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Module 6 Cesc Gender Equality

1. The document discusses gender equality and the difference between sex and gender. It explains that sex is defined by biological characteristics while gender refers to societal norms and expectations of males and females. 2. It explores the origins of patriarchy and how gender roles developed, with men typically assigned tasks outside the home like hunting and women focusing on domestic duties like childcare. Over time this led to men holding more social power. 3. The document also summarizes several sociological theories of gender inequality and discusses how gender is socially constructed and reinforced through socialization, media, and cultural norms. It outlines key movements and international agreements promoting gender equality and women's rights.

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kimberson alacyang
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1K views

Module 6 Cesc Gender Equality

1. The document discusses gender equality and the difference between sex and gender. It explains that sex is defined by biological characteristics while gender refers to societal norms and expectations of males and females. 2. It explores the origins of patriarchy and how gender roles developed, with men typically assigned tasks outside the home like hunting and women focusing on domestic duties like childcare. Over time this led to men holding more social power. 3. The document also summarizes several sociological theories of gender inequality and discusses how gender is socially constructed and reinforced through socialization, media, and cultural norms. It outlines key movements and international agreements promoting gender equality and women's rights.

Uploaded by

kimberson alacyang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship

Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600


Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

S.Y. 2020-2021 Second Trimester Grade Level/Section: HUMSS 12


MODULE 6 – CESC Subject Teacher: KIMBERSON P. ALACYANG

GENDER EQUALITY
I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Promote awareness of human rights, gender equality, and equity in communities; and
2. Discuss the difference between sex and gender and the circumstances that led to gender roles and stereotypes.

II. DISCUSSION

Gender Equality
Each society establishes a structure that, based on sex and gender, permits or limits access to power, property, and
prestige; this structure is referred to as gender stratification.
 Sex and gender are different concepts.
 Sex is the biological characteristics that distinguish males and females—primary sex organs (organs related to
reproduction) and secondary sex organs (physical distinctions not related to reproduction).
 Gender is a social characteristic that varies from one society to another and refers to what the group considers
proper for its males and females.
 The sociological significance of gender is that it serves as a primary sorting device by which society controls its
members and thus is a structural feature of society.

 There is disagreement as to what produces gender differences in behavior:


 Some researchers argue that biological factors (two X chromosomes in females, one X and one Y chromosome in
males) result in differences in the behavior of males (more aggressive and domineering) and females (more
comforting and nurturing).
 The dominant sociological position is that gender differences result from sex being used to mark people for
special treatment; males and females then take the relative positions that society assigns to them.
How Females Became a Minority Group?
Sexism - An individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given sex. Institutional
practices (even if not motivated by prejudice) that subordinate people of a given sex.
A. Around the world, gender is the primary division between people because society sets up barriers to deny women
equal access, women are referred to as a minority even though they outnumber men.
B. Although the origin of patriarchy (male dominance) is unknown, one theory points to the social consequences of human
reproduction.
 As a result of pregnancy and breast-feeding, women were limited for much of their lives; they assumed tasks
associated with the home and child care.
 Men took over tasks requiring greater speed and longer absences, such as hunting animals. This enabled men to
make contact with other tribes and to wage war; male prestige was the result of their accumulation of possessions
through trade and war with other groups. Little prestige was given to women’s routine tasks; women were not
perceived as risking their lives for the group.
 Eventually, men took over society, using their weapons, their possessions, and their knowledge to guarantee that
they held more social power than women.

 Sociological Theories of Gender Inequality

A. Structural-Functionalist Perspective
o Argue that “pre-industrial society” required a division of labor based on gender
o Home performing functions (Women): bearing, nursing, and caring for children
o Male: responsible for providing food, clothing, and shelter for the families
o Industrialization: rendered the traditional division of labor less functional, although remnants of the
supporting belief system still exist.

B. Conflict Perspective
o Male Dominance and Female Subordination: Shaped by relationships men and women have to the
production process
o Evolution to Agricultural and Industrial modes of production: private property developed where men
gained control on the modes of production
o Marxist tradition: gender inequality based on ownership of the means of production, patriarchy,
gendered division of labor in the workplace

C. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective


o Gender Assignments begin at birth (labeling). It has shaped our thoughts about how we see ourselves
and our relationship with the world.
This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or transmission in any form,
medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.
Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

S.Y. 2020-2021 Second Trimester Grade Level/Section: HUMSS 12


MODULE 6 – CESC Subject Teacher: KIMBERSON P. ALACYANG

o Media images and sanctions have conditioned the minds of children and adults with dominant ideas of
masculinity and femininity likewise how they should act as a man and a woman.
o Gender determines the pattern of entitlement and engagement of inequality, hierarchical distinctions, and
advantages.
o Women are generally socialized into expressive roles and males are more often socialized into
instrumental roles

Gender Socialization – is a process in which men and women learn about their proper place in society through various
practices learned in the family, religion, education, culture, peers and media.

 Historical Context

 History – Present Day


19th – Concentration on Equal Rights
20th – Culture of Feminists
21st – Equality in the Workplace and Politics

 Stages: Women’s Right


1. 1880’s-1920’s – Governments recognized universal suffrage and Women gained the right to vote
2. 1960’s-present – Fought for equal rights, maternal rights, right to vote and job equality

 Gender Movements
 Feminism - the advocacy of women's rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men.
 Gender Equality - all human beings are free to develop personal abilities to make choices without the limitations
set by strict gender roles.
o Different behavior, aspirations, and needs of men and women are considered, valued, and favored
equally.
 Gender Equity - fairness and justice in the distribution of benefits and responsibilities of men and women.
 Gender Empowerment – Women gaining power and control over their lives. Freedom of their own decisions and
strategic choices over their lives involves awareness-raising, building self-confidence, expansion of choices and
access to and control over resources and opportunities.
International and Local Statutes related to Gender Equality
 International
- Convention on the Elimination of All forms of discrimination against Women (CEDAW) – ADOPTED BY
UN(1979), women’s bill of rights
- Beijjing Declaration and Platform for Action at the Fourth World Conference on Women(sponsored by
UN); equality, development, and peace for women
- Millennium Development Goals, 2015 - 2000
 Local
 Republic Act 9262:Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 (permanent protection orders)
 Republic Act 10354: The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of
 Republic Act 9710: Magna Carta of Women (2012(rights of Filipino Women esp. In the marginalized sector)
 Republic Act 8505: Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act of 1998 (provide counseling, free legal
assistance, ensure the privacy and safety of rape survivors)
 Republic Act 7877: Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995: upholds the State policy to value the dignity of every
human individual, to guarantee full respect for human rights

 The 8 MDG Goals


1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development

 Major Organizations/Agencies (Ph)

- Philippine Women’s Commission: the primary policy-making and coordinating body on women and
gender equality concerns
This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or transmission in any form,
medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.
Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

S.Y. 2020-2021 Second Trimester Grade Level/Section: HUMSS 12


MODULE 6 – CESC Subject Teacher: KIMBERSON P. ALACYANG

- Gabriela (Women’s group) 2001


- DSWD
- Commission on Human Rights
- DOLE

III. REFERENCES
 Abenir, M. (2017) Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship. Makati City: Diwa Learning System Inc.
 De Leon, H., Textbook on the Philippine Constitution, Quezon City: Rex Bookstore. 2014
 http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/
 Macionis, J. (2012) Sociology. 14th Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc
 Rowell, K. (2006) Essentials of Sociology. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc
 Taguibao, J. (2017) Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship. Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc.

This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or transmission in any form,
medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.

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