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Impact of Globalization and Liberalization on Indian Education System

Article · August 2020

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 Impact of Globalization and Liberalisation on Indian
Education System

Name: Shaib Shabir (M.tech Student at VIT)

Email: [email protected]
Topic:
“Impact of globalization and liberalisation on Indian education system”

SHAIB SHABIR 1
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 Impact of Globalization and Liberalisation on Indian
Education System

Introduction:
Globalization:
Over thousands of years, globalization has contributed to the progress of the world through travel,
trade, migration, spread of cultural influences, and dissemination of knowledge and understanding.
These global interrelations have often been very productive in the advancement of different
countries. Globalization is viewed by somebody as westernization. But it is not so. The decimal
system emerged and became well developed in India between the second and sixth centuries; it was
used by Arab mathematicians soon thereafter. These mathematical innovations reached Europe
mainly in the last quarter of the tenth century and began having an impact in the early years of the
last millennium, playing an important part in the scientific revolution that helped to transform
Europe. The agents of globalization are neither European nor exclusively Western, nor are they
necessarily linked to Western dominance. Indeed, Europe would have been a lot poorer
economically, culturally, and scientifically- had it resisted the globalization of mathematics, science,
and technology at that time. And today, the same principle applies, though in the opposite direction
(from West to East). And Now, Initial enthusiasm for globalization as a beneficial set of processes
has yielded to an understanding that the phenomenon is largely associated with increasing social
inequality within and between countries as well as instability and conflict. So, at this stage, it is
necessary to find the impact of globalization on Indian Economy.

Education is important not only for the full development of one’s personality, but also for the
sustained growth of the nation. Education is an important investment in building human capital that
is a driver for technological innovation and economic growth. It is only through improving the
educational status of a society that the multifaceted development of its people can be ensured
Basically Indian Education system is composed of three components and they are Primary
education, Secondary education and Higher education. Today, in the age of privatization, globalization
and liberalization, India is exposed to the world in all spheres. In the present competitive world,
expansion, excellence and inclusion are the three challenges of Indian education system. The age-
old system of education has to be reformed. Practical knowledge should be given more priority than
theoretical knowledge.

Liberalization:
Liberalization refers to relaxing certain reforms and policies in India. These reforms can be termed
as relaxation of previous government's restrictions usually in areas of social or economic policy.
Usually, the term is used in reference to Economic Liberalization. Though India is Economically
Liberal, the Education System is not Liberal. There are many reasons, one of them is that the
national education industry does not want competitiveness and Government does not want to give
away its control. The higher education system in India suffers from lack of autonomy and burden of
affiliation. It is characterized by extreme rigidity and lack of flexibility. The real weakness of the
higher education is in the structure itself, and there is a need for introspection and reflection. Also,
the public mindset is for the shortcut and easy going. Our policy in terms of education is focussed
more on only expanding the system with no focus on for quality education. One of the basic
problems today is the inability of the university system to provide higher education to all who aspire
for it. Also, there is no political commitment of public funds. Lack of research-oriented education
devalues the quality of education to a large extent. There are very few institutes and companies that
really carry out research work which is useful for the masses. According to a study, India ranks 25th
in the world when it comes to quality of research and the scientific impact. With a country with an
academic system comprising of about 2.5 million graduates each year, this statistic indicates a clear
inability for the system to sustain itself. India’s literacy rate of around 60 per cent places it in the
company of countries such as Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi, Sudan, Burundi, and Ghana. Broadly
speaking, India accounts for 50 per cent of the world’s illiterates even though India accounts for
around 17 per cent of the world’s population.

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 Impact of Globalization and Liberalisation on Indian
Education System

➢ Indian Education System [1]:

✓ Indian education has its own history of development. In the earlier times, Gurukulas
dominated the society, which emphasized the traditional and cultural education, which had
its own restriction. But Indian education system got an impetus after the invasion of the
British. Western education exerted its influence on the Indian education system, under the
British rule. Scientific and technological education gained more importance than traditional
and cultural education in this era. But in the post-independence period, our constitution
made the education a fundamental right and enacted a law for compulsory education up to
14 years. Today higher education gives more importance to survival in this competitive
world.

Table 1: Indian Education System (Organizational Structure) [2]

✓ Today is the age of privatization, globalization and liberalization; India is
exposed to the world in all spheres. In the present competitive world,
expansion, excellence and inclusion are the three challenges of Indian
education system. The age-old system of education has to be reformed.
Practical knowledge should be given more priority than theoretical
knowledge.

➢ Impact of Globalization on Indian Education [1]:

✓ Because of the commercialization, Educational sector has been more commonly

described as not service sector, but education industry. The free market philosophy
has already entered the educational sphere in a big way. Commercialization of
education is the order of the day. Commercial institutions offering specialized
education have come up everywhere. In view of globalization, many corporate
universities, both foreign and Indian, are encroaching upon our government
institutions. Once these institutions turn “self-financing‟, their prices would be
benchmarked against their global counterparts, which would be affordable to the
same top layer of the society. As the job markets become acutely narrow, the
polarization between the elite and nonelite would be clearly discernible. Meanwhile,
various kinds of price barriers would be imposed to prevent the entry of the non-
elite like the downtrodden and poor communities. Further, Corporatisation has
transformed the education sector into an enterprise for profits.

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 Impact of Globalization and Liberalisation on Indian
Education System

✓ Beyond a small group of elite institutions, few Indian institutions are globally
accredited or recognized. Thus, the competition for a handful of elite institutions is
severe. The Indian education system is not able to mobilize funds from its students
at home. By some accounts, Indian
✓ students, whose fees are paid by their parents, have become a net subsidizer of
British higher education; the largest number of foreign students in the US come
from India, some 80,000; and there are even an estimated 5,000 Indian medical
students in China. Many of the best students go abroad. Globalization has made
education an extraordinary business opportunity with a great impact on
employment. In the current scenario, Universities from different parts of the world
want to join hands with Indian Universities and be a part of India's lucrative
economic strength. Partnership, Academic Exchanges, Joint Ventures, Research
Collaboration, just about everything short of building a campus on Indian soil
(illegal) are the ways in which Universities in the UK are seeking a stake in India.
✓ Large Industrial Organizations like Tata‟s, Reliance, Essars or the Associations like
CII, FICCI, SIAM & ACMA start the initiatives to start Institutes of Excellence
throughout India with collaborations from Institutes like Harvard School of
Business, MIT in USA & London School of Economics. There are certain advantages
in Recruiting Overseas Students like students will get international exposure and
they will develop skills such as talking to industry, making presentations and
dealing with senior managers. Recruiting overseas students is a way of getting
financial advantage for the universities.

➢ Impact of Liberalization on Education System in India [3]

✓ Positive Impact of Liberalization on Education System in India:

• Liberalisation will bring a constant stream of funding which will also facilitate a
research-based career and make it a viable option for the future of Indian teachers
and students.
• It will expand the supply which is in shortage and the competition among educational
institutions will ensure that they do not charge an excessive premium for education.
Increase in the supply of education will automatically result in the fall in education
expenditure.
• The Indian economy which is majorly fuelled by the service industry will get a boost
with the education sector becoming a large chunk of the economic source.
• Hundreds of thousands of Indian students study abroad at an annual estimated cost
of around US$ 1 billion and it can even stem the exodus of thousands of students who
left the country to study abroad. This will save India immense capital.
• Allowing corporates would ensure the development of better industry-oriented
graduates with specific skill sets.

❖ Negative Impact of Liberalization on Education System in India:

✓ The international higher education is largely an unregulated market. While no doubt

that there are prestigious universities hoping to build links overseas, recruit top
students to their home campuses and strengthen their brand abroad. But there is no

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 Impact of Globalization and Liberalisation on Indian
Education System

dearth of mere sub-prime and low-end private institutions which are seeking to stave
off bankruptcy through the export market and there are even a few respectable
universities which have been forced by government funding cutbacks to raise cash
elsewhere.
✓ Students and local institutions in developing countries are also similarly unregulated.
At many times ill-informed and often naive. Students tend to avail such services
without much information or understanding. A foreign label in degree is tempting
enough to make them drop their wisdom. Uninformed or simply dubious institutions
in developing countries may form partnerships with low-quality colleges and
universities in India
✓ There is also the risk of fake institutes which are looking to stuff their pockets
whenever the opportunity arises.
✓ Corruption is rampant in India. There is little left to the imagination as to what might
be the outcome of such a policy in terms of bribes, false degrees, partial marking etc.
There may be unforeseen outcomes which come to light only after the outcome
occurs.

➢ BENEFITS OF GLOBALIZATION FOR INDIAN EDUCATION [2]

❖ Academic Advantages:

✓ Aims at enhancing the overall core values in terms of research and technological
advancements.
✓ Helps in enhancing the outlook and the horizon of perceiving and problem solving.
✓ Personal Growth & Professional Growth Just as your student learned to adapt to
their new surroundings when they began college, they will again be urged to step
outside of their comfort zones during their global education experience. Students
typically return home with increased self-confidence and enhanced personal
growth (Mistretta, 2008).
✓ Intercultural Knowledge and Skills Through cultural immersion, students who
participate in global education programs are able to gain a greater depth of
knowledge about and appreciation for new cultures. This often includes acquiring
advanced language skills (Magnan and Back, 2007).
✓ Enhanced Global Perspective By experiencing the differences and similarities
between their host country and their home country, your student will enhance their
global perspectives and obtain a greater awareness of global affairs, including
political, educational, societal, and economic issues (Fernández, 2006)

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 Impact of Globalization and Liberalisation on Indian
Education System

➢ CONCLUSION [2]:
Globalization of Indian education system needs to be inculcated from the angle of different
important angles like, Socio-Economic, Political and Academic which pertains to the
allocation of the Education resource and degree of efficiency in the same.
Internationalization of higher education where in mutual sharing of knowledge, skills and
research generally takes place with the objective of mutual benefit and also aimed at
national and global development. Globalization is an opportunity for those who are aware of
the benefits due to their vigilance and inquisitiveness, which have proper access to the
information. Every individual wants to lead a complete and successful life with most of the
amenities and basic necessities though only a few actually gets the affordability of availing
them due to limited supply of resources insufficient for unlimited demand. Globalization will
lead to exposure and will unleash the hidden potential of many.

[4] Liberalization means, the promotion of increased trade through the elimination
of impediments which hinder free trade. Liberalization and deregulation are diverse terms
with different inferences. Higher education and on a smaller scale, adult education, are the
main educational sub-sectors affected by liberalization. Besides the fact that higher and
adult education is much more acute and forthcoming within the labour market, primary and
secondary education is usually regulated by the State. Basic schooling, as it is considered
in many countries, is a government responsibility. Additionally, it seems that the public
sector is not able to keep up with the increasing demand for higher education, leaving a
profitable market to the private suppliers. Higher education determinations are driven by,
globalisation, a phenomenon of growing universal interconnectedness that combines
economic, cultural and social changes and transformations. Globalisation and liberalisation
have put remarkable impact upon the system of higher education and an integral part of
this research paper discovers the influence of globalisation on higher education with
regards to SWOT analysis and liberalisation with its positive and negative effects.
REFERENCES:

[1] International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 12, December – 2013 IJERT
IJERTISSN: 2278-0181

[2] 2nd International Conference on Science, Technology & Management, University of Delhi,Conference Centre,
New Delhi (India) 27 September 2015, Mr. Sunit Samuel Murishwar Student, Lingaya’s University

[3] https://targetstudy.com/articles/impact-of-liberalization-on-education-system-in-india

[4] Liberalization of Education in India by Dr. Radhika Kapur

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