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Basic Components of Relay

Numerical relays have several advantages over electromechanical relays including more compact size due to fewer components, flexibility to modify protection features through software customization, improved reliability from fewer interconnections, and ability to accommodate multiple relay characteristics and provide better compatible protection. Numerical relays also enable communication capabilities, data storage of fault information, self-diagnosis and auto-reset features.

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88 views

Basic Components of Relay

Numerical relays have several advantages over electromechanical relays including more compact size due to fewer components, flexibility to modify protection features through software customization, improved reliability from fewer interconnections, and ability to accommodate multiple relay characteristics and provide better compatible protection. Numerical relays also enable communication capabilities, data storage of fault information, self-diagnosis and auto-reset features.

Uploaded by

rajavgr243
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advantages of Numerical Relay:

1. Compact Size :In the case of electromechanical relay, there is a need for
mechanical comparison devices. This amounts for the bulky size of the relay.
Then, there is a need for a flag system for activation confirmation of relay.
2. As opposed to this, the numerical relay relies on one system for all approach and
use indication on LCD for relay activation, ensuring less space.
3. An important fact to note is that digital protection can be made physically smaller.
This is on the account that it needs less panel wiring than equivalent functions
implemented using analog tech.
4. Flexibility:Since the numerical relay system relies on software, customized
modifications can be made for getting the desired protection features. This saves
you the cost of replacing hardware.
5. Reliability: One basic problem with electromechanical relays is that because of
larger components and mass interconnection, component non reliability can be an
issue. In the case of numerical relays, fewer interconnections ensure reliability.
6. Multiple relay characteristics: The range of operation of traditional models is
narrow while numerical relays are diverse and evolution adaptable. This property
of multitasking is further strengthened on the account that the numerical system
can accommodate different types of relay characteristics.
7. Since, it is possible to provide better compatible protection characteristics, the
efficiency improves. This is achieved with the memory save feature in the
microprocessor.
8. Communication capacity: Among the most significant advantages of a numerical
relays is its ability to cater to digital communication. An interface is added which
brings microprocessor based relay property. Substation LAN coupled with fiber
optics complete the communication capacity.
9. The property is directly linked to the data history feature of the numerical relay
system. Because of data storage systems, the availability of fault data and
disturbance record can be made. This helps in finding the
nature/magnitude/duration of the fault.
10. Auto reset:It has also been highlighted how the system is flexible. In addition to
this, it also has the feature of auto resetting and self-diagnosis.
11. As opposed to numerical relay systems, electromechanical systems do not have the
ability to check if normal condition has been attained once activated. The
self-diagnose and self-reset features provide less dependence on operating
personnel.
12. Related benefits: Apart from the mainstream benefits that have been provided
above, there are other ones too. For instance, there is a modular frame in the
numerical relay system which allows ease of service.
13. Then the benefit of using microprocessor based relays in the numerical system is
that it gives minimum burden on the instrument transformers. The sensitivity of
the system is pretty nifty and boasts a high pickup ratio.
14. Based on the information provided above, the end user can clearly see how
numerical relay systems would better protect their devices than the conventional
ones. The advantageous features highlight why they are a cost effective option.

Basic components of a digital relay:


Any digital relay can be thought of as comprising three fundamental sub-systems :
(i) a signal conditioning subsystem
(ii) a conversion subsystem
(iii) a digital processing relay subsystem.
The first two subsystems are generally common to all digital protective schemes, while
the third varies according to the application of a particular scheme. Each of the three
subsystems is built up of a number of components and circuits, as discussed in detail in
the following sections.

Signal Conditioning Subsystem:


● Transducers
● Surge Protection Circuits
● Analogue filtering : figure shows characteristics of Low pass filter (a) Ideal filter
response (b) Practical filter response
● Analogue Multiplexer
● Analog to Digital conversion: Basics of simple digital-to-analogue converter
arrangement shown in figure.

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