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English
Quarter 4 – Module 2:
Writing Paragraphs Showing-Cause and Effect

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Marites S. Agasa
Editor: Anna Lee A. Lampa
Reviewer: June D. Cunanan, EPS-I, English
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Froilan Isip
Management Team: SDS Zenia G. Mostoles, EdD, CESO V
ASDS Leonardo C. Canlas, EdD, CESE
ASDS Rowena T. Quiambao, CESE
CID Chief, Celia R. Lacanlale, PhD
SGOD Chief, Arceli S. Lopez, PhD
June D. Cunanan, EPS-I, English
Ruby M. Jimenez, EPS-I, LRMDS

Published by the Department of Education, Schools Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando,
Pampanga
Telephone No: (045) 435-2728
E-mail Address: [email protected]

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Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the English Grade 5 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Writing
Paragraphs Showing - Cause and Effect!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from public
institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards
set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the English Grade 5 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Writing
Paragraphs Showing - Cause and Effect!

One of the four essential skills a learner like you should develop is writing. It is venue for
anyone to apply communication skills. It is a means to express your thoughts. You as a
learner should focus intently in discovering techniques and steps in writing a paragraph on
cause and effect. It is up to your willingness and diligence that you can succeed in these
tasks.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

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 What I Need to Know

This module will assist you in encouraging the learners to write paragraphs
showing - cause and effect.
Please help the learners in sharing their ideas and knowledge from their
experiences so that there will be collaboration and learning will be easy.
Answers are written at the back of this module. Inculcate to the learners the
value of honesty while answering this module.
For the learner

Many things happen around us. In every event, there is always a reason
behind. For every action, there is a result or outcome.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. write a paragraph showing-cause and effect;
2. identify cause and effect; and
3. distinguish cause and effect sentence.

What I Know
Match each cause on the left with an effect on the right. Write the letter on the
blank provided.
Cause Effect

_______1. Baby Lisa began to cry. a. She played in the sand.

_______2. It was raining outside. b. He got a stomachache.
_______3. The phone rang. c. She fell and scraped her knee.

_______4. Nena plants seeds in the garden. d. She answered the call.
_______5. Robert ate too many jellybeans. e. She won her soccer game.
_______6. Caren practiced kicking the ball. f. I shoveled the driveway.

_______7. Lee’s mom took her to the beach. g. Flowers began to grow.
_______8. Tyler was hungry. h. We couldn’t get in the car.
_______9. It snowed outside. i. We pulled out an umbrella.

______10. Mom locked the car door. j. He ate a slice of cake.

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Lesson
Writing Paragraphs Showing - Cause and
2 Effect

Writing is a means through which one can express his/her thoughts and emotions.
Showing why things happen and how an action or situation will result to can clearly
be shown through writing.
The use of transition, conjunctions and prepositions will help clearly weave a nice
cause-and-effect paragraph.

What’s In
Read the following short selection. Then answer the questions that follow.

Never Lie
Adapted from Bedtime Stories.com

Adam had learned from his friends that lying is

the easiest way out of any situation. So, he became
fond of lying and enjoyed telling small lies. When his
parents caught him and warned him against telling
lies, he shrugged them off, saying. Lies never harm
anyone!” Adam’s father decided to explain to him
why lying is bad.
One evening, Adam and his father were
walking down the street with some groceries. Just
then, they saw a car rammed into a bookstore.
Adam’s father asked a man what happened and
replied, “The car driver lied to his father that he
could see with our spectacles. They both were in the
car when the accident happened. The father is
seriously hurt. I’m sure the boy regrets ever lying!”
Adam’s father looked at Adam and said, “See
Adam, a lie is so dangerous! It can hurt people!” Adam realized the huge cost of a lie
and stopped lying.

1. What is the story all about?

____________________________________________________________
2. How does the first illustration help you to understand how Adam is feeling?
_________________________________________________________________

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 3. Would you know how the boy was feeling without the illustration? Why?
___________________________________________________________
4. How does the second illustration add to the words that the author wrote?
___________________________________________________________
5. If you were going to draw an illustration for the story, what illustration would
you draw and why?
___________________________________________________________

Notes to the Teacher

The teacher must consider the prerequisite skills needed in the
development of this competency including the schema or background
knowledge which may reinforce learning. This module will help the
learners bridge the gap of learning to attain mastery of the lesson in its
spiral progression.

What’s New
Look at the picture below. What might have happened?

Wildfires consumed forests and bushes and affected both human and animals
lives several months ago. What might have caused these? Some blame this to
irresponsible hunters and poachers who leave their camp fires burning in the forest.
Others say it is because of high temperatures brought about by global warming. In

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short, it is but human cause. How do these wildfires affect us and the environment?
They affect us a lot! The balance of nature is destroyed. The natural source of
oxygen has been scraped off the planet. Little by little they are vanishing. Animals
have no more homes to live in. To go on will make a long list. To cut short, its effect
on us is great.

After reading the passage. Answer the following questions on your answer
sheet.
1. What happened in the picture? What does the passage talk about?
____________________________________________
2. What are the causes of wildfires?
____________________________________________
3. What effects does wildfires bring to us?
____________________________________________

What Is It

Discussion of Activity 1

A cause is a person, event, condition, or reason that is responsible for an

action. An effect is a result brought about by a cause or an agent.
A cause and effect shows a relationship between actions and events.
In English, we use several different words to show cause and effect These
are the 3 main types of linking words: transitions, conjunctions and prepositions.
Examples are: for, because, as, since, due to, because of, as a result of, are cause
connectors; so, therefore, as a result, consequently are effect connectors.
Causes, and leads words also shows effect. A comma is used before the connector
if necessary.
In writing paragraphs showing-cause and effect, you can organize your
paragraph in three ways; One, state the cause and effect and discuss them
simultaneously; second state the cause first and then discuss its effects, third state
the effects first and then discuss its causes.
Examples:
Cause
Since you are not interested, I won’t tell you about it.
They cannot go to cinema because it is too late.
The matched was cancelled due to the bad weather.

Effect
It rained heavily, consequently the football game was called off.
She made one big mistake, as a result, she lost her job.
He hasn’t arrived yet, so we will have to go without him.

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Organizing Cause and Effect Paragraph in Three Ways:

●If you want to mention the cause first:

Cause Effect
Not bringing your book on class leads the teacher to be angry.
Not bringing your book on class causes you to lose your attention in the
lecture.
Not bringing your book on class leads to increased inattentiveness.
●If you want to mention the effect first:
Effect Cause
Drunkenness is due to too much alcohol.
Drunkenness is caused by too much alcohol.
Drunkenness results from too much alcohol.
●If you want to mention the cause and effect refer to the example of paragraph in
What’s New.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1

Identify whether the underlined phrase is a cause or an effect. Shade the

circle for your answer. Do this on your answer sheet.

1.We turned up the heat since it was getting cold.

cause effect
2. Tom and Matt are good friends because they have many common hobbies.

3. Our apartment is on the 11th floor, therefore, we have a great view of the city.

4. Because I helped my mother, she was able to finish her work quickly.

5. It was a very windy day; therefore, we were able to fly our kites.

6. Since the class was well-behaved this week, they were able to watch a movie

7. Because of the pandemic, children are not allowed to go anywhere they want.

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8.The trip to the beach was cancelled because of the rain.

9. It was raining, so we stayed at home.

10. The government had to cancel classes last March 14, 2020 due to coronavirus.

Independent Assessment 1
Read each sentence. Underline the cause with red ink and the effect with
blue. Do this on your answer sheet.
1. The dog bit her, therefore we had to take her to the hospital.
2. Her computer stopped working due to a virus.
3. The police arrested him because he committed a crime.
4. Anne was feeling sleepy because he stayed up late doing his homework.
5. Barbie had a cake for dessert, for it was her birthday.
6. I ate too much ice cream, so I got a tummy ache.
7. Due to lack of customers, the restaurant closed down this week.
8. Since she is scared of clowns, she never goes to the circus.
9. Chelsea was hungry, so her mother made her a cheese sandwich.
10. Kevin went to dentist because he had a toothache.

Independent Activity 2
Write the cause and effect in each given sentence on the space provided.
Example A: The man lifted weights so he gained muscle.

Answer: Cause: The man lifted weights

Effect: so he gained muscle.
1. I prepared for my test and as a result I got a good grade.
Cause: ____________________________________________________
Effect: _____________________________________________________
2. I forgot my blanket, so I got cold.
Cause: ____________________________________________________
Effect: _____________________________________________________
3. We worked out before the game because we wanted to win.
Cause: ____________________________________________________
Effect: _____________________________________________________

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4. My car had a flat tire, so I called the mechanic.
Cause: ____________________________________________________
Effect: _____________________________________________________
5. Sarah couldn’t find her jump rope, therefore she had to buy a new one.
Cause: ____________________________________________________
Effect: _____________________________________________________
6. He must be asleep, for there is no light in his room.
Cause: ____________________________________________________
Effect: _____________________________________________________
7. Everybody likes her because she’s very kind and friendly.
Cause: ____________________________________________________
Effect: _____________________________________________________
8. As a result of the rise in the number of Covid-19 patients, the government has
decided to put some affected areas into lockdown.
Cause: ____________________________________________________
Effect: _____________________________________________________
9. Many doctors helped. Consequently, some Covid-19 patients survived.
Cause: ____________________________________________________
Effect: _____________________________________________________
10. Our teacher was ill, therefore we had to put off the exam.
Cause: ____________________________________________________
Effect: _____________________________________________________

Independent Assessment 2
Complete each sentence by filling the blank with a phrase showing either a
cause or effect. Tell whether the phrase you wrote is cause or effect by circling
either. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1. Melanie did not go to school because _____________________________.
cause/effect

2. Due to _____________________________, many people suffered and died.

cause/effect

3. There was nothing to watch on the T.V., so _____________________________.

cause/effect

4. My homework was hard, so _____________________________.

cause/effect

5. President Rodrigo Duterte declared a lockdown in some areas because of _____

_____________________________
cause/effect

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6. Tim forgot his Math book in their classroom, therefore _____________________.
cause /effect

7. Jennie was hungry because _____________________________.

cause/effect

8. Kelly studied her spelling words, as a result _____________________________.

cause/effect

9. I went to bed early as _____________________________

cause/effect

10. I couldn’t play tennis because _____________________________.

cause/effect

Independent Activity 3
Read the following sentences. Write a paragraph showing cause and effect
using the sentences inside the boxes. Write your paragraph on your answer sheet.

Drinking too much coffee causes sleeplessness and headache.

It leads to frequent urination, lack of attention and fatigue.

Drinking too much coffee can cause insomnia, nervousness and restlessness.

It can raise your blood pressure and increase your risk for osteoporosis.

Drinking too much can also lead to upset stomach, nausea and vomiting.

Independent Assessment 3
Write a paragraph showing cause and effect of online games to children.
Remember to use your linking words. Write your paragraph on your answer sheet.

Cause and Effect of Drinking Too Much Coffee

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 What I Have Learned

1. What do you call a relationship that describes something that happens

and why it happens?
________________________________________________________
2. What is a cause?
________________________________________________________
3. What is an effect?
________________________________________________________
4. What are the linking words which can be used to introduce cause and
effect?
________________________________________________________
5. In writing paragraphs showing-cause and effect, how many ways can
you organize your paragraph?
________________________________________________________

What I Can Do
A. You have been given a cause and its effects. Link the cause and its effect
using few sentences. Remember to use your transition words. Write your
answer on your answer sheet.
Cause: Covid-19 Pandemic
Effects: suspension of classes, home quarantine, domestic
transportation of all modes are suspended, employees
work from home, high unemployment rate, restriction of
mass gathering, overcrowding in hospitals, increased
death rate

B. Write the word ( ) if the sentence tells true about cause and effect and
( ) if it doesn’t.

_____ Cause is the thing that makes other things happen.

_____ Sentence connectors can be used to show cause and effect.
_____ The cause is the what happened and the effect is the why something
happened.
_____ Cause and effect paragraph tells what happens and why it happens.
_____ Effect refers to what results.

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 Assessment
A. Study the Graphic Organizer. Fill in the boxes with effects base on the given
cause. Do this on your answer sheet.

Late to
School

B. Using your answers in the graphic organizer, write a paragraph which

explains its cause and effects. Write your paragraph on your answer sheet.

Late to School
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Additional Activities
Choose one topic from among the following. Write a cause-and-effect
paragraph about it.

Topics: Online Learning

Computer Games
Homeschooling

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Independent Activity 2 Independent Activity 2
1. Cause: I prepared for my test 7. Cause: because she’s very kind and friendly.
Effect: as a result, I got a good grade Effect: Everybody likes her
2. Cause: I forgot my blanket 8. Cause: As a result of the rise in the number of
Effect: so I got cold COVID-19 patients
3. Cause: because we wanted to win Effect: the government has decided to put
Effect: We worked out before the game some affected areas into lockdown
4. Cause: My car had a flat tire 9. Cause: Many doctors helped
Effect: so I called the mechanic Effect: Consequently, some Covid-19 patients
5. Cause: Sarah couldn’t find her jump survived
rope 10. Cause: Our teacher was ill
Effect: therefore, she had to buy a new Effect: therefore, we had to put off exam
one
6. Cause: for there is no light in his room Independent Assessment 2
Effect: He must be sleep Answers may vary
Independent Assessment 1
1. The dog bit her, therefore, we had to take her to the hospital.
2. Her computer stopped working due to virus.
3. The police arrested him because he committed a crime.
4. Anne was feeling sleepy because he stayed up late doing her homework.
5. Barbie had a cake for dessert, for it was her birthday.
6. I ate too much ice cream, so I got a tummy ache.
7. Due to lack of customers, the restaurant closed down this week.
8. Since she is scared of clowns, she never goes to the circus.
9. Chelsea was hungry, so her mother made her a cheese sandwich.
10. Kevin went to the dentist because he had a toothache.
What I Know What's More What’s In
1. c
1. effect Answers may vary.
2. i
3. d 2. effect
4. g 3. cause
5. b 4. effect
6. e 5. effect What’s New
7. a 6. cause
8. j 7. cause Answers may vary
9. f 8. effect
10. h 9. cause
10.cause What Is It
Answer may vary
Answer Key
 Answers may vary
Independent Assessment 3

heart and breathing rate and increase of stress level.

pressure and increase your risk for osteoporosis. Due to caffeine, too much intake may also lead to rapid
Drinking too much coffee can also lead to upset stomach, nausea and vomiting. It can raise you blood
of attention and fatigue. Drinking too much coffee can cause insomnia, nervousness and restlessness.
Drinking too much coffee causes sleeplessness and headache. It leads to frequent urination, lack

Cause and Effect of Drinking Too Much Coffee

Independent Activity 3

5. Three ways star

and Prepositions moon
4. Transition, Conjunctions,
3. Answers may vary star
2. Answers may vary B. star star
1. Cause and Effect A. Answers may vary Answers may vary
What I Have Learned What I Can Do Assessment

References
Donald Morton, ”Cause and Effect”, Date published 2010-2011.
https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/patterns-of-organization/cause-and-effect

Grammarhere, “ Connectors of Cause and Effect, Connectors Showing Cause & Effect”, Date published
September 6, 2019https://englishgrammarhere.com/conjunctions/connectors-of-cause-and-effect-
connectors-showing-cause-effect

Guy Belleranti, “Cause and Effect Worksheets”, Date accessed May 28, 2020.
https://www.superteacherworksheets.com/causeeffect.html

Hacersivil,“Cause and Effect Essay”, Date published March 26, 2014

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/hacersivil/cause-and-effect-essay-58761689

Hacersivil,“Cause and Effect Paragraph”, Date published 2015.

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/hacersivil/cause-effect-paragraph-32046555

https://za.pinterest.com/pin/811562795343227076/

Jenn Larson, “15 Cause-and-Effect lesson Plans You’ll Love”, Date published March 12, 2019.
https://www.weareteachers.com/cause-and-effect/-lesson-plans

Jennifer Frost,“Sentence Connectors Showing Cause and Effect”, Date published January 6, 2012
https://www.englishgrammar.org/sentence-connectors-showing-effect

Kenneth Beare, “Showing Cause/Effect in Written English”, Date updated August 13, 2018.
https://www.thoughtco.com/showing-cause-effect-in-written-english-1212354

Milgam Salam, “Cause and Effect Essay Exercises.zp12818”, Date published March 2017.
https://www.scribd.com/document/340640430/Cause-and-Effect-Essay-Exercises-zp12818

Stephen Tom,“Cause and Effect Sentences Worksheets”, Date accessed May 30,2020.
https://englishlinx.com/content-by-subject/reading/cause-and-effect/cause-effect-sentences.html

University of Victoria English Language Centre, “ELC Study Zone: Cause-and-Effect Linking Words”, Date
published 1998,Revised 2017,https://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/elc/studyzone/570/pulp/hemp5.htm

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