Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Plastic bags bring some benefits and problems at the same time. While

their environmental costs are burdensome for communities and the planet. Even

when disposed of properly, plastic bags are so lightweight and aerodynamic, they

are easily picked up and carried by the wind. They can escape from trash bins,

recycle bins, garbage trucks, and landfills, and end up littering the landscape.

Blowing down the street, flapping from trees, clogging storm drains and making

their way out to sea, plastic bags have been referred to as “urban tumbleweeds”

for good reason. And they persist in the environment, causing harm for a very

long time (Terry, 2013).

Currently, recycling, landfills and incineration are the three maim method

of disposing off plastics waste in Lagos, however each of this method has its own

limitation and cannot resolve the root cause of gigantic number of plastics

currently been produced daily in Nigeria. Recycling for instance is associated

with high injury rate, Health hazard due to misuse of PET by consumers who at

times petroleum and chemical products and poor pay package that make the

work less attractive and consequently did not pull the necessary numbers of

personnel required for sorting at and fill center hence, the process is relatively

expensive and inefficient. On the other hand, landfill methods occupy space that

1
can be used for more productive means, especially in a populous state where

accommodation is a challenge and real estate business is at high profit yield rate,

unfortunately plastic will not degrade untimely thereby tying down the land for a

long period of time (Sonaike 2017).

For the purpose of environmental preservation, it has become more

common for consumers to bring their own bags when shopping instead of using

the plastic bags supermarkets and stores provide. Many retail stores encourage

consumers to bring Eco-bags either through the awarding of points to their

member’s card when bringing eco bags or by charging for the use of plastic bags

provided by the store. (Brunner and Rechberger, 2014) most human activities

generates waste. Despite that, the production of wastes remain a major source of

concern as it has always been since pre historic period. In recent times, the rate

and quantity of waste generation have been on the increase. As the volume of

wastes increases, so also does the variety of the waste increases.

The increasing rate of urbanization and developments in emerging

countries is now leading to a repeat of the same historical problems that

developed countries have had to address in the past (Brunner and Rechberger,

2014).Chen and Fearnley (2019), waste management is an essential part of our

everyday lives. Imagine that you had a bag attached to you that carried all of the

trash that you generated each day.

Plastic bags take between 500-1000 years to degrade, however 50%

plastics we use just once and throw away (Eco-watch) hence millions of tons of

2
plastic waste are generated annually, few percentage of this are collected and

recycled while the remaining continue to dominate out landfills and many did no

even made it to the landfill and due to longer years to degrade and indiscriminate

throw away of these plastics bags it is common to find plastics and polythene

bag litters every part of the densely populated area in Lagos and during rainy

season they make their way into drains gutters and canals which eventually

resulted to flooding.

The impact of chemical associated with plastic waste is another growing

concern in the damaging inherent with plastic waste. Although it has not been

clearly established the level of exposure by plastic waste or by which mechanism

the chemical s from plastics may have an impact on human and animals. The

plastic manufacturing us usually characterized the use and dispose of large

amount toxin chemicals (Sonaiko, 2017).

According to President Rodrigo Duterte waste mismanagement has

serious environmental effects making the passage of the republic Act (RA) 9003

or the ecological solid waste Management act of 2000 a landmark environmental

legislation in the Philippines. The law was crafted in response to the looming

garbage problems in the country. RA 9003 declares the policy of the state in

adopting a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management

program that ensures the protection of public health and the environment and the

proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid

waste through the formulation and adoption of best environmental practices.

Moreover, it illustrates the potentials and benefits of recycling not only in

3
addressing waste management problems but also in alleviating poverty (Aquino,

Derequito and Abeleda 2013).

The municipality of Calasiao is a 1st class municipality in the province of

pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of

95,154 people. The municipality of Calasiao is the second oldest town in the

province of pangasinan.  It was founded by the Dominicans in the year 1588. 

Calasiao is derived from the root word “LASI” which means a place of lightning.

Calasiao is where one can find the pilgrim site of the señor divino tesoro and the

only NCCA acknowledged cultural treasure in pangasinan, the sts. peter &paul

parish church. It is also the home of the famous and tasty calasiao puto.

Business in calasiao is classified as small and medium enterprises is total

of 65 businesses. Major grocery chain 7-eleven is the latest organization to make

a move away from free single-use plastic bags. Sign have appeared in 7-eleven

store windows advising that the company is phasing out plastic bags nationally.

The process started using paper bag at the beginning of September

2018.Section 458(vi) of R.A 7160 empowers the sangguniang bayan to protect

the environment and impose appropriate penalties for acts which endanger the

environment including such activities which results in pollution acceleration or

eutrophication of river and lakes or of ecological imbalance.

Importation of plastic bags into the country and lack of enforced

legislations or local ordinance are some of the issues that the government and

relevant stakeholders need to take action and address. In the meantime, local

4
authorities and partners in the project need to continue with the eco-bag

campaign. Public should be provided access to relevant information on the

impacts of plastic bags to the human health and environment. Alternative options

for plastic bags needs to be made available for general public.

This study will assess the implementation of eco-bag among the small and

medium enterprises at Calasiao, Pangasinan. The study aimed at providing

awareness among resident of the said municipality.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to assets implementation of eco-bag in small and medium

enterprises, in Calasiao, Pangasinan. Specifically, the study subjects to answer

the following:

1. What is the profile of the respondent in terms of:

a. Types of Business

b. Number of Employees

c. Year Operating

d. Types of eco bag use

2. What is the level of implementation of eco-bag in small and medium

enterprises, at Calasiao, Pangasinan in terms of the following?

5
 a. Paper bag

b. Eco-bag

3. What are the problems encountered in the implementation of eco-bag?

Significance of the Study

The significance of this study to learn of shift in consumer behavior

towards a green lifestyle and reduce the impact of plastic products to the

environment.

Customer. This study can help the customer to learn about using eco bag

and paper bag properly and help our environment. Customer carrying a custom

reusable bag can expand the reach of the marketing message and drastically

increase the exposure the brad receives. To further sweeten the deal, a reusable

bag can last for years, so you can really get the most value from your marketing

budget.

Business Establishments. Eco-bag help businesses stay competitive

and connect with consumer. As well as designed eco-bag as a strategy is an

important part of staying competitive. Use bags to boost profits by reducing

expenses and to keep your store in consumers mind long after their purchase.

Local Government Units. The use of eco-bag (bayong) will help LGU’s

(Local Government Units) as it would reduce the volume of plastic use and

6
waste, noting that more LGU’s have so far adopting ordinances prohibiting or

regulating plastic bags to minimize their garbage problems.

Future Researchers. This study would help the student researchers to be

aware and knowledgeable of the processes involved in the eco-bag. It would help

them to be a better analyst and it can be help as in the future reference for more

studies in the future.

Scope and Limitation

This study will be limited to the business establishments of total target

respondents is 65 Calasiao, Pangasinan, we also get help from government

agencies who are experts in this field.

This study focused merely on evaluating the factors that can evaluate the

implementation of eco-bag in small and medium enterprises in calasiao,

pangasinan. This includes the demographic profile such as name, age, sex,

educational attainment; and implementation of eco-bag in terms of paper bag

and eco-bag.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined conceptually and operationally for better

understanding of the study.

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 Small and Medium Enterprises. This refers to the business enterprises

in calasiao, pangasinan.

Small Business. This refers to the business that has a start-up capital

that is below one hundred thousand pesos, and employs not more than 10

employees.

Medium Business. This refers to the business that has a start-up capital

that is above one hundred thousand pesos, and employs more than 10

employees but not more than 50 employees.

Implementation. The process of putting a decision or plan into effect

and/or execution.

Eco-Bag. This refers to a reusable bag that are either decomposable or

not decomposable.

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 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents a review of literature and relevant studies from

which the conceptual problem will be drawn.

Literature

Foreign

The eco-bag campaign alternative to plastic bags project is a pilot project

under the regional project financed under the france development agency (AFD)

and implemented by secretariat of the pacific regional environment programme

(SPREP). The aim of this AFD regional solid waste Initiative is to build the

capacity of the pacific island countries to manage wastes through vocational

training, and also to improve the management of waste oil (lubricants) in the

pacific island region.

One of the components of this regional project vocational training is to

provide funding support to selected trainees to develop and implement a project

in their respective countries worth of USD 5000. As such, one of the trainees

from the ministry of environment climate change disaster management and

meteorology (MECDM) developed a proposal for a project titled “eco-bag

campaign” upon return to the country. The proposal was approved for the

9
implementation of the pilot project at honiara central market. Initial

implementation of the pilot project on eco-bag campaign was then conducted in

(2014).

The ministry of environment (MECDM) as the leading stakeholder in close

collaboration with the ministry of health & medical services and honiara city

council recognizes the need to address the issue of plastic wastes. It was then

agreed that that the urgent issue that needs to be addressed is the plastic bag

reduction campaign through the promotion of friendly eco-bags to minimize the

use and sale of plastic bags in the honiara city (2015).

Plastic takes decades or centuries to self-biodegrade or destroy. Without

accelerated biodegradation, untreated packaging will continue to pile up

subsequently contributing to pollution, limiting space and forcing need to build

more landfills .SAW eco builds its reputation through the years by being

resourceful in the plastic industry and fostering trust and strong partnerships with

customers, suppliers and manufacturers. We work with technology developers

and manufacturers to offer products that are better for the environment and

future generation .SAW eco Company advocates reuse, reduce, and recycle.

Eventual removal of plastic waste when using plastic to save the environment -

through more use of recycled resins and biodegradable additive technology in

the manufacture of plastic product and packaging.

Plastic as we know it has only really existed for the last 60-70 years, but in

that time it has transformed everything from clothing, cooking and catering, to

product design, engineering and retailing. One of the great advantages of many

10
types of plastic is that they're designed to last - for a very long time . Every year,

the world produces more than two billion tons of waste enough to fill a fleet of

trash trucks to circle the world 24 times, according to sustainability project the

World Counts (Noman, 2015).

Local

The growing concern about the environment gave birth to the green

marketing efforts in different nations especially in the Philippines (Gregorio,

2015). It cannot be denied that the rapid economic growth brought by shopping

malls to the cities and towns have some associated environmental costs. For

instance, plastic bags used by supermarkets or hypermarkets that scattered in

riversides, schools, public parks, restaurants, parking spaces and national

highways may lead to pollution, contamination and may produce diseases to the

public. Although, some measures had been introduced to mitigate the problem

such as the use of oxo-biodegradable plastic bags but the efforts seemed lacking

since the problem is prevalent (Gano-an, 2018).

The drive to support the green consumerism must not be confined within

the company’s perspective and from the viewpoint of the government or

environmentalists, instead it will take into account the significance of the local

consumers, their behavior and perception to it. Although there were studies

about green marketing in the Philippines, however published findings on the

ecological and green marketing issues within the context of developing cities and

towns in relation to the use of Eco Friendly Bags are apparently unavailable. In

11
view of the foregoing reason, the researcher was prompted to conduct a study

regarding this issue to understand the perception of local consumers and

consider this gap to evaluate the preferences of consumers on the use of eco-

friendly bags in shopping ( Gano-an, 2018).

In an attempt to curb the use of plastic bags when shopping, several

environmentalists in cooperation with the government sector launched

environmental campaigns trying to create environmental awareness among

consumers. The fundamental purpose of this study waste evaluate the

perception of the local consumers in the city of Tagum, Philippines towards the

use of eco-friendly bags.

Studies

Foreign

Ecology has been greatly disturbed due to the indiscriminate use of

plastics that do not decompose for a long period of time. Environmental

consciousness had been a concern of the past decades (Thi & Giang 2014),

in fact, ecological problems were marked as early as 1980 which include:

global warming, greenhouse effect, pollution and climate change and these

are present in the industrial environment (Sandu 2014).

Eighty percent of Indian consumers prefer eco-friendly brands for they

believe that these products are less harmful to the environment. The highly

negative environmental effects of plastics, the demand for eco-friendly

products created necessary pressure to guarantee a cleaner ecosystem. Thus,

12
consumers showed great interest in green products since its performance

was significantly affected by environmental beliefs (Radesh, Ndia & Maheshwari

2014).

While the natural environment of Vietnam is at alarming level,

Vietnamese consumer seemed to have limited and insincere insights on

environmental protection and the demand for environmentally friendly

products are low (Thi & Giang 2014). Thai consumers, on the other hand

showed special interest in buying green or environmentally friendly products,

however, the environmental relevance or benefit of these products are still

unclearly perceived by a wider market (Arttachariya 2010).

The world today is facing a dire and overwhelming problem plastic

pollution. Every year, people are dumping over eight million tons of plastic on the

ocean, which destroys marine habitats across the world slowly. Nowadays, one

of the easiest and most economical ways of decreasing plastic consumption

comes in the form of eco-friendly bags. Eco-bags bring numerous advantages of

using plastic bags, such as reusability and convenience. The only problem with

eco-bags, though, is that they are still not widely adopted.

Local

This study by Jonathan C. Gano-an (2018) there has been a radical shift

in consumer behavior towards a green lifestyle. Environmentalists were involved

in massive green marketing campaigns trying to reduce the impact of plastic

13
products to the environment. However, the problem is prevalent and evolved

continuously. This paper furnishes a vital overview on the current environmental

issues caused by plastic bags being used by hypermarkets and supermarkets.

Consumer preferences and their perceptions on the use of eco bags were the

high-lights of this research.

The study revealed that consumers have the highest perception on the

use of Eco-Bags in terms of environmental benefits. High level of consumer

awareness about Eco-Friendly bags as part of the green marketing campaign

was found out. Further, re-search showed that consumers have no doubts of

accepting the new marketing cam-paign as public acceptance exhibited a result

of high level. The green marketing efforts of businesses generates substantive

insights from the perspective of the consumers, as such, it is imperative that

these efforts be intensively carried out and endlessly pro-mote the green

marketing efforts as the consumers affirmed their support by putting a greener

value to it (Ibid, 2018).

This study also infers that the perceived environmental benefits of Eco-

friendly bags are at high level. In deciding whether to use plastic bag or a

tote/Eco-bag, consumers would tend to consider the environmental advantage of

an Eco-bag. Although the bag entails costs, but consumers still showed interest

and they perceived themselves to be ready to pay for its price to reduce pollution

and support to the environment. The high level of perception about the price of

Eco-bags is a good claim that consumers are putting a greener value to this bag.

Basically, the consumers considered the opportunity cost of cellophanes, in this

14
case. The society, at large is ready to accept the challenge of protecting the

environment as public acceptance is at high level as well. Consumers never

doubted to welcome the campaign (Ibid, 2018).

The loving natures of Filipino consumers for the environment was shown

and were readily available to embrace the green marketing initiatives. As to the

demographic or moderating variables of the study, only gender showed a

significant difference, survey reveals that female consumes showed more

interest on the green marketing efforts. Marital status and age are not statistically

significant in this case, therefore there is no sufficient evidence to claim that age

and marital status have an influence on the way consumer perceive the green

marketing efforts of private and public sectors (Ibid, 2018).

In parallel to the policies enshrined in Republic Act 9003 otherwise known

as Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, local governments may

supply eco bags for free in cooperation with the local environmentalists and

environmental institutions. Wide dissemination on the ecological marketing

efforts and continuous education of the injurious impact of plastics must be

intensively carried out. The smart use social media can definitely help reach the

target group of consumers and can be a good step towards a green lifestyle (Ibid,

2018).

Theoretical Framework

This study is based on the “Theory of planned behavior approach to

understand the purchasing behavior for environmentally sustainable products” by

15
(Kumar 2012) who stated that environmental knowledge incorporates the level of

environmental consciousness among individuals, relationships with various

aspects of ecosystem and a sense of understanding to keep the environment

undamaged for the next years. He also stressed that a consumer’s knowledge

about his/her environment is the key factor to consider in buying environmentally

sustainable products, which in this study, the Eco-friendly bags. Consumer’s

knowledge largely stimulates the way they think and act in an environmentally

conscious way.

Conceptual Framework

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

A. Types of A. Paper bag

Business. B. Eco bag
B. Number of
Employees
C. Year Operating.
D. Types of eco bag
use.

Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm.

The paradigm of the study was illustrated in figure 1. The input is the

business profile, related in Implemented eco bag. The output of the study that

was gathered was to determine the implementation of eco bag in small and

medium enterprises at calasiao, pangasinan. The input will serve as the basis for

the study, these represents the demographic profile and the problems

encountered I terms of packaging, reusability, and eco-friendliness.

16
 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter present the researcher methodology used in the conduct of

the study. It includes research design, population sample, data gathering

instrument, data gathering procedures and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The researchers will use the descriptive survey type of research method,

which is particularly appropriate for this study because it involves acquiring

information about one or more group of people, perhaps about their opinions

attitudes or previous experiences by asking them a questions and tabulating their

answer.

Subject of the Study

The criteria will be the involvement in the process of implementing the

usage of eco-bag in their selected enterprise, weather be it small and/or medium

scale. The respondent of the study includes primarily enterprises in Calasiao,

Pangasinan.

Sources of Data

There will be two sources of data in this study. The primary source of data

will be the data that will be gathered for this study. The secondary data will be the

data that will be taken for books, journals, magazines from the library.

17
 Table 1

Type of Business Number of Respondent

Grocery 16
Pharmacy 6
Agricultural Supply 8
Minimart 35
Total 65

Data Gathering Instruments

A structured questionnaire with a rating scale was prepared by the

researcher, the questionnaire which aims to determine the implementation of

eco-bag in small and medium enterprises in Calasiao, Pangasinan, perceived by

the respondents along with their demographic profile, government ordinance,

internal policies, marketing decision, and costumer inputs. The draft of the

questionnaire was drawn out based on the researcher’s previous studies,

readings, published and unpublished thesis relevant to the study and also

professional literature.

Data Gathering Procedure

Prior to the actual data gathering, the researcher will seek approval from

the target establishments. A consent form was prepared and will be properly

explained to the respondents.

18
 Upon approval, the distribution of the questionnaire will be done by the

researcher together with a personal hand-carried letter soliciting support for the

conduct of the study.

Proper explanation about the purpose of the study will be made and

ethical considerations regarding the conduct of the study will be appropriately

followed. After gathering the data, it will be properly tallied and tabulated

according to the research problem as the response of the respondents. Then,

thorough analysis and interpretation of the collected data will be made to come

up with valid unbiased results.

Statistical treatment of data

The proper statistical tools are the frequency count percentage distribution and

the average weighted mean to set at accurate and specific interpretation of

result.

To answer problem 1, Percentage was used as tool to determine the

demographic profile of the respondent.

Formula:
f
P= X100
n

Where:
P = percentage

f = frequency

n = total number of respondents

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 To answer problem 2, Average weighted mean was used to determine the

online job portal preferences of the respondents in terms of functional

requirements, non – functional requirements and online job portal preferences.

Formula:
AWN =
∑ fx
n

Where:

AWM= Average Weighted Mean

⅀= total

N = number of respondents

X = relative value/scale

N = total number of respondents

This mean that was computed was analyzed and interpreted using the mean

scale range and its descriptive equivalent below.

Statistical Limit Descriptive Equivalent

4.51 - 5.00 Strongly Agree

3.51 - 4.50 Agree

2.51 - 3.50 Tend to Agree

1.51 – 2.50 Disagree

1.00 – 1.50 Strongly Disagree

20
 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the findings of the study, presented, analyzed and

interpret to answer the specific questions posited in Chapter 1.

Profile of the Respondents

Profile of the respondents in terms of types of business, number of

employee, year operating and types of eco bag use. The table below presents

the results of the profile of the respondents in terms of types of business, number

of employee, year operating and types of eco bag use.

21
 Table 1 shows the evaluation of the respondents in terms of types of

business, number of employee, year operating and types of eco bag use. Based

on the table, majority of the respondents in types of business are from minimarts.

This implies it is easy to set up and the cost or the capital of starting minimart is

very low. This finding is similar to the study of Ministry of Environment Climate

Change Disaster Management & Meteorology (2015), which claims that

consumer was purchasing goods in minimarts in their everyday life. Next in line,

in terms of number of employee, majority of them are in bracket 1 to5 with the

frequency of 27% which implies that businesses have less number of employee

and is similar to the study of Jonathan Gano-an (2017) claims that employee is

an assets of any business.

Table 1
Profile of the Respondents
Profile of the Respondents Frequency Percentage
Types of Business

Pharmacy 8 8%
Minimart 35 35%
Grocery 16 16%
Agricultural Supply 6 6%
Number of Employee
1–5 27 27%
6 – 10 13 13%
11 – 15 16 16%
16 Above 9 9%

22
 Year Operating

1 year below 14 14%

1 year and 1 month – 5 years 27 27%
5 years and 1 month – 10 18 18%
years
10 years above 6 6%
Types of Eco-bag Use
Paper Bag 10 10%
Recycle Plasitic 55 55%
Eco Bag 0 0%
Total 100 100%

As to year operating, one year and one month to five years garnered both

27%. This implies that _________________________. This finding is similar to

the study of Kishimoto, N (2014) that these year of operating may affect the

contribution of plastic and eco-bag in the community. Types of eco-bag use,

majority of the respondents use recycle plastic which is 55% from the total

respondents and this finding is similar to the study of Pahal (2018) that the

humble paper bag has been redesigned into a tough, reusable tote that offers a

potential cottage industry for poor city-dwellers. Ecobags employ an innovative

design that recycles simple materials and can be cheaply and easily assembled

en masse.

Table 2.A

Evaluation of the respondents on the implementation of eco-bag in

terms of durability.

23
 Durability Weighted
Mean Descriptive Rating
a. Paper bag can be used sever time?
Agree
4.06

b. Paper bag carries a wide range of product?

3.98 Agree
c. Paper bag can withstand loads up to 12kg?
3.38 Agree

d. Paper bag has a high level of mechanical

3.65 Agree
strength?
e. Paper bag take up more storage space
3.83 Agree
than a plastic bag?
Overall Weighted Mean 3.78 Agree

Table 2 revealed the evaluation of the implementation of eco-bag in

Calasiao, Pangasinan in terms durability. The results revealed that indicator a got

the highest weighted mean of 4.06 with descriptive rating of agree which implies

that Eco bags provide a clean, safe, and eco-friendly alternative. Made of 100

per cent biodegradable material – old newspaper bags, jute twine, and flour-

based adhesive – Eco-bags can bear a stronger load than conventional bags

(2018), while indicator c got the lowest weighted mean of 3.38 with descriptive

rating of agree which implies that The durable and reusable bags can be mass-

produced by self-help groups in common facility centers, and then sold to the

public Pahal (2018).

Table 2. B

Evaluation of the respondents on the implementation of service cooperative in

terms of product.

24
 Weighted
Product
Mean Descriptive Rating
a. Paper bag is used to package beverages?
3.74 Agree

b. Paper bag is used to package 4.32 Agree

personal/care?
c. Paper bag is used to package medicine 4.51 Agree

d. Paper bag is used to package agricultural

3.89 Agree
supply
e. Paper bag is used to package
4.54 Agree
bread/bakery?
Overall Weighted Mean 4.20 Agree

Table 3 revealed the evaluation of the implementation of eco bag in

Calasiao, Pangasinan in terms product. The results revealed that indicator d got

the highest weighted mean of 4.54 with descriptive rating of agree, while

indicator a got the lowest weighted mean of 3.74 with descriptive rating of agree

which implies that paper bags cannot be used in any beverages . This is similar

to the study of Honoria (2015) which states that

_____________________________.

Table 2.C

Evaluation of the respondents on the implementation of eco bag in terms of

safety.

Weighted
Safety
Mean Descriptive Rating
a. The paper bag is not a toxic?
Agree
4.38

25
 b. Paper bag are 100% biodegradable,
reusable and recyclable? 4.29 Agree

c. Paper bag are safe use for children

4.41 Agree
d. Paper bag are made from a renewable
resource and are biodegradable? 4.38 Agree

e. Paper bags are safer pets, wildlife and

4.23 Agree
marine life?
Overall Weighted Mean 4.34 Agree

Table 4 revealed the evaluation of the implementation of eco bag in

Calasiao, Pangasinan in terms safety. The results revealed that indicator c got

the highest weighted mean of 4.41 with descriptive rating of agree which implies

The durable and reusable bags can be mass-produced by self-help groups in

common facility centers, and then sold to the public Pahal (2018), while indicator

e got the lowest weighted mean of 4.23 with descriptive rating of agree.

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This contains the research summary, conclusion and recommendations of

the whole study. The findings of the without so much detailed is written on the

summary. Generation and other interference would be seen in the conclusion

26
while recommendation of the researchers to the beneficiaries of this study can

also be seen in this chapter. Generally this chapter aims to cover up end result of

the study.

Summary

This study sought to assess the consumers in implementation of eco bag

in Calasiao, Pangasinan. Specifically, it sought to answer the personal profiles of

the business in terms of types of business, number of employee, year operating

and types of eco bag use, also the assessment of the respondents on the

implementation of eco bag in Calasiao, Pangasinan in terms of Durability,

product and safety .Moreover, the relationship between the profile of the

business contribution of consumer, the problem encountered and significance of

the relationship between the profile of the business and the contribution of

consumer in implementing eco bags.

Descriptive research design was used by the researchers in this study. A

well-mainly questionnaire was constructed by the researchers which includes the

demographic profile of the respondents, and statements that will be able to

assess the contribution of consumer in implementing eco bags. Variables in the

literature are used to determine some issue concerning the study.

Salient of Findings

Based on the result of the study, the following findings are presented

27
 1. Majority of the respondents are minimart, with 1-5 employees, paper

bag, recycle bag and eco bag is worthy to be taken into account in

assessing the contribution of consumer in implementation of eco bag.

2. The researchers found out that the majority of the respondents are

aware of their contribution in the implementation of eco bag. Paper bag,

recycle plastic, and eco bag are capable of the business because it is

much they need to do.

3. The study unveils the problems encountered by the business in

implementing eco bag is belief that change is inevitable because of the

environment changes or climate change.

4. The researchers found out that there is a significant relationship

between the profile of the business, and the contribution of consumer in

implementing eco bag.

Conclusion

The following conclusion are deduced from findings:

1.

Recommendation

The following recommendation are posited based on findings:

1. The researchers recommend that there is need to facilitate the use of

eco bags to avoid the use of recyclable plastic.

28
2. It is recommended to encourage the development of paper bag to carry

out goods and beverages with 12 kg weight and up.

3. It is recommended to issue a memorandum regarding the

implementation of eco bag in city proper to inform the public.

29