MODULE 5

CLOUD PLATFORMS
IN
INDUSTRY
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AMAZON WEB SERVICES

 Amazon web​ ​services (AWS) is a platform that allows the

development of flexible applications by providing Amazon
solutions ​for ​elastic​ ​infrastructure ​scalability,​ messaging,​
and ​data ​storage.
 The platform is accessible through SOAP or RESTful Web
service interfaces and provides a Web-based console where
users can handle administration and monitoring of the
resources required, and expenses​​ computed​ ​on ​a ​pay-as-you-
go ​basis.
 AWS are categorized into
 Compute services
 Storage services
 Communication services
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 Additional Services
AMAZON WEB SERVICES

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4
AMAZON’S COMPUTE SERVICES
 Compute services constitute the fundamental element
of cloud computing systems.
 The fundamental service is Amazon EC2, which
delivers an IaaS solution.
 Amazon EC2 allows deploying servers in the form of
virtual machines created as instances of a specific
image (preinstalled).
 Some Compute Service:
 Amazon machine images
 EC2 instances
 EC2 environment
 Advanced computer services
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AMAZON MACHINE IMAGES​ (AMI)
AMIs are templates from which it is possible to create a
virtual machine.
They are stored in Amazon S3 and identified by a unique identifier in
the form of ami-xxxxxx and a manifest XMLfile.
AMI contains physical file system layout with a predefined operating
system installed as Amazon Ramdisk Image (ARI, id:ari-yyyyyy)
and the Amazon Kernel Image (AKI, id: aki-zzzzzz)
 A common practice is to prepare new AMIs to create an instance
from a pre-existing AMI, log into it once it is booted and running, and
install software needed.
 Using tools, convert the instance into a new image.
 Once an AMI is created, it is stored in an S3 bucket and making its
availability is user’s choice. 6
 EC2 INSTANCE
 EC2 instances represent virtual machines. They are
created using AMI as templates, which are specialized
by selecting the number of cores, their computing
power, and the installed memory.
 The processing power is expressed in terms of virtual
cores and EC2 Compute Units (ECUs).
 By using compute units, Amazon can change over time
and keep the performance of EC2 instances consistent.
 Over time, the h/w supporting the underlying
infrastructure will be replaced by more powerful h/w,
and the use of ECUs helps give users a consistent view
of the performance offered by EC2 instances.
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 EC2 INSTANCE
Currently available configurations for EC2 instances:

 Standard instances
 Micro instances

 High memory instances

 High CPU instances

 Cluster compute instances

 Cluster GPU instances

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EC2 ENVIRONMENT
 EC2 instances are executed within a virtual environment.
 The EC2 environment is in charge of allocating addresses,
attaching storage volumes, and configuring security.
 By default, instances are created with an internal IP
address, makes them capable of communicating.
 It is possible to associate an Elastic IP to each instance,
which can then be remapped to a different instance.
 EC2 instances are also given a domain name that generally
is in the form ec2-xxx-xxx-xxx.compute-x.amazonaws.com,
where xxx-xxx-xxx represents the four parts of the external
IP address separated by a dash, and compute-x gives
information about the availability zone.
 Currently, there are five availability zones that are priced
differently: two in the United States (Virginia and Northern
California), one in Europe (Ireland), and two in Asia Pacific
(Singapore and Tokyo). 9
ADVANCED COMPUTE SERVICES
A. AWS CloudFormation - Constitutes an extension of
the simple deployment model that characterizes EC2
instances
B. AWS Elastic Beanstalk - To package applications and
deploy them on the AWS Cloud. This service
simplifies the process of provisioning instances and
deploying application code and provides appropriate
access
C. Amazon Elastic MapReduce – Provides platform for
MapReduce applications. It utilizes Hadoop as the
MapReduce engine, deployed on a virtual
infrastructure composed of EC2 instances, and uses
Amazon S3 for storage needs.
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STORAGE SERVICES
S3 key concepts
S3 has been designed to provide a simple storage service
that’s accessible through a Representational State
Transfer(REST) interface.

 The storage is organized in a two-level hierarchy.

 Stored objects cannot be manipulated like std. files.
 Contents are not immediately available to users.
 Request will occasionally fail.

 Access to S3 is provided with RESTful Web services.

These express all the operations that can be
performed on the storage in the form of HTTP
requests(GET, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, and POST). 11
Resource naming
 Buckets, objects, and attached metadata are made
accessible through a REST interface.

 Therefore, they are represented by uniform resource

identifiers (URIs) under the domain s3.amazonaws.com

 Amazon offers three ways of addressing a bucket:

 Canonicalform: http://s3.amazonaws.com/bukect_name/
 Sub domainform : http://bucketname.s3.amazon.com/
 Virtual hostingform: http://bucket-name.com/

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Buckets
 A bucket is a container of objects.

 It can be thought of as a virtual drive hosted on the

S3 distributed storage.
 Buckets are top-level elements of the S3 storage
architecture and do not support nesting.
 That is, it is not possible to create “subbuckets” or
other kinds of physical divisions.
 Bucket- geographic location, fault tolerant.

 Object creation under bucket only, and buckets

created by PUT request, contents list by GET, delete
by DELETE.
 No rename, relocation but can delete and recreate.
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Objects and metadata
 Objects constitute the content elements stored in S3.

 Users either store files or push to the S3 text stream

representing the object’s content.
 An object is identified by a name that needs to be
unique.
 The name cannot be longer than 1,024 bytes when
encoded in UTF-8, and it allows almost any
character including path separator character too.
 Object size is 5gb max, no editing.

 GET, PUT and DELETE same as in buckets.

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Access control and security
 Amazon S3 allows controlling the access to buckets and
objects by means of Access Control Policies (ACPs)
which is a set of grant permissions.
 A policy allows defining up to 100 access rules, each of
them granting one of the available permissions to a
grantee.
 Currently, five different permissions can be used:
 READ allows the grantee to retrieve an object and its
metadata and to list the content of a bucket
 WRITE allows the grantee to add an object to bucket as well
as modify and remove it.
 READ_ACP allows the grantee to read the ACP of a
resource.
 WRITE_ACP allows the grantee to modify the ACP resource 15
 FULL_CONTROL grants all the above.
Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)
 It allows AWS users to provide EC2 instances with
persistent storage in the form of volumes that can be
mounted at instance startup.
 The capacity is upto1 TB of space and are accessed
through a block device interface.
 EBS volumes normally reside within the same
availability zone of the EC2 instances.
 It is also possible to connect volumes located in different
availability zones.
 Once mounted as volumes, their content is lazily loaded
in the background and according to the request made by
the operating system.This reduces the number of I/O
requests that go to the network
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AMAZON ELASTICACHE

 Elasti Cache is an implementation of an elastic in-

memory cache based on a cluster of EC2 instances.
 It provides fast data access through a Memcached-
compatible protocol so that applications can
transparently migrate to ElastiCache.
 ElastiCache is based on a cluster of EC2 instances
running the caching software, which is made available
through Web services.
 An ElastiCache cluster can be dynamically resized.
 Cache cluster continue to run without any
administrative intervention. 17
STRUCTURED STORAGE SOLUTIONS

Amazon provides applications with structured storage

services in three different forms:
 Preconfigured EC2 AMIs,

 Amazon Relational DataStorage(RDS)

 Amazon SimpleDB.

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 Preconfigured EC2 AMIs are predefined templates
featuring an installation of a given database management
system.
 EC2 instances created from these AMIs can be completed
with an EBS volume for storage persistence.
 Available AMIs include installations of IBM DB2, Microsoft
SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Sybase, & Vertica.

 Amazon RDS is relational database service that relies on

the EC2 infrastructure and is managed by Amazon.
 Offers high availability, designing failover strategies, or
keeping the servers up-to-date with patches.
 Provides services like automatic backups, snapshots, point-
in-time recoveries, & facilities for implementing replications.
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 Features: Multi AZ deployment and read replicas.
 Amazon SimpleDB is a lightweight, highly scalable,
and flexible data storage solution for applications that
do not require a fully relational model for their data.
 SimpleDB provides support for semi structured data,
the model for which is based on the concept of
domains, items, and attributes.
 SimpleDB uses domains as top-level elements to
organize a data store. These domains are roughly
comparable to tables in the relational model.
 Unlike tables, they allow items not to have all the same
column structure;
 item is therefore represented as a collection of attribute
s expressed in the form of a key-value pair.
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Amazon CloudFront
 CloudFront is an implementation of a content delivery
network on top of the Amazon distributed storage
infrastructure.
 It leverages a collection of edge servers strategically
located around the globe to better serve
requests for static and streaming Web
content so that the transfer time is reduced.
 AWS provides users with simple Web service APIs to
manage CloudFront
 The content that can be delivered through CloudFront is
static (HTTP and HTTPS) or streaming (Real Time
Messaging Protocol, or RMTP).
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COMMUNICATION SERVICES
 Virtual networking comprises a collection of services that
allow AWS users to control the connectivity to and
between compute and storage services.
 Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and Amazon Direct
Connect - infrastructure solutions and Route 53 - naming.
 Amazon VPC provides flexibility in creating virtual private
networks within the Amazon infrastructure.
 The service provides prepared templates for network service
for advanced configurations. Templates include public
subnets, isolated networks, private networks accessing
Internet through NAT and hybrid networks.
 Amazon Direct Connect allows AWS users to create dedicated
networks between the user private network and Amazon
Direct Connect locations, called ports.
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 Route 53 implements dynamic DNS services.
MESSAGING
The three different types of messaging services offered
are
 Amazon Simple Queue Service ( SQS) – disconnected
model for exchanging messages through message
queues.

 Amazon Simple Notification Service(SNS) – publish-

subscribe method for connecting heterogeneous
applications

 Amazon Simple Email Service(SES) – scalable email

service
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 ADDITIONAL SERVICES

A collection of additional services are provided and

particularly relevant are

 Amazon cloudwatch – provides a comprehensive set of

statistics to help developers to understand and optimize
the behavior of their application.

 Flexible payment service (FPS) – billing infrastructure

to set goods and services, it includes one-time payment,
delayed, periodic payment based on subscription, usage
and transaction.

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GOOGLE APPENGINE
 Google AppEngine is a PaaS implementation.

 AppEngine is essentially a distributed and scalable

runtime environment.

 The runtime is completed by a collection of services

that allow developers to design and implement
applications that naturally scale on AppEngine.

 Developers can develop applications in Java, Python,

and Go, a new programming language.

 Application’s usage of Google resources and services is

metered by AppEngine. 25
ARCHITECTURE AND CORE CONCEPTS - INFRASTRUCTURE

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1. Infrastructure
 AppEngine hosts ​Web​​ applications,​​and​ its ​primary​​function ​is​
to​​ serve​ users​ ​requests efficiently.
 AppEngine’s infrastructure takes advantage of many servers
available within Google datacenters.
 For each HTTP request, AppEngine locates the servers hosting
the application that processes the request, evaluates their load,
and,​ if​​ necessary,​ allocates​ ​additional resources​ or​ ​redirects​
the ​request ​to​ ​an ​existing ​server.
 The infrastructure is also responsible for monitoring
application performance and collecting statistics on which
the​ ​billing​ is​ ​calculated.

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2. Runtime Environment

Sandboxing
 Runtime environment provides application
environment with an isolated and protected context.
 In other words, it provides applications with a
sandbox.
 Supports applications developed only with managed or
interpreted languages.
 Sandboxing is achieved through modified runtimes.

 If an application tries to perform any operation that is

considered potentially harmful, an exception is thrown
and the execution is interrupted.
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Supported Runtimes
 AppEngine currently supports Java 6, and developers
can use the common tools for Web application
development in Java, such as the Java Server Pages
(JSP), and the applications interact with the
environment by using the Java Servlet standard.
 Support for Python is provided by an optimized Python
2.5.2 interpreter. As with Java, the runtime
environment supports the Python standard library.
 Developers can use a specific Python Web application
framework, called webapp, simplifying the development
of Web applications.
 The Go runtime environment allows applications
developed with the Go programming language to be
hosted and executed in AppEngine. 29
3. Storage
 App Engine provides various types
of storage, which operate differently depending on the
volatility of the data.
 Static file servers- Web applications are composed of
dynamic and static data.
 Dynamic data are a result of the logic of the application
and the interaction with the user.
 Static data often are mostly constituted of the
components that define the graphical layout
of the application or datafiles.
 DataStore- DataStore is a service that allows developers
to store semi-structured data.
 The service is designed to scale and optimized to quickly
access data.
 DataStore can be considered as a large object database
and access by a specified key. 30
DataStore cont’d -

 Imposes less constraint on data regularity

 Underlying infrastructure is based on Bigtable

 Data are defined in terms of entity and properties

 Facilties for creating indexes and update data

 Extremely fast in returning result sets

 Structure of indexes is saved into a configuration 31

4. Application services
 UrlFetch

 MemCache

 Mail and instant messaging

 Account management

 Image manipulation

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 UrlFetch - The sandbox environment provide developers
with the capability of retrieving a remote resource
through HTTP/HTTPS by means of the UrlFetch service
 Ability to set deadlines for requests so that they can be
completed (or aborted) within a given time.
 UrlFetch is also used to leverage remote Web services in
accordance with the SOA reference model for distributed
applications.

 MemCache - Caching service by means of MemCache, is

a distributed in-memory cache that is optimized for fast
access and provides developers with a volatile store for
the objects that are frequently accessed.
 The caching algorithm implemented by MemCache will
automatically remove the objects that are rarely
accessed. The use of MemCache can significantly reduce 33
the access time to data.
Mail and instant messaging –
 It is common to use email for folowing up with users
about operations performed by the application.
 AppEngine provides developers with the ability to
send and receive mails through Mail. It is also
possible to include several types of attachments.
 Mail operates asynchronously, and in case of failed
delivery the sending address is notified through an
email detailing the error.
 AppEngine provides also another way to communicate
with the external world: the Extensible Messaging
and Presence Protocol (XMPP).
 Any chat service that supports XMPP, such as Google
Talk, can send and receive chat messages to and from
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the Web application.
Account management –
 Developers can hold Google account management by
means of Google Accounts.
 Using Google Accounts, Web applications can
conveniently store profile settings, attach and quickly
retrieve once the user authenticates.
 It does not require any further implementation. The
Accounts is useful for developing Web applications
within a corporate environment using Google Apps.

Image manipulation -
 Allows to perform image resizing, rotation, mirroring,
and enhancement by means of Image Manipulation, a
service that is also used in other Google products.
 Image Manipulation is mostly designed for lightweight
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image processing and is optimized for speed.
5. Compute services
AppEngine offers additional services such as Task
Queues and Cron Jobs that simplify the execution of
computations that are off-bandwidth or those that
cannot be performed within the timeframe of the
Web request.

 Task queues - allow applications to submit a task

for a later execution. This service is particularly
useful for long computations that cannot be
completed within the maximum response time of a
request handler.
 Cron jobs - it is possible to schedule the required
operation at the desired time by using the Cron
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Jobs service.
MICROSOFT AZURE

 Microsoft Windows Azure is a cloud operating system

built on top of Microsoft datacenters’ infrastructure
 Provides developers with a collection of services for
building applications with cloud technology
 Services range from compute, storage, and networking
to application connectivity, access control, and business
intelligence
 Azure services can be managed and controlled through
the Windows Azure Management Portal, which acts as
an administrative console for all the services offered by
the Azure platform.

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MICROSOFT AZURE PLATFORM ARCHITECTURE

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AZURE CORE CONCEPTS
 The Windows Azure platform is made up of a
foundation layer and a set of developer services that
can be used to build scalable applications
 services provided by Azure

 compute,
 storage,
 networking,
 identity management,
These services are tied together by middleware called
AppFabric.

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1.COMPUTE SERVICES
 Compute services are the core components of Microsoft
Windows Azure
 Services delivered by means of the abstraction of roles.

 Three different roles:

 Web role
 Worker role
 Virtual Machine (VM) role.
Web role:
 The Web role is designed to implement scalable Web
applications.
 Web roles represent the units of deployment of Web
applications within the Azure infrastructure. 40
Worker role
 Worker roles are designed to host general compute services

 Used to quickly provide compute power or to host services

that do not communicate with the external world through
HTTP
 Used to provide background processing for Web applications

 A Worker role runs continuously from the creation of its

instance until it is shut down

Virtual machine role

 Allows developers to control computing stack of their compute
service
 The Virtual Machine role is based on the Windows Hyper-V
virtualization technology.
 Developers can image a Windows server installation, save it
41
into a Virtual Hard Disk(VHD) and upload.
 2.STORAGE SERVICES
 Compute resources are equipped with local storage in
the form of a directory on the local file system.
 Windows Azure provides different types of storage
solutions.
A. Blobs: Storing large amount of data in the form of
binary large objects (BLOBs) by means of the blobs
service.
 Block blobs- Consists of blocks and are optimized for
sequential access, are appropriate for media streaming.
Blocks are of 4 MB, a single block blob - 200 GB.
 Page blobs- Page blobs are made of pages that are
identified by offset from beginning of blob. A page blob
can be split into multiple pages or constituted of single
page. This type of blob is optimized for random access
and can be used to host data different from streaming. 42

Maximum dimension of page blob can be 1TB.

B. Azure drive: File system can be stored in the form of a
single Virtual Hard Drive (VHD) file using page blobs.
This can then be mounted as a part of the NTFS file
system by Azure compute resources, thus providing
persistent and durable storage.

C. Tables: Tables constitute a semi-structured storage

solution, allowing users to store information in the form
of entities with a collection of properties. Tables are
similar to spreadsheets and handles large data.

D. Queues: Allows applications to communicate by

exchanging messages through durable queues.
Applications enter messages into a queue, and other
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applications can read them in a FIFO style.
 3.CORE INFRASTRUCTURE: APPFABRIC
 AppFabric is a comprehensive middleware for
developing, deploying, and managing applications on
the cloud or for integration of existing applications.
 AppFabric supports high availability, sandboxing,
multitenancy, state management, dynamic address
resolution and routing.
 Offers a collection of services and simplifies distributed
applications tasks.

 Access control: AppFabric provides the capability of

encoding access control to resources in Web applications
and services into a set of rules expressed.
 Access control services also integrate several
authentication providers into a single coherent identity
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management framework.
 CORE INFRASTRUCTURE: APPFABRIC CONT’D

 Service bus: It constitutes the messaging &

connectivity infrastructure.
 It allows applications to interact with different protocols
and patterns.
 It’s designed to allow transparent n/w traversal and to
simplify the development of loosely coupled applications.

 Azure cache: It’s a service that allows developers to

quickly access data persisted on Windows Azure storage
or in SQL Azure.
 The service implements a distributed in-memory cache
of which the size can be dynamically adjusted by
applications according to their needs. 45
 4.OTHER SERVICES
 Other services & components simplify the development
and integration of applications with the Azure Cloud
available under a domain - applications connectivity.

Windows Azure virtual network

 Networking services for applications are offered under
the name Windows Azure Virtual Network, which
includes Windows Azure Connect and Windows Azure
Traffic Manager.

Windows Azure content delivery network

 Windows Azure Content Delivery Network (CDN) is the
content delivery network solution that improves the
content delivery capabilities of Storage and several
46

other Microsoft services.

SQL AZURE – SQL AZURE ARCHITECTURE
 SQL Azure is a relational database service hosted on
Windows Azure.

 The service extends the capabilities of SQL Server to the

cloud and provides developers with a scalable, highly
available, and fault-tolerant relational database.

 It is fully compatible with the interface exposed by SQL

Server, so applications built for SQL Server can
transparently migrate to SQL Azure.

 Service is fully manageable using REST APIs, allowing

developers to have control over databases deployed. 47
SQL AZURE – SQL AZURE ARCHITECTURE

48
CLOUD APPLICATIONS
 Scientific applications are using cloud computing systems and
technologies as infinite availability of computing resources
offered at sustainable prices.

 Cloud computing systems meet the needs of different types of

applications in the scientific domain.

 Options like IaaS, VM and PaaS are considered to explore

new models for their challenging problems.

 Applications have been redesigned and implemented on top of

cloud programming application models and platforms to
leverage their unique capabilities.

 For instance, the MapReduce programming model for building 49

applications that need to process large datasets - (Aneka).
 HEALTHCARE: ECG ANALYSIS IN THE CLOUD
 Cloud technologies are used to support doctors in
providing more effective diagnostic processes. Ex;
electrocardiogram (ECG) data analysis on the cloud.
 ECG data analysis and monitoring fits into this scenario.

 ECG is the electrical manifestation of the contractile

activity of the heart’s myocardium. Produces a specific
waveform that represents heartbeat.

 Cloud computing technologies allow the remote

monitoring of heartbeat data, data analysis in minimal
time, and the notify first-aids.
 This way a patient at risk can be constantly monitored
without going to a hospital for ECG analysis. 50
HEALTHCARE: ECG ANALYSIS IN THE CLOUD

51
BIOLOGY: PROTEIN-STRUCTURE PREDICTION
 Applications in biology often require high computing
capabilities and often operate on large data sets.
 Cloud computing technologies provide required capabilities in
a more dynamic fashion, thus opening new opportunities for
bioinformatics applications.
 Protein structure prediction is a computationally intensive
task. Ex: design of new drugs for the treatment of diseases.
 The geometric structure of a protein is the result of complex
computations aimed to minimize the required energy.
 This task requires the investigation of a space with a massive
number of states, that creates a large no. of computations.
 The computational power required for protein structure
prediction can now be acquired on demand. Cloud computing
grants access to required capacity on a pay-per-use basis.
52
BIOLOGY: PROTEIN-STRUCTURE PREDICTION -
ARCHITECTURE AND OVERVIEW OF JEEVA PORTAL

53
 BIOLOGY: GENE EXPRESSION DATA ANALYSIS FOR
CANCER DIAGNOSIS
 Gene expression profiling is the measurement of the
expression levels of thousands of genes at once to
understand the biological processes.
 Application - cancer diagnosis and treatment.

 Here, gene expression profiling used to provide a more

accurate classification of tumors. The classification of
data samples into distinct classes is a challenging task.

 eXtended Classifier System (XCS) & CoXCS has been

successfully utilized for classifying large datasets
 CoXCS that leverages Aneka to solve the classification
problems in parallel and compose their outcomes as its
scalable middleware offers a distinctive advantage. 54
BIOLOGY: GENE EXPRESSION DATA ANALYSIS FOR
CANCER DIAGNOSIS

55
GEOSCIENCE: SATELLITE IMAGE PROCESSING
 Geoscience applications collect, produce, and analyze massive
amounts of geospatial and nonspatial data.
 Geographic information system (GIS) is a major element of
geoscience applications that capture, store, manipulate,
analyze, manage & present all types of geographical ref. data.
 As a result, a considerable amount of data is ingested into
computer systems for further processing & analysis.
 Satellite remote sensing generates hundreds of gigabytes of
raw images that need to be further processed several
transformations and corrections to be applied.
 Cloud computing provides the appropriate infrastructure to
support such applications. Ex: Department of Space, India
 Cloud computing is an attractive option for executing these
demanding tasks and extracting meaningful information 56to
support decision makers.
 GEOSCIENCE: SATELLITE IMAGE PROCESSING
 The system shown in the below figure- integrates several
technologies across the entire computing stack.
 The project demonstrates how cloud technologies can be
effectively employed to offload local computing facilities
from excessive workloads.

57
 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER APPLICATIONS
 The business & consumer sector is the one that benefits
the most from cloud computing technologies.
 The opportunity of transforming capital costs into
operational costs.
 The sense of ubiquity that the cloud offers for accessing
data and services.
 Elastic nature of cloud technologies does not require
huge upfront investments.
 The combination of all these, made cloud computing the
preferred technology for a wide range of applications.
 Ex: CRM and ERP systems to productivity and social-
networking.
58
 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER APPLICATIONS- CONT’D

 CRM applications the more mature than ERP. Provides

a great opportunity for small enterprises and start-ups.
 No large up-front costs and pay for subscriptions, easy to
move to the cloud.

 ERP solutions are less mature.

 They integrate several aspects of an enterprise, goal is to
provide a uniform view and access to all operations.
 Cost advantage is not clear, the transition and switch to
cloud is difficult.

 Ex: SalesForce.com, Microsoft dynamics CRM, NetSuite

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 PRODUCTIVITY
 Productivity applications replicate in the cloud some of
the most common tasks that we perform on our desktop.
 DropBox and iCloud - online document storage, an online
application allows users to synchronize any file across
any platform & any device, offer a free amount of storage
 Google Docs - Google Docs is a SaaS application that
delivers the basic office automation capabilities with
support for collaborative editing over the Web.
 Cloud Desktops: EyeOS and XIOS/3 - It replicates the
functionalities of a classic desktop environment and
comes with pre-installed applications for the most
common file and document management tasks.
Xcerion XML Internet OS/3 (XIOS/3) - is another
example of a Web desktop environment. The service
is delivered as part of the CloudMe application, which60is
a solution for cloud document storage.
 SOCIAL NETWORKING
 To sustain the traffic and serve millions of users,
services such as Twitter and Facebook have leveraged
cloud computing technologies.
 The possibility of continuously adding capacity while
systems are running.

Facebook
 Facebook has more than 800 million users, it is one of
the largest Websites in the world.
 To sustain the incredible growth, it has been basis that
Facebook be capable of continuously adding capacity and
developing new scalable technologies and s/w systems.
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 MEDIA APPLICATIONS
 Media applications like video-processing operations, such
as encoding, transcoding, composition, and rendering,
are good candidates for a cloud-based environment.
 These are computationally intensive tasks that can be
easily offloaded to cloud computing infrastructures.

 Animoto
 Maya rendering with Aneka

 Video encoding on the cloud: Encoding.com

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 MULTIPLAYER ONLINE GAMING
 Online games support hundreds of players in the same
session, made possible by the specific architecture used
to forward interactions, which is based on game log
processing.
 Players update the game server hosting the game
session, and the server integrates all the updates into a
log that is made available to all the players through a
TCP port.
 The client software used for the game connects to the log
port and, by reading the log, updates the local user
interface with the actions of other players.
 The use of cloud computing technologies can provide the
required elasticity for seamlessly processing these
workloads and scale as required when the number of
users increases. 63