21:14, 24/02/2022 PY0101EN-3-2-Loops

Loops in Python
Estimated time needed: 20 minutes

Objectives
After completing this lab you will be able to:

work with the loop statements in Python, including for-loop and while-loop.

Loops in Python
Welcome! This notebook will teach you about the loops in the Python Programming Language. By the end of
this lab, you'll know how to use the loop statements in Python, including for loop, and while loop.

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Table of Contents

Loops (https://#loop)
Range (https://range/?
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What is for loop? (https://for/?
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What is while loop? (https://while/?
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Quiz on Loops (https://#quiz)

Loops

Range

Sometimes, you might want to repeat a given operation many times. Repeated executions like this are
performed by loops. We will look at two types of loops, for loops and while loops.

Before we discuss loops lets discuss the range object. It is helpful to think of the range object as an ordered
list. For now, let's look at the simplest case. If we would like to generate an object that contains elements ordered
from 0 to 2 we simply use the following command:

In [1]:

# Use the range

range(3)

Out[1]:

range(0, 3)

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NOTE: While in Python 2.x it returned a list as seen in video lessons, in 3.x it returns a range object.

What is for loop?

The for loop enables you to execute a code block multiple times. For example, you would use this if you would
like to print out every element in a list.\
Let's try to use a for loop to print all the years presented in the list
dates :

This can be done as follows:

In [2]:

# For loop example

dates = [1982,1980,1973]

N = len(dates)

for i in range(N):

print(dates[i])

1982

1980

1973

The code in the indent is executed N times, each time the value of i is increased by 1 for every execution.
The statement executed is to print out the value in the list at index i as shown here:

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In this example we can print out a sequence of numbers from 0 to 7:

In [3]:

# Example of for loop

for i in range(0, 8):

print(i)

In Python we can directly access the elements in the list as follows:

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In [4]:

# Exmaple of for loop, loop through list

for year in dates:

print(year)

1982

1980

1973

For each iteration, the value of the variable year behaves like the value of dates\[i] in the first example:

We can change the elements in a list:

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In [5]:

# Use for loop to change the elements in list

squares = ['red', 'yellow', 'green', 'purple', 'blue']

for i in range(0, 5):

print("Before square ", i, 'is', squares[i])

squares[i] = 'white'

print("After square ", i, 'is', squares[i])

Before square 0 is red

After square 0 is white

Before square 1 is yellow

After square 1 is white

Before square 2 is green

After square 2 is white

Before square 3 is purple

After square 3 is white

Before square 4 is blue

After square 4 is white

We can access the index and the elements of a list as follows:

In [6]:

# Loop through the list and iterate on both index and element value

squares=['red', 'yellow', 'green', 'purple', 'blue']

for i, square in enumerate(squares):

print(i, square)

0 red

1 yellow

2 green

3 purple

4 blue

What is while loop?

As you can see, the for loop is used for a controlled flow of repetition. However, what if we don't know when
we want to stop the loop? What if we want to keep executing a code block until a certain condition is met? The
while loop exists as a tool for repeated execution based on a condition. The code block will keep being
executed until the given logical condition returns a False boolean value.

Let’s say we would like to iterate through list dates and stop at the year 1973, then print out the number of
iterations. This can be done with the following block of code:

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In [7]:

# While Loop Example

dates = [1982, 1980, 1973, 2000]

i = 0

year = dates[0]

while(year != 1973):

print(year)

i = i + 1

year = dates[i]

print("It took ", i ,"repetitions to get out of loop.")

1982

1980

It took 2 repetitions to get out of loop.

A while loop iterates merely until the condition in the argument is not met, as shown in the following figure:

Quiz on Loops
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Write a for loop the prints out all the element between -5 and 5 using the range function.

In [8]:

# Write your code below and press Shift+Enter to execute

for i in range(-5,6):

print(i)

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

Click here for the solution

Print the elements of the following list: Genres=\[ 'rock', 'R\&B', 'Soundtrack', 'R\&B', 'soul',
'pop']
Make sure you follow Python conventions.

In [9]:

# Write your code below and press Shift+Enter to execute

Genres = ['rock', 'R&B', 'Soundtrack', 'R&B', 'soul', 'pop']

n = len(Genres)

for i in range(n):

print(Genres[i])

rock

R&B

Soundtrack

R&B

soul

pop

Click here for the solution

Write a for loop that prints out the following list: squares=\['red', 'yellow', 'green', 'purple',
'blue']

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In [10]:

# Write your code below and press Shift+Enter to execute

squares = ['red', 'yellow', 'green', 'purple', 'blue']

for square in squares:

print(square)

red

yellow

green

purple

blue

Click here for the solution

Write a while loop to display the values of the Rating of an album playlist stored in the list PlayListRatings . If
the score is less than 6, exit the loop. The list PlayListRatings is given by: PlayListRatings = \[10,
9.5, 10, 8, 7.5, 5, 10, 10]

In [16]:

# Write your code below and press Shift+Enter to execute

PlayListRatings = [10, 9.5, 10, 8, 7.5, 5, 10, 10]

i = 0

Rating = PlayListRatings[0]

while (i < len(PlayListRatings) and Rating >= 6):

Rating = PlayListRatings[i]

print(Rating)

i = i + 1

10

9.5

10

7.5

Click here for the solution

Click here for the solution

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Write a while loop to copy the strings 'orange' of the list squares to the list new_squares . Stop and exit
the loop if the value on the list is not 'orange' :

In [15]:

# Write your code below and press Shift+Enter to execute

squares = ['orange', 'orange', 'purple', 'blue ', 'orange']

new_squares = []

i = 0

while (i < len(squares) and squares[i] == 'orange'):

new_squares.append(squares[i])

i = i + 1

print(new_squares)

['orange', 'orange']

Click here for the solution

The last exercise!

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Author
Joseph Santarcangelo (https://www.linkedin.com/in/joseph-s-50398b136/?
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2021-01-01)

Other contributors
Mavis Zhou (https://www.linkedin.com/in/jiahui-mavis-zhou-a4537814a?
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2021-01-01)

Change Log
Date (YYYY-MM-DD) Version Changed By Change Description

2022-01-10 2.1 Malika Removed the readme for GitShare

2020-08-26 2.0 Lavanya Moved lab to course repo in GitLab

© IBM Corporation 2020. All rights reserved.

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