lOMoARcPSD|15388534

Machine Design - Springs

Mechanical Engineering (University of San Carlos)

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TORDILLO ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW SPRINGS

LECTURE EXAMPLES (Springs): 7. An elevator is designed to travel a height of 4.5 meters when C. Compressed length D. closely coiled height 12. A spring has a rate of 30 kN/m. If the wire diameter is 10 mm
1. It is a type of service in spring design for a load application of loaded will have a maximum gross weight of 250 kg. A coil spring and the spring index is 7, determine the number of active coils.
about 500,000 times. is provided below to absorb shock in the event that the elevator 3. The greater stress to consider in a helical coil spring. Use G = 80GPa.
A. Light service C. Average service should fall freely because of sudden breakage of the wire rope A. Transverse stress B. Direct stress A. 8.6 coils B. 7.5 coils
B. Severe D. Heavy service carrying it. If the coil spring will be deflected to 50 cm, if the C. Torsional stress* D. Simple stress C. 9.71 coils* D. 10.6 coils
elevator should accidentally fall and it hit the spring from its
2. The best proportioned springs have an index of maximum height of travel, determine the following: 4. Which is not a type of spring service? 13. All four compression coil spring support a load of 400 kg. The
A. 5 trough 7 C. 9 through 11 a. Wire diameter A. Light service B. Medium service* springs are arranged in parallel and have a uniform rate of 0.709
B. 7 through 9 D. Below 5 b. Mean coil diameter C. Average service D. Severe Service kg/mm. Compute deflection in mm.
c. Number of active coils 5. It is a type of service in spring design for a load application of A. 564 B. 1457
3. Compute the deflection of a 20 coils helical spring having a about 500,000 times. C. 171 D. 141*
load of 140 kg. The modulus of elasticity in shear of spring is 98 NOTE: Use spring index of 9.5 and assume maximum induced A. light service B. Average service* 14. Three extension springs are hooked in series and support a
GPa, OD of 100 mm and with diameter of 10 mm. The spring is stress and shear modulus of elasticity to be 4500 kg/cm2 and C. Severe D. Heavy service weight of 70 kg. One spring has a rate of 0.209 kg/mm and the
squared and ground ends. 900,500 kg/cm2, respectively. other two have equal spring rate of 0.643 kg/mm. Find the
A. 90 mm C. 117 mm 6. The best proportioned springs have an index of deflection.
B. 171 mm D. 147 mm 8. A three extension coil springs are hooked in series that A. 5 through 7 B. 7 through 9* A. 243mm B. 444mm
support a single weight of 300 kgs. The first and second springs C. 9 through 11 D. Below 5 C. 553mm* D. 286mm
4. A Mercedes Benz gas engine valve spring is to have a mean are rated at 0.600 kg/mm and the third is rated at 0.85 kg/mm.
diameter of 3.81 cm. The maximum load it will have to sustain is Compute the total deflection. 7. This is the most widely used of all spring materials for small 15. It is found that a load of 50 lb in an extension spring produces
45.45 kg with corresponding deflection of 1.27 cm. The spring is springs operating at temperatures up to about 250 degrees F. It a deflection of 8.5”. What load deflects the spring by 2.5”
to be made of tempered steel wire. Since the material is to be 9. All three compression coil spring support one load of 700 kg. is tough, has a high tensile strength, and can withstand high A. 18.21 lb B. 14.71 lb*
subjected to repeated loading, and fatigue must be considered, a All four springs are arranged in parallel and rated same at 0.845 stresses under repeated loading. The material is readily available C. 20.81 lb D. 22.61 lb
low working stress of 2820 kg/sq.cm. will be used. Make any kg/mm. Compute the deflection in mm. in round from in diameters ranging from 0.005 to 0.125 inch and
assumption if needed. Determine: in some larger sizes up to 3/16 inch. 16. A spring sustains 200 ft-lb of energy with a deflection of 3”.
a) the size of wire 10. A semi-elliptical automobile spring 1.5 m long is made of ten A. Music wire* B. Oil tempered wire Assume that the mean coil diameter is 7 times the wire diameter
b) the number of coils to be used leaves, two of which are full-lengths, 60 mm wide each. It carries C. Monel D. Inconel and that the allowable stress is 100 ksi. Determine the wire
a load of 8000 N. What is the required thickness of each leaf if diameter.
5. An engine valve spring having 12 coils has the ends squared the deflection is 70 mm? 8. The spring index of a spring is 4.5. Determine the stress A. 0.642 in. B. 0.348 in.
and ground. The outside diameter of the coil is 110 mm and the concentration factor due to curvature of coil? C. 0.482 in. D. 0.588 in. *
wire diameter is 11 mm. It has a free length of 180 mm. 11. From the previous problem, determine the induced stress of A. 1.21* B. 1.46
Determine: the spring. C. 1.35 D. 2.63 17. A large coil spring whose spring constant is k = 1.75 N/m is
(a) The length of the wire to which this spring must be initially elongated within the elastic range by 305 mm. The stored energy
compressed to hold boiler pressure of 1.01 MPa on the valve 12. A 35 in. long cantilever spring is composed of 8 graduated 9. A spring has a load of 50 lb with a spring index of 8. If the in N-m is nearest to:
seat of 4 cm diameter. Modulus of rigidity is taken as G = 82 leaves and one extra full length leaf. The leaves are 1 3/4 in. induced stress is 90 ksi, determine the wire diameter. A. 13.56 B. 81.36*
GN/m2. wide. A load of 500 lb at the end of the spring causes a deflection A. 0.116 in. * B. 0.182 in. C. 54.24 D. 108.48
(b) Find the spring stress if it is compressed to its solid length. of 3 in. Determine the thickness of the leaves and the maximum C. 0.252 in. D. 0.220 in
bending stress in the full length leaf assuming first that the extra 18. A safety valve spring having 7.5 effective coils has the ends
6. The smaller of two concentric helical springs is made of 20 full length leaf has been pre-stressed to give the same stress in 10. A spring with squared and ground ends has a pitch of 20 mm squared and ground. The outside diameter of the coil is 115 mm
mm diameter steel spring and has an outside diameter of 105 all the leaves, and then determine the stress in the full extra and a diameter of 12.5 mm. If there are 12 actual number of and the wire diameter is 13 mm. It has a free length of 203 mm.
mm with 12 active coils. The outer is made of 30 mm steel length leaf assuming no pre-stress. coils, determine the deflection of the spring at solid height. Determine the length of the wire to which this spring must be
spring and has an outside diameter of 260 mm with 10 active A. 85 mm B. 95 mm initially compressed to hold the boiler pressure of 1.38 MPa on a
coils. Before the load is applied, the outer spring is 20 mm PRACTICE PROBLEMS: C. 75 mm* D. 65 mm valve seat of 32 mm diameter. The modulus of elasticity of the
longer than the inner spring. Use G = 82 GN/m2. If the load of 1. How long a wire is needed to coil a spring having a mean coil spring wire is taken as 80 GPa.
110 kN is applied to this nest of springs, diameter of 1 inch if there are 8 active coils? 11. A spring has a wire diameter of 25 mm with 12 active coils. If A. 152 mm B. 172 mm*
a) Find the spring rate of each spring. A. 52.13 in. B. 36.4 in. a load of 10 kN is applied, it deflects by 75mm. Determine the C. 164 mm D. 156 mm
b) Find the load carried by the outer spring. C. 25.13 in. * D. 42.5 in. mean diameter of the spring. Take G = 80 G N/m2.
A. 124.6 mm B. 142.6 mm 19. In the above problem, determine the spring’s stress if it is
2. This is the over-all length of a coil spring when it is compressed C. 128.2 mm D. 134.7 mm* compressed to its solid height.
until all adjacent coils touch. A. 213 MPa B. 401 MPa*
A. Solid height* B. Free length C. 350 MPa D. 375 MPa

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TORDILLO ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW SPRINGS

20. The smaller of two concentric helical springs is made of a C. 4.1 D. 2.1* 44. It is determined experimentally that a load of 20 kg applied
22mm diameter steel spring and has an outside diameter of 100 36. The spiral form of spring wound constant oil diameter and to an extension coil spring provides a deflection of 200mm. What
mm with 10 active coils. The outer spring is made of a 32 mm 28. In the same problem above, what is the maximum induced uniform pitch. load will deflect the spring by 60mm?
steel spring and has an outer diameter of 250 mm with 8 active stress when the spring is compressed solid? A. toroid B. helix* A. 4kg B. 5kg
coils. Shear modulus I 80 GPa for both springs. Before the load is A. 351 MPa* B. 382 MPa C. Hypocycloid D. cycloid C. 6kg* D. 7kg
applied, the outer spring is 25 mm longer than the inner spring. C. 425 MPa D. 252 MPa
Determine the spring rate of the inner spring. 37. The load on a helical spring is 1600 lb and the corresponding 45. A spring with plain ends has 15 active coils, a wire diameter
A. 493.8 N/mm* B. 126.5 N/mm 29. A crate of mass 1800 kg at a speed 1.2 m/s is brought to rest deflection is to be 4 inches. Rigidity modulus is 11 x 106psi and of 6mm and a mean coil diameter of 70 mm. If its spring modulus
C. 254.3 N/mm D. 365.2 N/mm by two steel helical compression springs. In stopping the crate, the maximum intensity of safe shear stress is 60,000 psi. If the is 100kN/m, determine the solid force. Spring’s force length is
the springs are compressed by 200 mm. spring index is 6 and the wire diameter and the mean diameter are 0.625 in. and 3 in., 276mm.
21. In the above problem, determine the spring modulus of the allowable stress is 360 MPa on each spring. Determine the load respectively, determine the number of active coils. A. 21 kN B. 18 kN*
outer spring. on each spring. A. 15.5 B. 19.5* C. 15 kN D. 16 kN
A. 493.8 N/mm B. 126.5 N/mm* A. 5620 N B. 3450 N C. 11.5 D. 13.5
C. 254.3 N/mm D. 365.2 N/mm C. 6480 N* D. 4360 N 46. A spring with a squared and ground ends has a free length of
38. A spring with 12 active coils and an index of 9 supports a 250mm. There are 8 active coils with a wire diameter of 12.5mm.
22. If a load of 90 Kn is applied to the nest of springs in the 30. In the above problem, determine the spring wire diameter. static load of 220 N with a deflection of 12 mm. The shear If the spring rate is 150 kN/m and the mean coil diameter is 100
above problem, determine the percentage of load carried by the A. 20.60 mm B. 12.25 mm modulus of the spring material is 83 GPa. What is the theoretical mm, determine the spring’s solid stress.
inner spring. C. 18.56 mm* D. 24.00 mm wire diameter? A. 2504.2MPa B. 2200MPa
A. 23.3% B. 76.8%* A. 14 mm B. 16 mm* C. 2894.4MPa* D. 2604.8MPa
C. 43.5% D. 55% 31. In the same problem above, determine the required number C. 18 mm D. 20 mm
of active coils. 47. A concentric helical spring is used to support a load of 9 kN.
23. A weight of 100 lb strikes a coil spring from a height of 18 A. 26.25 coils* B. 18.50 coils 39. Four compression coil springs, arranged in parallel, support a The inner spring has rate of 495.8 N/m and the outer spring has
inches and deflects the springs by 6 inches. Find the maximum C. 30.25 coils D. 20.50 load of 360 kg. Each spring has a gradient of 0.717 kg/mm. Find 126.5 N/m. If initially the inner spring is 2.5 mm shorter than the
force applied to the spring. the overall deformation. outer spring, find the percentage of load carried by the linear
A. 600 lb B. 750 lb 32. A mass weighing 12 kg falls a distance of 1.52 m from the A. 104.54mm B. 162.2mm spring after the load is applied.
C. 800 lb* D. 900 lb unsupported end of a vertical helical spring having a spring C. 125.5mm* D. 132.6mm A. 76.87%* B. 52.54%
constant of 3.5 N/m. What will be the velocity of the mass after C. 62.5% D. 68.2%
24. A spring is designed to fire a 2 kg projectile. The outside it has compressed the spring by 203.2 mm? 40. A helical spring of rate 10 N/m is mounted on top of another
diameter of the coil is 160 mm with an 18 mm wire and a total A. 4.7 m/s* B. 4.7 mm/s spring of rate 7 N/m. Find the force required to give a total 48. A height of 3.56 kN falls freely from a distant of 101.6 cm
number of coils of 22, with squared and ground ends. The C. 7.4 m/s D. 7.4 mm/s deflection of 50 mm. above the free end of a spring then stikes and deflects the spring
springs has a free length of 650 mm. When set or loaded the A. 350.88 N B. 850.8 N by 254 mm. The maximum induced stress is 344.74 MPa and the
spring is compressed to a length of 450 mm. The shear elastic 33. The spring assembly of a Japanese dump truck is made of 13 C. 205.88 N* D. 502.8 N shear modulus of elasticity is assumed to be 82.74 GPa. Take the
limit of the spring material is 850 MPa with a shear modulus of leaves. Each leaf is 22mm thick and 80 mm wide. The eyes spring index to be 7. Find the spring wire diameter.
elasticity of 82 GN/m2. Determine the spring modulus. center-to-center distance is 1.5 m. The first two leaves are full 41. Two extension springs are hooked in series and support a A. 47.24 mm* B. 54.25 mm
A. 18.8 N/mm* B. 21.8 N/mm and the others are graduated in length. U-bolts placed 30 cm load of 445 N. One spring has a constant of 8.75 N/m and other C. 34.26 mm D. 25.25 mm
C. 32.5 N/mm D. 16.5 N/mm apart clamped the leaves together. A total weight of 72 KN is 17.52 N/m. What is the deflection of the load?
equally shared by the four wheels, as well as the supporting A. 56.4mm B. 85.4mm 49. In the above problem, determine the number of active coils.
25. In the above problem, determine the vertical height to which eyes. The spring material has an E = 207 Gpa. Determine the C. 76.2mm* D. 65.5mm A. 11.75 B. 10.25*
the projectile may be fixed. maximum stress. C. 12 D. 13
A. 19.23m B. 18.95m* A. 89.6 MPa* B. 120.4 MPa 42. In the above problem, if the springs were placed in parallel
C. 17.23.m D. 20.3m C. 156.4 MPa D. 240.3 MPa what would be the deflection? 50. A 22-coil spring is designed to fire a 10-lb projectile into the
A. 18.8mm B. 20.4mm air. The spring has a 6-in mean coil diameter with a 0.75-in
26. In the above problem, determine the induced stress when 34. In the above problem, determine the deflection of the spring. C. 22.4mm D. 16.94mm* diameter. It is compressed by 8 inches when set or loaded. The
the spring is set or loaded. A. 4.72 mm* B. 5.26 mm shear modulus of elasticity is 12 x 106 psi. Determine the height
A. 185 MPa B. 194 MPa C. 6.52 mm D. 8.65 mm 43. An extension coil spring is to elongate by 5” under a load of above spring’s free end to which the projectile will be fired.
C. 276 MPa* D. 130 MPa 50 lb. What is the spring rate? A. 411.5 in. B. 235.2 in.
35. How long a wire is needed to make a helical spring having a A. 5 lb/in B. 101 lb/in C. 311.6 in. * D. 186.1 in.
27. In the above problem, determine the factor of safety when mean coil diameter of 20 mm if there are five coils used? C. 10 lb/in* D. 20 lb/in
the spring is set or loaded. A. 314.2 mm* B. 341.4 mm 51. From the above problem, determine the spring’s stress when
A. 3.1 B. 5.1 C. 144.2 mm D. 134.4 mm set or loaded.

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TORDILLO ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW SPRINGS

A. 23,125 psi B. 18,123 psi elasticity of the spring material is shear is 96.62 GPa. The outside rigidity is 80 GPa and the mean radius is to be 23 mm, with 7 mm NOTE: Since the engine for which this valve is to be used will
C. 42,225 psi D. 34,262 psi* diameter is 9.256 cm and the wire diameter is 9.525 mm. pitch of the spring. operate intermittently and since failure of the spring would not
A. 9 cm* B. 101 mm A. 6.5 coils C. 8.5 coils * have serious consequencies, the design stress may be assumed
52. From the same problem above, determine the factor of C. 11 mm D. 14 mm B. 7.5 coils D. 9.5 coils as about 25 percent in excess of the recommendations on spring
safety of the spring if the shear elastic limit is 85,000 psi. design stress tables.
A. 4.28 B. 2.48 60. Steel spring are made of high carbon steel and are heat 67. A three extension coil springs are hooked in series that Use sw = 87,500 psi.
C. 3.25 D. 1.86 treated and/or cold worked to a high elastic limit to get a good support a single weight of 100 kgs. The first spring is rated at Answers:
elastic deflection. It general, the carbon content is at ________. 0.400 kg/mm and the other 2 lower springs is rated at 0.64 d = diameter of wire = 0.1055 in.
53. A helical spring having squared and ground ends has a total A. 0.40% or more B. 0.65% or more kg/mm. Compute the total deflection. Dm = mean diameter of coil = 1.055 in.
of 18 coils and its material has a modulus of elasticity for shear C. 0.50% or more* D. 0.66% or more A. 563 mm * C. 268 mm Do = outside diameter of coil = 1.1605 in.
of 78.91 GPa. If the spring has an outside diameter of 1042 cm B. 156 mm D. 250 mm Di = inside diameter of coil = 1.055 – 0.1055 = 0.9495 in.
and a wire of 0.625 cm, compute the maximum deflection that 61. All four compression coil springs support a load of 400 kg. FL = free length of coil = 1.864 in.
can be produced in the spring by a load of 50 kg. The four springs are arranged in parallel and rated at 0.709 68. A spring with 12 active coils and a spring index of 9 supports n = 4.6 active coils = 6.6 actual coils p = pitch = 0.36 in.
A. 302 mm B. 342 mm kg/mm each. Compute the deflection in mm. a static load of 220 N with a deflection of 12 mm. The shear
C. 490 mm* D. 322 mm A. 564 mm B. 1457 mm modulus of the spring material is 83 Gpa. What is the theoretical
C. 171 mm D. 141 mm* wire diameter?
54. A high-alloy spring with squared and ground ends has a total A. 18 mm C. 14 mm
of 16 coils and a modulus of elasticity in shear of 85 GPa. 62. A body weighing 1000 lb falls from a height of 6 in. and B. 16 mm * D. 20 mm
Compute the Wahl’s factor. The spring’s outside diameter is 9.66 strikes a 2000 lb/in. spring. The deformation of the spring is
cm and its wire diameter is 0.65 cm. _____inches. 69. A helical compression spring has a scale of 400 lbs/inch, an
A. 1.058 B. 1.10* A. 2 B. 4 inside diameter of 2.5 inches, a free length of 8 inches and with
C. 1.185 D. 1.20 C. 3* D. 5 squared and ground ends. Material is to be chrome vanadium
steel. For a load, P, of 750 pounds, and for average service,
55. An elastic body whose primary function is to deflect under 63. Compute the deflection of a 18 coils helical spring having a determine:
load. load of 100 kg. The modulus of elasticity in shear of spring is 1. standard size wire diameter (ans. d = 0.5 in)
A. clutch B. stopper 96.62 GPa, OD of 9.256 cm and with diameter of 9.525 mm. The 2. number of active coils (ans. 7.81 active coils)
C. brake D. spring* spring is squared and ground ends. 3. the solid height (ans. 4.906 in)
A. 9 mm C. 11 mm 4. the stress at solid height (ans. 94.735 psi)
56. Steel spring material is usually hardened to 400 to 500 BHN B. 101 mm * D. 14 mm Use sw = working stress = 63,000 psi
and the carbon content is in the range of ____. G = 10,800,000 psi
A. 0.5 to 0.9%* B. All of these 64. A high alloy spring having squared and ground ands and has
C. 0.45 to 0.48% D. 0.96 to 0.97% a total of 16 coils and modulus of elasticity in shear of 85 GPa. 70. The large diameter and face of the disk of a multiple disk
Compute the Wahl factor. The spring outside diameter is 9.66 clutch are 255 mm and 25 mm respectively. The helical
57. Three extension coil springs are hooked in series and cm and wire diameter is 0.65 cm. compression spring used to engage the clutch has 9 ½ effective
support a single weight of 100 kg. The first spring is rated at A. 1.058 * C. 1.185 coils of 10 mm steel wire. The outer coil diameter is 80 mm. The
0.400 kg/mm and the other two lower springs are rated at 0.64 B. 1.10 D. 1.20 free length of the spring is 185 mm. When in place with clutch
kg/mm each. Compute the total deflection. engaged, its length is 130 mm. Assuming that there are 10 pairs
A. 563 mm* B. 268 mm 65. A helical spring having squared and ground ends has a total of friction surface in contact, that the motor runs at 1200 rpm,
C. 156 mm D. 250 mm of 18 coils and its material has modulus of elasticity in shear of with coefficient of friction on contact surface f = 0.15, determine:
78.910 GPa. If the spring has an outside diameter of 10.42 cm (a) Axial force available for the clutch (ans. 1,688 N)
58. Compute the maximum deflection of a 20-coil helical spring and a wire diameter of 0.625 cm, compute the maximum (b) KW power that the clutch can transmit (36.694 kw)
under a load of 75 kg. The spring has squared and ground ends deflection that can be produced in the spring due to a load of 50 Use G = 80 GN/m2 spring modulus)
with a modulus of elasticity in shear of 79.84 GPa. Springs coil’s kgs.
outside diameter is 101.6 mm and the wire diameter is 9.525 A. 302 mm C. 490 mm * 71. A helical valve spring is to be designed for an operating
mm. B. 342 mm D. 322 mm range of approximately 20 to 30 lbs, that is 20 lb when the valve
A. 140.7 mm B. 112.7 mm is closed and 30 lb when open. The deflection of the spring
C. 15.17 mm D. 126.7 mm* 66. A coiled spring with 5 cm of outside diameter is required to (valve lift) in the above load range is to be about 0.3 in.
work under the load of 190 N. The wire diameter is 5 mm, the Assuming severe service and a spring index of 10, determine the
59. Compute the deflection of an 18-coil helical spring with spring is to have 6 active coils and the ends are to be closed and size of wire, size and number of coils, and pitch you would
squared and ground ends under a load of 100 kg. The modulus of ground. Determine the total number of coils. The modulus of recommend.

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