MACRO PERSPECTIVE
OF TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
Zenaida Lansangan-Cruz, PhD
First Edition
MACRO PERSPECTIVE
OF TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
<\
Zenaida Lansangan-Cruz, PhD
-·~'
4A, "9bshed & Distributed by
'g" REX Book Store
856 Nicanor Reyes, Sr. St.
Tel. Nos. 736-05-67 · 735-13-64
1977 C.M. Recto Avenue
Tel. Nos. 735-55-27 • 735-55-34
Manila. Philippines
www.rex publishing.com.ph
~
Boak Sore
Published by Rex Book Store, Inc.
· Copyright 2018
by
Zenaida Lansangan-Cruz, PhD
ISBN 978-971-23-9605-2
No portion. of this book may be copied or reproduced in
books, pamphlets, outlines, or notes-whether printed, or
mimeographed, typewritten, photocopied or in any form-for
distribution or sale, without the written permission of the Publisher
and Author/s. The infringer shall be prosecuted in compliance
with copyright, trademark, patent,and other pertinent laws.
14293
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Reprinted: August 2019
vary copy skl so ore come snature or to
Author, otherwise, it will be deemed as proceeding from an
illegal source.
Contents
Preface . vii
CHAPTER
1 The Meaning and Importance of Tourism and Hospitality .......... 1
The Relationship of Tourism and Hospitality. The Food
and Beverage Component. The Lodging Component.
Recreation and Entertainment Component. Travel and
Tourism Component. Transportation. Travel Agencies
and Tour Operators. Definition of Tourism. Definition
of Hospitality. Meaning of Tourist, Elements of Travel.
The Nature of a Tour. The Tourist Product. The Tourist
Destination. Tourist Services. Characteristics of Tourism
and Hospitality. Importance ofTourism and Hospitality.
Q The History of Tourism and Hospitality..............-.......................,, 19
History of the Tourism Industry. History of the
Hospitality Industry. Pioneers in the Tourism and
Hospitality Industry. Origins of Tourism and Hospitality
in the Philippines. International Travel Patterns. Factors
That Favor the Growth of Tourism and Hospitality.
3 Te Economics of Tourism and Hospitality :.............. 45
The Role of Tourism and Hospitality in Economic
Development. Economic Impact. Direct and Secondary
Effects. Tourism Multiplier. Cost-Benefit Ratio.
Undesirable Economic Aspects of Tourism. How
to Maximize the Economic Effect of Tourism and
Hospitality.
iii
4 The 'Tourism and Hospitality Network
and Supply Components............----.......-6..6...66,66.6.666666.6666.3.......,, 57
Tourism and Hospitality Components. Tourism and
Hospitality supply Components. Natural Resources.
Infrastructure. Hospitality Resources. Hospitality
Training. Transportation. Superstructure.
5 Tourism and Hospitality Organizations , :.. 75
Tourism Organizations. International Organizations.
Regional Organizations. Role of National Organization in
Tourism. National Tourism Office. Professional Tourism
and Hospitality Organizations. Tourism and Hospitality
Organizations in the Philippines.
6 The lrnpacts of Tourism and Hospitality 128
The Impacts of Tourism and Hospitality. The Positive
Economic Effects of Tourism and Hospitality. Negative
Economic Aspects of Tourism and Hospitality. Social
Impacts of Tourism and Hospitality. Positive Social
Effects of Tourism and Hospitality. Negative Social
Effects of Tourism and Hospitality. Impact of Tourism
and Hospitality on Culture. Positive Effects of Tourism
and Hospitality on Culture. Negative Cultural Impact
of Tourism and Hospitality. Environmental Impact of
Tourism and Hospitality. Positive Environmental Impact
of Tourism and Hospitality. Negative Environmental
Impact of Tourism and Hospitality.
7 Current Trends and Issues in the Tourism
and Hospitality Industry............................................................... 152
The Bright Future of Tourism and Hospitality. Issues
in Tourism and Hospitality. The Future of Tourism and
Hospitality.
8 Future World Tourism and Hospitality Issues 170
Safety and Security in Tourism and Hospitality.
The Impact of the World's Economy on Tourism
and Hospitality. Managing Sustainable Tourism in a
Responsible Manner. Tourism Policy and Strategic
Planning. Using E-commerce Tools in Tourism and
Hospitality. Tourism and Hospitality Education and
Training. Emerging Tourism and Hospitality Markets.
Quality Tourism and Hospitality Products and
Experiences. Partnerships and Strategic Alliances in
Tourism and Hospitality. The Impacts of Health Issues
on Tourism and Hospitality. Effects of Natural Disasters
on Tourism and Hospitality. Climate Change and Tourism
and Hospitality.
g Sustainable Management ofTourism and Hospitality 188
Meaning of Sustainable Management of Tourism
and Hospitality. Managing Sustainable Tourism and
Hospitality. What are the Sustainable Development
Goals? What is UNDP's Role? The 17 Global Goals.
Sustainable Tourism and Hospitality Framework.
Current Trends in Sustainable Tourism and Hospitality.
Global Impact of Sustainable Tourism and Hospitality.
The Benefits of Sustainable Tourism and Hospitality.
Glossary ,............................................................................ 203
Index.................................................................................................................... 207
