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SIMPLE Algorithm-Ver 2

This document discusses pressure-velocity coupling in computational fluid dynamics. It describes how pressure is treated as a source term in momentum equations for incompressible flows, rather than having its own transport equation. The SIMPLE algorithm uses a guessed pressure field and corrections to iteratively solve for pressure in a way that conserves mass and momentum. Subsequent algorithms like SIMPLER, SIMPLEC and PISO made improvements but all aim to strongly couple velocities and pressure for robust convergence in solving fluid flow problems.

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40 views

SIMPLE Algorithm-Ver 2

This document discusses pressure-velocity coupling in computational fluid dynamics. It describes how pressure is treated as a source term in momentum equations for incompressible flows, rather than having its own transport equation. The SIMPLE algorithm uses a guessed pressure field and corrections to iteratively solve for pressure in a way that conserves mass and momentum. Subsequent algorithms like SIMPLER, SIMPLEC and PISO made improvements but all aim to strongly couple velocities and pressure for robust convergence in solving fluid flow problems.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pressure – Velocity Coupling

 Under ‘incompressible’ fluid flow assumption, the governing set of


equations lack an independent equation for pressure.
 ‘Pressure gradients’ act as source term in momentum equations. However,
no independent transport equation for pressure.
 Hence, a ‘guessed’ pressure field is assumed as the first step and proceed
towards a pressure field that guarantee mass and momentum conservation.

 Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linkage Equations (SIMPLE) –


Patankar & Spalding (1972)
Checker-Board Pressure Field
Flow Variable arrangement on the gird

Staggered: straight forward evaluation of mass fluxes; strong coupling between


velocities and pressure and hence better convergence; not-suitable for
unstructured complex grid because of non-linear curvature terms.
Collacated: Can handle well complex geometries; offers ease of transfer of
information between various grid levels; For incompressible flow, Rhie and Chow
(1983) interpolation scheme is used.
Pressure Correction equation
If p*, u*, v* are initial assumed variable values,

Then, p = p* + p’ ; u = u* + u’ ; v = v* + v’
Continuity Equation:
Where αp , αu , αv are under-relaxation parameters for pressure and velocities.
SIMPLE algorithm
SIMPLER (SIMPLE-Revised) algorithm

The PISO algorithm, which stands for Pressure Implicit with Splitting of
The SIMPLEC (SIMPLE-Consistent) algorithm of Van Doormal
and Raithby (1984) follows the same steps as the SIMPLE
algorithm, with the difference that the momentum equations are
manipulated so that the SIMPLEC velocity correction equations
omit terms that are less significant than those in SIMPLE.

The PISO algorithm, which stands for Pressure Implicit with


Splitting of Operators, of Issa (1986) is a pressure–velocity
calculation procedure involving one predictor step and two
corrector steps.

SIMPLER gives much better pressure field calculations as a


separate equation for pressure is solved.

Jang et al.(1986) showed that, for problems in which momentum


equations are not coupled to a scalar variable, PISO showed robust
convergence behaviour and required less computational effort than
SIMPLER and SIMPLEC.

It was also observed that when the scalar variables were closely
linked to velocities, PISO had no significant advantage over the
other methods. Iterative methods using SIMPLER and SIMPLEC
have robust convergence characteristics in strongly coupled
problems, and it could not be ascertained which of SIMPLER or
SIMPLEC was superior.

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