fiziks

Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
IIT-JAM 2021
SECTION – A
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
Q1 – Q10 Carry One Mark Each
Q1. The function ecos x is Taylor expanded about x  0 . The coefficient of x 2 is
1 e e
(a)  (b)  (c) (d) Zero
2 2 2
Ans. : (b)
Solution: f  x   ecos x

Taylor expansion about x  x0 is

 x  x0 
2

f  x   f  x0    x  x0  f   x0   f   x0   ...
2!
 Taylor expansion about x  0
f   0 
f  x   f  0   xf   0   x 2 
2!
f   0 
Coefficient of x 2 is
2!
f  x   ecos x  f   x    sin xecos x

  
f   x    cos xecos x  sin x  sin xecos x    cos x  sin 2 x ecos x 
 f   0    1  0  e1  e

f   0  e
 coefficients of x 2  
2! 2
Q2. Let M be a 2  2 matrix. Its trace is 6 and its determinant has value 8 . Its eigenvalues
are
(a) 2 and 4 (b) 3 and 3 (c) 2 and 6 (d) 2 and 3
Ans. : (a)
Solution: M is a 2  2 matrix
We know trace  sum of eigenvalues
and determinant  product of eigenvalues

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 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
Let eigenvalues are 1 and 2 .

 1  2  6 and 12  8

1  2 , 2  4
Q3. A planet is in a highly eccentric orbit about a star. The distance of its closest approach is
300 times smaller than its farthest distance from the star. If the corresponding speeds are
vc
vc and v f , then is
vf

1 1
(a) (b) (c) 300 (d) 300
300 300
Ans. : (d)
Solution: Using conservation of angular momentum
vc rf 300rc
mvc rc  mv f rf     300
v f rc rc

Q4. An object of density  is floating in a liquid with 75% of its volume submerged. The
density of the liquid is
4 3 8
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 2 
3 2 5
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Weight of object equal to buoyancy force
3 4
V  g  Vdg  d  
4 3
Q5. An experiment with a Michelson interferometer is performed in vacuum using a laser of
wavelength 610 nm . One of the beams of the interferometer passes through a small glass
cavity 1.3cm long. After the cavity is completely filled with a medium of refractive
index n, 472 dark fringes are counted to move past a reference line. Given that the speed

of light is 3 108 m / s , the value of n is

(a) 1.01 (b) 1.04 (c) 1.06 (d) 1.10
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Change in optical path x  m  2  n  1 t  m

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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
n 472  610 10 9
 n 1    n  1  0  011  n  1  011
2t 2 1 3 102
Q6. For a semiconductor material, the conventional flat band energy diagram is shown in the
figure. The variables Y , X respectively, are conduction band
Y
(a) Energy, Momentum
(b) Energy, Distance
(c) Distance, Energy
(d) Momentum, Energy
valence band
Ans. : (b) X
Solution: Along the y-axis energy varies while along x-axis distance is variable.
Q7. For the given circuit, VD is the threshold voltage of the diode. The graph that best
1k 
deposits variation of V0 with Vi is

1k 
Vi 
V0


V0 V0

(a) (b)
Vi Vi
0 0 VD

V0 V0

(c) (d)
Vi Vi
0 0

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Ans. : (a)
Solution:
Postive half Cycle Negative half Cycle
1k  1k 
s.c. o.c.
    

1k  1k 
Vi  o.c. Vi  s.c.
   V0  0   V0
 


1k
V0   Vi  Vi
1k

Q8. Arrange the following telescopes, where D is the telescope diameter and  is the
wavelength, in order of decreasing resolving power:
I. D  100 m,   21 cm II. D  2 m,   500 nm
III. D  1 m,   100 nm IV. D  2 m,   10 mm
(a) III, II, IV, I (b) II, III, I, IV
(c) IV, III, II, I (d) III, II, I, IV
Ans. : (d)

Solution: d  1.22
D
d I  2.56 103 ; d II  3.05 107

d III  1.22  107 ; d IV  6.1 103

1
Resolving power 
d
RPIII  RPII  RPI  RPIV

Q9. Metallic lithium has bcc crystal structure. Each unit cell is a cube of side a . The number
of atoms per unit volume is
1 2 2 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a3 2a 3 a3 a3

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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
Ans. : (c)
1
Solution: The effective number of atoms in BCC is neff   8  1  2
8
The volume of the bcc unit cell of side a is a 3 .
2
Thus, the number of atoms per unit volume is  .
a3
Therefore, the correct option is (c).
Q10. The moment of inertia of a solid sphere (radius R and mass M ) about the axis which is
R
at a distance of from the centre is
2
3 1 13 9
(a) MR 2 (b) MR 2 (c) MR 2 (d) MR 2
20 2 20 10
Ans. : (c)
Solution:
Using parallel axis theorem
R 2
I 0  I C .M  Md 2 ; d  , I C .M  MR 2
2 5

MR 2  8  5 
2
2 R 2 13
I 0  MR 2  M    MR 2    MR 
2
MR 2
5  
2 5 4  20  20
Q11 – Q30. carry two marks each
Q11. Let  x, y  denote the coordinates in a rectangular Cartesian coordinate system C . Let

 x, y denote the coordinates in another coordinate system C  defined by

x  2 x  3 y
y   3 x  4 y
The area element in C  , is
1
(a) dxdy (b) 12dxdy (c) dxdy (d) xdxdy
17
Ans. : (a)
Solution: C  x, y   C   x, y 

dxdy  Jdxdy

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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
x y
J  x, y  x x
where J  
J  x, y  x y
y y

x x
J  x, y  x y 1
J   
J  x, y  y y J
x y

2 3  x  2 x  3 y 
J   8   9   17  y  3x  4 y 
3 4  
1 1 1
J    dxdy  dxdy
J  17 17
Q12. Three events, E1  ct  0, x  0  , E2  ct  0, x  L  and E3  ct  0, x   L  occur, as

observed in an inertial frame S . Frame S  is moving with a speed v along the positive
x - direction with respect to S . In S  , let t1, t2 , t3 be the respective times at which E1 , E2

and E3 occurred. Then,

(a) t2  t1  t3 (b) t1  t2  t3 (c) t3  t1  t2 (d) t3  t2  t1
Ans. : (a)
 v 
Solution: t1    t1  2 x1   t1   t
 c 
 v   v 
t2    t2  2 x2   t1    t  2 L 
 c   c 
 v   v   v 
t3    t3  2 x3   t2    t  2   L    t2    t  2 L 
 c   c   c 
t2  t1  t3

dy
Q13. The solution y  x  of the differential equation y  3x  0, y 1  0 , is described by
dx
(a) an ellipse (b) a circle (c) a parabola (d) a straight line

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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
Ans. : (a)
dy dy y 2 3x 2
Solution: y  3x  0  y  3x   ydy   3 xdx   0   c
dx dx 2 2

02 3 1
2
3
Finding the value of c , at x  1, y  0 ;   c c
2 2 2
y 2 3x 2 3 y2 x2 y2
    y 2  3x 2  3   x2  1  2  1
1  3
2
2 2 2 3

Which is equation of an ellipse.

Q14. In the figure below, point A is the object and point B is the image formed by the lens.
Let l1 , l2 and l3 denote the optical path lengths of the three rays 1, 2 and 3 , respectively.
Identify the correct statement.
1

2
A B

(a) l1  l2  l3 (b) l1  l2  l3

(c) l1  l3  l2 (d) l1  l3  l2
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Fermat’s principle: A ray of light in traveling between two points requires either a
minimum or a maximum time.
Q15. A particle initially at the origin in an inertial frame S , has a constant velocity Viˆ . Frame
S  is rotating about the z - axis with angular velocity  (anticlockwise). The coordinate

axes of S  coincide with those of S at t  0 . The velocity of the particle Vx, Vy  in the


S  frame, at t  is
2
 V   V   3V  
(a)   , V  (b)  V , V  (c)  , V  (d)  , V 
 2   2   2 

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Ans. : (a)
Solution:  ˆj , iˆ 
s
ĵ  ĵ s iˆ


2
  t  ĵ  
After time t  iˆ
iˆ 2
    V ˆ
From S frame V  Viˆ after time t  position vector is r  V .t  r  i
2 2

The angular velocity of S ' frame with respect to S frame is    k̂
Relation between rotation and space frame is
  
V ˆ ˆ
 dr 
  
 dr 
 
 dt  Space  dt rot

 
  r  ˆ
Vi 
 dr 
  
 dt rot 2
k i  

 dr  V ˆ
   Viˆ  j but iˆ and ĵ defined in S frame.
  rot
dt 2

Due to rotation of S ' frame after time t  ; iˆ   ˆj ' , ˆj  iˆ'
2

 dr   V ˆ'
   Vjˆ 
'
i
 dt  rot 2
So answer (a) is correct.
Q16. For the given circuit, the output Y is
A

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) A (d) A

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Ans. : (d) A

Solution: Y1  A  0  A0  A0  A
Y
Y2  A  A  AA  AA  0 Y1 Y2

Thus Y  A  0  A0  A0  A
Q17. The total charge contained within the cube (see figure), in which the electric field is given

 
by E  K 4 x 2iˆ  3 yjˆ , where  0 is the permittivity of free space, is
y
01 0

0 0 0 10 0
x
 001
z
(a) 7 K  0 (b) 5K  0 (c) 33K  0 (d) Zero
Ans. : (a)
     1 1
Solution: (i) x  1, d a  dydzxˆ , E  d a  4 Kx 2 dydz  4 Kdydz so  E  d a  4 K  dy  dz  4 K .
0 0
    
(ii) x  0, d a  dydzxˆ , E  d a  4 Kx 2 dydz  0 so  E da  0 .
    
(iii) y  1, d a  dxdzyˆ , E  d a  3Kydxdz  3Kdxdz so  E da  0 .
     1 1
(iv) y  0, d a  dxdzyˆ , E  d a  3Kydxdz  0 so  E  d a  3 K   dz  3K .
0
dx
0
    
(v) z  1, d a  dxdyzˆ, E  d a  0 so  E da  0 .
    
(vi) z  0, d a  dxdyzˆ, E  d a  0 so  E da  0 .
 
Thus Qenc   0  E  d a  4 K  0  0  3K  0  0  0  0  7 K  0

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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
Q18. Four charges are placed very closed to each other, as shown. The separation between the
two charges on the y -axis is a . The separation between the two charges on the x -axis
is also a . The leading order (non-vanishing) form of the electrostatic potential, at point
P , at a distance r from the origin  r  a  , is
P

q
a 600
q O q
q
a

(a)
1 qa
4 0 2r 2
 3 1  (b)
1 2qa
4 0 r 2

(c)
1 qa
4 0 r 2
 5 1  (d)
1 qa

4 0 r 2
1 3 
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Qmono  q  q  q  q  0
 a   a   a  a 
p  q yˆ   q   xˆ   q   yˆ   q  xˆ   qa   xˆ  yˆ 
2   2   2  2 

1 p.rˆ 1 qa
Vdip     xˆ.rˆ  yˆ.rˆ 
4 0 r 2
4 0 r 2

1 qa  1 3
2 
 cos 600  sin 600  
1 qa
 Vdip  2 
  
4 0 r 4 0 r  2 2 

 Vdip 
1 qa
4 0 2r 2
 3 1 

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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
Q19. At t  0, N 0 number of a radioactive nuclei A start decaying into B with a decay

constant a . The daughter nuclei B decay into nuclei C with a decay constant b . Then,

the number of nuclei B at small time t (to the leading order) is

(a) a N 0t (b)  a  b  N 0t

(c)  a  b  N 0t (d) b N 0 t

Ans. : (a)
a b
Solution: A   B  C
N 0 a N N
NB  e  at  e  bt   0 a 1  a t  1  bt   0 a  b  a  t
b  a b  a b  a
N B  N 0 a t

Q20. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave has the form E  E0 cos t  kz  iˆ . At

t  0 , a test particle of charge q is at z  0 , and has velocity v  0.5ckˆ , where c is the
speed of light. The total instantaneous force on the particle is

(a)
qE0 ˆ
2
i (b)
2

qE0 ˆ ˆ
ij  (c)
2

qE0 ˆ ˆ
i k  (d) Zero

Ans. : (a)
  E
Solution: E  E0 cos t  kz  iˆ and corresponding B  0 cos t  kz  ˆj
c
   
Force on charge particle q is F  qE  q v  B  
 c E 
F  qE0 cos t  kz  iˆ  q  kˆ  0 cos t  kz  ˆj 
2 c 
 qE qE
F  qE0 cos t  kz  iˆ  0 cos t  kz  iˆ  0 cos t  kz  iˆ
2 2
qE0 ˆ
Thus the total instantaneous force on the particle is i.
2

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Q21. The rms velocity of molecules of oxygen gas is given by v at some temperature T . The
T
molecules of another gas have the same rms velocity at temperature . The second gas
16
is
(a) Hydrogen (b) Helium (c) Nitrogen (d) Neon
Ans. : (a)

3k BT 3RT
Solution: vlinear   , M is molecular mass.
m M
For oxygen, molecule, M  2  16  32
3RT 3R  T 
2
vrms  oxygen   vrms
2
 unknown gas       M  2 i.e., Hydrogen gas.
32 M  16 
Q22. A system undergoes a thermodynamic transformation from state S1 to state S2 via two

different paths 1 and 2 . The heat absorbed and work done along path 1 are 50 J and
30 J , respectively. If the heat absorbed along path 2 is 30 J , the work done along path
2 is
(a) Zero (b) 10 J (c) 20 J (d) 30 J
Ans. : (b)
Solution: QI  50 J , WI  30 J
I
QII  30 J , WII  ?
Q  U  W  U  Q  W S1 S2

U I  U II  QI  WI  QII  WII

II
 50  30  30  WII  WII  10 J
Q23. The condition for maxima in the interference of two waves
k 
k
i 0
 2
  
3x  y  t 

i  0  x  y   t 
 2 
Ae and Ae
is given in terms of the wavelength  and m , an integer, by

(a)    
3  2 x  1  2 y  2m (b)    
3  2 x  1  2 y  2m

(c)  3 2  x  1  2  y  m (d)  3 2  x  1  2  y   2m  1 

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Ans. : (a)

Solution: 1 
k0
2
 
3 x  y  t , 2 
k0
2
 x  y   t

  1  2 
k0 
2 
k
3 x  y  2 x  2 y   0 
2 
   
3  2 x  1 2 y

For maxima:   2m
k0 
2 
   
3  2 x  1  2 y   2m

4m
  
3  2 x  1 2 y   2 / 
 2m

Q24. A semiconductor pn junction at thermal equilibrium has the space charge density   x 

profile as shown in the figure. The figure that best depicts the variation of the electric
field E with x is ( W denotes the width of the depletion layer)


x
W 0 W

2 2

E p-type n-type E

(a) (b)
0 x 0 x
W W W W
 
2 2 2 2

E E

(c) 0 x (d) 0 x
W W W W
 
2 2 2 2

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Ans. : (b)
d 2V  dE 
Solution:     x  E  x2
dx 2
0 dx  0
So option (b) is correct.
Q25. A mass m is connected to a massless spring of spring constant k , which is fixed to a
wall. Another mass 2m , having kinetic energy E , collides collinearly with the mass m
completely inelastically (see figure). The entire set up is placed on a frictionless floor.
The maximum compression of the spring is

m 2m

4E E E E
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3k 3k 5k 7k
Ans. : (a)

Solution:
1
2
 2mv2   E  mv2  E
2
Conservation of momentum: 2m.v  3m.v1  v1  v
3
Conservation of energy after collision
2
1 1 2  4mv 2 4E
3m.v12  kA2  kA2  3m   v   kA2  A  
2 2 3  3k 3k
Q26. A linearly polarized light falls on a quarter wave plate and the emerging light is found to
be elliptically polarized. The angle between the fast axis of the quarter wave plate and the
plane of polarization of the incident light, can be
(a) 300 (b) 450 (c) 900 (d) 1800
y
Ans. : (a)
Solution:
 x
Optics Axis

QWP
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(a) If   30 , then emergent light will be EPL.


(b) If   450 , then emergent light will be CPL.

(c) If   900 , than emergent light will be PPL .
(d) If   1800 , then emergent light will be PPL.
Q27. The expression for the magnetic field that induces the electric field

 
E  K yziˆ  3 zjˆ  4 ykˆ cos t  is

(a) 


K ˆ ˆ

i  yj  zkˆ sin t  (b) 


K ˆ ˆ

i  yj  zkˆ sin t 

(c) 


K ˆ ˆ

i  yj  zkˆ sin t  (d) 
K

 iˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ  sin t 
Ans. : (a)

iˆ ˆj kˆ
    
Solution:   E  K cos t   K cos t  iˆ  4  3  ˆj  0  y   kˆ  0  z  
x y z
yz 3z 4 y

   B  K
   E  K cos t  i  yj  zk   
ˆ ˆ ˆ  B   sin t  iˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ 
t 
Q28. In the Fourier series expansion of two functions f1  t   4t 2  3 and f 2  t   6t 3  7t in

T T
the interval  to  , the Fourier coefficient an and bn ( an and bn are coefficients
2 2
of cos  nt  and sin  nt  , respectively) satisfy

(a) an  0 and bn  0 for f1  t  ; an  0 and bn  0 for f 2  t 

(b) an  0 and bn  0 for f1  t  ; an  0 and bn  0 for f 2  t 

(c) an  0 and bn  0 for f1  t  ; an  0 and bn  0 for f 2  t 

(d) an  0 and bn  0 for f1  t  ; an  0 and bn  0 for f 2  t 

Ans. : (b)
 L L 
Solution: Fourier series of a function b / w x   , 
 2 2

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 n x   n x 
g  x   a0   an cos    bn sin  
 L   L 
 Fourier series of a function t   1/ 2,1/ 2

 n t n t  
g  t   a0    an cos  bn sin   a0    an cos t  bn sin nt 
n 1  T /2 T /2 n 1

2 T /2 2n t 2 T /2 2n t
where an   g  t  cos dt , bn   g  t  sin dt
T T / 2 T T T / 2 T
For f1  t   4t 2  3

2 T / 2 f1  t  2n t 2 T / 2 f1  t  2n t
an 
T  T / 2 
cos
T
0; bn 
T  T / 2 
sin
T
0
even even
 
even odd

For f 2  t   6t 3  7t (odd function)

2 T / 2 f2 t  2n t 2 T / 2 f2 t  2n t
an 
T  T / 2 
cos
T
dt  0 ; bn 
T  T / 2 
sin
T
dt  0
odd odd
 
even odd

 For f1  t  : an  0 and bn  0 and For f 2  t  : an  0 and bn  0

Q29. A thin circular disc lying in the xy -plane has a surface mass density  , given by

  r2 
  if r  R
  r    0  R 2 
1
 if r  R
 0

where r is the distance from its center. Its moment of inertia about the z -axis, passing
through its center is
 0 R4  0 R 4
(a) (b) (c)  0 R 4 (d) 2 0 R 4
4 6
Ans. : (b)
 2
dm
Solution: I z    r dm
2
where   r    dm   rdrd
0 0
rdrd
 2
 r2 
R
 R 4 R 4   0 R 4
I z    r  rdrd  2 0  r 1  2  dr  2 0 
2 3
 
0 0 0  R   4 6  6

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Q30. The radial component of acceleration in plane polar coordinates is given by

 d 
2
d 2r d 2r
(a) 2 (b) 2  r  
dt dt  dt 

 d  dr d d 2
2
d 2r
(c) 2  r   (d) 2 r 2
dt  dt  dt dt dt
Ans. : (b)
  ˆ  dv  a  
 ˆ  r
Solution: v  rr
dt
   
r  r 2 rˆ  r  2r ˆ

 d 
2
d 2r
 ar  r 
 dt 
2
dt

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SECTION – B
MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTIONS (MSQ)
Q31 – Q40 Carry Two Marks Each
Q31. A gaseous system, enclosed in an adiabatic container, is in equilibrium at pressure P1 and

volume V1 . Work is done on the system in a quasi-static manner due to which the

pressure and volume change to P2 and V2 , respectively, in the final equilibrium state. At

CP
every instant, the pressure and volume obey the condition PV   C , where   and
CV
C is a constant. If the work done is zero, then identify the correct statement(s)

2 2  PV
(a) PV 1 1 2 2   PV
(b) PV 1 1

2 2     1 PV
(c) PV 1 1 2 2     1 PV
(d) PV 1 1

Ans. : (a)
Solution: adiabatic
 P1 ,V1  process  P2 ,V2 
Q  0 [ the process is adiabatic], W  0 [given]
Q  U  W  U  0  T  0
i.e. the process is isothermal too
 PV
1 1  PV
2 2 must satisfy.

Alternate,
Since the process is adiabatic [i.e Q  0 ]
And work done, W  0 [given]
1
We know, for adiabatic process, Work   PV  PV 
 1 1 1 2 2
1
0  PV  PV   PV
1 1  PV
 1 1 1 2 2 2 2

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Q32. An isolated ideal gas is kept at pressure P1 and volume V1 . The gas undergoes free

expansion and attains a pressure P2 and volume V2 . Identify the correct statements(s)

 CP 
  
 CV 

(a) This is an adiabatic process 1 1  PV

(b) PV 2 2

 
1 1  PV
(c) PV 2 2 (d) This is an isobaric process
Ans. : (a), (b)
Solution:

Vaccum

 P1 ,V1   P2 ,V2 
Free expansion
Free expansion of ideal gas is irreversible adiabatic process. (Since the entropy increase)
Work done in free expansion is zero. (Ideal gas)
1
W  PV  PV   0  PV
1 1  PV
 1 2 2 1 1 2 2

is true for a reversible adiabatic process but since here the process is irreversible, it does
not apply here.

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Q33. A beam of light travelling horizontally consists of an unpolarized component with
intensity I 0 and a polarized component with intensity I p . The plane of polarization is

oriented at an angle  with respect to the vertical. The figure shows the total intensity
I total after the light passes through a polarizer as a function of the angle  , that the axis
of the polarizer makes with respect to the vertical. Identify the correct statements(s)
I total (W / m 2 )
25

20

15

10

0 50 100 150 200

 (degrees)

(a)   1250 (b) I p  5 W / m 2

(c) I 0  17.5 W / m 2 (d) I 0  10W / m 2 ; I p  20 W / m 2

Ans. : (d)
I I
Solution: I total   I p cos 2  , I min    5W / m 2  I   10W / m 2
2 2
I
I max   I p  25  I p  20W / m 2
2

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Q34. Consider the following differential equation that describes the oscillations of a physical
system:
d2y dy
 2    y  0
dt dt
If  and  are held fixed, and  is increased, then,
(a) The frequency of oscillations increases
(b) The oscillations decay faster
(c) The frequency of oscillations decreases
(d) The oscillations decay slower
Ans. : (a)
d 2 y  dy 
Solution:   y0
dt 2  dt 
  
2    , 0 
 2 

 2 1 1
(a)   02   2   2  4   2    4   2
 4 2 2
So, option (a) is correct and option (c) is wrong
(b) A  A0 e  t


  constant
2
So, option (b) and (d) are is wrong.
Q35. For the given circuit, identify the correct statement(s)
1k
(a) I 0  1 mA

(b) V0  3V
1k

(c) If RL is doubled, I 0 will change to 0.5 mA V0

(d) If RL is doubled, V0 will change to 6V
1 k 1 k
1V
I0 RL  1.5 k 

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Ans. : (a), (b), (d) 1k 
Solution: Apply KCL at inverting terminal
I2
0  V1 V1  V0 1k  V1
I1  I 2    V0  2V1  
1k 1k
V0
I1 
Apply KCL at Non-inverting terminal
1  V1 V1 V1  V0
I 0  I 0  I 0     V1  RL Volts 1k  V 1k 
1k RL 1k  1
1V I 
I 0
V 1.5 V I0 RL  1.5 k 
0
(a) I 0  1   1 mA (b) V0  2V1  2 1.5  3V
RL 1.5k
V1 3 V
(c) I 0    1 mA (d) V0  2V1  6 V
RL 3k

Q36. A Carnot engine operates between two temperatures, TL  100 K and TH  150 K . Each

cycle of the engine lasts for 0.5 seconds during which the power delivered is
500 J / second . Let QH be the corresponding heat absorbed by the engine and QL be the
heat lost. Identify the correct statement(s)
(a) QH  750 J

QH 2
(b) 
QL 3
(c) The change in entropy of the engine and the hot bath in a cycle is 5 J / K
(d) The change in entropy of the engine in 0.5 seconds is zero.
Ans. : (a), (c), (d)
Solution: Work done in 1sec  500J
500
Work done in 0.5sec   250 J is work done in one cycle  250J
2
T2 T 100 1
  1  1 C  1 
T1 TH 150 3
W 1 250
    QH  750 J
QH 3 QH
QL 1 2
  1   QL   750  500 J
QH 3 3

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Q
 H  1.5 
2 TH  150 K
QL 3
Change in entropy of engine in one cycle QH

QH  QL  750  500 

Sengine      55  0
TH TL 150 100 engine work
i.e change in entropy of engine in 0.5 seconds is zero.
Change in entropy of engine and hot bath QL

 Sengine  S hot bath  0 

 QH   5 J / K
TL  100 K
TH
 
Q37. A time independent conservative force F has the form, F  3 yiˆ  f  x, y  ˆj . Its

magnitude at x  y  0 is 8 . The allowed form(s) of f  x, y  is (are)

(a) 3 x  8 (b) 2 x  8  y  1 (c) 3x  8e  y (d) 2 x  8cos y

2 2

Ans. : (a), (c)

xˆ yˆ zˆ
  
Solution: For conservative force F ;   F   / x  / y  / z  0
3y f  x, y  0

 f  f
 xˆ  0  0   yˆ  0  0   zˆ   3   0  3
 x  x

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Q38. The figure shows the cross-section of hollow cylindrical tank, 2.2 m in diameter which is
half filled with water (refractive index of 1.33). The space above the water is filled with a
gas of unknown refractive index. A small laser moves along the bottom surface and aims
a light beam towards the center (see figure). When the laser moves a distance of
S  1.09 m or beyond from the lowest point in the water, no light enters the gas. Identify

the correct statement(s) (speed of light is 3  108 m / s ).

Gas

Water surface

S Laser

(a) The refractive index of the gas is 1.05

(b) The time taken for the light beam to travel from the laser to the rim of the tank when
S  1.09 m is 8.9 ns
(c) The time taken for the light beam to travel from the laser to the rim of the tank when
S  1.09 m is 9.7 ns

(d) The critical angle for the water-gas interface is 56.77 0

Ans. : (b), (c), (d)
S 1.09
Solution:  c    0.991 rad
R 1.1
 c  56.80  56.770 R c

So, option (d) is correct.

(a) Apply Snell’s law 1.09m
n sin  c  ng sin 90 0

 
ng  1.33  sin 56.77 0  1.11 or ng  1.33  sin  56.80   1.11

Option (a) is wrong.

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(b) If S  1.09m , then time taken by laser light to reach the rim will be
R R R 1.1 11 2.44
t      a   8 
1.33  1.11  ns  8.94ns
v va c 3  10 3
Option (b) is correct.
(c) If S  1.09m , then time taken by laser light to reach the rim will be
2R 2 1.1 22  1.33
t  1.33  ns  t  9.75ns
 3  108
3
Option (c) is correct.
Q39. Identify the correct statement(s) regarding nuclei
(a) The uncertainly in the momentum of a proton in a nucleus is roughly 105 times the
uncertainly in the momentum of the electron in the ground state of Hydrogen atom
(b) The volume of a nucleus grows linearly with the number of nucleons in it
(c) The energy of  rays due to de-excitation of nucleus can be of the order of MeV
56
(d) Fe is the most stable nucleus
Ans. : (a), (b), (c), (d)

Solution: (a) p p R p  pe Re 
2
p p Re 1010 m
   105
pe R p 1015 m

4 4
(b) V   R 3   R03 A
3 3
(c) The energy of different energy levels and sublevels is of the order of MeV
56
(d) Binding energy per nuclei is maximum for Fe
Q40. A particle of mass m is in an infinite square well potential of length L . It is in a
superposed state of the first two energy eigenstates, as given by

1 2
  x   n 1  x    n  2  x  . Identify the correct statement(s). h is Planck’s
3 3
constant.

3h 3h 2
(a) p  0 (b) p  (c) E  (d) x  0
2L 8mL2

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Ans. : (a), (b), (c)
Solution: Incoming momentum and outgoing momentum is same so p  0

1 2 3 2  2 3h 2
E  E0  4 E0  3E0   E 
3 3 2mL2 8mL2
1  2  2 2 4 2  2 3 2  2
p2   
3 L2 3 L2 L2
3h
p  p2  p 
2

2L
x  0

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SECTION – C
NUMERICAL ANSWER TYPE (NAT)
Q41 – Q50 Carry One Mark Each
Q41. One of the roots of the equation, z 6  3z 4  16  0 is given by z1  2 . The value of the
product of the other five roots is ________
Ans. : 8
Solution: z 6  3z 4  16  0
Let the roots be  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,
  2 (given)
16 16
   16    8
1 2
i.e product of other five roots  8
Q42. The following Zener diode voltage regulator circuit is used to obtain 20 V regulated
output at load resistance RL from a 35 V dc power supply. Zener diodes are rated at

5W and 10 V . The value of the resistance R is _________  .

R


35V  RL

Ans. : 30
1
Solution: PZM  VZ I ZM  5W  10V  I ZM  I ZM  A
2
35V  20V 15V
Current through R is  
R R
15V 1
Thus  I ZM  A  R  30  .
R 2

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Q43. A small conducting square loop of side l is placed inside a concentric large conducting
square loop of side L  L  l  . The value of mutual inductance of the system is expressed

n 0 l 2
as . The value of n is ______ (Round off to two decimal places)
L
Ans. : 2.828
Solution: Assume smaller loop (loop-1) is at the centre of bigger loop(loop-2). Let current I is
flowing in bigger loop.
0 I
Magnetic field at the centre of a square loop is B  4   sin  2  sin 1 
4 d
0 I 4 0 I
 B  4
4 L / 2
 
sin 450  sin  450  
 2L
4 0 I
Flux through loop-1 is 1  MI  B  l 2  MI   l 2  MI
 2L
4 0l 2  l2
M   2.828 0
2 L L
Q44. Consider N1 number of ideal gas particles enclosed in a volume V1 . If the volume is

changed to V2 and the number of particles is reduced by half, the mean free path becomes

V1
four times of its initial value. The ratio is ________ (Round off to one decimal place).
V2
Ans. : 0.5
1 V V
Solution:        V  N
2n d 2
2 N d 2
N
V1 1 N1 1 N1
   0.5
V2 2 N 2
 41   1 
N
 2 

Q45. A particle is moving with a velocity 0.8cjˆ ( c is the speed of light) in an inertial frame S1 .

Frame S2 is moving with a velocity 0.8ciˆ with respect to S1 . Let E1 and E2 be the

E2
respective energies of the particle in the two frames. Then, is ________ (Round off
E1
to two decimal places).

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Ans. : 1.66
Solution: From S1 frame the velocity of particle is 0.8cjˆ so energy is

m0 c 2 m0 c 2 10
  m0 c 2  E1  1.66m0 c 2
v p , S1
2
1  0.64 6
1
c2
ux  0 , uy  0.8c , v  0.8c

v2
uy 1
u  v c 2  0.8c 1  0.64  0.8c  0.6  0.48c
ux  x  0.8c , u y 
u v u v
1  x2 1  x2
c c

u p , S2   0.8    0.48 c  0.64  0.23c  0.87c  0.93c

2 2

m0 c 2 m0 c 2 E2 2.78
E2    2.78m0 c 2    1.66
1  0.87 0.36 E1 1.67

Q46. At some temperature T , two metals A and B , have Fermi energies A and B ,

A
respectively. The free electron density of A is 64 times that of B . The ratio is ____.
B
Ans. : 16
Solution: The Fermi energy for metal A and B is written as
2
  2
 
2/3 2/3
A  3 2 n A and B  3 2 nB
2m 2m

The ratio of the Fermi energy is

2/3 2/3
A  nA   64nB 
     64   16
2/3

B  nB   nB 
0 0
Q47. A crystal has monoclinic structure, with lattice parameters, a  5.14 A , b  5.20 A ,
o
c  5.30 A and angle   990 . It undergoes a phase transition to tetragonal structure with
0 0 V
lattice parameters, a  5.09 A and c  5.27 A . The fractional change in the volume
V
of the crystal due to this transition is __________ (Round off to two decimal places).

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Ans. : 0.024
Solution: Volume of the monoclinic unit cell is
Vmono  abc sin     5.14  5.20  5.30  sin  99  1030 m3  139.91 1030 m3

Volume of the tetragonal unit cell is

Vtetr  a 2 c  5.09  5.09  5.27 1030 m3  136.54 1030 m3

V
The fractional change in the volume is
V

V 139.91  136.54
  0.024
V 139.91
Q48. A laser beam shines along a block of transparent material of length 2.5 m . Part of the
beam goes to the detector D1 while the other part travels through the block and then hits

the detector D2 . The time delay between the arrivals of the two light beams is inferred to

be 6.25 ns . The speed of light c  3  108 m / s . The refractive index of the block
is____________ (Round off to two decimal places).
D1
Laser

D2

Ans. : 1.73 to 1.77

Solution: Time delay t 

Extra path travelled
 t 
   1 x
c c
tc 6.25 109  3 108
   1    0.75    1.75
x 2.5
Q49. An ideal blackbody at temperature T , emits radiation of energy density u . The
T u
corresponding value for a material at temperature is .
2 256
Its emissivity is______________(Round off to three decimal places).

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Ans. : 0.063
Solution: We know u   T 4 , where   emissivity
For black body   1 .
u   T 4 (1)
4
T 
4
u u T u
For other material           T 4 ………(2)
256 2 256 16 16
From (1) and (2)
1
  0.0625  0.063 (Rounded to three decimal places)
16
Q50. A particle with positive charge 103 C and mass 0.2 kg is thrown upwards from the

ground at an angle 450 with the horizontal with a speed of 5 m / s . The projectile moves
through a horizontal electric field of 10V / m , which is in the same direction as the
horizontal component of the initial velocity of the particle. The acceleration due to
gravity is 10 m / s 2 . The range is ___________ m . (Round off to three decimal places).
Ans. : 2.51
1 2u
Solution:  y  u y t  gt 2 , Time of flight T  y
2 g
1 qE 2 1 qE 2
 x  uxt  t , Range R  u xT  T
2 m 2 m
2
2u y1  qE   2u y 
R  ux    
g 2  m  g 

5 5 qE 103  10 1
where u x  , uy  , g  10,  
2 2 m 0.2 20
2
5 25 1 1  1  25  25 1
R        2.5  0.0125  2.512
2 2 10 2  20   2  10  10 80

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Q51 – Q60 Carry Two Marks Each.
Q51. Consider a hemispherical glass lens (refractive index is 1.5 ) having radius of curvature
R  12 cm for the curved surface. An incoming ray, parallel to the optical axis, is incident
on the curved surface at a height h  1cm above the optical axis, as shown in the figure.
The distance d (from the flat surface of the lens) at which the ray crosses the optical axis
is ___________ cm (Round off to two decimal places).

d
R

Ans.: 16
Solution: For the curved surface
2 1 2  1 
 
v u R
1.5 1.0 1.5  1.0 d
 
v  12
R
 v  36cm
For the plane surface
1.0 1.5 1.0  1.5
 
d 24 
 d  16cm d I2 I1

36cm

24cm

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1
Q52. Twenty non-interacting spin particles are trapped in a three-dimensional simple
2
harmonic oscillator potential of frequency  . The ground state energy of the system, in
units of  , is _________.
Ans. : 60
3 5 7
Solution: E   2 gi Ei   2 1     3  2      2  6      3  15  42    60
i 2 2 2
Q53. A thin film of alcohol is spread over a surface. When light from a tunable source is
incident normally, the intensity of reflected light at the detector is maximum for
  640 nm and minimum for   512 nm . Taking the refractive index of alcohol to be
1.36 for both the given wavelengths, the minimum thickness of the film would be
__________ nm (Round off to two decimal places).
Ans. : 470.58
Solution:
air  a  1

alcohol  al  1.36 

surface   L 

Condition of maxima
2 L t  n1 (1)    640nm 
Condition of minima
2  L t   2m  1 2 (2)  2  512nm 
n 2 512 4 2n 2   2
     nm2
 1 1 640 5 2m  1 2  2   1
m 
 2
From equation (i)

2  1.36  t  2  640nm   t 
 2  640  nm  t  470.58nm
2  1.36

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Q54. For the Boolean expression Y  ABC  ABC  ABC  ABC , the number of combinations
for which the output Y  1 is __________.
Ans. : 4
Solution: Y  ABC  ABC  ABC  ABC D  A B
A B C Y  DC
 Y   AB  AB  C   AB  AB  C 0 0 0 0 1

 Y  DC  DC where D  AB  AB 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 0
Y  DC
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0 0

Q55. An RC circuit is connected to two dc power supplies, as shown in the figure. With
switch S open, the capacitor is fully charged. S is then closed at time t  0 . The voltage
across the capacitor at t  2.4 milliseconds is __________ V (Round off to one decimal
place). 20 V
 

4k 
10  F

6k 

 
10V

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Ans. : 18.824
Solution: Initially capacitor will be charged upto 20 V with polarity shown in figure.
20 V
When Switch S is closed, then at t  2.4 milliseconds  
 
3
2.410

vC  V 1  e   30 1  e

 t / RC 6103 10103
 4k 

 
10  F
 
 vC  30 1  e 0.04
  30 1  0.9607   1.176 Volts
So net voltage across capacitor is S

  20  1.176  Volts  18.824 Volts

6k 

 
10V
Q56. A current I is uniformly distributed across a long straight nonmagnetic wire (  r  1 ) of

a
circular cross-section with radius a . Two points P and Q are at distances and 9a ,
3
respectively, from the axis of the wire. The ratio of the magnetic fields at points P and
Q is __________.
Ans. : 3
0 Ir  I  a / 3
Solution: Magnetic field inside the wire is B   BP  0
2 a 2
2 a 2
0 I 0 I
Magnetic field outside the wire is B   BQ 
2 r 2  9a 

BP 0 I  a / 3 2  9a 
Thus   3
BQ 2 a 2 0 I

Q57. A particle A of mass m is moving with a velocity viˆ , and collides elastically with a
particle B , of mass 2m , B is initially at rest. After collision, A moves with a velocity
v A ˆj . If vB is the final speed of B , then v A2  kvB2 . The value of k is __________.

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 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
Ans. : 1
Solution: From conservation of momentum in x -direction
Before After Collision
mv  2mvB cos  ………(1)
Collision A m
From conservation of momentum in y -direction v A ˆj

0  mv A  2mvB cos   mv A  2mvB sin  ……..(2)

A 2m
Squaring and adding both equation vB cos 
m v B 
v 2  v A2  4vB2 ……. (3)
2m
From conservation of kinetic energy
vB
1 2 1 2 1 vB sin 
mv  mv A  2mvB2  v 2  v A2  2vB2 ……. (4)
2 2 2
Solving simultaneously equation (3) and (4)
v A2  vB2  k  1
0
Q58. In an X - ray diffraction experiment with Cu crystals having lattice parameter 3.61A ,

X - rays of wavelength of 0.090 nm are incident on the family of planes 1 1 0 . The

highest order present in the diffraction pattern is ___________.

Ans. : 5
2a
Solution: Bragg’s law is; 2d sin    n  sin    n
h  k2  l2
2

2a 2  3.61 1010
For the highest order sin    1 ; n    5.67
 h2  k 2  l 2 0.9  1010  2

The maximum order is n  5

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 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
Q59. A parallel plate capacitor having plate area of 50 cm 2 and separation of 0.1mm is
completely filled with a dielectric (dielectric constant K  10 ). The capacitor is
connected to a 10 k resistance and an alternating voltage v  10sin 100  t  , as shown

in the figure. The switch S is initially open and then closed at t  0 . The ratio of the
2
displacement current in the capacitor, to the current in the resistance, at time t 

seconds is ____________ (Round off to three decimal places).

10 k  S

v  10 sin 100 t 
Ans. : 0.038

E v   10sin 100  t  

Solution: Displacement current density J d     0 r    10 0  
t t  d  t  0.1 103 

J d  106  0 100   cos 100  t 

Displacement current I d  J d  A  106  0 100   cos 100  t    50  104 m 2  Amp

2
At time t 

I d  5 105  0 cos  200  Amp  I d  5  105  3.14  8.86 1012  0.939 Amp

 I d  130.76 107 Amp

Current through resistor R is
v 10sin 100  t  10sin  200 
IR  Amp  Amp  Amp  3.42  104 Amp
R 10 10 3
10  10 3

I d 130.76  107 Amp

Thus   0.038
IR 3.42 104 Amp

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 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
 
Q60. The wavelength of characteristic K X - ray photons from Mo (atomic number 42 ) is
0
_____________ A (Round off to one decimal place).
(Speed of light is 3 108 m / s ; Rydberg constant R  1.09 107 / m )
Ans. : 0.73

1 3R
Solution:   Z  b
k 4

4 4
k    0.73 1010 m
3R  Z  b  3  1.09  10   42  1
2 7 2

 k  0.73 A0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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