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Transportation - Life Processes Class 10 Notes: Transportation in Human Beings: The Circulatory System Is Responsible For

The document summarizes transportation in human beings and plants. In human beings, the circulatory system transports substances around the body using blood, heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart pumps blood which carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste via the network of blood vessels. In plants, xylem transports water and minerals upwards from roots to leaves via transpiration pull while phloem transports food from leaves to other plant parts.

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13K views

Transportation - Life Processes Class 10 Notes: Transportation in Human Beings: The Circulatory System Is Responsible For

The document summarizes transportation in human beings and plants. In human beings, the circulatory system transports substances around the body using blood, heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart pumps blood which carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste via the network of blood vessels. In plants, xylem transports water and minerals upwards from roots to leaves via transpiration pull while phloem transports food from leaves to other plant parts.

Uploaded by

Geetanjali jadhav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transportation – Life Processes Class 10 Notes

Circulatory system of human being, transportation in plants. Human beings like other
multicellular organism need a regular supply of foods, oxygen etc. This function is
performed by a circulatory system or transport system.

Transportation in Human Beings: The circulatory system is responsible for


transport of various substances in human beings. It is composed of the heart,
arteries, veins and blood capillaries. Blood plays the role of the carrier of substances.

1. Heart: Heart is a muscular organ, which is composed of cardiac muscles.

 It is so small that, it can fit inside an adult’s wrist. The heart is a pumping organ
which pumps the blood.
 The human heart is composed of four chambers, viz. right atrium, right
ventricle, left ventricle and left atrium.
 Systole: Contraction of cardiac muscles is called systole.
 Diastole: Relaxation of cardiac muscles is called diastole.

2. Arteries:

 These are thick-walled blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood from the
heart to different organs.
 Pulmonary arteries are exceptions because they carry deoxygenated blood
from the heart to lungs, where oxygenation of blood takes place.

3. Veins:

 These are thin-walled blood vessels which carry deoxygenated blood from
different organs to the heart, pulmonary veins are exceptions because they
carry oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart.
 Valves are present in veins to prevent back flow of blood.
4. Capillaries: These are the blood vessels which have single-celled walls.

Blood: Blood is a connective tissue which plays the role of the carrier for various
substances in the body. Blood is composed of 1. Plasma 2. Blood cells 3. Platelets.

 Blood plasma: Blood plasma is a pale coloured liquid which is mostly


composed of water. Blood plasma forms the matrix of blood.
 Bloods cells: There are two types of blood cells, viz. Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
and White Blood Cells (WBCs).
(a) Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs): These are of red colour because of the
presence of haemoglobin which is a pigment. Haemoglobin readily combines
with oxygen and carbon dioxide. The transport of oxygen happens through
haemoglobin. Some part of carbon dioxide is also transported through
haemoglobin.
(b) White Blood Corpuscles (WBCs): These are of pale white colour. They play
important role in the immunity.
 Platelets: Platelets are responsible for blood coagulation. Blood coagulation is
a defense mechanism which prevents excess loss of blood, in case of an
injury.

Lymph:
 Lymph is similar to blood but RBCs are absent in lymph.
 Lymph is formed from the fluid which leaks from blood capillaries and goes to
the intercellular space in the tissues. This fluid is collected through lymph
vessels and finally return to the blood capillaries.
 Lymph also plays an important role in the immune system.
 Lymph a yellowish fluids escape from the blood capillaries into the intercellular
spaces contain less proteins than blood.
 Lymph flows from the tissues to the heart assisting in transportation and
destroying germs.

Double circulation: In the human heart, blood passes through the heart twice in
one cardiac cycle. This type of circulation is called double circulation. One complete
heartbeat in which all the chambers of the heart contract and relax once is called
cardiac cycle. The heart beats about 72 times per minute in a normal adult. In one
cardiac cycle, the heart pumps out 70 mL blood and thus, about 4900 mL blood in a
minute. Double circulation ensures complete segregation of oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood which is necessary for optimum energy production in warm-
blooded animals.

Transportation in plants: Plants have specialized vascular tissues for


transportation of substances. There are two types of vascular tissues in plants.

 Xylem: Xylem is responsible for transportation of water and minerals. It is


composed of tracheid’s, xylem vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibre.
Tracheid’s and xylem vessels are the conducting elements. The xylem makes
a continuous tube in plants which runs from roots to stem and right up to the
veins of leaves.
 Carry water and minerals from the leaves to the other part of the plant.
 Phloem: Phloem is responsible for transportation of food. Phloem is composed
of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibers. Sieve
tubes are the conducting elements in phloem.
 Carries product of photosynthesis from roots to other part of the plant.
Transportation in plants

Ascent of sap: The upward movement of water and minerals from roots to different
plant parts is called ascent of sap. Many factors are at play in ascent of sap and it
takes place in many steps. They are explained as follows :

 Root pressure: The walls of cells of root hairs are very thin. Water from soil
enters the root hairs because of osmosis. Root pressure is responsible for
movement of water up to the base of the stem.
 Capillary action: A very fine tube is called capillaiy, water, or any liquid, rises in
the capillary because of physical forces and this phenomenon is called
capillary action. Water, in stem, rises up to some height because of capillaiy
action.
 Adhesion-cohesion of water molecules: Water molecules make a continuous
column in the xylem because of forces of adhesion and cohesion among the
molecules.
 Transpiration pull: Loss of water vapour through stomata and lenticels, in
plants, is called transpiration. Transpiration through stomata creates vacuum
which creates a suction, called transpiration pull. The transpiration pull sucks
the water column from the xylem tubes and thus, water is able to rise to great
heights in even the tallest plants.
 Transport of food: Transport of food in plants happens because of utilization
of energy. Thus, unlike the transport through xylem, it is a form of active
transport. Moreover, the flow of substances through phloem takes place in both
directions, i.e., it is a two-way traffic in phloem.
Transpiration is the process of loss of water as vapour from aerial parts of the
plant.

Functions

 Absorption and upward movement of water and minerals by creating pull.


 Helps in temperature regulation in plant.

Transport of food from leaves (food factory) to different parts of the plant is called
Translocation.

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