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Chemical Reactions WS

There are five main types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion. A synthesis reaction combines two or more substances into a more complex one. A decomposition reaction uses energy to break down a compound. A single replacement reaction occurs when one element replaces another in a compound. A double replacement reaction swaps the ions of two compounds. A combustion reaction combines a fuel with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

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Garrett Supernuts Biernat
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853 views5 pages

Chemical Reactions WS

There are five main types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion. A synthesis reaction combines two or more substances into a more complex one. A decomposition reaction uses energy to break down a compound. A single replacement reaction occurs when one element replaces another in a compound. A double replacement reaction swaps the ions of two compounds. A combustion reaction combines a fuel with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Uploaded by

Garrett Supernuts Biernat
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemistry Chemical Reactions Summary

Name: __________________ Per:_________

Types of Chemical Reactions


There are many types of chemical reactions, but we are only concerned with five general types:
Synthesis [S]; Decomposition [D]; Single Replacement [SR]; Double Replacement [DR]; and Combustion [Comb].

A synthesis reaction occurs when two or more simple substances (elements or compounds) are combined to form one new or more complex substance. element or compound + element or compound > compound Fe + S > FeS A decomposition reaction occurs when energy in the form of heat, light, or electricity is used to break down a compound into simpler compounds and/or elements. We will be most interested in the decomposition of a compound into its elements. compound > two or more elements or compounds Some compounds can be decomposed using electricity [electrolysis] and some by heat: electricit y 2 Na + Cl 2 2 NaCl 2 Ag2O
4 Ag + O2 heat

A single replacement reaction occurs when one element replaces another element in a compound. The general form of a single replacement reaction is: element A + compound BC element B + compound AC Zn + 2 HCl H2 + ZnCl2 Br2 + CaI2 I2 + CaBr2 A double replacement reaction occurs when the positive and negative ions of two ionic compounds are interchanged. The general form of a double replacement reaction is: compound AB + compound CD compound AD + compound BC FeS + 2 HCl FeCl2 + H2S The neutralization reaction which occurs between an acid and a base is a specific type of double replacement reaction. In a neutralization reaction the acid and base react to form water and a salt. The general form of a neutralization reaction is: Acid + Base Water + Salt HCl + NaOH H2O + NaCl H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 2 H2O + CaSO4
A combustion reaction occurs when an element or compound combines with oxygen to produce simple oxygencontaining compounds such as CO2, H2O, and SO2. In a complete combustion reaction carbon dioxide and water are the products:

KG June 15, 2011

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Chemistry II Chemical Reaction Summary compound or element + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water

C3H8

5 O2

3 CO2

4 H2O

Warm-Up Questions:
1. Look at the notation used in chemical reactions to show physical state on pg. 193 of your textbook. Write down 4 symbols used in chemical equations plus what does this mean in a chemical reaction?

2. Read about how to balance chemical equations on pgs. 196 - 199 of your textbook. Why do you use coefficients and not change the subscripts in the formula of a substance when balancing equations?

3. Study the Activity Series of Metals below. Use your understanding of electronegativity to explain each of these reactivity series. (1) Why is bromine less reactive than chlorine? (2) Why is calcium more reactive than aluminum? (3) What metal do you expect to be the most reactive? Why?

*Remember to use this chart when doing SR Reactions ONLY* Activity Series of Metals
Li K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb *H Sb As Bi Cu Ag Pd Hg Pt Au

Most Reactive ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Least Reactive

General Equation R + S RS RS R + S T + RS TS + R RS + TU RU + TS CxHy + O2 CO2 + H20

Reaction Type (S) Synthesis or (C) Combination (D) Decomposition (SR) Single Replacement (DR) Double Replacement (COMB) Combustion

Problems: 1) Balance the equation if needed and then identify the reaction type.
Chemical Equation Type

KG June 15, 2011

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Chemistry II Chemical Reaction Summary

__ Zn + __ Pb(NO3)2 > __ NaCl > __ FeS + __ HCl > __ H2 + __ O2 __ KClO3 > __ HC2H3O2 + __ LiOH

__ Zn(NO3)2 + __ Pb __ Na + __ Cl2 __ FeCl2 + __ H2S

SR

__ Ag2O >__ Ag + __ O2 > __ H2O __ H2CrO4 + __ Fe(OH)3 > __ H2O + __ Fe2(CrO4)3

__ KCl + __ O2

> __ H2O + __ LiC2H3O2

2) Write and then balance the following chemical equations:


(a) Carbonic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce water and sodium carbonate.

(b) Calcium oxide reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide.

(c) Barium nitrate reacts with copper (II) chloride nitrate.

barium chloride and copper (II)

(d) Iron reacts with copper (II) sulfate to form iron (II) sulfate and copper metal.

(e) Sulfurous acid reacts with aluminum hydroxide to produce water and aluminum sulfite.

(f) Nickel (II) carbonate decomposes to form nickel (II) oxide and carbon dioxide.

(g) Benzene (C6H6) is burned in the presence of oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide.

3) Balance the skeleton equation and then write the word equation:

KG June 15, 2011

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Chemistry II Chemical Reaction Summary

(a)

__ H2S + __ Zn(OH)2 >

__ H2O + __ ZnS

(b)

__ H3PO3 + __ Cu2S >

__ H2S + __ Cu3PO3

(c)

__ Na3P + __ Li

>

__ Li3P + __ Na

(d)

__ H2O2

>

__ H2O + __ O2

(e)

__ H2 (g) + __ O2 (g) >

__ H2O (l)

4) Indicate the type of reaction: (SR) Single Replacement, (DR) Double Replacement, (S)
Synthesis, (D) Decomposition, or (Comb) Combustion. Then complete the word equations by predicting the products for each reaction and finally write a balanced chemical equation below the word equation. ______ (a) hydrogen gas + oxygen gas >

______ (b)

magnesium metal + sodium chloride >

______ (c)

aluminum chloride + copper (II) oxide >

______ (d)

ammonia gas (NH3) + hydrochloric acid > [hint: single product]

______ (e)

aluminum sulfide + calcium phosphide >

KG June 15, 2011

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Chemistry II Chemical Reaction Summary

______ (f)

silver oxide

______ (g)

octane (C8H18) + oxygen gas >

KG June 15, 2011

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