ABS Implementation of IMO Polar Code

John Dolny
Senior Engineer, ABS HETC

Reston, VA
19 July 2016

PRESENTATION TO MARSHALL ISLANDS REGISTRY

ABS Involvement in the Polar Code

 IACS is participating and assisting in the Polar Code development

 Project Team PT-61
– Develop certain Polar Waters Operational Manual (PWOM) contents
– Informal working group to develop guidance for operational limitations
and Polar Ship Certificate (PSC) contents
 Project Team PT-49 augment IACS UR
 ABS chairs the IACS Expert Group to
coordinate all Polar Code activities
 ABS assisted US Delegation to IMO on
Polar Code
 Conferences, seminars, workshops, etc.

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ABS Advisory on the IMO Polar Code

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Overview

 Key components of IMO Polar Code

 Parent Instruments
 Organization
 Applicability
 Operational Assessment
 Polar Water Operational Manual (PWOM)
 Polar Ship Certification (PSC)
 Overview of Draft ABS Implementation Approach
 Example process instructions (PIs)
 Chapter 3 – Ship Structure
 Chapter 4 – Subdivision and Stability
 Chapter 5 – Watertight and Weathertight Integrity

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IMO Polar Code

 Polar Code will become a mandatory instrument

 Stand-alone publication made mandatory through amendments to
SOLAS, MARPOL, and STCW conventions
 Add-on code to existing conventions
 New SOLAS Ch. XIV
 Amendments to individual MARPOL Annexes
 Amendments to STCW Code – Chapter V (Special Training
Requirements)
 A combination of GBS and risk-based
approach
 High level goals
 Functional requirements (linked to hazards)
to fulfill the goal
 Regulations
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Code Structure

 Aligned for logical integration into parent

instruments
 Part I: Safety Measures
 Part I-A (Mandatory)
– Operations, training, structures, stability, subdivision,
machinery, fire protection, life-saving, navigation
 Part I-B (Recommendatory guidance)
 Part II: Pollution Prevention Measures
 Annex I – Oil pollution
 Annex II – Noxious liquid substances
 Annex IV – Sewage
 Annex V – Garbage
 Part II – B – guidance and recommendations

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Applicability: Part I-A

 Mandatory for ships operating in polar waters

 Arctic waters; Antarctic area
 Entry-into-force date: 1 January 2017
 New and existing ships certificated under SOLAS
Chapter I
 Cargo ships > 500 gross tons
 Passenger ships > 12 passengers
 Domestic and international voyages
 Existing ships
 First intermediate or renewal survey
after 1 January 2018
 Exemptions: Government vessels not
in commercial service
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Definition of Polar Waters

 Arctic waters
 Generally north of latitude 60°N
 Deviations to include southern Greenland and exclude Iceland,
Norwegian coastline
 Roughly based on maximum ice extent
 Antarctic area: south of latitude 60°S

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Code Structure: Part I-A

 Part 1-A
 Chapter 1 – General
 Chapter 2 – Polar Waters Operational Manual (PWOM)
 Chapter 3 – Ship Structure
 Chapter 4 – Subdivision and Stability
 Chapter 5 – Watertight and Weathertight Integrity
 Chapter 6 – Machinery Installations
 Chapter 7 – Fire Safety/Protection
 Chapter 8 – Life-saving Appliances
 Chapter 9 – Safety of Navigation
 Chapter 10 – Communication
 Chapter 11 – Voyage Planning
 Chapter 12 – Manning and Training
M/V Nanuq– Ice Class A1 (Source: Shell)

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Operational Assessment (Chapter 1)

 Required for all ships – assessment of ship and equipment for

anticipated range of operating and environmental conditions
 Operations in low air temperature, operations in ice
 Operations in high latitude
 Potential for abandonment on ice or land
 Hazards identified by the Polar Code + additional hazards
 Assessment report to be reviewed by Flag/RO
 Conditions for regulations
 Required survival equipment
 Operational limitations
 Procedures for compliance with regulations
 Flag/RO involvement and role
 ABS can facilitate
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Operational Assessment - Resources

 Participation
 Company individuals / crew members familiar with subject vessel and
its equipment
 Navigating officer(s) with relevant Polar experience
 [Classification society]
 [Flag state]
 [Coastal administration]
 Resources/Data
 Sea ice data for operational area
 Temperature data for operational area
 Locations of ports/places for safe refuge
 Availability of SAR
 Availability of port facilities (bunker, waste disposal, provisions, etc.)

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Operational Assessment - Process

 Define operational profile

 Region(s)/route(s), period of operation, independent/escorted, temperature
and ice conditions
 Determine relevant Polar hazards
 Polar Code list + any additional hazards
 Determine conditions for regulations
 Ice, ice accretion, low temperature, high latitude, category, new/existing, etc.
 Evaluate ship, systems, and equipment against Polar hazards
 Risk assessment methodology
 Identify and select risk control measures
 Design feature or procedural
 Determine operational limitations
 Assessment report to be reviewed by Flag/RO
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Polar Code: Sources of Hazards

 3.1 – Ice loads; structure, machinery, equipment etc…

 3.2 – Topside Icing; Stability and equipment
 3.3 – Low Temperatures; Equipment, Material, Human
Performance etc…
 3.4 – Darkness; Navigation and human performance
 3.5 – High latitude; Navigation systems, communications etc..
 3.6 – Remoteness; Lack of hydrographic data, limited SAR etc…
 3.7 – Crew Inexperience; Potential human error.
 3.8 – Lack of Emergency Response Equipment
 3.9 – Rapid changing weather
 3.10 – Environmental Sensitivity
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Risk Assessment Methodologies

 Company is ultimately responsibility to select an appropriate

methodology
 Establish acceptable level of risk
 Quality will depend on resources available in operational assessment
 References
 IMO Circular MSC-MEPC .2/Circ.12, Appendix 3, Revised Guidelines
for formal Safety Assessment for Use in the IMO rulemaking Process
 IEC/ISO 31010 Risk Management - Risk Assessment Techniques
 ABS Guide for Risk Evaluation for the Classification of Marine-
related Facilities (2003)
 ABS Guidance Notes on Review and Approval of Novel Concepts
(2003)
 ABS Guidance Notes on Risk Assessment Applications for the
Marine and Offshore Oil and Gas Industries (2000)

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 Operational Assessment Example -
Hydraulics for Watertight Doors
Item Hydraulics for watertight doors (PC 5.3.2.1)
Low temperature
Hazard Risk level determined
Increased viscosity of hydraulic fluids
Scenario by assessment of
Reduced functionality - inability to adequately control flooding
Risk(s) probability and
Design
-Hydraulic oils specified for low temperatures (rated to PST)
consequence
Risk control Procedural
measure(s) -Crews to monitor ambient temperature and forecasted daily lows
Risk control measure
-Oil specification for the system is to be included in the PWOM to be selected based
-Lowest temperature for the oil, or instructions for the crew on how to on established
determine the lower temperature for the oil
PWOM -Contingencies for temperatures below the oil’s design temperature acceptable risk level

-Operational assessment report to indicate selected risk control PWOM to include

measure
-Hydraulic fluids of exposed watertight and weathertight doors, hatches
relevant procedures
ABS Review and closing devices shall be rated to the PST or otherwise be noted in
Notes the PWOM

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 Operational Assessment Example -
Escape Routes
Item Escape Routes (PC 8.3.1.1)
Hazard Topsize icing
Scenario
Ice accretion covers escape route resulting in a slippery surface Risk level determined
Risk(s) Crew slipping and falling during an emergency by assessment of
Design probability and
-Escape routes and embarking stations are enclosed and protected
from ice accretion consequence
System
Risk control -Anti-icing heat tracing or heated mats installed in way of emergency
measure(s) escape routes Risk control measure
Procedural
-Navigation procedures (speed and heading) to minimize ice accretion to be selected based
-Crews to monitor ice accretion at critical areas and remove as on established
necessary
-Procedures for ship handling to minimize ice accretion acceptable risk level
-Procedures for monitoring ice accretion at critical areas
PWOM -Identification of systems / tools for de-icing
-Procedures for crew to safely remove the ice
PWOM to include
-Operational assessment report to indicate selected risk control relevant procedures
measure
-ABS engineering/documentation review to verify procedures for ice
ABS Review monitoring and removal
Notes - ABS survey to verify that ship has appropriate tools onboard for
crews to perform procedure. e.g. shovels, mallets etc…

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Polar Waters Operational Manual (Chapter 2)

 PWOM includes a collection of operational procedures for Polar

environment
 Operations in ice and low temperatures
 Measures to be taken if conditions exceed design capabilities
 High latitude communications and navigation
 Arrangements for environmental conditions/forecasts
 Emergency response contingency (salvage, SAR, OSR, etc.)
 Voyage planning
 PWOM required for all ships but
not subject to flag state approval
 Operational assessment report will
provide input
 PWOM to be reviewed by Flag/RO

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Polar Ship Certificate (Chapter 1)

 Required for all ships

 Approval by flag, issued after survey
 Survey waiver for Category C cargo
ships
 No structural modifications or
additional equipment
 Documented verification
 Certificate contents
 Ship category & ice class
 Operating drafts (ice waterlines)
 Polar Service Temperature
 Operational limitations
 PSC to be approved by Flag/RO
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Polar Ship Certificate (Chapter 1)

 Supplemental record of equipment

 Similar to Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Record
 Lists LSA, navigation and communications equipment required by
the Polar Code beyond SOLAS

Communication equipment

Lifesaving appliances

Navigation equipment

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 DRAFT
Overview of ABS Approach to PSC

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 DRAFT
Polar Code Hazards

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 DRAFT
Example PI – Chapter 3

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 DRAFT
Example PI – Chapter 4

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 DRAFT
Example PI – Chapter 5

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Ongoing Work at ABS

 Engineering PIs and Checksheets (Chapter-by-chapter)

 Survey PIs and Checksheets (Chapter-by-chapter)
 Necessary rule changes
 Coordination with flag administrations
 Operational Assessment
 Risk analysis methodologies and Polar Code templates
 Review III 3-8 Submission on Amendments to Survey Guidelines
 Training ABS plan approval engineers and surveyors
 IACS Hull Panel
 Ice Class equivalency guidelines
 Operational limitations (PSC standard wording)

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 Additional Slides

∙ Operational limitations in Ice

∙ POLARIS
∙ Ice Data Sources & Example
∙ Temperature Data Sources & Example

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Operational Limitations in Ice

 All Polar Ships are required to have ship-specific documentation

on operational limitations in ice conditions
 Identified on the PSC with reference to an acceptable methodology
 Canadian Zone/Date System
 Rigid access control based on historical conditions
 Canadian Arctic Ice Regime Shipping System
 Flexible based on real-time conditions (AIRSS)
 Russian Ice Passport / Certification
© Transport Canada
 Detailed ship-specific description
(e.g. safe speed in ice)
 IMO’s POLARIS
 Risk-based limitations for planning and
decision making © CNIIMF

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POLARIS Operational Limitations

 Risk-based ice limitation system for planning and decision making

 Developed in support of IMO Polar Code regulations for
operational limitations in ice
 Work initiated by IACS with support from Arctic states
 POLARIS: Polar Operation Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System
 Links ice class and actual ice conditions
 Makes use of standardized WMO Egg
Code
 Published in May 2016 as an IMO
Circular

© HULLMOS

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 POLARIS

 Decision support system  POLARIS is not intended

to replace Master’s
 Voyage planning
judgement
 Ice navigation

ASSESSMENT OF DECISION TO POLARIS

INPUT
RISK OPERATE TERMINOLOGY

Actual ice conditions Don’t operate Operation subject to

special consideration
Ship’s ice class
More cautious Elevated operational
POLARIS operation
Icebreaker escort risk
or independent
Operate Normal level of risk

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‘Egg Code’ Example

 Total concentration 6/10ths

 4/10th thick first year ice (#4·)
 1/10th second year ice (#8·)
 1/10th multi-year ice (#9·)

Total
6 Concentration

Partial
4 1 1 Concentration

Stage of
4 8 9. Development

Form of Ice
3 (floe size)

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Risk Level to Operational Decision

 Assessment of limitations – Risk Index Outcome (RIO)

 Basic calculation procedure
 Sum of [Ice Concentrations (C) x Risk Values (RV)]
 RIO = (C1xRV1)+(C2xRV2)+(C3xRV3)+(C4xRV4)
 C1…C4 - concentrations of ice types within ice regime
 RV1…RV4 – corresponding risk index values for each ice class
 Risk Values (RV) are a function of
ship ice class, season of operation,
and operations state (independent
operation or icebreaker escort)

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POLARIS Key Concept: Partial Ice Concentration

 Risk values (RVs) depend on ice type and ice class

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POLARIS: Evaluation Criteria (Independent
Operations)
 Normal operations
 Recommendation to proceeded but not to proceed blindly
 Elevated operational risk
 Recommendation to proceed more cautiously, recommended
speed limits included
 Operations subject to
special consideration
 Recommendation not to
proceed
 Avoidance, re-routing,
further speed reduction

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Ice Data Sources

 World Meteorological Organization

(WMO)
 Standards for sea ice charting &
observations
 Standard format of “egg code” will
be used for ice reporting world wide
 “Egg Code” provides information on
concentration (10ths of coverage),
type of ice and floe size
 Available ice data
 Canadian Ice Service
 US National Ice Center
 Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
 Danish Meteorological Institute

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Ice Charts

 Example ice chart products

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Ice Charts Available for Alaskan Waters

 US National/Naval Ice Center (NIC)

 Chukchi Sea
 Beaufort Sea
 Bering Sea West
 Bering Sea East
 Typically produced
every 2-3 days

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POLARIS Calculations – 10 Year Monthly
Average, Non-ice Class

Ice Data Source: US Naval/National Ice Center 37

Temperature in the Polar Code

 For ships operating in low air temperature,

 Systems and equipment shall be fully functional at the PST
 Survival systems and equipment shall be fully operational at the PST
during the maximum expected rescue time
 Low air temperature: LMDLT < -10°C
 Polar Service Temperature (PST): LMDLT - 10°C
 First formal treatment of design temperature by IMO
 Implications
 Operational limitations
 Materials
 Safety equipment
 Testing regimes
 Certification procedures

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Temperature Data Sources

 Land-based weather stations

 Hourly temperature records typically available for 10+ years
 Hindcast model data
 NOAA Global Forecast System (GFS)
 National Operational Model Archive &
Distribution System
(http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/)
 4 realizations per day (6 hour intervals)
 Data provided on global grids
 Latest revision of ABS LTE Guide
includes data processed according
to LMDLT

Hindcast Data – LMDLT, 15 February

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 Mean Daily Low Temperature (MDLT) - Alaska
Jan Feb Mar Apr

May Jun Jul Aug

Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature Data Source: NOAA Global Forecast System (GFS) 40

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