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Maths Project: Submitted by Deep Kashyap Xii A Roll No. 6

This maths project submitted by Deep Kashyap discusses differentiation and its applications. It includes an introduction to derivatives and differentiation, definitions of derivatives, formulas for derivatives of common functions, and applications of differentiation in mathematics, real life, science, economics and physics. Some key applications mentioned are using derivatives in odometers and speedometers in automobiles, estimating profit and loss points in business, how radar guns use derivatives to determine speed, and analyzing data graphs. The conclusion emphasizes how derivatives are constantly used to measure change and are crucial in many professions.

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Deep Kashyap
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
399 views

Maths Project: Submitted by Deep Kashyap Xii A Roll No. 6

This maths project submitted by Deep Kashyap discusses differentiation and its applications. It includes an introduction to derivatives and differentiation, definitions of derivatives, formulas for derivatives of common functions, and applications of differentiation in mathematics, real life, science, economics and physics. Some key applications mentioned are using derivatives in odometers and speedometers in automobiles, estimating profit and loss points in business, how radar guns use derivatives to determine speed, and analyzing data graphs. The conclusion emphasizes how derivatives are constantly used to measure change and are crucial in many professions.

Uploaded by

Deep Kashyap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHS 

PROJECT
SUBMITTED BY DEEP KASHYAP
XII‐A
ROLL NO. = 6
DIFFERENTIATION
CONTENTS
 Introduction and history
 Its Application in mathematics
 Some handy formulas
 Real life applications
 Application in science
 Conclusion 
INTRODUCTION TO DERIVATIVE & 
DIFFERENTIATION
 The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is the slope 
of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point. The tangent line is the best linear 
approximation of the function near that input value. For this reason, the derivative is often 
described as the “instantaneous rate of change”, the ratio of the instantaneous change in the 
dependent variable to that of the independent variable.
 The process of finding a derivative is called differentiation. The reverse process is called anti 
differentiation.
 The problem of finding the tangent to a curve has been studied by many mathematicians since 
Archimedes explored the question in Antiquity. The first attempt to determining the tangent to a 
curve that resembled the modern method of the calculus came from Gilles Persone de Roberval 
during the 1630’s and16490’s. At nearly the same time as Roberval was devising his method, 
Pierre de Fermat used the notion of maxima and the infinitesimal to find the tangent to a curve. 
DEFINITION OF DERIVATIVE AND GRAPHS
 A function of a real variable y=f(x) is differentiable at a point a of its domain, if its domain 
contains an open interval l containing a, and the limits exists.
 If the function f is differentiable at a, that is if the limit L exists, then this limit is called the 
derivative of f at a, and   
df/dx(a)
denoted f’(a)(read as “f prime of a”) or (read as “the derivative of f with respect to x at a”,”dy by 
dx at a” or “dy over dx at a”)   
Application of Differentiation in Mathematics
Differentiation in mathematics is basically process of finding derivative. In contrast the abstract 
nature of the theory behind it, the practical technique of differentiation can be carried out by purely 
algebraic manipulations, using three basic rules of derivation and operations:‐
i. Algebraic function
ii. Trigonometric function
iii. Exponential function
For function built up combinations of these classes of functions, the theory provides the following 
basic rules for differentiating the sum , product or quotient of any two functions f(x) and g(x) the 
derivatives of which are known(where a and b are constants) and the other basic rule , called the 
chain rule , provides a way to differentiate a composite function.
Other uses:‐
i. By taking the derivative one may find the slope of a function.
ii. Used to solve problems including limits.
iii. Used to find the local maxima and minima.
SOME BASIC FORMULAS OF DIFFERENTIATION
i. d(constant)/dx = 0
ii. d(log x)/dx = 1/x
iii. d(x)/dx = 1
iv. d(sin x)/dx = cos x
v. d(cos x)/dx = ‐sin x
vi. d(sec x)/dx = sec x . Tan x
vii. d(cosec x)/dx  = ‐cosec x . Cot x
x
viii. d[(f).g/dx = f(dg/dx)+g
df/dx
REAL LIFE APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVE
 AUTOMOBILE: In an automobile there is always an odometer and a speedometer. These two 
gauges work in tandem and allow the driver to determine his speed and his distance that he has 
travelled. Electronic versions of these gauges simply use derivative to transform the data sent to 
the electronic motherboard from the tires to miles per hour(MPH) an distance(KM).

 BUSINESS: In the business world there are many applications for derivatives. One of the most 
important is when the data has been charted on graph or data table such as excel. Once it has 
been input, the data can be graphed and with the application of derivatives you can estimate the 
profit and loss point for certain ventures.
 RADAR GUNS: all police officers who uses radar guns are actually taking advantage of the easy use 
of derivatives. When a radar gun is pointed and fired at your car on the highway. The gun is able 
to determine the time and distance at which the radar was able to hit a certain section of your 
vehicle.

 GRAPHS: the most common application of derivative is to analyze data.
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES IN VARIOUS 
SUBJECTS
 IN ECONOMICS: one of the most common application is to find the marginal cost and establish 
the relationship between marginal revenue , elasticity and maximum total revenue.

 IN PHYSICS: Velocity is the rate of change of position and so, mathematically velocity is the 
derivative of position. The slope of graph position V/S time will give the velocity.

Similarly, acceleration is the rate of change of velocity so, acceleration is the derivative of velocity .                 
the slope of the graph velocity V/S time will give acceleration.

Net force is the rate change of momentum so, the derivative of an object’s momentum will give 
the net force on the body.
CONCLUSION
Derivative are constantly used in everyday life to help measure how much 
something changing. They are used by the government in population censuses, 
various types of subjects. Knowing how to use derivatives, when to use them, and 
how to apply them in everyday life can be a crucial part of any profession.
THANK
YOU

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