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Design of RC Structure

The document discusses the design of singly reinforced concrete beams. It defines key terms like overall depth, effective depth, clear cover, effective cover, and neutral axis. It describes types of beam sections including balanced, under-reinforced, and over-reinforced sections. The procedure for the design of singly reinforced beams using the working stress method is outlined in 13 steps, including calculating loads and bending moments, determining the required effective depth, selecting bar diameter and number, checking shear, development length, and deflection requirements.

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Shantanu Basak
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68 views10 pages

Design of RC Structure

The document discusses the design of singly reinforced concrete beams. It defines key terms like overall depth, effective depth, clear cover, effective cover, and neutral axis. It describes types of beam sections including balanced, under-reinforced, and over-reinforced sections. The procedure for the design of singly reinforced beams using the working stress method is outlined in 13 steps, including calculating loads and bending moments, determining the required effective depth, selecting bar diameter and number, checking shear, development length, and deflection requirements.

Uploaded by

Shantanu Basak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SINGLY REINFORCED

BEAM SECTIONS

• DEPARTMENT - CE 3RD YEAR


• NAME - SHANTANU BASAK
• ROLL NO - 27901321032
• SUBJECT NAME – DESIGN OF RC STRUCTURES
.• SUBJECT CODE - CE(PC)501

IDEAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING


INTRODUCTION

A Beam is any structural member which resists


load mainly by bending. Therefore it is also
called flexural member. Beam may be singly
reinforced or doubly reinforced. When steel is
provided only in tensile zone (i.e. below neutral
axis) is called singly reinforced beam, but when
steel is provided in tension zone as well as
compression zone is called doubly reinforced
beam.
FEW DEFINITIONS
OVER ALL DEPTH :- The normal distance from the top edge of the beam to the
bottom edge of the beam is called over all depth. It is denoted by ‘D’.
EFFECTIVE DEPTH:- The normal distance from the top edge of beam to the
centre of tensile reinforcement is called effective depth. It is denoted by ‘d’.
CLEAR COVER:- The distance between the bottom of the bars and bottom most the
edge of the beam is called clear cover.
Clear cover = 25mm or dia of main bar, (which ever is greater).
EFFECTIVE COVER:- The distance between centre of tensile reinforcement and
the bottom edge of the beam is called effective cover. Effective cover = clear cover +
½ dia of bar.
NEUTRAL AXIS:- The layer / lamina where no stress exist is known as neutral axis.
It divides the beam section into two zones, compresion zone above the netural axis &
tension zone below the neutral axis.
DEPTH OF NETURAL AXIS:- The normal distance between the top edge of the
beam & neutral axis is called depth of netural axis. IT IS DENOTED BY ‘n’.

LEVER ARM:- The distance between the resultant compressive force (c) and tensile
force (t) is known as lever arm. It is denoted by ‘z’. The total compressive force (c) in
concrete act at the c.g. of compressive stress diagram i.e. n/3 from the compression
edge. The total tensile force (t) acts at c.g. of the reinforcement.
Lever arm = d-n/3
Types of beam section:- the beam section can be of the following types:
1.Balanced section
2.Unbalnced section
(A) Under-reinforced section
(B) Over-reinforced section
1.Balanced section:- a section is known as balanced section in which the
compressive stree in concrete (in compressive zones) and tensile stress in steel
will both reach the maximum permissible values simultaneously.
The neutral axis of balanced (or critical) section is known as critical neutral axis
(nc). The area of steel provided as economical area of steel. reinforced concrete
sections are designed as balanced sections.
2. Unbalnced section:-This is a section in which the quantity of steel provided is
different from what is required for the balanced section.
Unbalanced sections may be of the following two types:
(a) Under-reinforced section
(b) Over-reinforced section
(a)Under-reinforced section:-
If the area of steel provided is less than that required for balanced section, it is
known as under-reinforced section. Due to less reinforcement the position of
actual neutral axis (n) will shift above the critical neutral axis (nc)i.e. n< nc. In
under-reinforced section steel is fully stressed and concrete is under stressed (i.e.
some concrete remains un-utilised). Steel being ductile, takes some time to
break. This gives sufficient warning before the final collapse of the structure. For
this reason and from economy point of view the under-reinforced sections are
designed.

(b) Over-reinforced section:-


If the area of steel provided is more than that required for a balanced section, it is
known as over-reinforced section. As the area of steel provided is more, the
position of n.a. will shift towards steel, therefore actual axis (n) is below the
critical neutral axis (nc)i.e. n > nc. In this section concrete is fully stressed and
steel is under stressed. Under such conditions, the beam will fail initially due to
over stress in the concrete. Concrete being brittle, this happens suddenly and
explosively without any warning.
Procedure for Design of Singly Reinforced Beam by Working Stress Method
Given :
(i) Span of the beam (l)
(ii) Loads on the beam
(iii)Materials-Grade of Concrete and type of steel.
1. Calculate design constants for the given materials (k, j and R)
k = m σcbc / m σcbc + σst
where k is coefficient of depth of Neutral Axis
j = 1- k/3
where j is coefficient of lever arm.
R= 1/2 σcbc kj
where R is the resisting moment factor.
2. Assume dimension of beam:
d = Span/10 to Span/8
Effective cover = 40mm to 50mm
b = D/2 to 2/3D
3. Calculate the effective span (l) of the beam.
4. Calculate the self weight (dead load) of the beam.
Self weight = D x b x 25000 N/m
5. Calculate the total Load & maximum bending moment for the beam.
Total load (w) = live load + dead load
Maximum bending moment, M = wl2 / 8 at the centre of beam for simply supported beam.
M = wl2 / 2 at the support of beam for cantilever beam.
6. Find the minimum effective depth
M = Mr
= Rbd2
dreqd. = √ M / R.b

7. Compare dreqd. With assumed depth value.


(i) If it is less than the assumed d, then assumption is correct.
(ii) If dreqd. is more than assumed d, then revise the depth value and repeat steps 4, 5 &
6.
8. Calculate the area of steel required (Ast).
Ast = M / σst jd
Selecting the suitable diameter of bar calculate the number of bars required
Area of one bar = π/4 x φ2 = Aφ
No. of bars required = Ast /Aφ
9. Calculate minimum area of steel (AS) required by the relation:
AS = 0.85 bd / fy

Calculate maximum area of steel by the area relation:


Maximum area of steel = 0.04bD
Check that the actual ASt provided is more than minimum and less than maximum
requirements.
10. Check for shear and design shear reinforcement.
11. Check for development length.
12. Check for depth of beam from deflection.
13. Write summary of design and draw a neat sketch.

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