Mechanical Projects & Seminar : Learnmech.

com

CONTENTS
INDEX
SL. CONTENTS PAGE
NO NO
1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2-3
2 INTRODUCTION 4-7
3 CONSTRUCTION & 8-19
WORKING PRINCIPAL
4 SERIVCE & OVERHAULING 20-27
5 PERFORMANCE TESTS (or) 28-30
METHODOLGY
6 RESULTS & OBERVATION 31-3
7 ESTIMATION & COSTING 35
8 INDUSTRIAL VISITS 36-42
9 MAKING OF EXPERIMENT 43-45
GALLERY
10 CONCLUSION 46
11 REFERENCE 46

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REVIEW
OF
LITERATURE

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The shaper is a reciprocating type of machine, basically used to produce flat

surfaces and many more. This type of machine is used in our college to conduct
experiments and practice the exam models.

Hence, we are servicing and overhauling this machine, due to lots of major
and minor problems, which has been identified. In this machine the various
alignments were varied such as tool post alignment, table and table stand alignment,
etc,. We are going to replace some items and components such as screw rod, nuts,
pawl mechanism parts, crank pin and rod, etc,. The working condition of bull gear
mechanism and gear box is quite difficult, so we are re-servicing it and making it
accurate and fine. Additional feature we are providing is sensor, so to avoid defects
and safety at accident cases and also down feed indicator system. And finally, we are
re-painting it for good outlook appearance.

Also we are analyzing for more improvements from existing design.

Thank you.

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INTRODUCTION
TO
SHAPER MACHINE

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INTRODUCTION
The shaper is a reciprocating type of machine tool intended primarily to
produce flat surfaces. These surfaces may be horizontal, vertical, or inclined. In
general the shaper can produce any surface compost of straight line element. Modern
shaper can generate contoured surface.
The metal working shaper was developed in the year 1836 by James Nasmyth an,
Englishman.

HISTORY
Roe (1916) credits James Nasmyth with the invention of the shaper in 1836.
Shapers were very common in industrial production from the mid-19th century
through the mid-20th. In current industrial practice, shapers have been largely
superseded by other machine tools (especially of the CNC type), including milling
machines, grinding machines, and broaching machines. But the basic function of a
shaper is still sound; tooling for them is minimal and very cheap to reproduce; and
they are simple and robust in construction, making their repair and upkeep easily
achievable. Thus they are still popular in many machine shops, from jobbing
shops or repair shops to tool and die shops, where only one or a few pieces are
required to be produced and the alternative methods are cost- or tooling-intensive.
They also have considerable retro appeal to many hobbyist machinists, who are happy
to obtain a used shaper or, in some cases, even to build a new one from scratch.

SHAPER

Fig 01: a shaper machine

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A shaper is a type of machine tool that uses linear relative motion between the
work piece and a single-point cutting tool to machine a linear tool path. Its cut is
analogous to that of a lathe, except that it is (archetypal) linear instead of helical.
(Adding axes of motion can yield helical tool paths, as also done in helical planning.)
A shaper is analogous to a planer, but smaller, and with the cutter riding a ram that
moves above a stationary work piece, rather than the entire work piece moving
beneath the cutter. The ram is moved back and forth typically by a crank inside the
column; actuated shapers also exist.

A SIMPLE PROCEDURE TO PERFORM COMMON

OPERATIONS THAT ARE SPECIFIED IN A GIVEN DIAGRAM
BELOW fig: 02:

To machine a V-block as shown in the sketch out of the work piece provided.

fig: 02: work piece

OUTLINE OF PROCEDURE
i) Run the machine at low speed and observe the motions, which control the shapes of
the surfaces produced. Note particularly the features, which control the
geometrical form of the surface.
ii) Learn the names of the major units and the components of each machine. (Please
ensure that the main isolator switch is off and check that the machine cannot
be inadvertently started. Do not remove guards). Use the manufacture's
handbook for details that cannot be inspected.
iii} Record the obtainable speed and feed values
iv) Note down the special features of the speed and feed control on each machine.
v) Pay attention to the following:
a. Size specification of various machine tools.
b. Machine tool structures and guide ways I slide ways.
c. Drive mechanism for primary (cutting) motion.
d. Drive mechanism for secondary (feed) motion.

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EQUIPMENT

SL.NO TOOLS REQUIRED SL.NO OPERATION

01. Vernier caliper-150mm 01. Measuring
02. Chuck key 02. Facing
03. Box spanner 03. Chalk Appling
04. Side cutting tool ½” H.S.S 04. Marking
05. Vernier height gauge 05. Punching
06. C - clamp 06. Setting
07. Try square 07. Shaping
08. Centre punch 08. Milling
09. Ball peen hammer 09. Keyway cutting
10. Shaping machine 10. Dovetail
11. Straight tool holder 11. Checking
12. Fly cutter 12. Finishing
13. Magnetic chuck handle
14. Surface gauge
15. Equal angle cutter 60’

OUTLINE OF PROCEDURE

Hold the work piece in a vice and machine the bottom surface shown in the
sketch. Invert the casting in the vice and machine the top surface till the desired height
is obtained. Machine the inclined faces using right and left hand tools. Finally
machine the groove.

OBSERVATIONS

(a) Measure all dimensions (up to second decimal place) on the specimen machined
by your group. Make a neat sketch and indicate all measured dimensions.
(b) Calculate the machining time for the bottom surface of the specimen.
(c) Inspect the machined model with precision measuring instrument.

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TYPES,
CONSTRUCTION &
WORKING
PRINCIPAL OF
SHAPER MACHINE

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1. TYPES OF SHAPER MACHINES:

Shapers are classified in number of ways depending upon the general

features of design or the purpose for which they are intended. Shapers are classified
under the following headings.
1. According to the type of mechanism used for giving reciprocating motion to
the ram:
(a) Crank type (b) Geared type (c) Hydraulic type
2. According to the position and travel of ram:
(a) Horizontal type (b) Vertical type (c) Traveling head type
3. According to the type of design of the table:
(a) Standard shaper (b) Universal shaper
4. According to the type of cutting stroke:
(a) Push type (b) Draw type

2. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF SHAPER MACHINE:

2.1 BASE:

The base is the necessary bed or support required for all machine tools. The base
may be rigidly bolted to the floor of the shop or on the bench according to the size of
the machine. It is so designed that it can take up the entire load of the machine and the

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forces setup by the cutting tool over the work. It is made of cast iron to resist vibration
and take up high compressive lad.

2.2 COLUMN:

The column is a box like casting mounted upon the

base. It encloses the ram driving mechanism. Two
accurately machined guide ways are provided on the top
of the column on which the ram reciprocates. The front
vertical face of the column which serves as the guide
ways for the cross rail is also accurately machined. The
lid on the left side of the column may be opened for
inspection and oiling of the internal mechanism with the
column. The other side of the column contains levers,
handles, etc. for operating the machine.

2.3 CROSS RAIL:

The cross rail is mounted on the front vertical guide ways of the column. It
two parallel guide ways on its top in the vertical plane that are perpendicular to the
ram axis. The table may be raised or lowered to accommodate different sizes of jobs
by rotating an elevating screw which causes the cross rail to slide up and down on the
vertical face of the column. A horizontal cross feed screw which is fitted within the
cross rail and parallel to the top guide ways of the cross rail actuates the table to move
in a crosswise direction.

2.4 SADDLE:

The saddle is mounted on the cross rail which holds the table firmly on its top.
Crosswise movement of the saddle by rotating the cross feed screw by hand or power
causes the table to move sideways.

2.5 TABLE:

The table which is bolted to the saddle receives

crosswise and vertical movements from the saddle and
cross rail. It is a box like casting having T – slots both
on the top and sides for clamping the work. In
a universal shaper the may be swiveled on a horizontal
axis and the upper part of the table may be tilted up or

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down. In heavier type shaper, the front face of the table is clamped with a table
support to make it more rigid.
2.6 RAM:

The ram is the reciprocating

member of the shaper. This is semi-
cylindrical in form and heavily
ribbed inside to make it more rigid. It
slides on the accurately machined
dovetail guide ways on the top of the
column and is connected to the
reciprocating mechanism contained
within the column. It houses a
screwed shaft for altering the
position of the ram with respect to the work and hoods the tools head at the extreme
forward end.

2.7 TOOL HEAD:

The tool head of a shaper holds the tool rigidly, provides vertical and angular
feed movement of the tool and allows the tool to have an automatic relief during its
return stroke. The vertical slide of the swivel base which is held on a circular seat on
the ram. The swivel base is graduated in degrees, so that the vertical slide may be set
perpendicular to the work surface or at any desired angle. By rotating the down feed
screw handle, the vertical slide carrying the tool executes down feed or angular feed
movement while machining vertical or angular surface. The amount of feed or depth
of cut may be adjusted by a
micrometer dial on the top
of the down feed screw.
Apron consisting of by a
screw. By releasing the
clamping screw, the apron
may be swiveled upon the
apron swivel pin either
towards left or towards
right with respect to the
vertical slide. This
arrangement is necessary
to provide relief to the tool
while making vertical or angular cuts. The two vertical walls on the apron called
clapper box houses

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the clapper block which is connected to it by means of hinge pin. The tool post
dismounted upon the clapper block. On the forward cutting stroke the clapper block
fits securely to the clapper box to make a rigid tool on the work lifts the block –out of
theclapper box a sufficient amount preventing the tool cutting edge form dragging and
consequent wear. The work surface is also prevented from any damage due to
dragging.

2.7.1 TOOL HEAD OF SHAPER:

1. Down feed screw micrometer dial.
2. Down feed Screed
3. Vertical Slide
4. Apron
5. Apron Clamping bolt
6. Clapper Block
7. Tool post
8. Washer
9. Apron swivel pin
10. Swivel base

2.8 CLAPPER BOX:

Clapper box helps to avoid damage to machined surface

during the return stroke of tool.

3. SPECIFICATION OF SHAPER:

The size of a shaper is determined by the maximum length of stroke or cut it

can make. The usual size ranges from 175 to 900 mm. The length of stroke indicates,
in addition to the general size of the machine, the size of a cube that can be held and
planed I the shaper. Thus in a 250 mm shaper the length of stroke may be adjusted
from 0 to 250 mm, the cross feed adjusted of the table will be 250 mm and the
extreme bottom position of the cross rail will permit the table to accommodate a work
piece 250 mm high. The length of stroke of a shaper merely indicates the overall size
of the shaper other particulars, such as the type of drive : belt or individual motor

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drive, power input, floor space required, weight of the machine, cutting to return
stroke ratio, number and amount of feed etc. are also sometimes necessary

4. SETTING TOOL, STROKE LENGTH & POSITION

OF STROKE:

4.1 SETTING THE TOOL:

Tool overhang should be minimum.

Tool should be clamped properly with adequate support.

4.2 SETTING THE STROKE LENGTH:

Max. Stroke length depends on the machine (18”, 24”, 36”etc.)

Stroke length can be adjusted to a value less than maximum.
Stroke length depends on the length of job.

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4.3 SETTING THE POSITION OF STROKE:

Position of stroke is the starting point & end point of stroke.

5 SHAPER MECHANISM:

In a shaper machine, the rotary- motion of the drive is converted into

Reciprocating motion of a ram holding the tool, by means of mechanism inside the
column of a machine.
In a shaper, the metal is removed during forward cutting stroke, while in return
Stroke no metal is removed. Therefore, in order to reduce total machining time, the
Shaper mechanisms should be designed
The quick return mechanism of a machine can e obtained by the following
Methods:
1. Crank and slotted link mechanism.
2. Whit worth quick return mechanism.
3. Hydraulic shaper mechanism.

5.1 CRANK AND SLOTTED LINK MECHANISM:

The crank and slotted link mechanism as shown in fig5.1.(a). A large bull
gear mounted within a column and a radial slide bolted to the centre of the bull gear,
which carriers sliding block into which the crank pin is fitted. The power is
transmitted from the motor through the driving pinion to the bull gear. The rotation of
the bull gear causes the crank pin to revolve at uniform speed. The rocker are sliding
block mounted on crank pin is fitted within the slotted link or rocker arm, which is
provided at its bottom end attached to the column frame. The upper arm of the rocker
arm is connected to the ram block in a rocker arm slides up and down, giving rocking

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movement to the ram, thus rotary motion to the bull gear is converted into
reciprocating motion of the ram.

Fig: 5.1(a) & (b)

The principal of quick return motion is illustrated in fig 5.1.(b). When the slotted link
is at the position PQ, the ram is at the extreme backward position of the stroke, and
when it is at PR, the ram extreme forward position. PQ and PR are two tangents to the
crank pin circle. Therefore the forward stroke takes place. When crank rotates through
an angle C1KC2 and the return stroke takes place when crank rotates through an angle
C2LC1. The forward stroke angle C1KC2 is greater than the return stroke angle C2LC1,
therefore, return stroke is completed within a shorter time for which it is known as
quick motion.
The ratio between cutting time to return is given by:
Cutting Stroke C1KC2
------------------- = -------------
Return Stroke C2LC2

5.2. WHIT WORTH QUICK RETURN MECHANISM:

A whit worth quick return mechanism is shown in fig and its simple line
Diagram is shown in fig.5.2. The bull gear is mounted on a fixed pin A which is free
to rotate. The crank plate is pivoted eccentrically on affixed pin at O A crank pin
With sliding block fitted on the face of the bull gear slides into the slot provided on
A crank plate the other end of the crank plate is connected to a connecting rod by
Means of pin and the another end of a connecting rod is connect to a ram which
reciprocates in a horizontal axis. When the bull gear rotates at a constant speed, The
sliding block slides in a slot of a crank plate causing it to about point ‘O’ The rotary
motion of a crank plate is converted into reciprocating motion of a ram by a
connecting rod.

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Fig: 5.2

When the crank pin is at the position ‘C’ the ram will be at the extreme
backward position and when the crank pin is at ‘B’ the ram will be at extreme forward
position. When crank pin travels from C to B, the ram performs the forward cutting
stroke and when crank pin travels from B to C, the ram performs the backward return
stroke. As the crank pin rotates at constant speed, the time taken during forward
cutting stroke through an arc CEB is greater than the time taken during return stroke
through an arc BDC. Thus a quick return motion is obtained by this mechanism.
The length of stroke of the ram can be changed by changing position of a connecting
rod on crank plate from the fixed point ‘O’. The position of stroke can be altered by
changing the position of pin on the ram.

5.2 HYDRAULIC SHAPER MECHANISM:

A simple design of hydraulic shaper mechanism as shown in fig 5.3.

It consists of oil pump, valve chamber, a cylinder, piston, oil reservoir and reversing
lever. The piston rod is connected the ram body. The oil from the reservoir is pumped
under high pressure to the right side of the cylinder through valve chamber, which
exerts the pressure on piston causing the ram to perform forward stroke, and any oil
on left side of the cylinder is discharged to the reservoir through throttle valve at the
end of forward stroke, the shaper dog hits against reversing lever causing valves to
change their position in a valve chamber. Now the oil under high pressure is pumped
to the left side of the piston causing the ram to perform return stroke and discharging
the oil present in right side of the piston to the reservoir,

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fig: 5.3

. At the end of return stroke another shaper dog hits the reversing lever
changing the direction of the piston and this cycle is repeated.
In this case, the quick return motion is affected by the difference in stroke, volume of
the cylinder at both ends. The left side being smaller due to the presence of piston rod.
As the pump has a constant discharge and same quantity of oil will be supplied on
both the ends, which increase the pressure on left side than right side and increasing
the speed during return stroke. The position and length of stroke is adjusted y
changing the position of reversing dogs. The cutting speed may be changed by
controlling the throttle valve, which regulates the flow of oil.

6. SHAPER MACHINE OPERATIONS:

6.1 MAKING OF CHUCK KEY:

This type of key is use in tightening the tool in

tool post for doing different operation; it is
easily done by shaper with single point cutter
tool.

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6.2 MAKING OF INTERNAL KEYWAY:

The internal keyways are cut by holding

the tools on a special tool holder so that, the tool
post will not hit against the work at the end of
the shown in figure.

6.3 MAKING OF EXTERNAL KEYWAY:

Slots or grooves on work piece, external keys

on pulleys can be cut easily by using shaper

6.4 MAKING OF V-BLOCK:

In this, tool slide is tilted at an

angle for V Block

6.5 MAKING OF DOVETAIL:

In this also, the tool slide is tilted at an

angle for machining dovetail.

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6.6 MAKING OF RACK:

In this, the stroke of length is set to a length and

work piece is fix at a required position.

7. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF THE SHAPING MACHINE:

* The length of stroke and position of stroke can be changed.

.*Single Point Tool reciprocates on the job.
.*Job is fed across the tool.
.*Tool is moved downward after completion of cross feed.
.*Shaper machine is used for generating flat surfaces.

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SERVICE &
OVERHAULING OF
SHAPER MACHINE

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THE FOLLOWING PARTS ARE DISMANTLED TO SERVICE
AND SOME OF THEM WERE REPLACED.

1. TOOL POST

This tool post as been dismantled each and every part for diesel waste and some
parts. We have made the reading visible and also painted the tool post. The alignment
is corrected.

2. VICE

The vice as dismantled, washed with diesel and painted.

3. TABLE

The table as dismantled from vertical column. For worn out surfaces we have
applied metal paste putty and from sand paper with water we have scribed to smooth
surface finishing. And alignment corrected.S
And finally we have painted for aesthetic appearance.
The slider as fitted below the table slide has machined for perfect fit.

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4. RAM

The ram as been removed from head of the column .For worn out surfaces
we have applied metal paste putty and from sand paper with water we have scribed to
smooth surface finishing.
And finally we have painted for aesthetic appearance

5. GEAR BOX

The gear box has been dismantled each parts for service. The frame has been re-
machined; Brazing has been done due to worn out. For worn out surfaces we have
applied metal paste putty and from sand paper with water we have scribed to smooth
surface finishing. The gears are washed with diesel. The outer parts are finally we
have painted for aesthetic appearance.

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6. PAWL MECHANISM

We have dismantled every parts of the pawl mechanism, we have

purchase a new spring with is fitted in the handle. The pin has been welded and
brought in shape so that it as to engage with gear teeth to push the gear automatically
moving table left to right vice versa while machining. The cotter pin was producing
more sound will moving so we have replaced by nail by grinding to required shape.

7. BULL GEAR MECHANISUM

The bull gear parts are dismantled to service each and every part. We
have applied grease to gears and also painted to protect from corrosion. The
sliding block and slider are also washed with diesel.
The surrounding of this mechanism is painted with red.

8. MOTOR

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The motor as be serviced and finally we have painted for aesthetic appearance.

9. BELT DRIVE ( V-BELT)

This belt is used to drive the ram. this are replace by new one due to old was cut off
and worn out the belt sizes are B47 and C59

10.BEARING (THRUST BEARING)

This are used to enable rotational or linear movement, while reducing friction and
handling stress. We have replaced due to worn out old one. Set of 2 are purchased.

11.SCREW ROD AND NUT

The screw rod is re-machined to a required dimension and accurately. The nut
is newly manufactured because old one was damaged.

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12. CHROMING

The handles, measuring disc, down feed handle etc

and many others were chromed for aesthetic outlook
appearance.

13.OTHER PARTS

The many other parts like jibs, sliding plats, bevel gears, collars, blocks,
nuts, bolts, washers, rods etc., and this part are washed by diesel and oiled to protect
from corrosion.

14.ELEVATING SCREW

This screw is used to support and move the table up and down this
part is wash by diesel and finally applied grease to free movement.

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15.SUPPORTING JACK TYPE

The frame support type was replaced by jack type. In which base of the jack
was welded by a 10mm flat and drilled either two sides with respect to the bed holes.
Then at the top of the jack the L-section flat is welded, So that the angle plate slides
over that.
We need to rotate the jack to required height while doing operation. The reason of
making jack type because previously we need to loosen the nut and bolt then bring it
too required position and to adjust it, it was so complicated, then we analysed and
build this type we become more easy compare to frame type.

16.FEED INDICATOR(additional)

Shaper tool feed indicating arrangement is made by us is as shown in

figure. It is a direct measuring arrangement. the purpose of this arrangement is to
know the down feed of tool in to the work piece this arrangement mainly consists of
50*200mm 2 m.s flat,1/2’’ 2 bush nuts, dia15*400mmm.s rod, scriber(point
indicator),150mm scale, dia25*60mm m.s rod, 60*80mm s.s flat.

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It involves following operations. first we welded 2 m.s flat like ‘t’joint then make two
12mm drilling holes, on the upper flat then we clamped to the shaper table using bolt
and nuts, then we make the dia20*50mm drilling hole inside the dia25*60mm round
rod it is welded on the m.s flat vertically which holds the dia15*400mm rod, then we
takes 2 bush nuts and we make 6.5mm drilling hole in both the nuts and we done
taping operation using 8mm tap wrenches to insert the screws ,then one bush nut is
welded to the second m.s flat it helps to lock the dia15*400mm m.s rod to the
required height ,then we weld the scriber with the another bush nut it insert to the rod
it is free to move throughout the rod it helps to adjust scriber to the required height ,
then we take the s.s flat and make 3 drilling holes of dia9mm to clamp it to the tool
post using nuts and bolts ,then we fixed the 150mm scale using gum, then we place a
work piece in the vice when tool touches the work piece we adjust the scriber to zero
by moving the bush nut up and down ,then as well as we feed give to tool scriber
moves on the scale thus indicates the mm of feed of the tool in to the work piece.

17.OVERALL PAINT

Overall paint to get aesthetic appearance.

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PERFORMANCE
TEST (OR)

METHODOLOGY

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A SIMPLE PROCEDURE TO PERFORM COMMON
OPERATIONS THAT ARE SPECIFIED IN A GIVEN DIAGRAM
BELOW fig: 02:

To machine a V-block as shown in the sketch out of the work piece provided.

Fig: work piece

OUTLINE OF PROCEDURE
i) Run the machine at low speed and observe the motions, which control the shapes of
the surfaces produced. Note particularly the features, which control the
geometrical form of the surface.
ii) Learn the names of the major units and the components of each machine. (Please
ensure that the main isolator switch is off and check that the machine cannot
be inadvertently started. Do not remove guards). Use the manufacture's
handbook for details that cannot be inspected.
iii} Record the obtainable speed and feed values
iv) Note down the special features of the speed and feed control on each machine.
v) Pay attention to the following:
a. Size specification of various machine tools.
b. Machine tool structures and guide ways I slide ways.
c. Drive mechanism for primary (cutting) motion.
d. Drive mechanism for secondary (feed) motion.

EQUIPMENT

SL.NO TOOLS REQUIRED SL.NO OPERATION

01. Vernier caliper-150mm 01. Measuring
02. Chuck key 02. Facing
03. Box spanner 03. Chalk Appling
04. Side cutting tool ½” H.S.S 04. Marking
05. Vernier height gauge 05. Punching
06. C - clamp 06. Setting

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Mechanical Try square
07. Projects 07.
& Seminar : Learnmech.com Shaping
08. Centre punch 08. Milling
09. Ball peen hammer 09. Keyway cutting
10. Shaping machine 10. Dovetail
11. Straight tool holder 11. Checking
12. Fly cutter 12. Finishing
13. Magnetic chuck handle
14. Surface gauge
15. Equal angle cutter 60’

OUTLINE OF PROCEDURE

Hold the work piece in a vice and machine the bottom surface shown in the
sketch. Invert the casting in the vice and machine the top surface till the desired height
is obtained. Machine the inclined faces using right and left hand tools. Finally
machine the groove.

OBSERVATIONS

(a) Measure all dimensions (up to second decimal place) on the specimen machined
by your group. Make a neat sketch and indicate all measured dimensions.
(b) Calculate the machining time for the bottom surface of the specimen.
(c) Inspect the machined model with precision measuring instrument.

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RESULT &
OBERVATIONS

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 ESTIMATION &
Mechanical Projects & Seminar : Learnmech.com

COSTING
SL PARTICULARS AMOUNT
NO
1. Gear box re-machining 4500/-
2. Chroming 1500/-
3. Cross slide-screw rod & nut(change) 3000/-

4.. Table supporting stand(Jack 2500/-

type)(Additional)

5. Two set of thrust bearing 500/-

6. Slider machining 350/-

7. V- belts 600/-

8. Bolts, Nuts & other materials 4050/-

9. Painting ( over coating paint)
1. NC patti, tinner
2. Emeracy paper 4250/-
3. Paint as per choice
4. Diesel & Grease
5. wastes
10. Feed indicator (Additional) 500/-

Total 21750/-

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INDUSTRIAL VISIT
REPORT

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We have visited the GT&T C on in 6TH sem

GOVERNMENT TOOLROOM AND TRAINING

CENTER(GT&TC)

Address: 93 & 94, K.R.S. Road, Belagola Industrial Area, K.R.S Road, Near Sunanda Organics,
Metagalli, Mysuru, Karnataka 570016.

GTTC was established in 1972 at Bangalore with the participation of the Karnataka
State Government, in collaboration with the Government of Denmark under the
Bilateral Development Co-operation Agreement. The excellent performance of GTTC
Bangalore, proactive Government of Karnataka which saw the need for expansion,
got second unit of GTTC started in 1992 with DANIDA assistance. Proliferation of
technology for development of the industries with supply of skilled manpower is the
key to meet the needs of the global requirement. With this Government of Karnataka
encouraged GTTC to start 10 more sub-centres to train in the area of tool and die
making in various parts of Karnataka.
GTTC is an autonomous society, and a recognised Scientific and Research
Organisation by the Government of India. Govt. Tool Room and Training Centre
(GTTC), is serving industry by way of precision tooling and providing in well trained
craftsmen the area of tool and die making.
Today, the GTTC have acquired mastery in mould and die making technology and
have blossomed into an epitome of precision and quality in the development and
manufacture of sophisticated moulds, dies and tools.
Fully aware of the rapid advancement in technology the world over, the GTTC is
periodically adding new technologies to the existing set of advanced equipment like
CAD / CAM, CNC machines for tooling, Precision Components, Laser for Industries,
Rapid prototyping, vacuum casting etc. .
When we visited they have co-operated will and explained few machining. Such as
Cylindrical grinding machine, cnc turning, milling, laser cutting, EDM, wire cutting
machine, CMM, etc,.
Following are the details of some machines

CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINE

The cylindrical grinder is a type of grinding machine used to shape the outside of an
object. The cylindrical grinder can work on a variety of shapes; however the object
must have a central axis of rotation. This includes but is not limited to such shapes as
a cylinder, an ellipse, a cam, or a crankshaft
Cylindrical grinding is defined as having four essential actions:

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 1. The work (object) must be constantly rotating
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2. The grinding wheel must be constantly
rotating
3. The grinding wheel is fed towards and away
from the work
4. Either the work or the grinding wheel is
traversed with respect to the other.
While the majority of cylindrical grinders employ all
four movements, there are grinders that only employ
three of the four actions
TOOL HEAD AND CUTTER GRINDING
MACHINE
A tool and cutter grinder is used to
sharpen milling cutters and tool
bits along with a host of other cutting
tools.
It is an extremely versatile machine used
to perform a variety of grinding
operations: surface, cylindrical, or
complex shapes. The image shows a
manually operated setup, however
highly automated Computer Numerical
Control (CNC) machines are becoming
increasingly common due to the
complexities involved in the process.
The operation of this machine (in particular, the manually operated variety) requires a
high level of skill. The two main skills needed are understanding of the relationship
between the grinding wheel and the metal being cut and knowledge of tool geometry.
The illustrated set-up is only one of many combinations available. The huge variety in
shapes and types of machining cutters requires flexibility in usage. A variety of
dedicated fixtures are included that allow cylindrical grinding operations or complex
angles to be ground. The vise shown can swivel in three planes.

SURFACE FINISHING

Surface finishing is a broad range of industrial processes that alter the surface
of a manufactured item to achieve a certain property.[1] Finishing processes may be
employed to: improve appearance, adhesion or wettability, solderability, corrosion
resistance, tarnish resistance, chemical
resistance,
wear resistance, hardness, modify electrical
conductivity, remove burrs and other surface
flaws,and control the surface friction. In
limited cases some of these techniques can be
used to restore original dimensions to salvage
or repair an item. An unfinished surface is
often called mill finish.
Surface finishing processes can be categorized
by how they affect the workpiece:
Removing or reshaping finishing

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Mechanical or altering
Projects finishing
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Mechanical processes may also be categorized together because of similarities the
final surface finish.

COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES

Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are

mechanical systems designed to move a
measuring probe to determine coordinates of
points on a workpiece surface. They provide
precise measurements of objects for design,
testing, assessment, profiling, and reverse
engineering of parts. Machines are available in a
wide range of sizes and designs. They use a
variety of different interfaces and modeling
software.

CNC MILLING
Milling is the machining process
of using rotary cutters to remove
material[1] from a workpiece by
advancing (or feeding) in a direction at
an angle with the axis of the tool. It
covers a wide variety of different
operations and machines, on scales
from small individual parts to large,
heavy-duty gang milling operations. It
is one of the most commonly used
processes in industry and machine
shops today for machining parts to
precise sizes and shapes.
Milling can be done with a wide range of machine tools.

CNC LATHE

A lathe is a tool that rotates the workpiece on

its axis to perform various operations such
as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling,
or deformation, facing, turning, with tools that
are applied to the workpiece to create an object
with symmetry about an axis of rotation.
Lathes are used in woodturning
, metalworking, metal spinning, thermal
spraying, parts reclamation, and glass-working.
Lathes can be used to shape pottery, the best-
known design being the potter's wheel. Most
suitably equipped metalworking lathes can also
be used to produce most solids of revolution, plane surfaces and screw threads
or helices. Ornamental lathes can produce three-dimensional solids of incredible
complexity.

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 ELECTRICAL
Mechanical DISCHARGE
Projects & MACHINING (EDM)
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Electrical discharge machining (EDM),

also known as spark machining, spark
eroding, burning, die sinking, wire
burning or wire erosion, is a
manufacturing process whereby a
desired shape is obtained by using
electrical discharges (sparks).[1] Material
is removed from the workpiece by a
series of rapidly recurring current
discharges between two electrodes,
separated by a dielectric liquid and subject to an electric voltage. One of the electrodes
is called the tool-electrode, or simply the "tool" or "electrode," while the other is called
the workpiece-electrode, or "workpiece." The process depends upon the tool and
workpiece not making actual contact.

WIRE CUT MACHINE

A wire saw is a powered saw that uses a

metal wire or cable for cutting. There are two
types of wire saw machines: continuous (or
endless or loop) and oscillating (or
reciprocating). Sometimes the wire itself is
referred to as a "blade".
Wire saws are similar in principle to band
saws or reciprocating saws, but they
use abrasion to cut rather than saw teeth.
Depending on the application, diamond material may or may not be used as an
abrasive. The wire can have one strand or many strands braided together (cable). A
single-strand saw can be roughened to be abrasive, abrasive compounds can be
bonded to the cable, or diamond-impregnated beads (and spacers) can be threaded on
the cable. Wire saws are often cooled and lubricated by water or oil.

LASER CUTTING MACHINE

Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to cut materials, and is typically used
for industrial manufacturing applications, but is
also starting to be used by schools, small
businesses, and hobbyists. Laser cutting works by
directing the output of a high-power laser most
commonly through optics. The laser optics
and CNC (computer numerical control) are used
to direct the material or the laser beam generated.
A typical commercial laser for cutting materials
would involve a motion control system to follow
a CNC or G-code of the pattern to be cut onto the
material. The focused laser beam is directed at
the material, which then either melts, burns,
vaporizes away, or is blown away by a jet of

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Mechanical leaving an &
edge with a high-quality
Seminar surface finish. Industrial laser cutters are
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used to cut flat-sheet material as well as structural and piping materials.

THE GAUGES
A go-no gauge (or go/no-go) refers to an
inspection tool used to check a workpiece
against its allowed tolerances. Its name is
derived from two tests: the check involves the
workpiece having to pass one test (go)
and fail the other (no-go).
ISO 1502 sets a standard for threads and
gauging to test them. It establishes the
attribute T as go for the major diameter and the attribute Z as no-go for the pitch
diameter.[1]The inspection tool has two threaded components. For example, there
would be two female sections on a gauge to test a threaded male workpiece such as a
screw. If the major diameter of a screw is too large, it will not fit in the T test thread
at all (fail). If the major diameter is too small, the fit is sloppy (fail). If the thread has
been cut too deep, it screws into the Z test thread (fail). If the fit is right and only does
about three turns, the fit is right (pass).[2]

THE CNC PROGRAMMING CODES

This are the preparatory codes used while writing a part programs

CONCLUSION

We are thanking the faculties and other staffs of GT&TC for their valuable inputs and
provided there useful time to visit. Also thanking for giving detailed information’s of
machines.
Special thanks for: Managing Director: Dr. S Naveen Kumar Raju KAS
Unit Head: Shri. K. L. Prakash
Principal: Shri. Jagadeesha.S.N

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GALLERY OF INDUSTRIAL VISIT

Students visited to GT&TC

Explaining the components of machine

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MAKING OF
EXPERIMENT
GALLERY

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 DISMANTLE
Mechanical ProjectsOF SHAPER :MACHINE
& Seminar Learnmech.com

The remaining pictures are loaded on CD

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CD:

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CONCLUSION
PROJECT REPORT

This is my privilege to express my sincerest regards to my report co-

coordinator, Mr. M.N.RAVI and Mr. JAGADEESHA , for there valuable
inputs, guidance and constructive criticism throughout the duration of my
project work.

I deeply express my sincere thanks to HOD Mr. M.N. RAVI for encouraging
and allowing me to present the report of project.

I sincerely thank to our team members who are totally involved in project work
for the final output and supported throughout the duration of project and their
dedication.

Thank you.

REFERENCE
Referenced:

Source: INTERNET Wikipedia

Guidance by: Foreman: Mr. Jagadeesha

Mechanic: Mr. Bhaskar
(Meletha Enterprises)

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