Unit -1

Physical Education
 Unit - 1
Management of
Sporting Events
Syllabus (Theory – 70 Marks)
Syllabus (Theory – 70 Marks)
Syllabus (Theory – 70 Marks)
Syllabus (Practical – 30 Marks)
 Unit Contents
1. Functions of Sports Events Management (Planning,
Organising, Staffing, Directing & Controlling)

2. Various Committees & their Responsibilities (pre;

during & post)

3. Fixtures and its Procedures – Knock-Out (Bye &

Seeding) & League (Staircase & Cyclic)
 Unit 1 – Handbook (CBSE Syllabus)
1. Management of Sporting Events –

2. Functions of Sports Events Management (Planning, Organising,

Staffing, Directing & Controlling);

3. Various Committees & their Responsibilities (pre; during & post);

4. Fixtures and its Procedures – Knock-Out (Bye & Seeding) & League
(Staircase & Cyclic);

5. Intramural & Extramural – Meaning, Objectives & Its Significance;

6. Community Sports – Purpose and benefits

1.1 Functions of Sports Events
Management
Sports event management is a huge
job. Events play a major role in
generating income for sports
organizations and, often, nearby
restaurants, hotels, and airports.

Sports event managers are responsible

for planning and delivering on every
detail. From community fundraisers
and school sports to the major leagues
and international competitions, they
work at every level to ensure that each
event goes off without a hitch and that
spectators stay engaged.
1.1 Functions of Sports Events
Management
Check list to organising a sports event :
1. Formation of Organising Committees
2. Establishment of Objectives
3. Theme of the event
4. Date of the event
5. Place of the event
6. Budget
7. Sponsorship
8. Marketing (Campaign)
9. Invitations to teams and guests
10. Conformation of teams
11. Logistics (Accommodations, Refreshments,
Transportation, Medical Staff, Water,
table, chairs, flags, notice board)
12. Checking on the sponsors
1.1 Functions of Sports
Events Management
(1. Planning,
2. Organising,
3. Staffing,
4. Directing &
5. Controlling)

1. Planning is an intellectual
process of thinking in advance
about setting of goals and
developing strategies which are
required to attain the goals
efficiently.
“Planning is a way to
systematize, direct
and organize the
events or
competitions and
extract the
advantage and
benefit of the
available resources.”
1.1 Objectives of planning :

A. To keep control over all activities which

suggests that planning & control are
connected with each other.

B. It also helps in keeping a good control

in organizing a tournament.

C. Reduce the chances of mistake

D. It suggests programmes can be

conducted with proper coordination with
least mistakes rather focusing on success.

E. To promote innovative ideas.

f. To provide
direction towards
the goal

g. To reduce undue
pressure

h. To increase the
creativity and to
improve efficiency.
2. Organizing :

This includes
distributing
resources and
organizing personnel
in order to
achieve the goals
established in the
planning function.
3. Staffing :

This refers to
identifying key
staff positions, and
to ensuring that the
proper talent is
serving that
specific job duty in
order to achieve
the aims and
objectives of an
organization
4. Directing :

Directing personnel is a
leadership quality, and
includes letting staff
know what needs to be
done, and also by when.

It includes supervision
of personnel while
simultaneously
motivating them.
5. Controlling :

Controlling refers to all the processes that leaders create to monitor

success.

It involves establishing performance standards, measuring actual

performance and comparing them irregularities.
Q1. The basic
function of
management is :

(a) Controlling
(b) Budgeting
(c) Planning.
(d) Organising
Q2.. A good plan
should NOT be:

(a) specific
(b) logical
(c) autocratic.
(d) flexible
Q3. In planning, defining
procedure means:

A. setting goals
B. making a policy
C. laying down rules and
regulations
D. defining course of
action.
1.2 Various committees
and responsibilities:
Different committees work together
for the smooth conduct of the sports
events. The various committees are:

(ì) Technical Committee: This

committee is responsible for the
technical conduct. This committee
selects various officials such as
referees, judges, starters, umpires,
time keepers etc.
(ii)Transport Committee :
This committee is
responsible for providing
the facilities regarding
transportation of various
teams If the venue of sports
events.

(ììì) Reception Committee:

The members of this
committee are responsible
to welcome the Chief Guest
and spectators at opening
and closing ceremonies.
(ìv) Boarding and Lodging
Committee:
This committee is responsible
for making necessary
arrangements for providing
accommodation and serving
meals to the sportspersons and
other officials.

(v) Ground and Equipment

Committee :
This committee males
necessary arrangements of
equipment related to events.
(vi) Medical and First Aid
Committee:
This committee is Formed to
provide medical assistance
to participants round the
clock

(vii) Protest Committee :

If there is a protest against
a judgment, the members of
this committee decide about
it.
(viii) Publicity Committee:
All the press releases and
press conferences are
conducted by this committee.

(ix) Finance Committee:

This committee is assigned to
make the budget for the event
and handle the expenses.

(x) Refreshment Committee :

This committee is formed to
profile refreshment to the
participants.
Hierarchy of Organising Committee to conduct
Event in School/ institution
Q1. The Committee
responsible for liaison
(साथ काम करने वाले ,यि/तय1 या
समहू 1 के बीच संपक9) with
Print media is

(a) Technical
(b) Logistics
(c) Marketing
(d) Finance
Q2. Purchase of sports
equipment is a work of ______
committee:

(a) Technical
(b) Publicity
(c) Marketing
(d) Finance
Q3. Publication of rules and
regulations should be done:

(a) Pre event

(b) During event
(c) Post event
(d) Any time during the event
Tournaments:
A tournament is a competition involving relatively large
number of competitors, all participating in a sports or
game. It is a series of contests with several rounds in
which many
contestants compete, individually or as a team to
decide the winner.

In other words, Tournament is a series of contests in

which a number of contestants compete and the one
that prevails through the final round or that finishes
with the best record is declared the winner.
Type of tournament:

1. Knock out:
In this type of tournament, the team once
defeated, gets eliminated from the tournament.
Only the winning teams contest in the next
rounds. Opportunities are given to the winning
players/teams.

2. League:
In single league tournament all participating
teams compete once, with each other, where as
in double league, each team plays with every as
in double league, each team plays with every
other team twice, without any consideration of
victory or defeat.
3. Combination Tournaments:
Combination tournaments are organized in group or
zonal matches.

There are mainly four types of combination

tournaments:
1.Knock out cum Knock out
2.League cum league
3.Knock out cum league
4.League cum Knock out
Seeding a Team :-

The sorting of the teams and

fitting them in the fixtures so that
the stronger teams do not meet
each other in earlier rounds is
known as Seeding. This method is
good if we know the real strong
teams.

The organizers should find out the

real strong teams from the
previous tournaments or old
records figure starting a new
tournament.
Bye:-

The advantage given to a team usually by

drawing a lot, and exempting it from
playing a match in the first round is
known as Bye. These are given to a
specific number of teams in the first
round.
The number of byes are decided by
subtracting the number of teams from
the next higher number which is in
power of two’s.

Bye = Next Higher Power of 2 - no of

Team
3 Steps to Find No. of Byes :

1. No. of Teams, i.e. N = ?

2. Next Higher Power of 2

3. 2^x - N
The procedure of giving byes is as follows:

The first bye is given to last team of lower

half.

The second bye is given to first team of upper

half.

The third bye is given to first team of lower

half.

The fourth bye if given to last team of upper

half.
The next bye or byes will be given in the same
order as described above.
Methods of Preparing Fixtures for Knock-out
Tournaments:-

1. Total number of teams participating in the

tournament = n
2. Total number of matches to be played in the
tournament = n-1, where n is the total
number of teams participating in the
tournament.
3. Total number of rounds played in the
tournament depends upon two things :-

a. The number of teams playing in the

tournament.
b. The higher nearest number from the total
number of teams of power of two’s
4. Method of determining the number of teams in
upper half and lower half:-

a. If he number of teams is even, then equal number

of teams will be divided in both halves i.e- n/2,
where n is the total number of teams.

b. If the number of teams is odd, the following

method is applied: Number of teams in upper
half=(n+1)/2,where n=number of teams. Number of
teams in lower half=(n-1)/2,where n=number of
teams
5. The number of byes is a knock-out tournament
are decided by subtracting total number of teams
from the next higher nearest number in power of
two’s.
Draw a knock out fixture of 17 teams?

No. of teams = 17,

Total No. of matches = N-1 = 17-1 = 16

No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)/2

= (17+1)/2 = 9

No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)/2 = (17-1)/2

=8
Total no. of byes = 32 - 17 = 15 byes,

No. of byes in upper half = (NB-1)/2 = (15-1)/2

=7
No. of byes in lower half = (NB+1)/2 = (15+1)/2
=8
Total rounds = 5 => 25
Practice Question
Draw a knock out fixture of 5 teams?

No. of teams = 5,
Total No. of matches = N-1 = 5-1 = 4

No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)/2

= (5+1)/2 = 3

No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)/2 = (5-1)/2

=2
Total no. of byes = 8 - 5 = 3 byes,

No. of byes in upper half = (NB-1)/2 = (3-1)/2

=1
No. of byes in lower half = (NB+1)/2 = (3+1)/2
=2
Total rounds => 23 = 3
League tournament :

In this type each

team plays with every
other team once if it
is a single league
tournament and each
team plays with every
other team twice if it
is a double league
tournament.
(a) Cyclic method:

In cyclic method, If the number of teams is in even number, the

team number 1 is fixed on the top of left hand side and then other
team numbers in ascending order consecutively downward and
then upward on the left hand side and then from the next round
teams will rotate in clockwise direction.

If the number of teams is odd then the bye is fixed on the top of
right hand side and rest of the procedure will remain same. If the
number of team is even number than number of rounds will be (N-
1).

If the number of teams is odd number then number of rounds will

be equal to number of teams.
Draw a League fixture of 4 teams?

1. No. of teams = 4,
2. Total No. of matches = [N(N-1)]/2 = [4(4-1)]/2
=6

3. No. of Rounds = N-1 = 4-1 = 3

Draw a League fixture of 5 teams?

1. No. of teams = 5,

2. Total No. of matches = [N(N-1)]/2 = [5(5-1)]/2

= 10

3. No. of Rounds = N = 5
(b) Stair-case Method:

In stair-case method, the fixtures are made just like a ladder

or a stair- case. In this method, no bye is given to any team
and there is no problem of even or odd number of teams.
British method is used to declare the winner in
a League tournament.

In British method there is a point system

The team who won the match gets 2 points.
And losing team gets 0 points.
In case of tie 1 point is awarded to each team.

British Formula is
(Total points obtained / Total possible points)
*100
American method :

Formula is
(Matches won / Total matches played)
*100
Intramural & Extramural : MEANING,
OBJECTIVES AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE :

Meaning of Intramural:-
Intramural is derived from the Latin word ’Intra”
and “muralist’.
”Intra” means “within” and “Muralist” means
‘Walls’ .So we can say that the activities, which
are performed within the walls or within the
campus of an institution ,are called ‘Intramural”.
Objectives of Intramural:-

1. To provide opportunity to every student to

participate in games and Sports
2. To develop Leadership Qualities among
students
3. To develop Feeling of Cooperation
4. To provide Recreation
Extramurals :

Extramural sports satisfy the need

for structured sports activities
between students from various
schools, organizations, or institutions.

Extramural means competitions

outside walls or boundaries, as of a
city or town or a university.
These tournaments will be organized
on a zonal, regional, state or national
basis.
Eg: CBSE tournaments etc.
Objectives of extramural :

1. To provide Experience to Students

2. To improve the Standard of Sports
3. To broaden the Base of Sports
4. To develop Sportsmanship and
Fraternity
5. To provide knowledge of New
Rules and Advanced Techniques
Community Sports – Purpose
and benefits
Sports and games programs are
arranged in the world as well as in our
country to promote the games and
sports for a specific cause.

Every country in the world has some or

other cause for promoting Community
sports programs.

The programs motivate and create the

feeling to take part in these sports
programs. People become health-
conscious and try to remain fit and stay
healthy for as long as possible.
These specific sports programs are
usually organized by the federations,
state government, NGO etc. to
create health consciousness among
the people and take part in health-
related sports programs.

More and more people of all age

groups should take part in such
sports programs. Specific sports
programmes are such programmes
of sports which are not usually
related to competitions.

These programmes have various

objectives such as creating
awareness among peoples regarding
unity, health & diseases etc.
The various important specific
programs are:-

1. SPORTS DAY

2.HEALTH RUN :
These are organized by health
departments to Know the
standard of health in a country
along with raising funds for
charity.

3.RUN FOR FUN :

It is also organised to spread
the message among masses to
remain healthy and fit. It may
be organized to motivate the
people to remain fit.
4.RUN FOR UNITY:
It is organized to show unity
and peace among the people
of different religions. Its
purpose may be national and
international integration and
brotherhood.

5.RUN FOR SPECIFIC CAUSE :

This is the run related to
specific or noble cause. Most
of the social non- profit
organizations organizes these
runs for creating awareness
about AIDS, Educating the girl
child, Cancer.
Previous Year Questions
1. No. of matches in knockout tournament
of 34 teams are? [2020]

A. 31
B. 32
C. 33.
D. 34
CBSE Sample Paper Questions
Q2. What is the formula to divide an odd
number of teams in the upper half for a
knockout fixture?

a) (N+1)/2.
b) (N-1)/2
c) N(N-1)/2
d) N(N+1)/2
Q9. Formula for determining the number
of bye in the lower half of a knockout
fixture when number of byes are odd?

a) (nb+1) / 2.
b) (nb-1) / 2
c) nb /2
d) nb+1
Q22. The formula for determining the number
of rounds in a single league fixture when the
number of teams is even?

a) N
b) N-1/2
c) N-1.
d) N(N-1)/2
Q28. How many matches will be played if
there are 22 teams for the knockout fixture?

a) 10
b) 21.
c) 12
d) 32
Q29. How many byes will be given if there are
8 teams in the league tournament?

a) 7
b) 5
c) 4
d) 0.
Q36. How many rounds will be played if the
number of teams are 29 in the knockout
fixture?

a) 5.
b) 6
c) 7
d) 3
Q6. What is Bye?

a. It’s a method of drawing fixture

b. Point system for team games
c. Advantage given to a team to not to play
in initial round.
d. Placing of teams according to previous
performance
Q 11. Given below are the two statements labeled Assertion (A) and
Reason (R).

A. Assertion (A) : Planning is the foremost function in sports.

B. Reason (R) : Planning gives a view of future course of action.
In the context of above two statements, which one of the following
is correct?

a. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of
(A).
b. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation
of (A)
c. (A) is true, but (R) is false
d. (A) is false, but (R) is true
Q.3. The other name of League Tournament is—

(a) Round robin Tournament.

(b) Knock out Tournament
(c) Combination Tournament
(d) Challenge Tournament
Q.4. To avoid stronger teams to compete in
initial round which of the following is correct.

(a) Bye
(b) Seeding.
(c) fixture
(d) Special seeding
Q.5. How many bye will be given for 21 teams
on the knock out basis.

(a) 11.
(b) 12
(c) 14
(d) 17
Q.6. In the placement of Byes, IV Bye is given to
whom.

(a) Ist Team of lower half

(b) Ist team of upper half
(c) Last team of lower half
(d) Last team of upper half.
Case Studies
 Thank-You
Like | SHARE | Subscribe

YouTube.com/user/APpedia