Project Report

On
Library Management
System

Submitted To: - Submitted By:

Punjab Technical University

 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Doaba Group of Colleges,

Mohali
INDEX

AKNOWLEDGMENT

a. PREACE

b. PROCESS DESCRIPTION

c. INTRODUCTION

d. PROJECT DETAILS

e. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

f. SOURCE CODE

g. TESTING

h. ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM

i. FUTURE SCOPE

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j. CONCLUSION

k. BIBLIOGRAPHY

l. SNAPSHOTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are extremely grateful and remain indebted to our guidance Madam

Cherry for being a source of inspiration and for his constant support in
the Design, Implementation and Evaluation of the project. We are
thankful to them for their constant constructive criticism and invaluable
suggestions, which benefited us a lot while developing the project on
“LIBRARY MANAGEMENT”.

He has been a constant source of inspiration and motivation for hard

work. He has been very co-operative throughout this project work.
Through this column, it would be our utmost pleasure to express our
warm thanks to him for his encouragement, co-operation and consent
without which we mightn’t be able to accomplish this project.

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We also express our gratitude to Madam Cherry for providing us

the infrastructure to carry out the project and to all staff members who
were directly and indirectly instrument in enabling us to stay committed
for the project.

PREFACE
This project of “LIBRARY MANAGEMENT” gives us the complete
information about the library. We can enter the record of new books and
retrieve the details of books available in the library. We can issue the
books to the students and maintain their records and can also check how
many books are issued and stock available in the library. In this project
we can maintain the late fine of students who returns the issued books
after the due date. Throughout the project, the focus has been on
presenting information and comments in an easy and intelligible manner.
The project is very useful for those who want to know about Library
Management System.

In the last, we gratefully acknowledge and express our

gratitude to all staff members of BCA Deptt. and friends who supported
us in preparing this project.

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Basically the project is aimed at developing library

management system for the college library. This is intranet based
application that can be accessed throughout the campus. This system can
be used to search 1000 of books/mega zims, reserve books, find out who
is having a particular book put in requests to buy a new book.
This is one integrated system that contains both the user
component and the library component. There are features like
notifications/reminders, report generators etc in the system.

PROCESS DESCRIPTION

The Library Management System is designed & developed for a receipt

and issuance of books in the library along with the student’s details.
The books received in the library are entered in Books Entry
form and the new student is entered in the student entry form.

When the student wants to get the desired book the same is
issued on the availability basis to the student. The issuance and due date
for the returning of the book is also entered into the Book Issue form
under third menu Book Issue.
The student has to pay the fine if any on the basis of no. of
days delayed deposit of the book in the library.

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INTRODUCTION TO HTML

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create document on the

World Wide Web. It is simply a collection of certain key words called
‘Tags’ that are helpful in writing the document to be displayed using a
browser on Internet.
It is a platform independent language that can be used
on any platform such as Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and so on. To
display a document in web it is essential to mark-up the different
elements (headings, paragraphs, tables, and so on) of the document with
the HTML tags. To view a mark-up document user has to open the
document in a browser. A browser understands and interprets the HTML
tags, identifies the structure of the document (which part are which) and
makes decision about presentation (how the parts look) of the document.
HTML also provides tags to make the document look
attractive using graphics, font size and colors. User can make a link to
the other document or the different section of the same document by

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creating Hypertext Links also known as Hyperlinks.

OBJECTIVES

After going through this lesson, you would be able to:

 Create, save and view a HTML document

 Format a web page using section heading tags
 Describe Ordered and Unordered lists
 Explain graphics in HTML document
 Describe hypertext links and making text/image links

CREATING, SAVING AND VIEWING A HTML DOCUMENT

Creating a HTML document

The essential tags that are required to create a HTML document are:

<HTML>.............</HTML>
Starting
tag
<HEAD>.............</HEAD>

<BODY>.............</BODY>

HTML Tag <HTML>

The <HTML> tag encloses all other HTML
tags and associated text within your document. It is an optional tag. You
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can create an HTML document that omits these tags, and your browser
can still read it and display it. But it is always a good form to include the
start and stop tags.

The format is:

<HTML>

Your Title and Document (contains text with HTML tags) goes here

</HTML>

Most HTML tags have two parts, an opening tag and closing
tag. The closing tag is the same as the opening tag, except for the slash
mark e.g. </HTML>. The slash mark is always used in closing tags.

An HTML document has two distinct parts HEAD and BODY.

The Format is:

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<HTML>

<HEA
D>

…………
…………
…………

</HEAD
>

<BODY>

………
…
………
…
………
…

</BODY>

</HTML>

HEAD Tag <HEAD>

HEAD tag comes after the HTML start tag. It contains TITLE tag to give
the document a title that displays on the browsers title bar at the top.
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The Format is:

<HEAD>

<TITLE>

Your title goes here

</TITLE>

</HEAD>

BODY Tag <BODY>

The BODY tag contains all the text and graphics of the document with
all the HTML tags that are used for control and formatting of the page.

The Format is:

<BODY>

Your Document goes here

</BODY>

An HTML document, web page can be created using a text editor,

Notepad or WordPad. All the HTML documents should have the
extension .htm or .html. It require a web browser like Internet Explorer
or Netscape Navigator/Communicator to view the document.

Example: It is my first web page

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Follow the steps to create and view in browser:

Step-1: Open text editor Notepad (click on Start

Programs Accessories Notepad

Step-2: Enter the following lines of code

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE>
My first Page

</TITLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

WELCOME TO MY FIRST WEB PAGE

</BODY>
</HTML>

Step-3: Save the file as myfirstpage.html (go to File-Save As- give File
name: myfirstpage.html-choose save as type All Files-click save)

Step-4: Viewing document in web browser (open Internet Explorer-click

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on File-Open-Browse-select the file myfirstpage.html-click open-click

ok)

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Fig:- Viewing HTML documentMyfirstpage.html in browser

Attributes used with <BODY>

BGCOLOR: used to set the background color for the

document.

Example:

<BODY BGCOLOR="yellow">

Your document text goes here

</BODY>
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TEXT: used to set the color of the text of the document

Example:

<BODY TEXT="red">

Document text changed to red color

</BODY>

MARGINS: set the left hand/right hand margin of the document.

LEFTMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document.

Example:

<BODY LEFTMARGIN="60">

This document is indented 60 pixels from the left hand side of the page.

</BODY>

TOPMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document.

Example:

<BODY TOPMARGIN="60">

This document is indented 60 pixels from the top of the page.

</BODY>

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BACKGROUND: It is used to point to an image file (the files with an

extension .gif, .jpeg) that will be used as the background of the
document. The image file will be tiled across the document.

Example:

<BODY BACKGROUND="filename.gif">

Your document text goes here

</BODY>

Example: An HTML document attribute.html that shows the use of

attributes with the <BODY> tag

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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Attributes with the Body Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>

<BODYBACKGROUND="computer.gif" text="blue"

TOPMARGIN ="75"
LEFTMARGIN="75"

Your document text will be indented 75 pixels from the left hand and 75
pixels from the top of the page. The background image computer.gif will
be tiled across the document. Your image and HMTL document should
present at the same place.

</BODY>

</HTML>

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Fig.:- Viewing HTML document attribute.html in browser

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Container and Empty Tags:-

All HTML tags are enclosed in angle brackets ‘<’ and ‘>’ i.e. Opening
Tag: <HTML> and closing tag: </HTML> same as opening tag except a /
(slash) mark. Tags are not case-sensitive i.e. there is no difference in
small and capital letters in tags.

There are two types of tags:

1. Container Tags:
Tags which have both the opening and closing i.e.
<TAG> and </TAG> are called container tags They hold the text
and other HTML tags in between the tags. The <HTML>,
<HEAD>, <TITLE> and <BODY> tags are all container tags.

Example:
<TAG> this is a container tag. It holds both the text and HTML
tag </TAG>

2. Empty Tags:
Tags, which have only opening and no ending are
called empty tags. The <HR>, which is used to draw Horizontal,
rule across the width of the document, and line break <BR> tags
are empty tags.

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FORMATTING WEB PAGE:

HTML tags used for formatting a web page are:

SECTION HEADING: <H1>.............<H6>

HTML has six header tags <H1>, <H2>...........<H6> used to specify

section headings. Text with header tags is displayed in larger and bolder
fonts than the normal body text by a web browser. Every header leaves a
blank line above and below it when displayed in browser.

Example: An HTML document, headings.html shows the different

section headings.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Section Heading
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> This is Section Heading 1 </H1>
<H2> This is Section Heading 2 </H2>
<H3> This is Section Heading 3 </H3>
<H4> This is Section Heading 4 </H4>
<H5> This is Section Heading 5 </H5>
<H6> This is Section Heading 6 </H6>
</BODY>
</HTML>

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Fig. 4.4 : Viewing HTML document headings.html in browser

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Some peculiarities about the web browser on viewing HTML

document text:-
 Browsers ignore extra space within HTML document

Browsers ignore any additional space you type, and compress the text
as if the space did not exist. For Example: You can have text "My First
Page".

 Browsers ignore your extra line and paragraph breaks

Generally you press enter when you want to create line and paragraph
breaks, but they won’t show up when you view the document in browser.

In order to control your paragraph and line breaks, <P> and <BR>
tags are used

Using paragraph tag: <P>

This tag <P> indicates a paragraph, used to separate two paragraphs with
a blank line.

Example:

<P> Welcome to the world of HTML </P>

<P> First paragraph.

Text of First paragraph goes here </P>

Output:

Welcome to the world of HTML

First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes here

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Here, two paragraphs are separated with a line. But web browser ignores
the line breaks in the second paragraph that can be controlled by putting
<BR> tag.

Using Line Break Tag: <BR>

The empty tag <BR> is used, where the text needs to start from a new
line and not continue on the same line. To get every sentence on a new
line, it is necessary to use a line break.

Example:

<BODY>
National Institute of Open Schooling <BR>
B-31B, Kailash Colony <BR>
New Delhi-110048
</BODY>

Output:

National Institute of Open Schooling

B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-110048

Using Preformatted Text Tag: <PRE>

<PRE> tag can be used, where it requires total control over spacing and
line breaks such as typing a poem. Browser preserves your space and line
break in the text written inside the tag.

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Example:

<PRE>
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-110048
</PRE>

Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-110048

Example: An HTML document control.html shows the use of <P>,

<BR> and <PRE>

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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Paragraph, Line break and preformatted text Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
HTML Tutorial
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language It is used for
creating web page. It is very simple and easy to learn.
</P
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.<BR>
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple<BR>
and easy to learn.<BR>
</P>
<PRE>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>

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Using Horizontal Rule Tag: <HR>

An empty tag <HR> basically used to draw lines and horizontal rules. It
can be used to separate two sections of text.

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Example:

<BODY>
Your horizontal rule goes here. <HR>
The rest of the text goes here
</BODY>

Output:

Your horizontal rule goes here

The rest of the text goes here
<HR> accepts following attributes:
SIZE: Determines the thickness of the horizontal rule. The value is given
as a pixel value.

Example: <HR SIZE="3">

WIDTH: Specifies an exact width of HR in pixels, or a relative width as

percentage of the document width.

Example: <HR WIDTH="50%">, horizontal rule a width a 50 percent

of the page width.

ALIGN: Set the alignment of the rule to LEFT, RIGHT and CENTER. It
is applicable if it is not equal to width of the page.

NOSHADE: If a solid bar is required, this attribute is used; it specifies

that the horizontal rule should not be shaded at all.

COLOR: Set the color of the Horizontal rule

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Example: <HR COLOR="BLUE">

Example of <HR> with its attribute:

<HR ALIGN=''CENTER'' WIDTH=''50%'' SIZE=''3" NOSHADE
COLOR="BLUE">

Character Formatting Tags:

The character formatting tags are used to specify how a particular text
should be displayed on the screen to distinguish certain characters within
the document.

The most common character formatting tags are:

Boldface <B>: displays text in BOLD

Example: Welcome to the <B> Internet World </B>

Output: Welcome to the Internet World

Italics <I> : displays text in Italic

Example: Welcome to the <I> Internet World </I>

Output: Welcome to the Internet World

Subscript <SUB> : displays text in Subscript

Superscript <SUP>: displays text in Superscript

Small <SMALL>: displays text in smaller font as compared to normal

font

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Big <BIG> :displays text in larger font as compared to normal font.

Font Colors and Size:<FONT>

By using <FONT> Tag one can specify the colors, size of the text.

Example: <FONT> Your text goes here </FONT>

Attributes of <FONT> are:

COLOR: Sets the color of the text that will appear on the screen. It can
be set by giving the value as #rr0000 for red (in RGB hexadecimal
format), or by name.

Example: <FONT COLOR="RED"> Your text goes here </ FONT>

SIZE: Sets the size of the text, takes value between 1 and 7, default is 3.
Size can also be set relative to default size for example; SIZE=+X, where
X is any integer value and it will add with the default size.

Example: <FONT SIZE=5> Font Size changes to 5 </FONT>

<FONT SIZE=+2> Font Size changes to 5 i.e. default size (3)

±2</FONT>

FACE: Sets the normal font type, provided it is installed on the user’s
machine.

Example: An HTML document formatText.html shows the use of

Character Formatting Tags.

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<HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE>

Use of Character Formatting Text Tags

</TITLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<H1><I> Welcome to the world of Internet</I></H1>

It is a

<FONT COLOR="BLUE" SIZE="4">

<U>Network of Networks</U>

</FONT>

</BODY>

</HTML>

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Fig.:- Viewing HTML document formatText.html in browser

Using Some Special Characters

There are certain special characters that can be used while creating
document.
Following are some special character:
Symbols Entity
©, ® &copy, &reg
¼, ½, ¾ &frac14, &frac12, &frac34
÷, <, >, , &divide, &lt, &gt, &le, &ge
& &amp

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 &spades, &clubs, &hearts

All these special character must be ended with a semicolon;

Example: <PRE>
The copyright symbol is: &COPY
The registered rank is: &REG;
</PRE>

Output: The copyright symbol is:©

The registered rank is:®

USING LIST IN WEB PAGE

HTML Supports several ways of arranging items in lists. The most

commonly used are:
 Ordered List (Numbered List)
 Unordered List (Bulleted List)

Ordered List <OL>

Ordered list also called as Numbered list, is used to present a numbered

list of item in the order of importance or the item (paragraph) is marked
with a number.
An ordered list must begin with the <OL> followed by an <LI> list item
tag.
Example: An HTML document orderedList.html shows the use of
Ordered List

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<HTML>
<HEAD>

<TITLE>
An Ordered List

</TITLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<H1><U> Various Terms Used In Internet</U></H1>

< OL>

<LI> WWW-World Wide Web

<LI> URL-Uniform Resource Locator

<LI> HTTP-Hypertext Transfer Protocol

<LI> FTP-File Transfer Protocol

<LI> HTML-Hypertext Markup Language

</OL>

</BODY>

</HTML>

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Fig.:- Viewing HTML document orderedList.html in browser

Attributes of <OL> tag:

 COMPACT: render a list in compact form

 TYPE: allows marking list items with different types. By default

the list Item markers are set to numbers 1,2,3… so on.

Other values of TYPE attribute are:

Attribute Description

Type = A Capital letter eg. A, B, C………

Type = a Small letter eg. a, b, c,………

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Type = I Uppercase Roman Numbers eg. I, II, III……

Type = i Lowercase Roman Numbers eg. i, ii, iii……

Type = 1 eg. 1, 2, 3………….

 START: used for lists that need to start at values other than 1.
START always specified in default numbers, and is completed
based on TYPE before display, For example, If START =5 it would
display either an ‘E’, ‘e’, ‘V’, ‘v’, or ‘5’
based an TYPE attribute.

Nested Order List

One ordered list might contain one or more ordered list that is called as
Nested Order lists.

Example: An HTML document nested.html shows the use of Nested

Order Lists with attributes.

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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Use of Nested Ordered
Lists</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<OL TYPE = A START =3>
<LI> Fruits
<OL TYPE = I>
<LI> Apple
<LI> MANGO
<LI> Orange
</OL>
<LI> VEGETABLES
<OL TYPE = I>
<LI> Brinjal
<LI> Cabbage
<LI> Tomato
</OL>
</OL>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Fig.: -Displaying Nested Ordered Lists with attributes in browser

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Unordered List <UL>

Unordered List also called as bulleted list, used to present list of items
marked with bullets. An unordered list starts with in <UL> followed by
<LI> (List Item) tag. Use of <UL> is very similar to <OL> (ordered list).
Example: Use of Unordered List and Various Attributes
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Use of Unordered List </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<UL>
<LI> FRUITS
<UL>
<LI> Apple
<LI> Mango
<LI> Orange
</UL>
<LI> VEGETABLE
<UL>
<LI> Brinjal
<LI> Cabbage
<LI> Tomato
</UL>
</UL>
</BODY>
</HTML>

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USING GRAPHICS IN WEB PAGE <IMG>

Images can be placed in a web page by using <IMG> tag. There are
many image formats available today, but the most widely used among
them are gif and jpeg. The gif format is considered superior to the jpeg
format for its clarity and ability to maintain the originality of an image
without lowering its quality. Using tools such as GIF constructor or
Adobe Photoshop images can be created.

It is an empty tag (only start tag, no end tag) and is written as:

<IMG SRC = image_URL>

SRC – Source of the image file

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image_URL – represents the image file with its location.

Example: <IMG SRC=file:///C:/NOSlogo.GIF>

Here, image_URL =file:///C:/NOSlogo.GIF, it means image is available

in the Hard Drive C: on the local hard disk.

Example: <IMG SRC =http://planningcommission.nic.in/

images/planimg.jpg>

Here image _URL is = http://planningcommission.nic.in/images

planimg.jpg. The image planimg.jpg, is taken from the images directory
of Planning Commission Web Server ‘Planningcomm- ission.nic.in’.

If the location of the image and web page are in the same place in the
same directory/path then it is simply written <IMG SRC=NOSlogo.GIF>

This SRC attribute is mandatory for the <IMG> tag

Other attributes used with <IMG> are: -

 ALIGN

 HEIGHT AND WIDTH

 VSPACE and HSPACE

 ALT

 BORDER

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ALIGN: used to set the alignment of the text adjacent to the image. It
takes the following values:
 ALIGN = LEFT - Displays image on left side and the subsequent
text flows around the right hand side of that image

 ALIGN = RIGHT - Displays the image on the right side and the
subsequent text flows around the left hand side of that image.

 ALIGN = TOP - Aligns the text with the top of the image

 ALIGN = MIDDLE - Aligns the text with the middle of the image.

 ALIGN=BOTTOM - Aligns the text with the bottom of the image.

By default, the text is aligned with the bottom of the image

Example: Using <IMG> tag with attributes

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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Use of IMG Tag With its ALIGN
Attribute</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<P>
<IMG SRC=NOSlogo.GIF ALIGN=TOP>
Aligns the text with the Top of the image
</P>
<P>
<IMG SRC=NOSlogo.GIF ALIGN=MIDDLE>
Aligns the text with the Middle of the image
</P>

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<p>

<IMG SRC=NOSlogo.GIF ALIGN=LEFT>

Displays image on left side and the subsequent text flows

around the right hand side of that image. Displays image
on left side and the subsequent text flows around the
right hand side of that image. Displays image on left side
and the subsequent text flows around the right hand side
of that image.

</P>

<P>

<IMG SRC=NOSlogo.GIF ALIGN=RIGHT>

Displays image on right side and the subsequent text

flows
around the left hand side of that image. Displays image
on right side and the subsequent text flows around the
left
hand side of that image.

</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>

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Fig.:- Displaying Image with its attributes in browser

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HEIGHT and WIDTH

Height and Width of an image can be controlled by using the HEIGHT

and WIDTH attributes in the <IMG> tag as follows:

Example: <IMG SRC= NOSlogo.GIF HEIGHT=320 WIDTH=240>

HSPACE and VSPACE

White space around an image can be provided by using HSPACE

(Horizontal Space) and VSPACE (Vertical Space) attributes of the
<IMG> tag. These attributes provide the space in pixels.

Example: <IMG SRC=NOSlogo.GIF VSPACE=30 HSPACE=25>

ALT (Alternative Text)

This attribute is used to give alternative text that can be displayed in
place of the image. This is required when the user needs to stop display
of images while retrieving a document in order to make the retrieval
faster, or when the browser does not support graphics. It is also used a
tool tips – displaying description of the image when the mouse is over
the image.

Example: <IMG SRC=NOSlogo.GIF ALT = "NOSLogo">

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BORDER

Border around the image can be controlled by using BORDER attribute

of <IMG> tag. By default image displays with a thin border. To change
the thickness or turn the border off, the value in pixels should set to
BORDER attribute.

Example: <IMG SRC=NOSlogo.GIF BORDER=0>

BORDER =0 to Turn the Border off

Example: <IMG SRC=NOSlogo.GIF BORDER=3>

BORDER=3 to make the border thickness to 3

Example: Showing the use of Image Attributes

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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Use of Image Attributes
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<IMG SRC=NOSLogo.GIF HSPACE=5
VSPACE=5 BORDER=5 ALT=NOS LOGO
ALIGN=LEFT>
National Institute of Open
Schooling. National Institute of
Open Schooling.
National Institute of Open
Schooling. National Institute of Open
Schooling.
National Institute of Open
Schooling. National Institute of Open
Schooling
</BODY>
</HTML>

Fig : Displaying Image with its attributes in browser

Understanding Image Maps

Image Maps as, the name suggests, means mapping/linking to different

URL’s different portion of one image. Clicking on a portion of an image,
one can jump to the link connected with that part.

For example: Different areas in the map of India may be linked to the
URL of website of the respective states.

Position of an image that acts as a link to different URL can be of

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different shapes and sizes depending on one choice. Possible shapes are
circle, oval, rectangle, polygon and point. Image maps are widely used in
Web pages. They are mainly used with geographic maps, organization
charts, drawing of multi component structures and so on. Best view in
the site: http://planningcommission.nic.in. An image map can be created
by using Image Mapping Software MapThis. The software can be freely
downloadable
fromhttp://www.freedownloadscenter.comWeb_Authoring/Image_Mappi
ng_Tools/MapThis.html.

WORKING WITH LINKS: <A> ANCHOR TAG

Web pages are linked to one another through Hypertext Links. Section of
text or image in the HTML document can be linked to an external
document or to a specific place within the same document. The text or
image that provides such linkage is known as Hypertext or Hotspot

HTML provides <A> Anchor Tag to create links. The format of using
anchor tag is as follows:

<A HREF ="URL"> Make Me The Link </A>

HREF (Hyper Link Reference) is a mandatory attribute used to refer the

URL of the resource. URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is an address
tells the browser about the file to link to. It identifies file locations
(Addresses) on the web or on the local hard drive. These addresses can
be those of HTML documents or elements such as images, scripts,
applets and other files. It is always enclosed in quotes.

Linking a text to a web site / an external document

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Example:

<A HREF ="http://www.nios.ac.in">Link to Website of NIOS</A>

OR
<A HREF="http://www.nios.ac.in/offices.htm">Links to Contact Us
page of NIOS</A>

Opening Address of the document Link text Closing Anchor

Tag Anchor Tag

In the above example the link text “Links to Contact Us page of NIOS”
would appear underlined and in a color different from any other text in
the document to distinguish a link from normal text Also you would find
that the mouse pointer changes into a hand like symbol when taken over
the hyperlink.

Linking an image to web site

An image can be linked to a web site or HTML document.

Example:

<A HREF ="http://www.nios.ac.in"><IMG SRC=NOSlogo.GIF

BORDER=3></A>

Linking (jumping) to a specific place within the same document

Sometimes, it is required to jump different sections in the same

document. For this it needs two steps, first; identify section with a name
and or second; use jumps to the location using the name used.
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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The syntax is:-

1. <A HREF="#section_name"> link to another section of the same
document </A>
This link text jumps to the section named with HREF on click The #
symbol before the section name is must.
2. <A NAME="section_name"> Beginning of the section </A>

The NAME attribute is used to identify a section with a name. It is a

unique identifier within the document for the anchor.

One can also jump to a specific section of different document specifying

the path on HREF attribute.

Example:
Within the same document: <A HREF="#section_name">
Same folder, but different document: <AHREF="document
html#section_name">
A different server

<A HREF="http://www.nios.ac.in/foldername/document.html
#section_name>
Example: Use of Anchor Tag

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE> Use of Anchor Tag</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>

<H2 align=''center''><U><FONT
COLOR=''BLUE''>National Institute of Open
Schooling</FONT> </U></H2>
<A HREF=''http://www.nios.ac.in''><IMG
SRC=''NOSlogo.GIF'' alt=''NIOSLOGO''
align=''left''></A>
The success of open learning and distance education very
much depends on
the harnessing of the new and latest technology. The
emerging Internet and
Web Technology helps in effective dissemination of
information. The web site is
a demand source of latest information. One can access
NIOS website by
clicking on <A
HREF="http://www.nios.ac.in"
>http://www.nios.ac.in</A> OR on Clicking
NIOS logo <p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>

<p><b><i><u>Internet and Web

Technology</u></i></b></p>

<p><FONT COLOR="BLUE">Various Terms used in

Internet are:</FONT>
<br>

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) <br>

2. WWW (World Wide Web)<br>
3. <A HREF=''#site''>Web site</A> (Linking within the
document) <br>
4. Web page <br>
5. URL(Uniform Resource Locator)<br>
6. HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)<br>
7. Hyperlink
</P>
<P></P><P></P><P></P>
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) <hr align=''left''
width=''24%'' noshade>
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), Language used to
create document on
the World Wide Web. It is simply a collection of certain
key words called Tags
that helps to write the document. <p><strong>click<a
href=''http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Html''>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Html</a> to read
more</strong> </p><p></p> WWW(World Wide
Web<hr align=''left''
width=''17%'' noshade> <p>The <B>World Wide
Web</B> (''<B>WWW</B>'' or
simply the ''<B>Web</B>'') is an information space in
which the items of
interest, referred to as resources, are identified by global
identifiers called

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). The term is often

mistakenly used as a
synonym for the Internet, but the Web is actually a
service that operates <I>over</
I> the Internet.</p>

<p><strong>click</strong><a
href=''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Www''>
<strong>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Www</strong></a
><strong> to read more</
strong>

</p><p></p><p></p>

Web site <hr align=''left'' width=''6%'' noshade>

<A NAME=''site''>A website, web site or WWW site
</A>(often shortened to just site)
is a collection of web pages, typically common to a
particular domain name or subdomain
on the World Wide Web on the Internet.

</BODY>

</HTML>

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Fig. :- Display of an example using Anchor Tag <A> in browser

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PROJECT DETAILS

The project titled ‘‘Library Management System’’ is Library

management software for monitoring and controlling the transactions in
a library .The project “Library Management System” is developed in
html, which mainly focuses on basic operations in a library like adding
new member, new books, and updating new information, searching
books and members and facility to borrow and return books.“Library
Management System” is a windows application written for 32-
bitWindows operating systems, designed to help users maintain and
organize library. Our software is easy to use for both beginners and
advanced users. It features a familiar and well thought-out, an attractive
user interface, combined with strong searching Insertion and reporting
capabilities. The report generation facility of library system helps to get
a good idea of which are the books borrowed by the members, makes
users possible to generate reports’ hard copy. The software Library
Management System has four main modules.
Insertion to Database Module – User friendly input screen
Extracting from Database module – Attractive Output Screen
Report Generation module – borrowed book list & Available book list
Search Facility system – search for books and members

1.1 Purpose:- The purpose of this application are as follows :

• The software is for automation of library.
• It provides following facilities to
Operator:
• Can enter details related to a particular book.
• Can provide membership to members.
Admin:

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

• Can read and write information about any member.

• Can update, create and delete the record of membership as per
requirement and implementation plants.
2.) Scope:
The different areas where we can use this application are:
• Any education institute can make use of it for providing information
about author, content of the available books.
• It can be used in offices and modifications can be easily done
according to requirements.
3.) Technology Used:
Front End: HTML
Back End: MS Access
4.) Assumptions
• This application is used to convert the manual application to the online
application.
• Customized data will be used in this application.
• User does not have right to enter information about books.
5.) Overview :
Project is related to library management which provides reading
services to its members. Any person can become a member of the library
by filling a prescribed form.
They can get the book issued, so that they can take home and return
them.

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

6.) Functionality:
• Online membership.
• Keeps the track of issues and submission of books.
This is MDI Form designed for selection of the
different Menus.
Following menu options have been provided in this Home Form:-

1. Books Entry

2. User Entry

3. Issue of Books

a) Issue of Books

b) Return of the Books

4. Exit
By clicking the Book Entry Menu of the MDI form this form can be
displayed for the entry of new books in the library.
Following Text Boxes have been provided for the entry of the
books related information:-
1. Book no.

2. ISBN No.

3. Subject

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

4. Name of the Book

5. Author

6. Publisher

7. Edition

8. Copies

9. Cost

In addition to above different Update, Delete, Add, Search, Refresh

and Exit command buttons have been provided in the form.

By clicking the second menu “User Entry’’ this form can be

obtained for the entry of the new user coming to the library as user
account.
The following provisions have been provided in this form:-

1. Student Id
2. Roll No.
3. Name of the Student
4. Branch

In addition to above different Update, Delete, Add, Search,

Refresh and Exit command buttons have been provided in the
form.

This form can be obtained by clicking the “Issues of Books”

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

under the third menu “Issues of Books” for issuing a particular

book available in the library along with the issue and due date.
The following text boxes have been provided for entry of
Issuance of the Book.

1. Book No.

2. Student ID

3. Current No. of Copies Available

4. Issue Date

5. Due Date
In addition to above different Update, Delete,
Add, Search, Refresh and Exit command buttons have been
provided in the form.
This form can be obtained by clicking the “Books Return”
under the third menu “Issues of Books” for returning a
particular book issued to user from the library along with the
issue , due date and return date with fine if any.
The following text boxes have been provided for entry of
return of the Books.

6. Book No.

7. Student ID

8. Current No. of Copies Available

9. Issue Date

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

10. Due Date

11. Return Date

12. Fine, if any

In addition to above different Update, Delete, Add,
Search, Refresh and Exit command buttons have been provided
in the form.

SYSTEM DEVLOPMENT LIFE CYCLE :

Systems development life cycle is a method of creating
information system. The development of a software system is
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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

always done into different stages. The study of the stages of

system development life cycle is called as “system study”.The
system analyst provides a meaning and direction to the analyst is
having complete knowledge of the problems of system and their
possible solutions. For this, analysts have to carefully examine
the various parts of the system. Ro understand the development
of an information system, we have to understand thar every
sysrem has a life cycle and the study of life cycle of a system is
very important if a customized information system has to be
developed for it.
As far as the technical definition of sysrem
development life cycle is concerned. A sysrem development life
cycle is a partially ordered collection of actions that are carried
out by one or more software engineers, software users or other
software users or other software sysrems in order to accomplish
a system development task.
OR
The software system life cycle is a software process by which a
software system is developed, tested, installed and maintained
throughout its useful history. The life cycle contains phases,
each of which is a software process.

The life cycle describes the temporal, causal and input/output

relationship between different phases of life cycle. The life cycle
concept also includes the concept of feedback as well as moving
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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

forward to next stage. In past, the concept of life cycle was

applied to the management of complex systems that had same
sort of physical hardware and end product. The example of such
system are communication networks, space crafts etc.
PHASES OF SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE:
The system development life cycle is conducted in various phases.
Following are the phases in the software development life cycle:-

 System study
 Feasibility study
 Analysis
 Design
 Implementation
 Maintenance

These phases of software development life cycle have been

illustrated in an isolated manner, but they are never isolated in
practice.

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

System
study

Feasibilitystudy

Maintenance
SYSTEM
DEVLOPMENT
Implementation SystemAnalysis
LIFE CYCLE

Testing System design

Coding
Fig: system development life cycle

 System study: What is the problem?

Whenever you are going to develop a solution for the problem, it
is required that you should know the problem well. The
knowledge of the problem forms the base for development of a
good solution. For example, a publisher may need a system that
should reflect the accurate status about sale and stock of the all
book published y him. For this, a system analyst will have to
conduct initial investigation. The other example may be of a
trader who wants to keep track of all the samples given to all the
agents for a particular period. Most of the general problems are
found and solved by organization management or usres. They

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

just state them as need to be hired from outside to check and

suggest the solution of a problem. In large environments,
analysts prepare a statement that specifies the scope and
intended user of the system.
In addition to the study conducted by system analyst, the
users and managements may also trigger some ideas for change.
This is done by knowing the complaints of existing users,
management and customers of the system. When these
complaints are seriously studied, they highlight new
requirements. The system analyst can detect or even recommend
a change in the existing systems by describing the benefits of
proposed idea.
  FEASIBILITY STUDY: Feasibility study is conducted on the
basis of initial study of the system. It is second phase of system
development life cycle. It is basically the test of the proposed system
in the light of its workability, meeting user’s requirements, effective
use of resources and the cost effectiveness of system, The main
purpose of feasibility study is not to solve the problems but to achieve
the scope. In the process of feasibility study, the cost and benefits are
estimated with greater accuracy.
The feasibility study focuses on three main questions:
 What are the user demonstrable needs and how does a proposed
system meets them?
 What resources are available for the system under consideration? Is
the problem worth solving?
 What ate the likely impact of the system under consideration on the
organizations? How well the system under consideration will fit
within the organization’s management information system plan.
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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The feasibility study must answer these questions

carefully. They revolve around evaluation and investigation of the
problem. This investigation may proposed system depending upon the
specification of performance and cost of the system.
A formal proposal is produced as a result of feasibility study.It is
presented in the form of a report that describes the nature and scope
of the proposed solution. This proposal indicates what the results of
investigation are and what type of change is to be brought in the
system. The main contents of this proposal are as follows:
a) Problem statement
b) Extract of survey and Recommendations
c) Details of survey
d) Conclusions and Recommendation

  Analysis: System analysis is the third phase of system development

life cycle. Whatever stated in the feasibility study, is presented in this
phase in the form of pictures. Various system models may be E-R
diagrams, data flow diagrams etc. This phase depicts how the various
operations are performed by the system and what is the relationship
of the proposed system with the outside world. This phase is also
called as “Logical Design” and the logical design is independent of
technology. This means a logical design can be implemented by using
design is independent of technology.This means a logical design can
be implemented by using C++ or VC++ or Visual Basic or by using
any other language or platform.
  Design: The analysis phase presents the logical view of the system
whereas the design phasr present the physical design of the system.
Design or system design is the fourth phase of SDLC,which is

64
 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

basically a transformation of system analysis. Design is the most

creative and challenging phase of system development, as it has to
describe the final system that is to be designed and implemented. The
problem here is that there may be numerous ways to create a physical
design-form a givem logical design.
Following are some of the questions that usually arise at this
stages:
a) How much of the system should be automated with information
technology.
b) Should wr use readymade software or we should build it from
scratch.

 Implementation: Implementation is a wide term that contains

process of “Physical design and integration” and “Construction and
testing”, followed by actual implementation of the proposed solution.
In terms of complexity, this phase is less complex as compared to
system design.
i. Physical design and integration
ii. Construction and testing:

 Maintenance: When both in-house testing is done and the software

is free from all known errors, the software is installed at the
organization’s place. The analyst provides a smooth transition from
the old system to a new system. This phase is also called as
installation and delivery phase. After the target system is installed on
the organization’s environment the system analyst trains the system
users data into a format that is understandable by the newly installed
system.
After the successful installation and training of the users, the
maintenance phase of system development life cycle starts. Whenever

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

a system is installed, it needs an ongoing supports for its usefulness

and success.
System support or maintenance covers the following activities:
a) Assisting Users
b) Fixing Software Defects
c) Recovering The System
d) Adaptation of New Requirements

PROCESS PRODUCT
System Study Project
Introduction
Feasibility Study Project
Plan
Analysis Project
Proposed
Design System
Specification

Fig: Processes and Products in SDLC

ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM:

• Extensibility: This software is extendable in ways that its original
developers may not expect. The following principle enhances
extensibility like hide data structure, avoid traversing multiple links or
methods, avoid case statements on object type and distinguish public and
private operations.
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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

• Reusability: Reusability is possible as and when require in this

application. We can update it next version. Reusable software reduces
design, coding and testing cost by amortizing effort over several designs.
Reducing the amount of code also simplifies understanding, which
increases the likelihood that the code is correct. We follow up both types
of reusability: Sharing of newly written code within a project and reuse
of previously written code on new projects

• Understandability: A method is understandable if someone other than

the creator of the method can understand the code (as well as the creator
after a time lapse). We use the method, which small and coherent helps
to accomplish this.

• Cost-effectiveness: Its cost is under the budget and make within given
time period. It is desirable to aim for a system with a minimum cost
subject to the condition that it must satisfy the entire requirement. Scope
of this document is to put down the requirements, clearly identifying the
information needed by the user, the source of the information and
outputs expected from the system

FUTURE SCOPE

FUTURE SCOPE OF APPLICATION :

This application can be easily implemented under various situations.
We can add new features as and when we require. Reusability is possible

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

as and when require in this application. There is flexibility in all the

modules.

. This software is extendable in ways that its original developers may not
expect. The following principle enhances extensibility like hide data
structure, avoid traversing multiple links or methods, avoid case
statements on object type and distinguish public and private operations. :
Reusability is possible as and when require in this application. We can
update it next version. Reusable software reduces design, coding and
testing cost by amortizing effort over several designs. Reducing the
amount of code also simplifies understanding, which increases the
likelihood that the code is correct. We follow up both types of
reusability: Sharing of newly written code within a project and reuse of
previously written code on new projects A method is understandable if
someone other than the creator of the method can understand the code
(as well as the creator after a time lapse). We use the method, which
small and coherent helps to accomplish this.

Its cost is under the budget and make within given time
period. It is desirable to aim for a system with a minimum cost subject to
the condition that it must satisfy the entire requirement. Scope of this
document is to put down the requirements, clearly identifying the
information needed by the user, the source of the information and
outputs expected from the system

CONCLUSION

After we have completed the project we are sure the problems in the
existing system would overcome. The “LIBRARY MANAGEMENT

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SYSTEM” process made computerized to reduce human errors and to

increase the efficiency. The main focus of this project is to lessen human
efforts. The maintenance of the records is made efficient, as all the
records are stored in the ACCESS database, through which data can be
retrieved easily.

The navigation control is provided in all the forms to

navigate through the large amount of records. If the numbers of records
are very large then user has to just type in the search string and user gets
the results immediately. The editing is also made simpler. The user has
to just type in the required field and press the update button to update the
desired field. The Books and Students are given a particular unique id
no. So that they can be accessed correctly and without errors.

Our main aim of the project is to get the correct

information about a particular student and books available in the library.
The problems, which existed in the earlier system, have been removed to
a large extent. And it is expected that this project will go a long way in
satisfying user’s requirements. The computerization of the Library
Management will not only improves the efficiency but will also reduce
human stress thereby indirectly improving human recourses.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Web Sites:

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 www.w3schools.com

 www.linfo.org

 www.projectfind.org

 Introduction to MS-Access(Aptech)

 Introduction to HTML(www.w3schools.com)

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