists of one standard, two wings, and two
keels), ten stamens (nine fused to form one staminal column
and one free.
2) Inflorescence -axillary, racemes .
3) Anthesis takes place between 9 am to 3 pm.
4) Self-fertilization
5. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
• It contains a rich source of protein (18 – 22%), and CHO (61-62%).
• It is used in the form of splits (dal), baked, etc.
• Green tops at an early stage are used as green vegetables.
• Malic acid (amb) and oxalic acid are of medicinal value against stomach aches and blood
purification.
• It is also contain minerals like Ca(280mg/ 100g), p(301mg / 100g), I(12.3mg /100g) and fat
– 4.5%
• Many Sweets meats are prepared from the gram.
• Husk material is used as feed for the cattle.
6. SOIL AND CLIMATE
Soil
• It grows on light to heavy black soils.
• Sandy Loams to clay loam soil, free from excessive salt and neutral in reaction with
drainage facility, are best for gram.
• Soil pH Should be more than 8.5
Climate-
• It is a winter or cool-season crop.
• It requires a cool and Dry Climate.
• Average temperature should be 18 to 23 degrees C
• Annual rainfall – 400 to 1000mm
• It requires bright sunlight during growth.
7. LAND PREPARATION
1)Gram requires a rough seed bed.
2)One Ploughing followed by 2-3 harrowing.
3)Add FYM or compost at the time of the last harrowing …
8. VARIETIES
Sr. No. Variety Characters
1. Avrodhi 150-155 days, This variety is resistant to wilt disease, 25-30
quintals per hectare.
2. Gaurav 140-145 days, moderately resistant to rust and blight
Diseases, 25-30 quintals per hectare.
3. JG-315 145-150 days, growing in rainfed, resistant to wilt disease,
25-30 quintals per hectare.
4. Annegri-1 (100 days) developed from a selection in Karnataka. 10-15
quintals per hectare
5. Karnal Resistant to salinity
Chana
6. DCP 92-3 Lodging resistant
Karnataka : BDN9-3, ICCV-2, Annegiri-1, JG-315, JG-11 etc.
9. SEED AND SOWING
Second Fortnight of October.
North India-
1) Rainfed – Second fortnight of October
2) Irrigated – first fortnight of November
Central and South India-
Second fortnight of October and the first fortnight of November.
Late Sowing-
Basically, it avoids.
Seed Rate-
1) Normal/ Optimum – 75-100kg/ha
2) Small Seed Size – 20gm T.W), 60kg/ha.
3) Medium Seed Size – 30gm (T.W), 90kg/ha.
4) Large Seed Size- 30-40gm (T.W), 120kg/ha.
5) Extra Large seed Size- 150kg/ha.
Spacing-
Row Spacing is 30-45 and plant spacing is 10-15 cm
10. MANURE AND FERTILIZER
• Chick pea being a leguminous crop fulfills the major part of its nitrogen
requirement.
• Fertilizer dose is 15-20 kg N as starter dose, 40kg phosphorous.
• About 8-10 tonnes FYM or compost.
• Fertilizers are drilled in furrows at a depth of 7-10 centimeters.
11. IRRIGATION
1) Gram crop is sown when sufficient moisture is present in the soil.
2) Irrigated crop only two irrigations are given at 30 days interval.
3) If one irrigation is possible it is given 40-45 days after sowing at pod
formation.
12. WEED AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
• weeding or inter culture with hand hoe or
wheel hoe after 25-30 days.
Fluchloralin (Basalin) 1 kg per hectare in
800 1000 liters of water as pre-planting spray
may be used as an effective herbicide.
13. HARVESTING AND YIELD
Harvesting -
• The duration of a gram crop is 3.5 to 4 months.
• Maturity Sign – 1) Leaves turn yellow
2) Drying at the plant
• Harvesting is done by cutting the plants close to the ground level with the help of a sickle or by
pulling the plant.
• Harvested plants are heaped in the field and dried in the sun for 3-4 days.
• Threshing is done by beating with sticks or trampling under the feet of bullocks.
• Threshing is done by the power of the thresher.
Yield - 20-25 q/ha.
14. PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT
• Chickpea wilt
• Rust
• Ascochyta blight
Seed treatment with thiram @2.5g/kg seed Spray the crop with
0.2% Mancozeb 72wp
• Cutworm
• Gram pod borer
Spray monocrotophos 36EC @ 2% at pod development stage
