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Difference B/W: X86 & Y86 Processors

The document compares the x86 and Y86 processors. [1] The x86 architecture was initially developed by Intel based on the 8086 microprocessor and has become ubiquitous in personal computers and servers. [2] The Y86 instruction set architecture is simpler than x86, intended for educational purposes rather than full implementation, with instructions between 1-6 bytes and a simpler encoding than x86. [3] The main difference is that Y86 has fewer instructions and addressing modes than x86 and is designed to gently introduce assembly programming compared to the complex x86 architecture.

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Muhammad Talha
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578 views

Difference B/W: X86 & Y86 Processors

The document compares the x86 and Y86 processors. [1] The x86 architecture was initially developed by Intel based on the 8086 microprocessor and has become ubiquitous in personal computers and servers. [2] The Y86 instruction set architecture is simpler than x86, intended for educational purposes rather than full implementation, with instructions between 1-6 bytes and a simpler encoding than x86. [3] The main difference is that Y86 has fewer instructions and addressing modes than x86 and is designed to gently introduce assembly programming compared to the complex x86 architecture.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Talha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Difference B\w

X86 & Y86 Processors

Presented By : Muhammad Talha Yasin (Cu-1141-2020A)


X86
01 Processor
/x86 Architecture

• x86 is a family of instruction set architectures[a] initially developed


by Intel based on the Intel 8086 microprocessor and its 8088
variant.

• The 8086 was introduced in 1978 as a fully 16-bit extension of Intel's


8-bit 8080 microprocessor, with memory segmentation as a
solution for addressing more memory than can be covered by a
plain 16-bit address.

• The term "x86" came into being because the names of several
successors to Intel's 8086 processor end in "86", including the
80186, 80286, 80386 and 80486 processors.
/x86 Architecture

• In the 1980s and early 1990s, when the 8088 and 80286 were still
in common use, the term x86 usually represented any 8086-
compatible CPU.
• Today, however, x86 usually implies a binary compatibility also
with the 32-bit instruction set of the 80386.
• This is due to the fact that this instruction set has become
something of a lowest common denominator for many modern
operating systems and probably also because the term became
common after the introduction of the 80386 in 1985.A few years
after the introduction of the 8086 and 8088, Intel added some
complexity to its naming scheme and terminology as the "iAPX"
of the ambitious but ill-fated Intel iAPX 432 processor was tried
on the more successful 8086 family of chips, applied as a kind of
system-level prefix.
/x86 Architecture

• Although the 8086 was primarily developed for embedded


systems and small multi-user or single-user computers, largely as
a response to the successful 8080-compatible Zilog Z80,[9] the
x86 line soon grew in features and processing power.
• Today, x86 is ubiquitous in both stationary and portable personal
computers, and is also used in midrange computers,
workstations, servers, and most new supercomputer clusters of
the TOP500 list.
• A large amount of software, including a large list of x86 operating
systems are using x86-based hardware.
• Designed in 1978, x86 architecture was one of the first ISAs for
microprocessor-based computing.

• Additionally, other microprocessor manufacturers, like AMD


and VIA Technologies, have adopted the x86 architecture.
/x86 Architecture

• Modern x86 is relatively uncommon in embedded


systems, however, and small low power applications (using tiny
batteries), and low-cost microprocessor markets, such as home
appliances and toys, lack significant x86 presence.[h] Simple 8-
and 16-bit based architectures are common here, although the
x86-compatible VIA C7, VIA Nano, AMD's Geode, Athlon Neo and
Intel Atom are examples of 32- and 64-bit designs used
in some relatively low-power and low-cost segments.
• The term is not synonymous with IBM PC compatibility, as this
implies a multitude of other computer hardware.

• Embedded systems and general-purpose computers used x86


chips before the PC-compatible market started, some of them
before the IBM PC (1981) debut.
Y86
02 Processor
/Y86 Architecture

• The Y86 instruction-set architecture is not intended to be a full


processor implementation, but rather to provide the starting
point for a working model of how microprocessors are designed
and implemented, and, so, the architecture is quite simple.
• In the Y86 instruction-set architecture, instruction encoding
results in instructions that are between 1 and 6 bytes long,
depending on which instruction fields are required.
• Instructions consists of an initial byte, identifying the
instruction, an optional register specifier byte, and an option
four-byte constant word.
• In the instruction encoding, integers have a little-endian
encoding, where bytes appear in reverse order.
/Y86 Architecture

● Y86 Instruction Set Architecture


● Similar state and instructions as IA32
● Simpler encodings
● Somewhere between CISC and RISC
● How Important is ISA Design?
● Less now than before
● With enough hardware, can make almost anything go fast
● Intel has evolved from IA32 to x86-64
● Uses 64-bit words (including addresses)
● Adopted some features found in RISC
● More registers (16)
● Less reliance on stack
/Y86 Instructions

● • Format
● • 1–6 bytes of information read from memory
● • Can determine instruction length from first byte
● • Not as many instruction types, and simpler encoding
than with
● IA32
● • Each accesses and modifies some part(s) of the program state
Encoding Registers

● • Each register has 4-bit ID


● • Same encoding as in IA32
● • Register ID 15 (0xF) indicates “no register”
● • Will use this in our hardware design in multiple places
Main Difference in X86 & Y86

The Y86 is a “toy” machine that is similar to the x86 but much
simpler. It is a gentler introduction to assembly level programming
than the x86.

● just a few instructions as opposed


● to hundreds for the x86;
● fewer addressing modes;
● simpler system state;
● absolute addressing.

Everything you learn about the Y86 will apply to the x86 with very
little modification.
Thank You!
Any Question?

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