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TERM ok E
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III
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C ontents

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MATHEMATICS

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Units Name Page No.

1 Number System 171 - 194

2
3 Algebra
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Percentage and simple interest 195 - 219

220 - 237

4 Geometry 238 - 258

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5 Statistics 259 - 273

6 Information Processing 274 - 279

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Sura’s Model Summative Question paper Term III 280 - 282

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1
Chapter

Number System

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Representing a Decimal Number
To round a decimal
First underline the digit that is to be rounded. Then look at the digit to the right of the

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underlined digit.
If that digit is less than 5, then the underlined digit remains the same.
If that digit is greater than or equal to 5, add 1 to the underlined digit.

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After rounding of leave all the digits after the underlined digit.

TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 1)

1
1. Represent the fraction in decimal form.
o
4
1 1 ´ 25 25
Sol. = = = 0.25
ab

4 4 ´ 25 100
2. What is the place value of 5 in 63.257.
Sol. Place value of 5 in 63.257 is 5 hundredths (Hundreth place)
3. Identify the digit in the tenth place of 75.036.
ur

Sol. 0
4. Express the decimal number 3.75 as a fraction.
375 15
Sol. 3.75 = =
100 4
.s

1
5. Write the decimal number for the fraction 5 .
5
1 26 26 ´ 2 52
Sol. 5 = = = = 5.2
5 5 5´2 10
w

6. Identify the biggest number : 0.567 and 0.576.

Sol. Comparing the digits of 0.567 and 0.576 from left to right, we have the tenths place same
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comparing the hundredths place 7 > 6.

⇒ 0.576 > 0.567
7. Compare 3.30 and 3.03 and identify the smaller number.
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Sol. The whole number is equal in both the numbers.

Now comparing the tenths place we have 3 > 0
⇒ 3.03 < 3.30 Smaller number is 3.03

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8. Put the appropriate sign (<, >, =). 2.57 2.570

Sol. 2.57 = 2.570
9. Arrange the following decimal numbers in ascending order.
5.14, 5.41, 1.54, 1.45, 4.15, 4.51.
Sol. Comparing the numbers from left to right. Ascending order : 1.45, 1.54. 4.15, 4.51, 5.14, 5.41

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Unit 1

Exercise 1.1
1. Round each of the following decimals to the nearest whole number.

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(i) 8.71 (ii) 26.01 (iii) 69.48 (iv) 103.72
(v) 49.84 (vi) 101.35 (vii) 39.814 (viii) 1.23
Sol. (i) 8.71
Underlining the digit to be rounded 8.71. Since the digit next to the underlined digit,
7 which is greater than 5, adding 1 to the underlined digit. Hence the nearest whole

s.
number 8.71 rounds to is 9.
(ii) 26.01
Underlining the digit to be rounded 26.01. Since the digit next to the underlined digit, 0

ok
which is less than 5, the underlined digit 6 remains the same.
∴ The nearest whole number 26.01 rounds to is 26.
(iii) 69.48
Underlining the digit to be rounded 69.48. Since the digit next to the underlined digit, 4
which is less than 5, the underlined digit 9 remains the same.
o
∴ The whole number is 69.48 rounds to is 69.
(iv) 103.72
ab

Underlining the digit to be rounded 103.72 since the digit next to the underlined digit, 7
which is greater than 5, we add 1 to the under lined digit.
Hence the nearest whole number 103.72 rounds to is 104.
(v) 49.84
Underlining the digit to be rounded 49.84. Since the digit next to the underlined digit 8
ur

which is greater than 5, we add 1 to the underlined digit.

Hence the nearest whole number 49.84 rounds to 50.
(vi) 101.35
Underlining the digit to be rounded 101.35. Since the digit next to the underlined digit 3
.s

is less than 5, the underlined digit 1 remains the same.

Hence the nearest whole number 101.35 rounds to is 101.
(vii) 39.814
w

Underlining the digit to be rounded 39.814. Since the digit next to the underlined digit 8
is greater than 5, we add 1 to the underlined digit.
Hence the nearest whole number 39.814 rounds to is 40.
(viii) 1.23
w

Underlining the digit to be rounded 1.23. Since the digit next to the underlined digit 2,
is less than 5, the underlined digit 1 remains the same.
Hence the nearest whole number 1.23 rounds to is 1.
w

2. Round each decimal number to the given place value.

(i) 5.992; tenths place (ii) 21.805; hundredth place
(iii) 35.0014; thousandth place
Sol. (i) 992; tenths place
Underlining the digit to be rounded 5.992. Since the digit next to the underlined digit is 9
greater than 5, we add 1 to the underlined digit. H
ence the rounded number is 6.0.

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(ii) 21.805; hundredth place

Underlining the digit to be rounded 21.805 since the digit next to the underlined digit is
5, we add 1 to the underlined digit. H ence the rounded number is 21.81.
(iii) 35.0014; thousandth place
Underlining the digit to be rounded 35.0014. Since the digit next to the underlined digit is

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4 less than 5 the underlined digit remains the same. Hence the rounded number is 35.001.

Number System
3. Round the following decimal numbers upto 1 places of decimal.
(i) 123.37 (ii) 19.99 (iii) 910.546

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Sol. (i) 123.37
Rounding 123.37 upto one places of decimal means round to the nearest tenths place.
Underling the digit in the tenths place of 123.37 gives 123.37. Since the digit next to
the tenth place value is 7 which is greater than 5, we add 1 to the underlined digit to get
123.4. Hence the rounded value of 123.37 upto one places of decimal is 123.4.

s.
(ii) 19.99
Rounding 19.99 upto one places of decimal means round to the nearest tenth place.
Underling the digit in the tenths place of 19.99 gives 19.99. Since the digit next to the

(iii) 910.546 ok
tenth place value is 9 which is greater than 5, we add 1 to the underlined digit to get 20.
Hence the rounded value of 19.99 upto one places of decimal is 20.0.

Rounding 910.546 upto one places of decimal means round to the nearest tenths place
o
underlining the digit in the tenths place of 910.546 gives 910.546. Since the digit next
to the tenth place value is 4, which is less than 5 the underlined digit remains the same.
Hence the rounded value of 910.546 upto one places of decimal is 910.5.
ab

4. Round the following decimal numbers upto 2 places of decimal.

(i) 87.755 (ii) 301.513 (iii) 79.997
Sol. (i) 87.755
ur

Rounding 87.755 upto 2 places of decimal means round to the nearest hundredths place.
Underlining the digit in the hundredth place of 87.755 gives 87.755. Since the digit next
to the hundredth place value is 5, we add 1 to the underlined digit.
Hence the rounded value of 87.755 upto two places of decimal is 87.76.
.s

(ii) 301.513
Rounding 301.51 upto 2 places of decimal means round to the nearest hundredths place.
Underlining the digit in the hundredth place of 301.513 gives 301.513. Since the digit
w

next to the underlined digit 3 is less than 5, the underlined digit remains the same.
∴ The rounded value of 301.513 upto 2 places of decimal is 301.51.
(iii) 79.997
w

Rounding 79.997 upto 2 places of decimal means round to the nearest hundredths place.
Underlining the digit in the hundredth place of 79.997 gives 79.997. Since the digit next
to the underlined digit 7 is greater than 5, we add 1 to the underlined number.
Hence the rounded value of 79.997 upto 2 places of decimal is 80.00.
w

5. Round the following decimal numbers upto 3 place of decimal

(a) 24.4003 (b) 1251.2345 (c) 61.00203
Sol. (a) 24.4003
Rounding 24.4003 upto 3 places of decimal means rounding to the nearest thousandths
place. Underlining the digit in the thousandths place of 24.4003 gives 24.4003. In
24.4003 the digit next to the thousandths value is 3 which is less than 5.
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 ∴ The underlined digit remains the same. So the rounded value of 24.4003 upto 3 places
of decimal is 24.400.
(b) 1251.2345
Rounding 1251.2345 upto 3 places of decimal means rounding to the nearest thousandths
place. Underlining the digit in the thousandths place of 1251.2345 gives 1251.2345, the

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digit next to the thousandths place value is 5 and so we add 1 to the underlined digit. So
Unit 1

the rounded value of 1251.2345 upto 3 places of decimal is 1251.235.

(c) 61.00203
Rounding 61.00203 upto 3 places of decimal means rounding to the nearest thousandths

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place. Underlining the digit in the thousandth place of 61.00203 gives 61.00203. In
61.00203, the digit next to the thousandths place value is 0, which is less than 5.
Hence the underlined digit remains the same. So the rounded value of 61.00203 upto 3
places of decimal is 61.002.

s.
Additional Questions

ok
1. Match the following:
1. 39.814 ≈ 39.8 (i) Rounded to hundredth place
2. 35.0014 ≈ 35.001 (ii) Rounded to ten thousandth place
3. 21.805  21.81 (iii) Rounded to nearest whole number
o
4. 8.71 ≈ 9 (iv) Rounded to thousandth place
5. 61.00208 ≈ 61.00221 (v) Rounded to tenth place
ab

 [Ans : 1-(v); 2-(iv); 3-(i); 4-(iii); 5-(ii)]

2. Round 89.357 to the nearest whole number.
Sol. Underlining the digit to be rounded 89.357. Since the digit next to the underlined digit 3 which
is less than 5, the underlined digit remains the same.
ur

∴ The nearest whole number 89.357 rounds to 89.

3. Round 110.929 to the nearest tenths place.
Sol. Underlining the digit to be rounded 110.929. Since the digit next to the underlined digit is 2
.s

which is less than 5.

∴ The underlined digit 9 remains the same. Hence the rounded number is 110.9
4. Round 87.777 upto 2 places of decimal.
w

Sol. Rounding 87.777 upto 2 places of decimal means round to the nearest hundredths place.
Underlining the digit in the hundredth place of 87.777 gives 87.777. Since the digit after
the hundredth place value is 7 which is more than 5, we add 1 to the underlined digit. So the
w

rounded value of 87.777 upto 2 places of decimal is 87.78

Operations on Decimal Numbers

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Adding zeros at the right end of decimal digits will not change the value of the number.
Zeros are added at the right end of decimal digits of a decimal number that are to be added or
subtracted.

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TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 6)

i. Find the following using grid models:

(i) 0.83 + 0.04 (ii) 0.35 – 0.09
Sol. (i) 0.83 + 0.04

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83 4
0.83 = and 0.04 =

Number System
100 100
Shading the regions

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0.83 and 0.04
The sum is the total shaded region.
S = 0.83 + 0.04 = 0.87

(ii) 0.35 – 0.09

s.
35 9
0.35 =
and 0.09 =
100 100
Shading the regions 0.35 by shading 35 boxes out of 100.

ok
Striking off 9 boxes out of 35 shaded boxes to subtract 0.09
from 0.35.
The left over shaded boxes represent the required value.
∴ 0.35 – 0.09 = 0.26
o
TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 7)
ab

Using the area models solve the following

(i) 1.2+3.5 (ii) 3.5 − 2.3

Sol. (i)
ur

1.2

3.5 4.7
.s

Here 1.2 is represented in blue colour and 3.5 is represented in Green colour. Sum of 1.2 and
3.5 is 4.7.
(ii) 3.5 − 2.3
w

Representing 3.5 using 3 squares and 5 rectangular strips. Crossing out 2 squares from
w

3 squares and 3 rectangular strips from 5 to get the difference. So 3.5 – 2.3 = 1.2.

TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 9)

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Complete the magic square in such a way that rows, columns and diagonals give the same
sum 1.5. Sol.
0.8 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.6
0.5 0.3 0.5 0.7
0.4 0.4 0.9 0.2

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Exercise 1.2
1. Add by using grid 0.51+0.25.
51 25
Sol. Here 0.51 = and 0.25 = .
100 100

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Unit 1

First we shade the region 0.51 and then 0.25.

The sum is the total shaded area. 0.51 + 0.25 = 0.76
2. Add the following by using place value grid.

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(i) 25.8 + 18.53 (ii) 17.4 + 23.435
Sol. (i) 25.8 + 18.53.
Using place value grid.
Decimal No Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths

s.
25.8 2 5 8 0
18.53 1 8 5 3
44.33 4 4 3 3
Therefore 25.8 + 18.53 = 44.33
(ii) 17.4 + 23.435
Lets use the place value grid.
Decimal No
o
Tens Ones
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Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
17.4 1 7 4 0 0
ab

23.435 2 3 4 3 5
40.835 4 0 8 3 5
Therefore 17.4 + 23.435 = 40.835
3. Find the value of 0.46 − 0.13 by grid model.
ur

46 13
Sol. Here 0.46 = and 0.13 =
100 100
Shading the region 0.46 and then crossing out 0.13 from the shaded
area. The left out shaded region without cross marks is the difference.
.s

So 0.46 – 0.13 = 0.33

4. Subtract the following by using place value grid. (i) 6.567 from 9.231 (ii) 3.235 from 7
w

Sol. (i) Let as use place value grid

Decimal No Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
9.231 9 2 3 1
w

6.567 6 5 6 7
2.664 2 6 6 4
Therefore 9.231 – 6.567 = 2.664
w

(ii) Let as use place value grid.

Decimal No Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
7.000 7 0 0 0
3.235 3 2 3 5
3.765 3 7 6 5
Therefore 7 – 3.235 = 3.765

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5. Simplify: 23.5−27.89 + 35.4 − 17.

Sol. 23.5– 27.89 + 35.4 – 17 = 14.01
23.50
(+) 35.40
58.90

m
(–) 27.89

Number System
31.01
(–) 17.00

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14.01
6. Sulaiman bought 3.350 kg of Potato, 2.250 kg of Tomato and some onions. If the weight
of the total items are 10.250 kg, then find the weight of onions?
Sol. Weight of Potato = 3.350 kg

s.
Weight of Tomato = 2.250 kg
Total weight of Potato and Tomato = (3.350 + 2.250 kg)
= 5.600 kg

ok
Weight of potato, tomato and onions = 10.250
Weight of potato and tomato = 5.600
∴ Weight of onions = (10.250 – 5.600) kg = 4.650 kg
Weight of onions = 4.650 kg
o
7. What should be subtracted from 7.1 to get 0.713? 7.100
Sol. To get the number to be subtracted  (–) 0.713
ab

We have 7.1 – 0.713 = 6.387 6.387

∴ The number to be subtracted = 6.387
8. How much is 35.6 km less than 53.7 km? 53.7
Sol. To get the answer we must subtract 53.7km – 35.6 km = 18.1 km (–) 35.6
18.1
ur

So 35.6 km is 18.1 km less than 53.7 km.

9. Akilan purchased a geometry box for ` 25.75, a pencil for ` 3.75 and a pen for
` 17.90. He gave ` 50 to the shopkeeper. What amount did he get back?
Sol. Cost of geometry box = ` 25.75 (+)
.s

Cost of Pencil box = ` 3.75

Cost of a pen = ` 17.90
Amount to be paid = ` 47.40
w

Amount paid = ` 50.00 (–)

Amount to be paid = ` 47.40
Amount to get back = ` 2.60
w

∴ Amount to get back = ` 2.60

10. Find the perimeter of an equilateral triangle with a side measuring 3.8 cm.
w

Sol. Perimeter of an equilateral triangle = (Side + Side + Side) Sq. units. 3.8
Given side = 3.8 (+) 3.8
∴ Perimeter = 3.8 + 3.8 + 3.8
(+) 3.8
Perimeter of the triangle = 11.4 cm
11.4

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Objective Type Questions

Hint :
11. 1.0 + 0.83 =? 1.0
(i) 0.17 (ii) 0.71 (+) 0.83
1.83
(iii) 1.83 (iv) 1.38

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Unit 1

 [Ans : (iii) 1.83]

Hint :
12. 7.0 – 2.83 = ?

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6 9 10
(i) 3.47 (ii) 4.17 7.00
(iii) 7.34 (iv) 4.73 (–) 2.83
 4.17

 [Ans : (ii) 4.17]

s.
Hint :
13. Subtract 1.35 from 3.51 4 11

(i) 6.21 (ii) 4.86 3.51

(–) 1.35

ok
(iii) 8.64 (iv) 2.16 2.16

 [Ans : (iv) 2.16]

14. Sum of two decimals is 4.78 and one decimal is 3.21 then the other one is Hint :
(i) 1.57 (ii) 1.75  4.78
o
(–) 3.21
(iii) 1.59 (iv) 1.58 1.57
ab

 [Ans : (i) 1.57]

15. The difference of two decimals is 86.58 and one of the decimal is 42.31 Hint :
Find the other one 86.58
(i) 128.89 (ii) 128.69 (+) 42.31
ur

(iii) 128.36 (iv) 128.39 128.89

 [Ans : (i) 128.89]
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
.s

1. If Sheela bought 2.083 kg of grapes and 3.752 kg of orange. What is the total weight of
fruits.
2.083
w

Sol. Weight of grapes = 2.083 kg

Weight of orange = 2.752 kg (+) 2.752
Total weight = (2.083 + 2.752) kg = 4.835 kg 4.835
w

2. Kathir bought 8.72 kg of sugar, 7.302 kg of grains. His carry bag can contain only 15kg
of weight. What is the remaining weight of items bought?
Sol. Weight of sugar = 8.72 kg (+)
w

Weight of grains = 7.302 kg

Total weight = 16.022 kg (–)
Capacity of carry bag = 15.000 kg
Remaining weight = 1.002 kg
Remaining weight = 1.002 kg

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3. Use place value grid to add 7.357 and 13.92.

Sol. Let as use place value grid.
Decimal No Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
7.357 0 7 3 5 7
13.92 1 3 9 2 0

m
21.277 2 1 2 7 7

Number System
Multiplication of Decimal Numbers

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The number of decimal digits in the product of two decimal numbers is equal to the sum of
decimal digits of decimal digits that are multiplied.
When a decimal number is multiplied by 10, 100 or 1000, the digits in the product are same as
in the decimal number but the decimal point in the product is shifted to the right by as many

s.
places as there are zeros followed by 1.

(Text book Page No. 13)

ok
How are the products 2.1 × 3.2 and 21 × 32 alike? How are they different.
Sol. 2.1 × 3.2 = 6.72 and 21 × 32 = 672.
In both the cases the digits ambers are the same. But the place value differs.

TRY THESE
o
(Text book Page No. 13)

(1) Shade the grid to multiply 0.3 × 0.6. 

ab

Yellow
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 Red
13 14 15 16 17 18
Orange
ur
.s

3 rows of Yellow represent 0.3, 6 columns of Red colour represent 0.6 Double shaded 18
squares of orange colour represent.
w

∴ 0.30 × 0.6 = 0.18

(2) Use the area model to multiply
1.2 × 2.5
w

Here each row contains 1

whole and 2 tenths. Each
w

column contains 2 wholes

and 5 tenths. The entire
area model represents 2
wholes 9 tenths and 10
hundredths ( = 1 tenths).
So 1.2 × 2.5 = 3.
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TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 14)

235 7.63 × 10 = 76.3 63.237 × 10 = 632.37

2.35 × 10 = × 10
100

m
235
Unit 1

= = 23.5
10
235 7.63 × 100 = 763 63.237 × 100 = 6323.7

co
2.35 × 100 = × 100
100
= 235 = 235.0
235 7.63 × 1000 = 7630 63.237 × 1000 = 63237
2.35 × 1000 = × 1000
100

s.
= 2350.0
6 6 6
0.6 × 10 = × 10 0.6 × 100 = × 100 0.6 × 1000 = × 1000

ok
10 10 10
=6 = 60 = 600

TRY THESE
o
(Text book Page No. 15)

Find: (i) 9.13×10 (ii) 9.13×100 (iii) 9.13×1000

ab

Sol. (i) 9.13×10 = 91.3 (ii) 9.13×100 = 913

(iii) 9.13×1000 = 9130

TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 16)

ur

116 1 116
11.6 × 0.1 ´ 1.16
10 10 100
.s

116 1 116
11.6 × 0.01 ´ 0.116
10 100 1000
116 1 116
11.6 × 0.001 ´ 0.0116
w

10 1000 10000

Exercise 1.3
w

1. Find the product of the following

(i) 0.5 × 3 (ii) 3.75 × 6 (iii) 50.2 × 4
(iv) 0.03 × 9 (v) 453.03 × 7 (vi) 4 × 0.7
w

Sol. (i) 0.5 × 3

5 × 3 = 15
∴ 0.5 × 3 = 1.5 3.75  2 decimal places
×6
(ii) 3.75 × 6 22.50 2 decimal places
375 × 6 = 2250
3.75 × 6 = 22.50
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(iii) 50.2 × 4
502 × 4 = 2008 50.2  1 decimal place
×4
50.2 × 4 = 200.8
200.8  1 decimal place
(vi) 0.03 × 9
3 × 9 = 27

m
0.03 × 9 = 0.27

Number System
(v) 453.03 × 7 453.03  2 decimal places
45303 × 7 = 317121 ×7
3171.21  2 decimal places

co
453.03 × 7 = 3171.21
(vi) 4 × 0.7
4 × 7 = 28
4 × 0.7 = 2.8
2.

s.
Find the area of the parallelogram whose base is 6.8 cm and height is 3.5 cm.
Sol. Base of the parallelogram b = 6.8 cm 6.8  1 decimal place
× 3.5 1 decimal place
Height of the parallelogram h = 3.5 cm 340

ok
Area of the parallelogram A = b × h sq.units = 6.8 × 3.5 cm2 2040
Area of the parallelogram = 23.80 cm2 23.80  2 decimal places

3. Find the area of the rectangle whose length is 23.7 cm and breadth is 15.2 cm.
Sol. Length of the rectangle l = 23.7 cm
o
23.7  1 decimal place
Breadth of the rectangle b = 15.2 cm × 15.2 1 decimal place
474
Area of the rectangle A = l × b sq.units
ab

2
11850
= 23.7 × 15.2 cm 12700
Area of the rectangle = 360.24 cm2 360.24  2 decimal places

4. Multiply the following

(i) 2.57 × 10 (ii) 0.51 × 10 (iii) 125.367 × 100 (iv) 34.51 × 100
ur

(v) 62.735 × 100 (vi) 0.7 × 10 (vii) 0.03 × 100 (viii) 0.4 × 1000
Sol. (i) 2.57×10 = 25.7
(ii) 0.51×10 = 5.1
.s

(iii) 125.367 ×100 = 12536.7

(iv) 34.51×100 = 3451
(v) 62.735 ×100 = 6273.5
w

(vi) 0.7 ×10 = 7.0

(vii) 0.03 ×100 = 3
(viii) 0.4 ×1000 = 400
w

5. A wheel of a baby cycle covers 49.7 cm in one rotation. Find the distance covered in 10
rotations.
Sol. Length covered in 1 rotation = 49.7 cm
w

Length covered in 10 rotations = 49.7 × 10 cm = 497 cm

6. A picture chart costs ` 1.50. Radha wants to buy 20 charts to make an album. How much
does she have to pay?
1.50
Sol. Cost of 1 chart = ` 1.50
× 20
Cost of 20 charts = ` 1.50 × 20 = ` 30.00
30.00
Cost of 20 charts = ` 30
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7. Find the product of the following.

(i) 3.6 × 0.3 (ii) 52.3 × 0.1 (iii) 537.4 × 0.2
(iv) 0.6 × 0.06 (v) 62.2 × 0.23 (vi) 1.02 × 0.05
(vii) 10.05 × 1.05 (viii) 101.01 × 0.01 (ix) 100.01 × 1.1
Sol. (i) 3.6 × 0.3 3.6  1 decimal place

m
36 × 3 = 108 ×0.3 1 decimal place
Unit 1

3.6 × 0.3 = 1.08 1.08 2 decimal places

(ii) 52.3 × 0.1
523 × 1 = 523

co
52.3 × 0.1 = 5.23
(iii) 537.4 × 0.2 537.4  1 decimal place
5374 × 2 = 10748 × 0.2 1 decimal place
537.4 × 0.2 = 107.48 107.48  2 decimal places

s.
(iv) 0.6 × 0.06
6 × 6 = 36
0.6 × 0.06 = 0.036

ok
(v) 62.2 × 0.23 62.2  1 decimal place
622 × 23 = 14306 × 0.23 2 decimal places
1866
62.2 × 0.23 = 14.306
12440
(vi) 1.02 × 0.05 14.306  3 decimal places
o
102 × 5 = 510
1.02 × 0.05 = 0.0510
ab

(vii) 10.05 × 1.05

10.05  2 decimal places
1005 × 105 = 105525 × 1.05 2 decimal places
10.05 × 1.05 = 10.5525 5025
(viii) 101.01 × 0.01 00000
100500
ur

10101 × 1 = 10101 10.5525  4 decimal places

101.01 × 0.01 = 1.0101
(ix) 100.01 × 1.1
10001 × 11 = 110011
.s

100.01 × 1.1 = 110.011

Objective Type Questions

w

8. 1.07 × 0.1 ________

(i) 1.070 (ii) 0.107 (iii) 10.70 (iv) 11.07 [Ans : (ii) 0.107]
w

Hint : 107 × 1 = 107

1.07 × 0.1 = 0.107
w

9. 2.08 × 10 = ________
(i) 20.8 (ii) 208.0 (iii) 0.208 (iv) 280.0 [Ans : (i) 20.8]
Hint : 208 × 10 = 2080
2.08 × 10 = 20.80 = 20.8

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10. A frog jumps 5.3 cm in one jump. The distance travelled by the frog in 10 jumps is
______.
(i) 0.53 cm (ii) 530 cm (iii) 53.0 cm (iv) 53.5 cm
 [Ans : (iii) 53.0 cm]
Hint : 53 × 10 = 530

m
5.3 × 10 = 53.0

Number System
Additional Questions

co
1. Cost of 1m cloth is ` 6.75. Find the cost of 14.75m correct to two places of decimal.
Sol. Cost of 1 m cloth = ` 6.75 14.75  2 decimal places
Cost of 14.75m cloth = 14.75 × 6.75 × 6.75 2 decimal places

s.
7375
= ` 99.5625
103250
= ` 99.56 885000
99.5625  4 decimal places
2.
Sol. Side of a square
Area of a square


o = 18.35 cm
ok
Length of a side of a square is 18.35 cm. Find its Area.

= (Side × Side) sq.units

= 18.35 × 18.35 cm2
= 336.7225 cm2
18.35  2 decimal places
× 18.35 2 decimal places
9175
55050
1835000
336.7225  4 decimal places
ab

Division of Decimal Numbers

When a decimal number is divided by 10, 100 and 1000, the digits of the number (Dividend)
and the obtained decimal number after division are the same, but the decimal point in the
ur

obtained decimal number after division is shifted to the left by as many places as there are
zeros followed by 1.
.s

Division of Integers
w

TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 19)

36.7 ÷ 10 = 3.67 436.7 ÷ 10 = 43.67 2.3 ÷ 10 = 0.23 27.17 ÷ 10 = 2.717

w

436.7 ÷ 100 2.3 ÷ 100

36.7 ÷ 100 = 0.367 = 4.367 = 0.023 27.17 ÷ 10 = 2.717
w

436.7 ÷ 1000 2.3 ÷ 1000 27.17 ÷ 1000

36.7 ÷ 1000 = 0.0367 = 0.4367 = 0.0023 = 0.02717

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TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 19)

Divide the following (i) 17.237 ÷ 10 (ii) 17.237 ÷ 100 (iii) 17.237 ÷1000
17237 1 17237
Sol. (i) 17.237 ÷ 10 = × = = 1.7237
1000 10 10000

m
Unit 1

17237 1 17237
(ii) 17.237 ÷ 100 = × = = 0.17237
1000 100 100000
17237 1 17237

co
(iii) 17.237 ÷1000 = × = = 0.017237
1000 1000 1000000

TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 21)

Find the value of the following:

s.
(i) 46.2 ÷ 3 = ? (ii) 71.6 ÷ 4 = ? (iii) 23.24 ÷ 2 = ? 154

(iv) 127.35 ÷ 9 = ? (v) 47.201 ÷ 7 = ?

)
3 462
3

ok
462 1 16
Sol. (i) ´ 46.2 ÷ 3 =
10 3 15
1 462 1 12
= ´ = × 154
10 3 10 12
o
154 0
= = 15.4
10
ab

716 1
(ii) ´  71.6 ÷ 4 =
10 4 179

=
1
×
716 )
4 716
10 4 4
ur

1 31
= × 179
10 28
= 17.9 36
.s

2324 1 36
(iii) 23.24 ÷ 2 = ´ 0
100 2
2324 1 1
w

= × = 1162 ×
2 100 100
1162 1415
=
100
)
9 12735
w

9
= 11.62 37
36
12735 1
(iv) ´  127.35 ÷ 9 = 13
w

100 9 9
12735 1 1 45
= ´ = 1415 ×
9 100 100 45
1415 0
= = 14.15
100

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47201 1 6743
(v) ´  47.201 ÷ 7 = )
7 47201
1000 7 42

47201 1 37
= × 49
7 1000 30
1 6743

m
28
= 6743 × = = 6.743
1000 1000 21

Number System
21
0

co
TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 22)

9.25 8.6 44.1 9.6

Divide the following (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
0.25 4.3 0.21 1.2
æ 925 ö

s.
çè ÷
9.25 100 ø 925 100 925
Sol. (i) = = ´ = = 37
0.25 æ 25 ö 100 25 25
çè ÷
100 ø

(ii)
o 8.6
4.3
=
æ 86 ö
çè ÷ø
æ 43 ö
çè ÷ø
æ 441ö
10

10
ok =
86 10
´
10 43
=
86
43
=2

çè ÷
44.1 10 ø 441 100
(iii) = = ´ = 21 × 10 = 210
ab

0.21 æ 21 ö 10 21
çè ÷
100 ø
æ 96 ö
9.6 çè ÷ø 96 10
10
(iv) = = ´ =8
1.2 æ 12 ö 10 12
ur

çè ÷ø
10

(Text book Page No. 22)

.s

The price of a tablet strip containing 30 tablets is 22.63 Then how will you find the
price of each tablet?
2263
Sol. Price of 30 tablets = ` 22.63 = `
w

100
æ 2263 ö æ 2263 ö
çè ÷ çè ÷
100 ø 100 ø
∴ Price of 1 tablet = =
w

30 æ 30 ö
çè ÷ø
2263 1 1
= ´
100 30
w

2263 1 2263 1
= ´ = ´
30 100 3 1000
1 754.33
= 754.33 × = = 0.75433
1000 1000
Price of each tablet is ` 0.7543

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Exercise 1.4
1. Simplify the following.
(i) 0.6 ÷ 3 (ii) 0.90 ÷ 5 (iii) 4.08 ÷ 4 (iv) 21.56 ÷ 7
(v) 0.564 ÷ 6 (vi) 41.36 ÷ 4 (vii) 298.2 ÷ 3

m
Unit 1

6 1 6 1 1 2
Sol. (i) 0.6 ÷ 3 = ´ = ´ =2× = = 0.2
10 3 3 10 10 10

co
90 1 90 1 1 18
(ii) 0.90 ÷ 5 = ´ = ´ = 18 × = = 0.18
100 5 5 100 100 100
408 1 408 1 1 102
(iii) 4.08 ÷ 4 = ´ = ´ = 102 × = = 1.02
100 4 4 100 100 100

s.
2156 1 2156 1 1 308
(iv) 21.56 ÷ 7 = ´ = ´ = 308 × = = 3.08
100 7 7 100 100 100

ok
564 1 564 1 94
(v) 0.564 ÷ 6 = ´ = ´ = = 0.094
1000 6 6 1000 1000
4136 1 4136 1 1034
(vi) 41.36 ÷ 4 = ´ = ´ = = 10.34
100 4 4 100 100
o
2982 1 2982 1 994
(vii) 298.2 ÷ 3 = ´ = ´ = = 99.4
10 3 3 10 10
ab

2. Simplify the following.

(i) 5.7 ÷ 10 (ii) 93.7 ÷ 10 (iii) 0.9 ÷ 10 (iv) 301.301 ÷ 10
(v) 0.83 ÷ 10 (vi) 0.062 ÷ 10
57 1 57
ur

Sol. (i) 5.7 ÷ 10 = × = = 0.57

10 10 100
937 1 937
(ii) 93.7 ÷ 10 = × = = 9.37
10 10 100
.s

9 1 9
(iii) 0.9 ÷ 10 = × = = 0.09
10 10 100
301301 1 301301
w

(iv) 301.301 ÷ 10 = × = = 30.1301

1000 10 10000
83 1 83
(v) 0.83 ÷ 10 = × = = 0.083
100 10 1000
w

62 1 62
(vi) 0.062 ÷ 10 = × = = 0.0062
1000 10 10000
w

3. Simplify the following.

(i) 0.7 ÷ 100 (ii) 3.8 ÷ 100 (iii) 49.3 ÷ 100 (iv) 463.85 ÷ 100
(v) 0.3 ÷ 100 (vi) 27.4 ÷ 100
7 1 7
Sol. (i) 0.7 ÷ 100 = × = = 0.007
10 100 1000

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38 1 38
(ii) 3.8 ÷ 100 = × = = 0.038
10 100 1000
493 1 493
(iii) 49.3 ÷ 100 = × = = 0.493
10 100 1000
46385 1 46385

m
(iv) 463.85 ÷ 100 = × = = 4.6385
100 100 10000

Number System
3 1 3
(v) 0.3 ÷ 100 = × = = 0.003
10 100 1000

co
274 1 274
(vi) 27.4 ÷ 100 = × = = 0.274
10 100 1000

4. Simplify the following.

(i) 18.9 ÷ 1000 (ii) 0.87 ÷ 1000 (iii) 49.3 ÷ 1000 (iv) 0.3 ÷ 1000

s.
(v) 382.4 ÷ 1000 (vi) 93.8 ÷ 1000
189 1 189
Sol. (i) 18.9 ÷ 1000 = × = = 0.0189

ok
10 1000 10000
87 1 87
(ii) 0.87 ÷ 1000 = × = = 0.00087
100 1000 100000
493 1 493
(iii) 49.3 ÷ 100 = × = = 0.493
o
10 100 1000
3 1 3
(iv) 0.3 ÷ 1000 = × = = 0.0003
10 1000 10000
ab

3824 1 3824
(v) 382.4 ÷ 1000 = × = = 0.3824
10 1000 10000
938 1 938
(vi) 93.8 ÷ 1000 = × = = 0.0938
ur

10 1000 10000

5. Simplify the following.

(i) 19.2 ÷ 2.4 (ii) 4.95 ÷ 0.5 (iii) 19.11 ÷ 1.3 (iv) 0.399 ÷ 2.1
.s

(v) 5.4 ÷ 0.6 (vi) 2.197 ÷1.3

æ 192 ö
çè ÷
10 ø 192 10 192
Sol. (i) 19.2 ÷ 2.4 = = ´ = =8
w

æ 24 ö 10 24 24
çè ÷ø
10
æ 495 ö
çè ÷
w

100 ø 495 10 495 10 1 99

(ii) 4.95 ÷ 0.5 = = ´ = × = 99 × = = 9.9
æ 5ö 100 5 5 100 10 10
çè ÷ø
10
w

æ ´ 11ö19
çè ÷
100 ø 1911 10
(iii) 19.11 ÷ 1.3 = = ´
æ ö13 100 13
çè ÷ø
10
1911 10 1 147
= × = 147 × = = 14.7
13 100 10 10

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æ 399 ö
çè ÷
1000 ø 399 10
(iv) 0.399 ÷ 2.1 = = ´ 
21 1000 21
19

399 10
10
)
21 399

m
= ´ 21
Unit 1

21 1000
1 19 189
= 19 × = = 0.19 189
100 100

co
æ 54 ö 0
çè ÷ø 54 10
10
(v) 5.4 ÷ 0.6 = = ´
æ 6ö 10 6
çè ÷ø
10

s.
54
= = 9
6
æ 2197 ö
çè ÷

ok
169
1000 ø 2197 10 )
13 2197
(vi) 2.197 ÷1.3 = = ´ 
æ 13 ö 1000 13 13
çè ÷ø
10 89
1 78
= 169 ×
100 117
o
169 117
= = 1.69
100 0
ab

6. Divide 9.55 kg of sweet among 5 children. How much will each child get?
Sol. Weight of the sweet = 9.55 kg
955
Weight of sweet for 5 children = kg
100
ur

æ 955 ö
çè ÷
100 ø 955 1 955
´
1
Weight of sweet for 1 child = = × =
5 100 5 5 100
191
.s

= = 1.91
100
Each child will get 1.91 kg sweet.
7. A vehicle covers a distance of 76.8 km for 1.2 litre of petrol. How much distance will it
w

cover for one litre of petrol?

768
Sol. For 1.2 litre of petrol the distance covered= 76.8 km = km
10
æ 768 ö
w

çè ÷
10 ø
∴ For 1 litre of petrol distance covered = km
1.2
æ 768 ö
w

çè ÷
10 ø 768 10
´
= =
æ 12 ö 10 12
çè ÷ø
10
768 10
= ´ = 64 km
12 10
For 1 litre of petrol distance covered = 64 km.
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8. Cost of levelling a land at the rate of ` 15.50 sq. ft is ` 10,075. Find the area of the land.
Sol. Cost of levelling the entire land = ` 10, 075
Cost of levelling 1 sq. ft = ` 15.50
Cost of levelling entire land
∴ Area of the land = 
Cost of levelling 1 sq. ft.

m
650
20150
10075 100 10075 ´ 100 1007500

Number System
= × = = 100750
15.50 100 15.50 ´ 100 1550
155 31
100750 1

co
= = 650
155
∴ Area of the land = 650 sq.ft.
9. The cost of 28 books are ` 1506.4. Find the cost of one book.
Sol. Cost of 28 books = ` 1506.4

s.
15064 538
3766
1506.4 15064 1 15064
Cost of 1 book = = 10 = ´
28 28 10 28 28 7

ok
1
1
15064 1 1 538
= ´ = 538 × = = ` 53.80
28 10 10 10
Cost of 1 book = ` 53.80
o
10. The product of two numbers is 40.376. One number is 14.42. Find the other number.
28
Sol. Product of two numbers = 40.376
ab

2884
One number = 14.42 20188
40376 40376
40.376 1442
Another number = = 1000 721
14.42 1442 103
ur

100 1
40376 100 40376 100
= ´ = ´
1000 1442 1442 1000
1 28
.s

= 28 × = = 2.8
10 10
Other number = 2.8

Objective Type Questions

w

11. 5.6 ÷ 0.5 = ?

(i) 11.4 (ii) 10.4 (iii) 0.14 (iv) 11.2
w


5.6 56 [Ans: (iv) 11.2]
Hint : = 11.2
0.5 5
)
5 56
w

= 11.2 5
06
5
10
10
0

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12. 2.01 ÷ 0.03 = ?

(i) 6.7 (ii) 67.0 (iii) 0.67 (iv) 0.067
 [Ans: (ii) 67.0]
2.01 201
Hint : = 67
0.03 3
)
3 201

m
= 67
Unit 1

18
21

co
21
13. 0.05 ÷ 0.5 = ? 0
(i) 0.01 (ii) 0.1 (iii) 0.10 (iv) 1.0 [Ans: (ii) 0.1]
5

s.
0.05 5 10 1
Hint : = 100 = ´ = = 0.1
0.5 5 100 5 10
10

1.
Additional Questions
ok
A wire of length 363.987m is cut into 30 pieces. What is the length of each piece?
Sol. Length of the wire = 363.987m
o
363987
i.e Total length of 30 pieces = m
1000
ab

æ 363987 ö
çè ÷
1000 ø 363987 ´ 1 363987 1
∴ Length of 1 piece = = = ×
30 1000 30 30 1000
1
ur

= 12132.9 ×
1000
Length of 1 piece of wire = 12.1329m
2. A cake of 50kg needs 23.4 kg sugar. Find the weight of cake made by 1 kg of sugar.
.s

Sol. Weight of cake made using 23.4 kg sugar = 50 kg

50
Weight of cake made using 1 kg sugar =
23.4
w

50 10 500
= ´ = = 2.1367 kg
23.4 10 234
¾ 2.14 kg
w

Weight of cake made using 1 kg sugar = 2.14 kg.

3. A pack of 20 pencils cost ` 94.4. What is the cost of each pencil?
w

Sol. Cost of 20 pencils = `94.4

944
94.4 10 = 944 ´ 1 = 944 ´ 1
Cost of 1 pencil = =
20 20 10 20 20 10
1
47.2
= = 4.72
10
∴ Cost of 1 pencil = ` 4.72
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Exercise 1.5
Miscellaneous Practice problems

1. Malini bought three ribbon of lengths 13.92 m, 11.5 m and 10.64 m. Find the total length

m
of the ribbons?

Number System
Sol. Length of ribbon 1 = 13.92 m 13.92
Length of ribbon 2 = 11.50 m + 11.50

co
Length of ribbon 3 = 10.64 m 10.64
Total Length of the ribbons = 13.92 m + 11.5 m + 10.64 m = 36.06 m 36.06
Total length of the ribbons = 36.06m
2. Chitra has bought 10 kg 35 g of ghee for preparing sweets. She used 8 kg 59 g of ghee.

s.
How much ghee will be left?
Sol. Total weight of ghee bought =
10 kg 35 g
Weight of ghee used = 8 kg 59 g 10.35
– 8.59

ok
Weight of ghee left = 10.35 kg – 8.59 kg = 1.76 kg
1.76
∴ Weight of ghee left = 1 kg 76 g = 1.76 kg
3. If the capacity of a milk can is 2.53 l, then how much milk is required to fill 8 such cans?
Sol. Capacity of 1 milk can = 2.53 l 2.53
o
∴ Capacity of 8 milk cans = 2.53 l × 8 = 20.24 l × 8
To fill 8 cans 20.24 l of milk is required. 20.24
ab

4. A basket of orange weighs 22.5 kg. If each family requires 2.5 kg of orange, how many
families can share?
Sol. Total weight of orange = 22.5 kg
Weight of orange required for 1 family = 2.5 kg
ur

∴ Number of families sharing orange = 22.5 kg ÷ 2.5 kg

22.5 22.5 10 225
= = ´ = =9
∴ 9 families can share the oranges. 2.5 2.5 10 25
5.
.s

A baker uses 3.924 kg of sugar to bake 10 cakes of equal size. How much sugar is used in
each cake?
Sol. For 10 cakes sugar required = 3.924 kg
3.924
w

For 1 cake sugar required = 3.924 ÷ 10 = = 0.3924 kg

10
For 1 cake sugar required = 0.3924 kg.
6. Evaluate: (i) 26.13 × 4.6 (ii) 3.628 + 31.73 − 2.1 × 26.13 2 decimal places
w

4.6 1 decimal place

Sol. (i) 26.13 × 4.6 15678
26.13 × 4.6 = 120.198 10452
120.198  3 decimal places
w

(ii) 3.628 + 31.73 − 2.1 = 33.258 + 3.628

31.73
– 35.358
2.1
33.258

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7. Murugan bought some bags of vegetables. Each bag weighs 20.55 kg. If the total weight
of all the bags is 308.25 kg, how many bags did he buy?
Sol. Total weight of all bags = 308.25 kg
Weight of 1 bag = 20.55 kg 2055
6165
Total weight 30825
∴ Number of bags =

m
Weight of 1 bag
Unit 1

2055
411
æ 30825 ö 137
308 × 25 çè ÷
100 ø
= 20 × 55 = æ 2055 ö 

co
15
çè ÷
100 ø
)
137 2055
137
30825 100
= ´ 685
100 2055
685

s.
2055
30825 2055 0
= = = 15
2055 137 137
∴ He bought 15 bags.
8.

o 23.761 m
∴ In 100 rounds distance = 23.761 × 100
= 2376.1 m
ok
A man walks around a circular park of distance 23.761 m. How much distance will he
cover in 100 rounds?
Sol. I n 1 round distance covered =

∴ In 100 round he covers 2376.1 m.

9. How much 0.0543 is greater than 0.002?
ab

Sol. Greater number = 0.0543 (–)

Smaller number = 0.0020
= 0.0523
∴ Required answer is 0.0523
ur

10. A printer can print 15 pages per minute. How many pages can it print in 4.6 minutes?
Sol. I n 1 minute the pages printed = 15 4.6  1 decimal place
In 4.6 minutes the pages printed = 15 × 4.6 15
230
.s

= 69 460
The printer prints 69 pages. 69.0  1 decimal place
w

Challenge Problems

11. The distance travelled by Prabhu from home to Yoga centre is 102 m and from Yoga
w

centre to school is 165 m. What is the total distance travelled by him in kilometres (in
decimal form)?
Sol. Distance from home to yoga centre = 102 m (+)
w

Distance from yoga centre to school = 165 m

Total distance = 267 m
1000 meters = 1 km
267
∴ 267 metres = km = 0.267 km
1000
∴ Total distance travelled = 0.267 km

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12. Anbu and Mala travelled from A to C in two different routes. Anbu travelled from place
A to place B and from there to place C. A is 8.3 km from B and B is 15.6 km from C. Mala
travelled from place A to place D and from there to place C. D is 7.5 km from A and C is
16.9 km from D. Who travelled more and by how much distance?
Sol. Distance travelled by Anbu:

m
From place A to place B = 8.3 km

Number System
Distance from place B to place C = 15.6 km
∴ Total distance travelled by Anbu = 8.3 + 15.6
= 23.9 km

co
Distance travlled by Mala:
Distance travelled place A to D = 7.5 km
Distance from place D to place C = 16.9 km
Total distance travelled by mala = (7.5 + 16.9) km = 24.4 km

s.
24.4 > 23.9
∴ Mala travelled more distance. She travelled (24.4 – 23.9) km more i.e she travelled 0.5 km
more.

Sol.

ok
13. Ramesh paid ` 97.75 per hour for a taxi and he used 35 hours in a week. How much he
has to pay totally as taxi fare for a week?
Payment for the taxi for an hour
Total hours the taxi was used
o
∴ Total payment for the taxi for the week
= ` 97.75
= 35 hrs. 97.75  2 decimal places
35
48875
= 97.75 × 35 293250
ab

= 3421.25 3421.25 2 decimal places

Total payment for a week = ` 3421.25
14. An Aeroplane travelled 2781.20 kms in 6 hours. Find the average speed of the aeroplane
in Km/hr.
ur

Sol. In 6 hours the distance travelled = 2781.20 km

2781.20
In 1 hour the distance travelled = km
6
( )
.s

278120
100 278120 1
= = ´
( )
6
1
100 6
278120 1 1
w

= ´ = 46353 ×
6 100 100
= 463.53 km
w

Average speed of the aroplane = 463.53 km/hr.

15. Kumar’s car gives 12.6 km mileage per litre. If his fuel tank holds 25.8 litres then how far
can he travel? 12.6  1 decimal place
w

Sol. Distance travelled with 1 litre fuel = 12.6 km × 25.8 1 decimal place
∴ with 25.8 litres distance travelled = 12.6 × 25.8 1008
= 325.08 km 6300
25200
The car can travel 325.08 km 325.08  2 decimal places


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Unit Test
Time: 1 hr  Max Marks : 25
I. Fill in the blanks.  5×1=5
1. 67.4 rounds to the nearest whole number is _______.

m
Unit 1

2. 87.006 rounds to the nearest hundredths place is ________.

3. 80.0097 rounds to the nearest thousands place is ________.
4. 9.23 round to 1 place of decimal is _______.

co
5. 8.764 + 9.32 = _____.

II. Answer the following questions. 5 × 2 = 10

6. What should subtracted from 7.439 to get 2.97?

s.
7. Cost of 5 kg apple is ` 498.976. Cost of 5 kg orange is ` 270.730. Find the total amount to be
paid?
8. A wheel covers 50.3 cm in one rotation. Find the distance covered on 10 rotations.

ok
9. Find the area of a square if one side is 4.93 cm.
10. If the area of a room is 110.32 sq.ft. If it is covered by 20 tiles perfectly what is the area of 1
tile?

III. Answer the following questions. 2 × 5 = 10

o
11. Simplify: 18.234 + 16.7 – 9.39.
12. Simplify: 18.23 × 6.2 ÷ 3.2.
ab

Answers
I. 1. 67 2. 87.01
ur

3. 80.010 4. 9.2
5. 18.084
II. 6. 4.469 7. ` 769.706
.s

8. 503 cm 9. 24.3049 cm2

10. 5.516 sq.ft.
III. 11. 25.544 12. 35.520625
w


w
w

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Percentage And
2
Chapter

Simple Interest

m
Converting Fractions Into percentage

co
 Percent is derived from the Latin word ‘Per centum’ meaning ‘per hundred’
 Percent is denoted by the symbol ‘%’
 Percentage is a fraction with denominator hundred.

s.
 To convert a fraction as percentage multiply the numerator and denominator of the
fraction by 100.
 To convert a percentage as fraction write it as fraction with denominator 100.

TRY THESE  ok (Text book Page No. 28)

Find the percentage of children whose scores fall in different categories given in
o
table below.
Colour Number of Students Fraction Percentage
ab

25
Below 60 25 25%
100
23
60 – 80 23 23%
ur

100
42
81 – 90 42 42%
100
.s

9
91 – 99 9 9%
100
1
w

Centum 1 1%
100
100
Total 100 100%
w

100

TRY THESE  (Text book Page No. 29)

w

There are 50 students in class VII of a school. The number of students involved in these activities
are :
Scout : 7 Red Ribbon Club : 6 Junior Red Cross : 9
Green Force : 3 Sports : 14 Cultural activity : 11
Find the percentage of students who involved in various activities.

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Sol. S. No. Activity Students Involved Fraction Percentage

7 7´2 14
1. Scout 7 = ⇒ 14%
50 50 ´ 2 100
6 6´2 12
2. Red Ribbon Club 6 = ⇒ 12%

m
50 50 ´ 2 100
Unit 2

9 9´2 18
3. Junior Red Cross 9 = ⇒ 18%
50 50 ´ 2 100

co
3 3´ 2 6
4. Green Force 3 = ⇒ 6%
50 50 ´ 2 100
14 14 ´ 2 28
5. Sports 14 = ⇒ 28%

s.
50 50 ´ 2 100
11 11 ´ 2 22
6. Cultural Activity 11 = ⇒ 22%
50 50 ´ 2 100

Total

TRY THESE 
o 50
ok 100
100
100%

(Text book Page No. 30)

1. Convert the fractions as percentage.

ab

1 13 45
(i) (ii) (iii)
20 25 50
18 27 72
(iv) (v) (vi)
5 10 90
ur

1 1 100 1
Sol. (i) = ´ = × 100% = 5%
20 20 100 20
13 13 100 13
(ii) = ´ = × 100% = 52%
25 25 100 25
.s

45 45 100 45
(iii) = ´ = × 100% = 90%
50 50 100 50
18 18 100 18
w

(iv) = ´ = × 100% = 360%

5 5 100 5
27 27 100 27
(v) = ´ = × 100% = 270%
10 10 100 10
w

72 72 100 72
(vi) = ´ = × 100% = 80%
90 90 100 90
w

2. Convert the following percentage as fractions.

(i) 50% (ii) 75% (iii) 250%
1 7
(iv) 30 % (v) % (vi) 90%
5 20
50 5 1
Sol. (i) 50% = = =
100 10 2
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75 3
(ii) 75% = =
100 4
250 25 5
(iii) 250% = = =
100 10 2

m
1 æ 151 ö

Percentage And Simple Interest

30 ç ÷
1 è 5 ø = 151
(iv) 30 % = 5 =
5 100 100 500

co
7
7 7 7
(v) % = 20 = =
20 100 20 ´ 100 2000
90 9
(vi) 90% = =

s.
100 10

 (Text book Page No. 32)

1.

2.
100 ok
What is the difference between 0.01 and 1%.
Sol. 0.01 =
1
= 1% 0.01 and 1% are the same.
o
In a readymade shop there will be a board showing upto 50% off. Most of the people will
realize that everything is half of its original price, Is that true?
Sol. No. Only some of them are half of its original price.
ab

Exercise 2.1
1. In each of the following grid, find the numbers of coloured squares and express it as a
fraction, decimal and percentage.
ur

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

.s
w

Sol. (i) Number of coloured square = 58

Total number of squares = 100
58
∴ Fraction :
w

100
Decimal : 0.58
Percentage : 58%
w

(ii) Number of coloured square = 53

Total number of squares = 100
53
∴ Fraction :
100
Decimal : 0.53
Percentage : 53%

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(iii) Number of coloured square = 25

Total number of squares = 50
25
∴ Fraction :
50
25 2 50
Decimal : ´ = = 0.50

m
50 2 100
Unit 2

25 100 25
Percentage : ´ = × 100% = 50%
50 100 50

co
(iv) Number of coloured square = 17
Total number of squares = 25
17
∴ Fraction :
25
17 4 68

s.
Decimal : ´ = = 0.68
25 4 100
17 100 17
Percentage : ´ = × 100% = 68%
25 100 25
(v) Number of coloured square = 15


Total number of squares = 30
∴ Fraction :
o 15
30
15 1 50 50
ok
Decimal : = ´ = = 0.50
30 2 50 100
ab

15 15 100 15
Percentage : = ´ = × 100% = 50%
30 30 100 30

2. A picture of chess board is given. (i) Find the percentage of the white coloured squares.
(ii) Find the percentage of gray coloured squares.(iii) Find the percentage of the squares
ur

that have the pieces and (iv) The squares that do not have the pieces.
Sol. (i) Total number of squares in the chess board = 64
Number of white coloured squares = 32
32 100
.s

Percentage = ´
64 100
32
= × 100% = 50%
w

64
(ii) Grey coloured squares = 64
32 100 32
Percentage = ´ = × 100% = 50%
w

64 100 64
(iii) Number of squares having pieces = 20
Total number of squares = 64
w

5
10
20 100 20 25
125% 1
Percentage = ´ = ´ 100 % = = 31 %
64 100 64 4 4
32
16
4

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(iv) Number of squares do not have pieces = 44

11
25 3
Percentage = 44 ´ 100 = 44 = 100 % = 275% = 68 %
64 100 64 4 4
16
4

m
3. A picture of dart board is given. Find the percentage of white coloured portion and black

Percentage And Simple Interest

coloured portion.
Sol. Total sector = 20
White coloured sector = 10

co
Black coloured sector = 10
10 100
Percentage of white : ´
20 100
10
Decimal : × 100% = 50%

s.
20
10 100
Percentage of black colour : ´
20 100

ok
10
Decimal : × 100% = 50%
20
4. Write each of the following fraction as percentage.
36 81 42 1 3
o
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 2 (v) 1
50 30 56 4 5
36 36 100 36
ab

Sol. (i) = ´ = × 100% = 72%

50 50 100 50
81 81 100 81
(ii) = ´ = × 100% = 270%
30 30 100 30
42 42 100 42 21
ur

(iii) = ´ = × 100% = × 100% = 75%

56 56 100 56 28
1 9 9 100 9
(iv) 2 = = × = × 100% = 225%
4 4 4 100 4
.s

3 8 8 100 8
(v) 1 = = ´ = × 100% = 160%
5 5 5 100 5
5.
w

Anbu scored 436 marks out of 500 in his exams. What was the percentage he scored? 
Sol. Total marks = 500; Anbu's Score = 436
436 100 436
Percentage = ´ = × 100% = 87.2%
w

500 100 500

Anbu's Score = 87.2%
6. Write each of the following percentage as fraction.
w

(i) 21% (ii) 93.1% (iii) 151% (iv) 65% (v) 0.64%
21
Sol. (i) 21% =
100
93.1 93.1 ´ 10 931
(ii) 93.1% = = =
100 100 ´ 10 1000

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151
(iii) 151% =
100
65 13
(iv) 65% = =
100 20

m
0.64 0.64 ´ 100 64 4
(v) 0.64% = = = =
Unit 2

100 100 ´ 100 10000 625

7. Iniyan bought 5 dozen eggs. Out of that 5 dozen eggs, 10 eggs are rotten. Express the

co
number of good eggs as percentage.
Sol. 1 dozen eggs = 12
5 dozen = 5 × 12
Total eggs = 60 eggs
Rotten eggs = 10

s.
Good eggs = 60 – 10 = 50
50
Fraction of good eggs =

ok
60
50 100 50 5
Percentage of good eggs = ´ = × 100% = ×100% = 83.33%
60 100 60 6
Percentage of good eggs = 83.33%
8.
o
In an election, Candidate X secured 48% of votes. What fraction will represent his votes?

48
Sol. Percentage of votes × secured = 48% =
ab

100
12
Fraction of votes × secured =
25
9. Ranjith total income was ` 7,500. He saved 25% of his total income. Find the amount
ur

saved by him.
Sol. Total income of Ranjith = `7500
25 25
His savings = 25% of 7500 = of 7500 = × 7500 = `1,875
100 100
.s

∴ Amount saved by Ranjith = `1,875

Objective Type Questions

w

10. Thendral saved one fourth of her salary. Her savings percentage is
3 1
(i) (ii) % (iii) 25% (iv) 1%
w

4 4
1 100 1
Hint : ´ = ´ 100% = 25%  [Ans : (iii) 25%]
4 100 4
w

11. Kavin scored 15 out of 25 in a test. The percentage of his marks is

(i) 60% (ii) 15% (iii) 25% (iv) 15/25
15 100 15
Hint : ´ = ´ 100% = 60%  [Ans : (i) 60%]
25 100 25

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12. 0.07% is
7 7 7 7
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
10 100 1000 10, 000
7
0.07 100 7 7 7
Hint : 0.07%
0.071== = = =  [Ans : (iv) ]

m
100 100 100 ´ 100 10, 000 10, 000

Percentage And Simple Interest

Additional Questions

co
1. 72% of 25 students are good at science. How many are not good at science?
Sol. Number of students who are good at science
72
= 72% of 25 = × 25 = 18 students
100

s.
∴ Number of students who are not good at science
= 25 – 18 = 7 students
2. A flower garden has 1000 plants. 5% of the plants are roses and 1% are daisy

ok
plants. What is the total number of other plants.
Sol. Total plants = 1000
5
Number of rose plants = 5% of 1000 = × 1000 = 50
100
o
1
Number of Daisy plants = 1% of 1000 = ×1000 = 10
100
ab

Total of rose and daisy = 50 + 10 = 60

Number of other plants = 1000 – 60 = 940

3. Find 135% of 80 `.
135
ur

Sol. 135% of 80 = × 80 = `108

100
Converting Decimals to percentage
TRY THESE 
.s

(Text book Page No. 33)

1. Convert these decimals to percentage.

(i) 0.25 (ii) 0.07 (iii) 0.8 (iv) 0.375 (v) 3.75
w

25 7
Sol. (i) 0.25 = = 25% (ii) 0.7 = = 7%
100 100
w

80 375 375 1 37.5

(iii) 0.8 = = 80% (iv) 0.375 = = ´ = = 37.5%
100 1000 10 100 100
375
(v) 3.75 = = 375%
w

100

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TRY THESE  (Text book Page No. 34)

1. Write these percentage as decimals

(i) 3% (ii) 25% (iii) 80% (iv) 67% (v) 17.5%

m
(vi) 135% (vii) 0.5%
Unit 2

3
Sol. (i) 3% = = 0.03
100

co
25
(ii) 25% = = 0.25
100
80
(iii) 80% = = 0.8
100

s.
67
(iv) 67% = = 0.67
100
17.5

ok
(v) 17.5% = = 0.175
100
135
(vi) 135% = = 1.35
100
0.5
o
(vii) 0.5% = = 0.005
100
ab

Exercise 2.2

1. Write each of the following percentage as decimal.

(i) 21% (ii) 93.1% (iii) 151% (iv) 65% (v) 0.64%.
ur

21
Sol. (i) 21% = = 0.21
100
93.1
.s

(ii) 93.1% = = 0.931

100
151
(iii) 151% = = 1.51
w

100
65
(iv) 65% = = 0.65
100
w

0.64
(v) 0.64% = = 0.0064
100
w

2. Convert each of the following decimal as percentage

(i) 0.282 (ii) 1.51 (iii) 1.09 (iv) 0.71 (v) 0.858
282
Sol. (i) 0.282 = 0.282 × 100% = ×100% = 28.2%
1000
151
(ii) 1.51 = ×100% = 151%
100
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109
(iii) 1.09 = × 100% = 109%
100
71
(iv) 0.71 = × 100% = 71%
100

m
858
(v) 0.858 = × 100% = 85.8%

Percentage And Simple Interest

1000
3. In an examination a student scored 75% of marks. Represent the given the percentage

co
in decimal form?
75
Sol. Student's Score = 75% = = 0.75
100
4. In a village 70.5% people are literate. Express it as a decimal.
70.5
Sol. Percentage of literate people = 70.5% = = 0.705

s.
100
5. Scoring rate of a batsman is 86%. Write his strike rate as decimal.
86
Scoring rate of the batsman = 86% =

ok
Sol. = 0.86
100
6. The height of a flag pole in school is 6.75m. Write it as percentage.
675
Sol. Height of flag pole = 6.75m = = 6.75%
100
o
7. The weights of two chemical substances are 20.34 g and 18.78 g. Write the difference in
percentage?
ab

Sol. Weight of substance 1 = 20.34g

2034
Percentage of substance 1 = = 2034%
100
Weight of substance 2 = 18.78g
ur

1878
Percentage of substance 2 = = 1878%
100
Their difference = 2034 – 1878 = 156%
.s

8. Find the percentage of shaded region in the following figure.

Sol. Total region = 4 parts
Shaded region = 1 part
w

1
Fraction of shaded region =
4
w

1 100 1
Percentage of shaded region = ´
= × 100% = 25%
4 100 4

Objective Type Questions

w

9. Decimal value of 142.5% is

(i) 1.425 (ii) 0.1425 (iii) 142.5 (iv) 14.25
1425 1425 1
Hint : 142.5% = %= ´ = 1.425  [Ans : (i) 1.425]
10 10 100

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10. The percentage of 0.005 is

(i) 0.005% (ii) 5% (iii) 0.5% (iv) 0.05%
5 5 100
Hint : 0.005 = = ´ = 0.5%  [Ans : (ii) 0.5%]
1000 1000 100

m
11. The percentage of 4.7 is
Unit 2

(i) 0.47% (ii) 4.7% (iii) 47% (iv) 470%

47 47 100

co
Hint : 4.7 = = ´ = 470%  [Ans : (iv) 470%]
10 10 100

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

s.
1. Neka bought 72.3m of cloth from a role of 100m. Express the cloth bought in terms of
percentage.
Sol. Total length of the cloth = 100 m

2.
Length of cloth bought = 72.3 m

Percentage of cloth bought =

72.3 100
100 100
Convert (i) 88% (ii) 1.86% into decimals.
o ok
´= 72.3%

88
Sol. (i) 88% = = 0.88
100
ab

1.86
(ii) 1.86% = = 0.0186
100
3. Convert (i) 3.35 (ii) 0.5 into percentage.
ur

335
Sol. (i) 3.35 = × 100% = 335%
100
5
(ii) 0.5 = × 100% = 50%
10
.s

Percentage in Real Life

w

Amount of change
1. Percentage of Increase or decrease = × 100
Original amount
Profit
2. Profit percent = × 100
w

Cost Price
3. Cost Price = Selling Price + Loss
 The world's population is growing by 1.10% per year.
w

 50.4% of the word's population is male and 49.6% is female.

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TRY THESE  (Text book Page No. 38)

Level of water in a tank is increased from 35 litres to 50 litres in 2 minutes, what

is the percentage of increase?  42.855
Sol. Level of water in the tank originally = 35 litres. 7 ) 300

m
28

Percentage And Simple Interest

Increase in the water level = amount of change = 50 – 35 = 15 litres
Amount of change
20
Percentage of Increase = × 100 14
Original amount

co
3
60
15 300
56
=
35
× 100 = = 42.86% 40
7
7 35

s.
Exercise 2.3
1. 14 out of the 70 magazines at the bookstore are comedy magazines. What percentage of

ok
the magazines at the bookstore are comedy magazines?
Sol. Total number of magazines in the bookstore = 100 m
Number of comedy magazines = 14
14
Percentage of commedy magzines = × 100% = 20%
o
70
20% of the magazines are comedy magazines.
2. A tank can hold 50 litres of water. At present, it is only 30% full. How many litres of
ab

water will fill the tank, so that it is 50% full?

Sol. Capacity of the tank = 50 litres
30
Amount of water filled = 30% of 50 litres = × 50 = 15 litres
100
ur

Amount of water to be filled = 50 – 15 = 35 litres

3. Karun bought a pair of shoes at a sale of 25%. If the amount he paid was ` 1000, then
find the marked price.
Sol. L
et the marked price of the raincoat be ` P
.s

Amount he paid at a discount of 25% = ` 1000

(Marked Price) – (25% of P) = 1000
w

æ 25 ö
P– ç ´ P ÷ = 1000
è 100 ø
1
P – × P = 1000
w

4
1
P (1 – ) = 1000
4
3
w

P = 1000
4
4 4000
P = 1000 × =
3 3
P = 1333.33
∴ Marked price of the shoes = `1333

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4. An agent of an insurance company gets a commission of 5% on the basic premium he

collects. What will be the commission earned by him if he collects ` 4800?
Sol. Premium collected = ` 4800
Commission earned = 5% of basic premium
5
Commission earned for ` 4800 = 5% of 4800 = × 4800 = ` 240

m
100
Unit 2

∴ Commission earned = ` 240

5. A biology class examined some flowers in a local Grass land. Out of the 40 flowers they
saw, 30 were perennials. What percentage of the flowers were perennials?

co
Sol. Number of flowers examined = 40
Number of perennials = 30
30
Percentage = × 100% = 75%
40

s.
75% of the flowers were perennials.
6. Ismail ordered a collection of beads. He received 50 beads in all. Out of that 15 beads

ok
were brown. Find the percentage of brown beads?
Sol. Number of beads received = 50
Number of brown beads = 5
15
Percentage of brown beads = × 100% = 10%
50
o
10% of the beads was brown
7. Ramu scored 20 out of 25 marks in English, 30 out of 40 marks in Science and 68 out of
ab

80 marks in mathematics. In which subject his percentage of marks is best?

Sol. Ramu's score in English = 20 out of 25
20
Percentage scored in English = × 100% = 80%
25
ur

Ramu's Score in Science = 30 out of 40

30
Percentage scored in Science = × 100% = 75%
40
Ramu's score in Mathematics = 68 out of 80
.s

68
Percentage scored in Maths = × 100% = 85%
80
w

85% > 80% > 75%. ∴In Mathematics his percentage of marks is the best.
8. Peter requires 50% to pass. If he gets 280 marks and falls short by 20 marks, what would
have been the maximum marks of the exam?
w

Sol. Peters score = 280 marks

Marks needed for a pass = 20
∴Total marks required to get a pass = 280 + 20 = 300
w

i.e. 50% of total marks = 300

50
× Total marks = 300
100
1
× Total Marks = 300
2
Total Marks = 300 × 2 = 600
Total marks of the exam = 600
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9. Kayal scored 225 marks out of 500 in revision test 1 and 265 out of 500 marks in revision
test 2. Find the percentage of increase in her score.
Sol. Marks scored in revision I = 225
Marks scored in revision II = 265
Change in marks = 265 – 225 = 40

m
Change in marks 40

Percentage And Simple Interest

Percentage of increase = × 100 = ×100 = 8%
Original marks 500
Percentage of increase in marks = 8%

co
10. Roja earned ` 18,000 per month. She utilized her salary in the ratio 2:1:3 for education,
savings and other expenses respectively. Express her usage of income in percentage.
Sol. Amount of Salary = ` 18,000
(i) Total number of parts of salary = 2 + 1 + 3 = 6

s.
2 1 3
Salary is divided into 3 portions as , and
6 6 6
2
Portion of salary used for education =
6

ok
2
Salary used for education = × 18,000 = ` 6,000
6
6000
Percentage for Education = × 100 = 33.33%
18000
o
1
(ii) Usage of salary for savings = × 18,000 = ` 3,000
6
ab

3000
Percentage for savings = × 100 = 16.67%
18000
3
(iii) Usage of salary for other expenses = × 18,000 = ` 9,000
6
ur

9000
Percentage for other expenses = × 100 = 50%
18000
Additional Questions
1. If Gayathri had ` 600 left after spending 75% of her money, how much did she have in
.s

the beginning?
Sol. S uppose Gayathri had ` X in the beginning.
75 3X
w

Then money spend = 75% of X = X=

100 4
3X 4X - 3X X
Money left with her = X – = =
4 4 4
w

X
But it is given that money left = ` 600 i.e. = 600
4
X = 600 × 4 = 2400 ∴ Gayathri had ` 2,400
w

2. Mohan gets 98 marks in her exams. This amounts to 56% of the total marks, What are
the maximum marks?
Sol. Let the maximum marks be X. 56% of X = 98
56 100
× (X) = 98 ⇒ X = 98 ×
100 56
X = 175
∴ Maximum marks = 175
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Simple Interest
  rincipal is the money borrowed or lent.
P
 Interest is the additional money given by the borrower to use the principal for a certain
period of time.

m
 Rate of interest is the percentage of the principal paid every year.
Unit 2

 Time is the period for which the money is borrowed or lent.

 Amount is the total money returned by the borrower to the lender after a certain period

co
of time. It is found by using Amount = Principal + Interest.
P ´ n´ r
  imple interest can be calculated by using
S , where P – Principal, r – Rate of
100
Interest, n – Time.

s.
TRY THESE  (Text book Page No. 41)

1. Arjun borrowed a sum of ` 5,000 from a bank at 5% per annum. Find the interest

Sol.


and amount to be paid at the end of three year.

ok
Here Principal (P) = `5,000
Rate of interest (r) = 5% per annum
o
Time (n) = 3 years
Pnr 5000 ´ 3 ´ 5
Simple Interest I = = = `750
100 100
ab

Amount to be paid A = P + I = `5,000 + `750 = `5,750

I = `750; A = `5,750
2. Shanti borrowed ` 6,000/- from a Bank for 7 years at 12% per annum. What
amount will clear off her debt?
ur

Sol. Here principal (P) = `6,000

Rate of Interest (r) = 12% per annum
Time (n) = 7 years
Pnr 6000 ´ 7 ´ 12
.s

Simple Interest (I) = =

100 100
I = `5,040
Amount to be paid A = P + I = 6,000 + 5,040 = `11, 040
w

 (Text book Page No. 43)

w

In simple interest, a sum of money doubles itself in 10 years. In how many years
it will get triple itself.
w

Sol. Let the Principal be P and Rate of interest be r% per annum.

Here the number of years n = 10 years
Given in 10 years P becomes 2 P.
A = P + I
After 2 years A = 2P
i.e. 2P = P + I

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2P – P = I
P = I
P ´n ´ r
P =
100
P ´ 10 ´ r
P =

m
100

Percentage And Simple Interest

P ´ 100
r =
P ´ 10

co
r = 10%
Now if the amount becomes triple then A = P + I = 3P
3P = P + I
3P – P = I

s.
2P = I
P ´ n ´ 10
2P =
100
2P ´ 100

ok
= n
P ´ 10
n = 20 years
∴ After 20 years the amount get tripled.

Exercise 2.4
o
1. Find the simple interest on `35,000 at 9% per annum for 2 years?
ab

Sol. Principal P = `35,000 350

Rate of interest r = 9% per annum
× 18
Time (n) = 2 years
Pnr 35000 ´ 2 ´ 9 2800
Simple Interest I = = = `6300
3500
ur

100 100
Simple interest I = `6300 6300
2. Aravind borrowed a sum of ` 8,000 from Akash at 7% per annum. Find the interest and
amount to be paid at the end of two years.
.s

Sol. Here Principal P = `8,000

Rate of interest r = 7% per annum
Time (n) = 2 years
w

Pnr 8000 ´ 2 ´ 7
Simple Interest (I) = =
100 100
I = `1120
w

Amount = P + I
I = `8000 + 1120 = 9120
Interest to be paid = `1,120
w

Amount to be paid = `9, 120

3. Sheela has paid simple interest on a certain sum for 4 years at 9.5% per annum is `
21,280. Find the sum.
Sol. Let the Principal be ` P
Rate of interest r = 9.5% per annum
Time (n) = 4 years

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Pnr
Simple Interest I =
100
Given I = `21,280
Pnr
∴ = `21,280
100

m
P ´ 4 ´ 9.5
Unit 2

= `21,280
100
P ´ 4 ´ 95
= `21,280

co
1000
21280 ´ 1000
P = = `56,000
4 ´ 95
∴ Sum of money Sheela bought = `56,000
4. Basha borrowed ` 8,500 from a bank at a particular rate of simple interest. After 3 years,

s.
he paid ` 11,050 to settle his debt. At what rate of interest he borrowed the money?
Sol. Let the rate of interest be r% per annum
Here Principal P = `8,500
Time n = 3 years




o ok
Total amount paid = `11,050
A = P + I = `11,050
i.e. 8,500 + I = `11,050
I = `11,050 – `8,500 = `2,550
Pnr
Also we know that I = = `2,550
100
ab

8, 500 ´ 3 ´ r
= `2,550
100
2550 ´ 100
r =
8500 ´ 3
r = 10%
ur

Rate of interest r = 10%

5. In What time will ` 16,500 amount to ` 22,935 at 13% per annum?
Sol. Rate of interest r = 13% per annum
.s

Here Amount A = `22,935

Principal P = `16,500
A = P + I
3
22935 = 16,500 + I
w

39
∴ Interest I = 22935 – 16,500 = `6,435
117
Pnr
Simple Interest I = 1287
100
w

6435 ´ 100
16500 ´ n ´ 13
6435 = 16600 ´ 13
100
1
6435 ´ 100 33
w

n =
16500 ´ 13 3
n = 3 years 1

Required time n = 3 years

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6. In what time will ` 17800 amount to ` 19936 at 6% per annum?

Sol. Let the require time be n years
Here Principal P = `17,800
Rate of interest r = 6% per annum
Amount A = `19,936

m
A = P + I

Percentage And Simple Interest

19936 = 17800 + I
19936 –17800 = I
2136 = I

co
Pnr
Simple Interest (I) =
100
17800 ´ n ´ 6
2136 =  2
100 356

s.
2136 ´ 100 2136
n =
17800 ´ 6 178 ´ 6
n = 2 years 1 1

ok
Required time = 2 years
7. A sum of ` 48,000 was lent out at simple interest and at the end of 2 years and
3 months the total amount was ` 55,560. Find the rate of interest per year.
Sol. Given Principal P = `48,000
o
Time n = 2 years 3 months
3 1
= 2 + years = 2 + years
ab

12 4
8 1 9
= + years = years
4 4 4
Amount A = `55,660
A = P + I
ur

55660 = 48000 + I
I = 55660 – 48000 = `7660
9
∴ Interest for years = `7660
.s

4 Pnr
Simple Interest =
100 9 r
7660 = 48000 × ´
w

4 100
7660 ´ 4 ´ 100
r = = 7.09% = 7%
9 ´ 48000
Rate of Interest = 7% per annum
w

8. A principal becomes `17,000 at the rate of 12% in 3 years. Find the principal.
Sol. Given the Principal becomes `17,000
Let the principle initially be P
w

Rate of Interest r = 12% per annum

Time n = 3 years
P × 3×12
According to the problem given I = 17000 – P =
36 100
17000 = P+P
100

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æ 36 ö
17000 = P ç + 1÷
è 100 ø
æ 136 ö
17000 = P ç ÷
è 100 ø
17000 ´ 100

m
P = = 12,500
136
Unit 2

∴ Principal P = `12,500

Objective Type Questions

co
9. The interest for a principle of ` 4,500 which gives an amount of ` 5,000 at end of certain
period is
(i) ` 500 (ii) ` 200 (iii) 20% (iv) 15%

s.
Hint : Interest = Amount – Principle = ` 5000 – ` 4500 = ` 500 [Ans: (i) `500]
10. Which among the following is the simple interest for the principle of ` 1,000 for one year
at the rate of 10% interest per annum?

11.
(i) ` 200
Hint : Interest =
(ii) ` 10
Pnr 1000 ´ 1 ´ 10
100
=
100
= `100
=` 100 ok
(iii) ` 100 (iv) ` 1,000
[Ans: (iii) `100]
Which among the following rate of interest yields an interest of ` 200 for the principle of
`2,000 for one year.
o
(i) 10% (ii) 20% (iii) 5% (iv) 15%
ab

I ´ 100 200 ´ 100

Hint : r = = = 10%  [Ans: (i) 10%]
P´n 2000 ´ 1

Additional Questions
ur

1. On what sum of money lent out at 9% per annum for 6 years does the simple interest
amount to `810?
Sol. Given Simple Interest I = `810
.s

Let the sum of money (Principal) be P

Rate of interest r = 9% per annum
Time n = 6 years
w

Pnr
I =
100
P × 6× 9
w

810 =
100
810 ´ 100
P =
6´9
w

P = `1500
Sum of money required = `1500

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2
2. Find the simple interest on `1120 for 2 years at the rate of 5% per annum.
5
Pnr
Sol. Simple Interest I =
100
Principal P = `1120

m
2 12

Percentage And Simple Interest

6 1
Time n = 2 years = years
5 5 112 0 ´ 2 ´ 5
Rate of Interest r = 5% 5 ´ 100

co
1 5
12 5 672
∴ I = 1120 × ´ = = `134.4
5 100 5
Simple interest = `134.4

Exercise 2.5

s.
Miscellaneous Practice problems

ok
1
1. When Mathi was buying her flat she had to put down a deposit of of the value of the
flat. What percentage was this? 10
1 1
Sol. Percentage of = ×100% = 10%
10 10
Mathi has to put down a deposit of 10% of the value of the flat.
o
2. Yazhini scored 15 out of 25 in a test. Express the marks scored by her in percentage.
15
ab

Sol. Yazhini's score = 15 out of 25 =

25
15
Score in percentage = ×100% = 60%
25
3. Out of total 120 teachers of a school 70 were male. Express the number of male teachers
ur

as percentage.
Sol. Total teachers of the school = 120
Number of male teachers = 70
70 700
.s

∴ Percentage of male teacher = ×100% = %

120 12
Score in percentage = 58.33%
Percentage of male teachers = 58.33%
w

4. A cricket team won 70 matches during a year and lost 28 matches and no results for two
matches. Find the percentage of matches they won.
Sol. Number of Matches won = 70
w

Number of Matches lost = 28

“No result” Matches = 2
Total Matches = 70 + 28 + 2 = 100
w

70
Percentage of Matches won = × 100% = 70%
100
The won 70% of the matches
5. There are 500 students in a rural school. If 370 of them can swim, what percentage of
them can swim and what percentage cannot?
Sol. Total number of students = 500

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Number of students who can swim = 370

370
Percentage of students who can swim = × 100% = 74%
500
Number of students who cannot swim = 500 – 370 = 130
130
Percentage of students who cannot swim = ×100% = 26%

m
500
i.e. 74% can swim and 26% cannot swim
Unit 2

6. The ratio of Saral’s income to her savings is 4 : 1. What is the percentage of money saved
by her?

co
Sol. Total parts of money = 4 + 1 = 5
Part of money saved = 1
1
∴ Percentage of money saved = ×100% = 20%
5
∴ 20% of money is saved by Saral

s.
7. A salesman is on a commission rate of 5%. How much commission does he make on sales
worth ` 1,500?
Sol. Total amount on sale = `1500

8.


∴ Commission received = `75 ok
Commission rate = 5%
∴ Commission received = 5% of `1500 =
5
100
× 1500 = `75

In the year 2015 ticket to the world cup cricket match was ` 1,500. This year the price has
o
been increased by 18%. What is the price of a ticket this year?
Sol. Price of a ticket in 2015 = `1500
ab

Increased price this year = 18% of price in 2015

18
= 18% of `1500 = × 1500 = `270
100
Price of ticket this year = last year price + increased price
= `1500 + `270 = `1770
ur

Price of ticket this year = `1770

9. 2 is what percentage of 50?
Sol. Let the required percentage be x
.s

x% of 50 = 2
x
×50 = 2
100
w

2 ´ 100
x = = 4%
∴ 4% of 50 is 2 50

10. What percentage of 8 is 64?

w

Sol. Let the required percentage be x

So x% of 8 = 64
x
w

×8 = 64
100
64 ´ 100
x = = 800
∴ 800% of 8 is 64 8

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11. Stephen invested `10,000 in a savings bank account that earned 2% simple interest. Find
the interest earned if the amount was kept in the bank for 4 years.
Sol. Principal (P) = `10,000
Rate of interest (r) = 2%
Time (n) = 4 years

m
Pnr 10000 ´ 4 ´ 2

Percentage And Simple Interest

∴ Simple Interest I = = = `800
100 100
Stephen will earn `800
12. Riya bought `15,000 from a bank to buy a car at 10% simple interest. If she paid ` 9,000

co
as interest while clearing the loan, find the time for which the loan was given.
Sol. Here Principal (P) = `15,000
Rate of interest (r) = 10%
Simple Interest (I) = `9000

s.
Pnr
I =
100
15000 ´ n ´ 10

ok
9000 =
100
9000 ´ 100
n =
15000 ´ 10
n = 6 years
o
∴ The loan was given for 6 years.
13. In how much time will the simple interest on ` 3,000 at the rate of 8% per annum be the
ab

same as simple interest on `4,000 at 12% per annum for 4 years?

et the required number of years be x
Sol. L
Pnr
Simple Interest I =
ur

100
Principal P1 = `3000
Rate of interest (r) = 8%
Time (n1) = n1 years
.s

3000 ´ 8 ´ n1
Simple Interest I1 = = 240 n1
100
Principal (P2) = `4000
w

Rate of interest (r) = 12%

Time n2 = 4 years
w

4000 ´ 12 ´ 4

Simple Interest I2 =
100
I2 = 1920
w

If I1 = I2
240 n1 = 1920
1920
n1 = =8
240
∴ The required time = 8 years

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Challenge Problems
14. A man travelled 80 km by car and 320 km by train to reach his destination. Find what
percent of total journey did he travel by car and what per cent by train?
Sol. Distance travelled by car = 80 km.
Distance travelled by train = 320 km

m
Unit 2

Total distance = 80 + 320 km = 400 km

80
Percentage of distance travelled by car = × 100% = 20%
400

co
320
Percentage of distance travelled by train = ×100% = 40%
800
15. Lalitha took a math test and got 35 correct and 10 incorrect answers. What was the
percentage of correct answers?

s.
Sol. Number of correct answers = 35
Number of incorrect answers = 10
Total number of answers = 35 + 10 = 45
35

ok
Percentage of correct answers = × 100% = 77.777% = 77.78%
45
16. Kumaran worked 7 months out of the year. What percentage of the year did he work?
Sol. Total number of months in a year = 12
o
Number of Months Kumaran worked = 7
7
Percentage of the year he worked = ×100%
12
ab

Percentage of the year worked = 58.33%

17. The population of a village is 8000. Out of these, 80% are literate and of these literate
people, 40% are women. Find the percentage of literate women to the total population?
Population of the village = 8000 people
ur

Sol.
literate people = 80% of population
80
= 80% of 8000 = × 8000
100
.s

literate people = 6400

Percentage of women = 40% 40
Number of women = 40% of literate people = ×6400 = 2560
100
w

∴literate women : Total population = 8000 : 2560 = 25 : 8

18. A student earned a grade of 80% on a math test that had 20 problems. How many
problems on this test did the student answer correctly?
w

Sol. Total number of problems in the test = 20

Students score = 80%
80
Number of problem answered = × 20 = 16
w

100
19. A metal bar weighs 8.5 kg. 85% of the bar is silver. How many kilograms of silver are in the bar?
Sol. Total weight of the metal = 8.5 kg
Percentage of silver in the metal = 85%
85
Weight of silver in the metal = 85% of total weight = × 8.5 kg = 7.225 kg
7.225 kg of silver are in the bar. 100

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20. Concession card holders pay ` 120 for a train ticket. Full fare is ` 230. What is the
percentage of discount for concession card holders?
Sol. Train ticket fare = `230
Ticket fare on concession = `120
Discount = Ticket fare – concession fare = 230 – 120 = `110

m
Discount 110

Percentage And Simple Interest

Percentage of discount = × 100% = × 100 = 47.826% = 47.83%
Original rate 230
Percentage of discount = 47.83%

co
21. A tank can hold 200 litres of water. At present, it is only 40% full. How many litres of
water to fill in the tank, so that it is 75 % full?
Sol. Capacity of the water tank = 200 litres
Percentage of water in the tank = 40%

s.
Percentage of water to fill = Upto 75%
Difference in percentage = 75% – 40% = 35%
∴ Volume of water to be filled = Percentage of difference × total  capacity

ok
35
= × 200 = 70 l
70 l of water to be filled. 100
2 2
22. Which is greater 16 or or 0.17 ?
3 5
o
2 50 50 2 2
Sol. 16 = = ×100% = 1666.67% ⇒ = × 100 = 40%
3 30 3 5 5
17
ab

0.17 = =17%
2 50 100
∴ 1666.67 is greater. ∴ 16 is = greater.
3 30
23. The value of a machine depreciates at 10% per year. If the present value is
` 1,62,000, what is the worth of the machine after two years.
ur

Sol. Present value of the machine = `1,67,000

Rate of depreciation = 10% per annum
Time (n) = 2 years
.s

1, 62, 000 ´ 1 ´ 10
For 1 year depreciation amount = = `16,200
100
Worth of the machine after one year = Worth of Machine – Depreciation
w

= 1,67,000 – 16,200 = 1,45,800

10
Depreciation of the machine for 2nd year = 145800 × 1 × = 14580
100
w

Worth of the machine after 2 years = 1,45,800 – 14,580 =1,31,220

∴ Worth of the machine after 2 years = `1,31,220
24. In simple interest, a sum of money amounts to ` 6,200 in 2 years and ` 6,800 in
w

3 years. Find the principal and rate of interest.

Sol. Let the principal P = `100
If A = 6200
⇒ Principal + Interest for 2 years = 6200
A = `7400
⇒ Principal + Interest for 3 years = 7400
∴ Difference gives the Interest for 1 year

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∴ Interest for 1 year = 7400 – 6200

I = 1200
Pnr P ´1´ r
= 1200 ⇒ = 1200
100 100
If the Principal = 10,000 then

m
Unit 2

10, 000 ´ 1 ´ r
= 1200 ⇒ r = 12%
100
Rate of interest = 12% per annum

co
25. A sum of `46,900 was lent out at simple interest and at the end of 2 years, the total
amount was ` 53,466.Find the rate of interest per year.
Sol. Here principal P = `46900
Time n = 2 years

s.
Amount A = `53466
Let r n be the rate of interest per year Pnr
Interest I =
100

A = P + I
53466 = 46900 +

53466 – 46900 =
o ok 46900 ´ 2 ´ r

46900 ´ 2 ´ r
100
6566 = 469× 2× r
100

6566
ab

r = % = 7%
2 ´ 469
Rate of interest = 7% per year
26. Arun lent ` 5,000 to Balaji for 2 years and ` 3,000 to Charles for 4 years on simple interest
ur

at the same rate of interest and received ` 2,200 in all from both of them as interest. Find
the rate of interest per year.
Sol. Principal lent to Balaji P1 = `5000
Time n1 = 2 years
.s

Let r be the rate of interest per year

Pnr 5000 ´ 25 ´ r
Simple interest got from Balaji = ⇒ I1 =
100 100
w

Again principal let to Charles P2 = `3000

Time (n2) = 4 years
3000 ´ 4 ´ r
Simple interest got from Charles (I2) =
w

Altogether Arun got `2200 as interest. 100

∴ I1 + I2 = 2200
5000 ´ 2 ´ r 3000 ´ 4 ´ r
w

+ = 2200
100 100
100r + 120r = 2200
2200
220r = 2200 =
220
r = 10%
Rate of interest per year = 10%

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27. If a principal is getting doubled after 4 years, then calculate the rate of interest. (Hint :
Let P = ` 100).
Sol. Let the principal P = `100
Given it is doubled after 4 years
i.e. Time n
4 years =
After 4 years A
`200 =

m Percentage And Simple Interest

P+I ∴ A =
I A –P =
200 – 100
I =

co
After 4 years interest I
100 =
Pnr 100 ´ 4 ´ r
I = ⇒ 100 =
100 100
4r = 100 ⇒ r = 25%

s.
Rate of interest r = 25%

Unit Test
Time: 1 hr 
I. Fill in the blanks. 
1. Simple interest can be calculated as I = ______(
o
2. ________ is the money borrowed or lent.
ok Max Marks : 25
5×1=5

3. Percentage is a fraction with denominator_______.

ab

18
4. = ______ %
4
5. 78% = ______ in fraction.
II. Answer the following questions. 5 × 2 = 10
ur

1
6. Write as percent.
8
7. Convert 16% as fraction.
8. Convert 172% into decimal
.s

9. In a class of 40 students 80% of then are passed. Find the number of students passed.
10. In a population of 100 people 72 like sweets. Find the percentage of people who like sweets.
III. Answer the following questions. 2 × 5 = 10
w

11. A boy spent 20% of a day for his studying and 30% of a day for playing. Find the hours in a
day he spend for his study and play together.
12. Find the amount after 2 years if principal is 64000 at rate of interest 5% per annum.
w

Answers
Pnr 78
w

I. 1. 2. Principal 3. 100 4. 450% 5.

100 100
16 4
II. 6. 12.5% 7. or 8. 1.72 9. 32 10. 72%
100 25

III. 11. 12 hrs. 12. `70,400


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3
Chapter

Algebra

m
Algebraic Identities

co
ÊÊ  lgebraic equalities which hold true for all the values of the variables are called identities.
A
ÊÊ The following identities are proved geometrically:
(x + a)(x + b) = x2 + x(a + b) + ab ; (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 ; (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2 and

s.
(a + b)(a − b) = a2 − b2
ÊÊ Also we have
(x + a)(x – b) = x2 + x(a – b) – ab ; (x – a)(x + b) = x2 + x(b – a) – ab;

ÊÊ T
(x − a)(x – b) = x2 – x(a + b) + ab

ok
 he factors of an algebraic expression is two or more expressions whose product is the given
expression.
ÊÊ The process of writing an algebraic expression as the product of its factors is called factorisation.
o
 (Text book Page No. 50)
ab

1. Is it the only way to decompose the numbers representing length and breadth? Discuss.
Sol. No, for example 15 can be decompose into 1 × 15, 3 × 5, 5 × 3, 15 × 1
ur

TRY THESE  (Text book Page No. 52)

1. Observe the following figures and try to find its area, geometrically. Also verify the same
by multiplication of monomial.
.s

i) ii) iii)
y x y
{
3y y a + b+ c
w

3x x
y x
x x x x
x
w

4x
iv) ii)
y
x
3y y
w

2x
x
y
x x x x x
2x 3x

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Sol. (i) Area of each box = xy

Totally 12 boxes
∴Total area = 12 × xy = 12xy
Also multiplying the length 4x and breadth 3y
We have area of the rectangle = 4x × 3y = 12xy

m
(ii) Area of each small box = x2
Total number of boxes = 3
∴Total area = 3x2

co
Also length of the rectangle = 3x
breadth of the rectangle = x
Area of the rectangle = length × breadth
= 3x × x

s.
= 3x2
(iii) Area of each small box is ay, by, cy
∴Total area = ay + by + cy = y (a + b + c)

= (a + b + c) y


(iv)
There are 4 small squares
o ok
Area of the rectangle = length × breadth

Area of each small square = x2

∴Total area of the given square = 4x2

Also side of the big square = 2x
ab

∴ Area of the square = (2x)2 = 4x2

(v) Area of each small rectangle = xy
There are 9 such rectangles
∴Total area = 9xy
ur

Area of big rectangle = length × breadth

= 3x × 3y = 9xy
2. Let the length and breadth of a tile be x and y respectively. Using such tiles construct
.s

as many rectangles as you can and find out the length and breadth of the rectangles so
formed such that its area is
(i) 12xy (ii) 8xy (iii) 9xy
w

Sol. (i) 12xy

x
w

x x
x x
y y y y y y y y y y
w

(ii) 8xy
x x
x y y y y y y y y
y y y y

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(iii) 9xy
x x
y y y y y y y y y x
x

m
y y y
TRY THESE  (Text book Page No. 58)

co
Consider a square shaped paddy field with side of 48 m. A pathway with uniform breadth is
surrounded the square field and the length of the outer side is 52 m. Can you find the area of
the pathway by using identities?
Sol. Let a = 52
b = 4

s.
2m 2m
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2 = 522 – 2 (52) (4) + 42 48 m
= 2704 – 416 + 16 = 2304 52 m

ok
Unit 3

(Text book Page No. 60)

Can we factorize the following expressions using any basic identities? Justify your answer.
(i) x2 + 5x + 4 (ii) x2 − 5x + 4
o
Sol. (i) x2 + 5x + 4 = x2 + (1 + 4)x + (1 × 4)
Which is of the form x2 + (a + b) x + ab
ab

= (x + a) (x + b)
x2 + (1+ 4) x + (1 × 4) = (x + 1) (x + 4)
∴ x2 + 5x + 4 = (x + 1) (x + 4)
(ii) x2 – 5x + 4 = x2 + ((–1) + (– 4))x + (–1) (– 4)
ur

Which is of the form x2 + (a + b) x + ab

= (x + a) (x + b)
x2 + ((–1) + (–4))x + ((–1)(–4)) = (x + (–1)) (x + (–4)) = (x – 1) (x – 4)
x2 – 5x + 4 = (x – 1) (x – 4))
.s

Exercise 3.1
w

1. Fill in the blanks.

(i) (p – q)2 =_____________ [Ans : p2 – 2pq + q2]
(ii) The product of (x + 5) and (x − 5) is________________ [Ans : x2 – 25]
w

(iii) The factors of x2 − 4x + 4 are_______________ [Ans : (x – 2) and (x – 2)]

2 2
(iv) Express 24ab c as product of its factors is_______________
w

 [Ans: 2× 2 × 2 × 3 × a × b × b × c × c]
2. Say whether the following statements are True or False.
(i) (7x + 3)(7x − 4) = 49x2 − 7x − 12 .  [Ans : True]
(ii) (a − 1)2 = a2 − 1.  [Ans : False]

(iii) (x2 + y2)(y2 + x2) = (x2 + y2)2 [Ans : True]
(iv) 2p is the factor of 8pq.  [Ans : True]
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3. Express the following as the product of its factors.

(i) 24ab2c2 (ii) 36 x3y2z (iii) 56 mn2p2
Sol. (i) 24ab2c2 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × a × b × b × c × c
(ii) 36 x3y2z = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × x × x × x × y × y × z
(iii) 56 mn2p2 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × m × n × n × p × p

m
4. Using the identity (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + x(a + b) + ab, find the following product.
(i) (x + 3)(x + 7) (ii) (6a + 9)(6a − 5)

co
(iii) (4x + 3y)(4x + 5y) (iv) (8 + pq)(pq + 7)
Sol. (i) (x + 3)(x + 7)
Let a = 3; b = 7, then
(x + 3)(x + 7) is of the form x2 + x (a + b) + ab

s.
(x + 3)(x + 7) = x2 + x (3 + 7) + (3 × 7) = x2 + 10x + 21
(ii) (6a + 9)(6a − 5)
Substituting x = 6a ; a = 9 and b = –5


ok
In (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + x (a + b) + ab, we get
(6a + 9)(6a − 5) = (6a)2 + 6a (9 + (–5)) + (9 × (–5))

Algebra
= 62 a2 + 6a (4) + (–45) = 36a2 + 24a – 45
o
(6a + 9) (6a – 5) = 36a2 + 24a – 45
(iii) (4x + 3y)(4x + 5y)
ab

Substituting x = 4x ; a = 3y and b = 5y in
(x + a) (x + b) = x2 + x (a + b) + ab, we get
(4x + 3y)(4x − 5y) = (4x)2 + 4x (3y + 5y) + (3y) (5y)
= 42 x2 + 4x (8y) + 15y2 = 16x2 + 32xy + 15y2
ur

(4x + 3y)(4x + 5y) = 16x2 + 32xy + 15y2

(iv) (8 + pq)(pq + 7)
Substituting x = pq ; a = 8 and b = 7 in
.s

(x + a) (x + b) = x2 + x (a + b) + ab, we get
(pq + 8)(pq + 7) = (pq)2 + pq (8 + 7) + (8) (7)
= p2 q2 + pq (15) + 56
w

(8 + pq)(pq + 7) = p2 q2 + 15pq + 56
5. Expand the following squares, using suitable identities.
w

(i) (2x + 5)2 (ii) (b –7)2 (iii) (mn + 3p)2 (iv) (xyz –1)2
Sol. (i) (2x + 5)2
Comparing (2x + 5)2 with (a + b)2 we have a = 2x and b = 5
w

a = 2x and b = 5,
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(2x + 5)2 = (2x)2 + 2(2x) (5) + 52 = 22 x2 + 20x + 25
= 22 x2 + 20x + 25
(2x + 5)2 = 4x2 + 20x + 25

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(ii) (b –7)2
Comparing (b – 7)2 with (a – b)2 we have a = b and b = 7
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2

(b – 7)2 = b2 – 2(b) (7) + 72
(b – 7)2 = b2 – 14b + 49

m
(iii) (mn + 3p)2
Comparing (mn + 3p)2 with (a + b)2 we have
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

co

(mn + 3p)2 = (mn)2 + 2(mn) (3p) + (3p)2
(mn + 3p)2 = m2 n2 + 6mnp + 9p2
(iv) (xyz –1)2

s.
Comparing (xyz – 1)2 with (a – b)2 we have = a + xyz and b = 1
a = xyz and b = 1

(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2

ok
(xyz – 1)2 = (xyz)2 – 2 (xyz) (1) + 12
Unit 3

(xyz – 1)2 = x2y2z2 – 2 xyz + 1

6. Using the identity (a + b)(a − b) = a2 − b2, find the following product.
(i) (p + 2)(p − 2) (ii) (1 + 3b)(3b − 1)
o
(iii) (4 − mn)(mn + 4) (iv) (6x + 7y)(6x – 7y)
ab

Sol. (i) (p + 2)(p − 2)

Substituting a = p ; b = 2 in the identity (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2, we get
(p + 2) (p – 2) = p2 – 22
(ii) (1 + 3b)(3b − 1)
ur

(1 + 3b) (3b –1) can be written as (3b + 1) (3b –1)

Substituting a = 3b and b = 1 in the identity
(a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2, we get
.s

(3b + 1) (3b –1) = (3b)2 – 12 = 32 × b2 – 12

(3b + 1) (3b –1) = 9b2 – 12
(iii) (4 − mn)(mn + 4)
w

(4 – mn) (mn + 4) can be written as (4 – mn) (4 + mn) = (4 + mn) (4 – mn)

Substituting a = 4 and b = mn is
(a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2, we get
w

(4 + mn) (4 – mn) = 42 – (mn)2 = 16 – m2 n2
(iv) (6x + 7y)(6x – 7y)
w

Substituting a = 6x and b = 7y in
(a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2, we get

(6x + 7y) (6x – 7y) = (6x)2 – (7y)2 = 62x2 – 72y2

(6x + 7y) (6x – 7y) = 36x2 – 49y2

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7. Evaluate the following, using suitable identity.

(i) 512 (ii) 1032 (iii) 9982 (iv) 472
(v) 297 × 303 (vi) 990 × 1010 (vii) 51 × 52
Sol. ( i) 512
512 = (50 + 1)2

m
Taking a = 50 and b = 1 we get
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(50 + 1)2 = 502 + 2 (50) (1) + 12 = 2500 + 100 + 1

co
512 = 2601
(ii) 1032
1032 = (100 + 3)2
Taking a = 100 and b = 3

s.
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 becomes
(100 + 3)2 = 1002 + 2 (100) (3) + 32 = 10000 + 600 + 9
1032 = 10609

ok
(iii) 9982
9982 = (1000 – 2)2
Taking a = 1000 and b = 2

Algebra
(a – b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 becomes
o
(1000 – 2)2 = 10002 – 2 (1000) (2) + 22
= 1000000 – 4000 + 4
ab

9982 = 10,04,004
2
(iv) 47
472 = (50 – 3)2
Taking a = 50 and b = 3
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2 becomes
ur

(50 – 3)2 = 502 – 2 (50) (3) + 32
= 2500 – 300 + 9 = 2200 + 9
472 = 2209
.s

(v) 297 × 303

297 × 303 = (300 – 3) (300 + 3)
Taking a = 300 and b = 3 , then
w

(a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2 becomes
(300 + 3) (300 – 3) = 3002 – 32
303 × 297 = 90000 – 9
w

297 × 303 = 89,991

(vi) 990 × 1010
990 × 1010 = (1000 – 10) (1000 + 10)
w

Taking a = 1000 and b = 10 , then

(a – b) (a + b) = a2 – b2 becomes
(1000 – 10) (1000 + 10) = 10002 – 102
990 × 1010 = 1000000 – 100
990 × 1010 = 999900

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(vii) 51 × 52
51 × 52 = (50 + 1) (50 + 1)
Taking x = 50 , a = 1 and b = 2
then (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab becomes
(50 + 1) (50 + 2) = 502 + (1 + 2) 50 + (1 × 2)

m
= 2500 + (3) 50 + 2 = 2500 + 150 + 2
51 × 52 = 2652
8. Simplify: (a + b) − 4ab
2

co
Sol. (a + b)2 – 4ab = a2 + b2 + 2ab – 4ab = a2 + b2 – 2ab = (a – b)2
9. Show that (m − n)2 + (m + n)2 = 2(m2 + n2)
Sol. Taking the LHS = (m –n)2 + (m + n)2
= m2 – 2mn + n2 + m2 + 2mn + n2 = m2 + n2 + m2 + n2

s.
= 2m2 + 2n2 [ (a + b)2 – 4ab = a2 + 2ab + b2
= 2(m2 + n2) = RHS (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]
2 2 2 2
∴(m − n) + (m + n) = 2(m + n )

ok
10. If a + b = 10 , and ab = 18, find the value of a2 + b2.
Unit 3

Sol. We have (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a + b)2 = a2 + b­2 + 2ab
given a + b = 0 and ab = 18
o
102 = a2 + b2 + 2(18)
100 = a2 + b2 + 36
ab

100 – 36 = a2 + b2
a2 + b2 = 64
11. Factorise the following algebraic expressions by using the identity a2 − b2 = (a + b)(a − b).
ur

(i) z2 – 16 (ii) 9 – 4y2 (iii) 25a2 – 49b2 (iv) x4 – y4­

Sol. (i) z2 – 16
z2 – 16 = z2 – 42
We have a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)
.s

let a = z and b = 4,
z2 – 42 = (z + 4) (z – 4)
(ii) 9 – 4y2
w

9 – 4y2 = 32 – 22 y2 = 32 –(2y)2
let a = 3 and b = 2y, then
a – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)
2
w

∴ 3 – (2y)2 = (3 + 2y) (3 – 2y)

2

9 – 4y2 = (3 + 2y) (3 – 2y)

(iii) 25a2 – 49b2
25a2 – 49b2 = 52 a2 – 72 b2 = (5a)2 – (7b)2
w

let A = 5a and B = 7b
A2 – B2 = (A + B) (A – B) becomes
(5a)2 – (7b)2 = (5a + 7b) (5a – 7b)
(iv) x4 – y4­
Let x4 – y4 = (x2)2 – (y2)2
We have a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)
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(x2)2 – (y2)2 = (x2 + y2) (x2 – y2)

x4 – y4 = (x2 + y2) (x2 – y2)
Again we have x2 – y2 = (x + y) (x – y)
∴ x4 – y4 = (x2 + y2) (x + y) (x – y)
12. Factorise the following using suitable identity.

m
(i) x2 − 8x + 16 (ii) y2 + 20y + 100 (iii) 36m2 + 60m + 25
2 2
(iv) 64x − 112xy + 49y (v) a2 + 6ab + 9b2 − c2
Sol. (i) x2 − 8x + 16 x2 − 8x + 16 = x2 – (2× 4 × x) + 42

co
This expression is in the form of identity
a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2
x – 2 × 4 × x + 42 = (x – 4)2
2

∴ x2 – 8x + 16 = (x – 4) (x – 4)

s.
(ii) y2 + 20y + 100
y2 + 20y + 100 = y2 + (2 × (10)) y + (10 × 10)
= y2 + (2 × 10 × y ) + 102

ok
This is of the form of identity
a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2
y + (2× 10 × y) + 102 = (y + 10)2
2

Algebra
y2 + 20y + 100 = (y + 10)2
y2 + 20y + 100 = (y + 10) (y + 10)
o

(iii) 36m2 + 60m + 25
ab

36m2 + 60m + 25 = 62 m2 + 2 × 6m × 5 + 52
This expression is of the form of identity
a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2
(6m) + (2× 6m × 5) + 52 = (6m + 5)2
2

36m2 + 60m + 25 = (6m + 5) (6m + 5)

ur

(iv) 64x2 − 112xy + 49y2­

64x2 – 112xy + 49y2 = 82 x2 – (2 × 8x × 7y) + 72y2
This expression is of the form of identity
.s

a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2
(8x) – (2× 8x × 7y) + (7y)2 = (8x – 7y)2
2

64x2 – 112xy + 49y2 = (8x – 7y) (8x – 7y)

w

(v) a2 + 6ab + 9b2 − c2­

a2 + 6ab + 9b2 − c2 = a2 + 2 × a × 3b + 32 b2 – c2
w

= a2+ (2 × a × 3b) + (3b)2 – c2

This expression is of the form of identity
[a2 + 2ab + b2] – c2 = (a + b)2 – c2
w

a2 + (2× a × 3b) + (3b)2 – c2 = (a + 3b)2 – c2

Again this RHS is of the form of identity
a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)
(a + 3b)2 – c2 = [(a +3b) + c] [(a + 3b) – c]
a2 + 6ab + 9b2 – c2 = (a +3b + c) (a + 3b – c)

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Objective Type Questions

13. If a + b = 5 and a2 + b­2 = 13, then ab = ?
(i) 12 (ii) 6 (iii) 5 (iv) 13 [Ans : (ii) 6]
Hint : (a + b)2 = 25

m
13 + 2ab = 25
2ab = 12
ab = 6
14. (5 + 20)(−20 − 5) = ?

co
(i) –425 (ii) 375 (iii) –625 (iv) 0 [Ans : (iii) –625]
Hint : (50 + 20) (–20 – 5) = –(5 + 20)2 = – (25)2 = – 625
15. The factors of x2 – 6x + 9 are

s.
(i) (x − 3)(x − 3) (ii) (x − 3)(x + 3)
(iii) (x + 3)(x + 3) (iv) (x − 6)(x + 9) [Ans : (i) (x − 3)(x − 3)]
2 2 2
Hint : x – 6x + 9 = x – 2(x) (3) + 3

ok
a – 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2 = (x – 3)2 = (x − 3) (x − 3)
2
Unit 3

16. The common factors of the algebraic expression ax2y, bxy2 and cxyz is
(i) x2y (ii) xy2 (iii) xyz (iv)
xy [Ans : (iv) xy]
2
Hint : ax y = a × x × x × y
o
bxy2 = b × x × y × y
cxyz = c × x × y × z
ab

Common factor = xy

Additional Questions
1. If 4x2 + y2 = 40 and xy = 6 find the value of 2x + y.
ur

Sol. We have (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(2x + y)2 = (2x)2 + (2 × 2x × y) + y­2 = (4x2 + y2) + 4xy = 40 + 4 × 6 = 40 + 24
(2x + y)2 = 64
(2x + y)2 = 82
.s

2x + y = 8
1 1
2. If x2 + 2
= 23 find x + .
x x
w

Sol. We have (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

2
æ 1ö 1 1
So ç x + ÷ = x2 + 2 × x × + 2
w

è xø x x
1 1 1
= x2 + 2 + 2 = x2 + 2 + 2 = 23 + 2  x2 + = 23
2 x x x2
w

æ 1ö
ç x + ÷ = 25
è xø
2
æ 1ö 2
ç x + ÷ = 5
è xø
1
x + = 5
x

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æ2 ö æ2 ö
3. Find the product of ç x 2 + 5 y 2 ÷ ç x 2 + 5 y 2 ÷ .
è3 ø è3 ø
2
æ2 2 2 öæ 2 2 2ö æ2 2 2ö
Sol. ç x + 5 y ÷ ç x + 5 y ÷ = ç x + 5y ÷
è3 øè 3 ø è3 ø

m
2 2 2
We have (a + b) = a + 2ab + b
2
Here a = x2 b = 5y2
3
2 2
2 2

co
æ2 2 2ö æ 2 2ö 2 2 2
ç x + 5 y ÷ = çè x ÷ø + 2 × x × 5y + (5y )
è3 ø 3 3
2 2 2
æ 2 ö 2 2 20 x y
= ç ÷ (x ) + + 52 (y2)2
è3ø 3
2
æ2 2 2ö 4 4 20 x 2 y 2

s.
ç x + 5 y ÷ = x + +25y4
è3 ø 9 3

Inequations
ÊÊ T

ok
 he algebraic statement that shows two algebraic expression being unequal is known as an
algebraic inequation.
ÊÊ The algebraic expressions are connected with any one of the four signs of inequalities, namely,

Algebra
>, ≥ ,< and ≤.
o
ÊÊ When both sides of an inequation are added, subtracted, multiplied and divided by the same
non-zero positive number, the inequality remains the same.
ab

ÊÊ When both sides of an inequation are multiplied or divided by the same non-zero negative number,
the sign of inequality is reversed. For example, x < y ⇒ − x > − y.
ÊÊ The solution set of an inequation can be represented on the number line by marking the true
values of solutions with different colour on the number line.
ur

TRY THESE  (Text book Page No. 63)

Construct inequations for the following statements:

1. Ramesh’s salary is more than `25,000 per month.
.s

2. This lift can carry maximum of 5 persons.

3. The exhibition will be there in town for at least 100 days.
w

Sol. 1. x > 25,000, where x is Ramesh’s Salary per month.

2. y ≤ 5, where y is the maximum number of persons the left can carry.
3. z ≥ 100, where z is the number of days when the exhibition is there.
w

 (Text book Page No. 65)

Hameed saw a stranger in the street. He told his parent, “The stranger’s age is
w

between 40 to 45 years, and his height is between 160 to 170 cm”.

Convert the above verbal statement into algebraic inequations by using x and y as
variables of age and height.
Sol. Let x be the age and y be the height then
40 ≤ x ≤ 45 and 160 ≤ y ≤ 170

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Exercise 3.2
1. Given that x ≥ y. Fill in the blanks with suitable inequality signs.
(i) y x (ii) x + 6 y + 6
2
(iii) x xy (iv) −xy – y2

m
(v) x − y 0
Ans: (i) y ≤ x (ii) x + 6 ≥ y + 6
2
(iii) x ≥ xy (iv) −xy ≤ – y2

co
(v) x − y ≥ 0­
2. Say True or False.
(i) Linear inequation has almost one solution. [Ans : False]
(ii) When x is an integer, the solution set for x ≤ 0 are −1, −2,.. [Ans : False]

s.
(iii) An inequation, −3 < x < −1, where x is an integer, cannot be represented in the
number line. [Ans : True]
(iv) x < −y can be rewritten as −y < x [Ans : False]

ok
Unit 3

3. Solve the following inequations.

(i) x ≤ 7, where x is a natural number. (ii) x − 6 < 1, where x is a natural number.
(iii) 2a + 3 ≤ 13, where a is a whole number. (iv) 6x − 7 ≥ 35, where x is an integer.
(v) 4x − 9 > −33, where x is a negative integer.
o
Sol. ( i) x ≤ 7, where x is a natural number.
Since the solution belongs to the set of natural numbers, that are less than or equal to 7,
ab

we take the values of x as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.

(ii) x − 6 < 1, where x is a natural number.
x – 6 < 1 Adding 6 on the both the sides x – 6 + 6 < 1 + 6
x<7
ur

Since the solutions belongs to the set of natural numbers that are less than 7, we take
the values of x as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
(iii) 2a + 3 ≤ 13, where a is a whole number.
2a + 3 ≤ 13
.s

Subtracting 3 from both the sides 2a + 3 – 3 ≤ 13 – 3

2a ≤ 10
2a 10
w

Dividing both the sides by 2. ≤

2 2
a ≤5
Since the solutions belongs to the set of whole numbers that are less than or equal to 5
w

we take the values of a as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

(iv) 6x − 7 ≥ 35, where x is an integer.
6x – 7 ≥ 35 Adding 7 on both the sides
w

6x – 7 + 7 ≥ 35 + 7
6x ≥ 42
6x 42
Dividing both the sides by 6 we get ≥
6 6
x ≥7
Since the solution belongs to the set of integers that are greater than or equal to 7, we
take the values of x as 7, 8, 9, 10...
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(v) 4x − 9 > −33, where x is a negative integer.

4x – 9 > – 33 Adding 9 both the sides
4x – 9 + 9 > – 33 + 9
4x > – 24
Dividing both the sides by 4

m
4x -24
>
4 4
x >–6

co
Since the solution belongs to a negative integer that are greater than –6, we take values
of u as –5, –4, –3, –2 and –1.
4. Solve the following inequations and represent the solution on the number line:
(i) k > −5, k is an integer. (ii) −7 ≤ y, y is a negative integer.

s.
(iii) −4 ≤ x ≤ 8, x is a natural number. (iv) 3m − 5 ≤ 2m + 1, m is an integer.
Sol. ( i) k > −5, k is an integer.
Since the solution belongs to the set of integers, the solution is –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,... It’s

ok
graph on number line is shown below.

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
(ii) −7 ≤ y, y is a negative integer.

Algebra
–7 ≤ y
o
Since the solution set belongs to the set of negative integers, the solution is
–7, –6, –5, –4, –3, –2, –1.
ab

Its graph on the number line is shown below

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
(iii) −4 ≤ x ≤ 8, x is a natural number.
−4 ≤ x ≤ 8
ur

Since the solution belongs to the set of natural numbers, the solution is
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
Its graph on number line is shown below
.s

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(iv) 3m − 5 ≤ 2m + 1, m is an integer.
3m – 5 ≤ 2m + 1
w

Subtracting 1 on both the sides

3m – 5 – 1 ≤ 2m + 1 + 1
3m – 6 ≤ 2m
w

Subtracting 2m on both the sides 3m – 6 – 2m ≤ 2m – 2m

m – 6 ≤ 0
Adding 6 on both the sides m – 6 + 6 ≤ 0 + 6
m ≤ 6
w

Since the solution belongs to the set of integers, the solution is

6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, –1, ...
Its graph on number line is shown below

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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5. An artist can spend any amount between `80 to `200 on brushes. If cost of each brush is ` 5
and there are 6 brushes in each packet, then how many packets of brush can the artist buy?
Sol. Given the artist can spend any amount between `80 to `200
Let the number of packets of brush he can buy be x
Given cost of 1 brush = `5

m
Cost of 1 packet brush (6 brushes) = `5 × 6 = `30
∴Cost of x packets of brushes = 30x
∴ The inequation becomes 80 ≤ 30x ≤ 200

co
80 30 x 200
Dividing throughout by 30 we get £ £
30 30 30
8 20 2 2
£x£ ; 2 £ x£6
3 3 3 3
brush packets cannot get in fractions.

s.
∴The artist can buy 3 ≤ x ≤ 6 packets of brushes.
or x = 3, 4, 5 and 6 packets of brushes.

ok
Objective Type Questions
Unit 3

6. The solutions set of the inequation 3 ≤ p ≤ 6 are (where p is a natural number)

(i) 4,5 and 6 (ii) 3,4 and 5 (iii) 4 and 5 (iv) 3,4,5 and 6
 [Ans : (iv) 3,4,5 and 6]
o
7. The solution of the inequation 5x + 5 ≤ 15 are (where x is a natural number)
(i) 1 and 2 (ii) 0,1 and 2
ab

(iii) 2, 1, 0, −1, −2.. (iv) 1,2,3.. [Ans : (i) 1 and 2]

Hint : 5x + 5 ≤ 15
5x ≤ 15 – 5 = 10
10
x ≤ =2
ur

5
8. The cost of one pen is `8 and it is available in a sealed pack of 10 pens. If Swetha has only
`500, how many packs of pens can she buy at the maximum?
(i) 10 (ii) 5 (iii) 6 (iv) 8 [Ans : (iii) 6]
.s

Hint : Price of 1 pen = `8

Price of 1 pack = 10 × 8 = 80
Number of packs Swetha can buy = x
w

80x ≤ 500
8x ≤ 50
50
x ≤ = 6.25
w

8
x is a natural number x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
9. The inequation that is represented on the number line as shown below is _______.
w

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

(i) −4 < x < 0 (ii) −4 ≤ x ≤ 0 (iii) −4 < x ≤ 0 (iv) −4 ≤ x < 0

 [Ans : * −4 ≤ x ≤ 2]

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Additional Questions
1. Solve 2x + 5 < 15 where x is a natural number and represent the solution in a number line.
Sol. 2x + 5 < 15
Subtracting 5 on both sides 2x + 5 – 5 < 15 – 5

m
2x < 10
Dividing by 2 on both the sides
2 x 10
<

co
2 2
Since x is a natural number and it is less than 5, the solution is 4, 3, 2 and 1. It is
shown in the number line as below.

s.
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

2. Solve 2c + 4 ≤ 14, where c is a whole number.

Sol. 2c + 4 ≤ 14

2c ≤ 10
Dividing by 2 on both the sides ok
Subtracting 4 on both sides 2c + 4 – 4 ≤ 14 – 4

Algebra
2c 10
o
£
2 2
c ≤ 5
ab

Since the solutions are whole numbers which are less than r equal to 5, the solution
set is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
3. Solve –8 < –2n + 4, n is a natural number.
Sol. –8 < – 2n + 4
ur

Subtracting 4 on both sides –8 – 4 < – 2n + 4 – 4

– 12 < – 2n
÷ by –2, we have
.s

-2n -12
< [  Dividing by negative number, the inequation get reversed]
-2 -2
n < 6
w

Since the solutions are natural numbers which are less then 6, we have the solution
as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
w

Exercise 3.3
Miscellaneous Practice problems
1. Using identity, find the value of (i) (4.9)2 (ii) (100.1)2 (iii) (1.9) × (2.1)
w

Sol. ( i) (4.9)2 (4.9)2 = (5 – 0.1)2

Substituting a = 5 and b = 0.1 in
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2, we have
(5 – 0.1)2 = 52 – 2 (5) (0.1) + (0.1)2
(4.9)2 = 25 – 1 + 0.01 = 24 + 0.01
(4.9)2 = 24.01
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(ii) (100.1)2
(100.1)2 = (100 + 0.1)2
Substituting a = 100 and b = 0.1 in
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2, we have
(100 + 0.1)2 = (100)2 + 2 (100) (0.1) + (0.1)2
(100.1)2 = 10000 + 20 + 0.01

m
(100.1)2 = 10020.01
(iii) (1.9) × (2.1)
(1.9) × (2.1) = (2 – 0.1)× (2 + 0.1)

co
Substituting a = 100 and b = 0.1 in
(a – b) (a + b) = a2 – b2, we have
(2 – 0.1)(2 + 0.1) = 22 – (0.1)2
(1.9) × (2.1) = 4 – 0.01
(9.9) (2.1) = 3.99

s.
2. Factorise : 4x2 – 9y2
Sol. 4x2 – 9y2 = 22 x2 – 32 y2 = (2x)2 – (3y)2
Substituting a = 2x and b = 3y in

ok
(a2 – b2) = (a + b) (a – b), we have
Unit 3

(2x)2 – (3y)2 = (2x + 3y) (2x – 3y)

∴ Factors of 4x2 – 9y2 are (2x + 3y) and (2x – 3y)
3. Simplify using identities (i) (3p + q)(3p + r) (ii) (3p + q)(3p − q)
o
Sol. ( i) (3p + q)(3p + r)
Substitute x = 3p, a = q and b = r in
ab

(x + a) (x + b) = x2 + x(a + b) + ab
(3p + q)(3p + r) = (3p)2 + 3p (q + r) + (q × r)

= 32 p2 + 3p (q + r) + qr
(3p + q)(3p + r) = 9p2 + 3p (q + r) + qr
ur

(ii) (3p + q)(3p − q)

Substitute a = 3p and b = q in
(a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2, we have
(3p + q)(3p – q) = (3p)2 – q2 = 32 p2 – q2
.s

(3p + q)(3p – q) = 9p2 – q2

4. Show that (x + 2y)2 − (x − 2y)2 = 8xy.
Sol. LHS = (x + 2y)2 − (x − 2y)2
w

= x2 + (2 × x × 2y) + (2y)2 – [x2 – (2 × x × 2y) + (2y)2]

= x2 + 4xy + 4y2 – [x2 – 4xy + 22y2] [(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
= x2 + 4xy + 4y2 – x2 + 4xy – 4y2 
w


(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]
= x2 – x2 + 4xy + 4xy + 4y2 – 4y2
= x2 (1 – 1) + xy (4 + 4) + y2 (4 – 4)
= 0x2 + 8xy + 0y2 = 8xy = RHS
w

∴ (x + 2y)2 − (x − 2y)2= 8xy

5. The pathway of a square paddy field has 5 m width and length of its side is 40 m. Find the
total area of its pathway. (Note: Use suitable identity)
Sol. Given side of the square = 40 m
Also width of the pathway = 5 m
∴ Side of the larger square = 40m + 2(5)m = 40m + 10m = 50m
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Area of the path way = area of large square – area of smaller square
= 502 – 402
Substituting a = 50 and b = 40 in
a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b) we have
502 – 402 = (50 + 40) (50 – 40) 5m 40 m 5m
50 m
Area of pathway = 90 × 10

m
2
Area of the pathway = 900 m

Challenge Problems

co
6. If X = a2 − 1 and Y = 1 − b2, then find X + Y and factorize the same.
Sol. Given X = a2 – 1
Y = 1 – b2
X + Y = (a2 – 1) + (1 – b2)

s.
= a2 – 1 + 1 – b2
We know the identity that a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)
∴ X + Y = (a + b) (a – b)

ok
7. Find the value of (x − y)(x + y)(x2 + y2).
Sol. We know that (a – b) (a + b) = a2 – b2 ... (1)
Put a = x and b = y in the identity (1) then
(x – y) (x + y) = x2 – y2

Algebra

Now (x – y) (x + y)(x2 + y2) = (x2 – y2) (x2 + y2)
o
Again put a = x2 and b = y2 in (1)
We have (x – y2) (x2 + y2) = (x2)2 – (y2)2= x4 – y4
2
ab

So (x – y) (x + y) (x2 + y2) = x4 – y4
8. Simplify (5x − 3y)2 − (5x + 3y)2.
Sol. We have the identities ... (1)
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
ur

(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
So (5x – 3y)2 – (5x + 3y)2 = (5x)2 – (2 × 5x × 3y) + (3y)2
 – [(5x)2 + 2(5x) (3y) + (3y)2]
= 52x2 – 30xy + 32 y2 – [52x2 – 30xy + 32 y2]
.s

= 25x2 – 30xy + 9y2 – [25x2 + 30xy + 9y2]

= 25x2 – 30xy + 9y2 – 25x2 – 30xy – 9y2
= x2 (25 – 25) – xy (30 + 30) + y2 (9 – 9)
w

= 0x2 – 60xy + 0y2 = – 60 xy

∴(5x – 3y)2 – (5x + 3y)2 = –60xy
9. Simplify : (i) (a + b)2 – (a – b)2 (ii) (a + b)2 + (a – b)2.
w

Sol. Applying the identities

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
w

(i) (a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 – [a2 – 2ab + b2]

= a2 + 2ab + b2 – a2 + 2ab – b2
= a2 (1 – 1) + ab (2 + 2) + b2 (1 – 1)
= 0a2 + 4 ab + 0b2 = 4ab
(a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = 4ab

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(ii) (a + b)2 + (a – b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 + (a2 – 2ab + b2)

= a2 + 2ab + b2 + a2 – 2ab + b2
= a2 (1 + 1) + ab (2 – 2) + b2 (1 + 1)
= 2a2 + 0 ab + 2b2 = 2a2 + 2b2 = 2 (a2 + b2)
∴ (a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = 2(a2 + b2)

m
10. A square lawn has a 2 m wide path surrounding it. If the area of the path is 136 m2, find
the area of lawn.
Sol. Let the side of the lawn = a m

co
then side of big square = (a + 2(2))m
= (a + 4)m 2m 2m
Area of the path = Area of large square – Area of smaller square
136 = (a + 4)2 – a2

s.
136 = a2 + (2 × a × 4) + 42 – a2
136 = a2 + 8a + 16 – a2
136 = 8a + 16

136 = 8 (a + 2)

ok
Unit 3

Dividing by 8
17 = a + 2
Subtracting 2 on both sides
17 – 2 = a + 2 – 2
o
15 = a
∴ Side of small square = 15m
ab

Area of Square = (Side × Side) Sq. units.

∴ Area of the lawn = (15 × 15)m2 = 225 m2
∴ Area of the lawn = 225 m2
11. Solve the following inequalities.
ur

(i) 4n + 7 ≥ 3n + 10, n is an integer. (ii) 6(x + 6) ≥ 5(x − 3), x is a whole number.

(iii) −13 ≤ 5x + 2 ≤ 32, x is an integer.
Sol. ( i) 4n + 7 ≥ 3n + 10, n is an integer.
Subtracting 3n both sides
.s

4n + 7 – 3n ≥ 3n + 10 – 3n
n (4 – 3) + 7 ≥ 3n + 10 – 3n

n (4 – 3) + 7 ≥ n (3 – 3) + 10
w

n + 7 ≥ 10
Subtracting 7 on both sides
n + 7 – 7 ≥ 10 – 7
n ≥ 3
w

Since the solution is an integer and is greater than or equal to 3, the solution will be 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, ...
n = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, ...
w

(ii) 6(x + 6) ≥ 5(x − 3), x is a whole number.

6x + 36 ≥ 5x − 15
Subtracting 5x on both sides
6x + 36 – 5x ≥ 5x − 15 – 5x

x (6 – 5) + 36 ≥ x (5 – 5) – 15
x + 36 ≥ –15

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Subtracting 36 on both sides

x + 36 – 36 ≥ –15 – 36
x ≥ –51
The solution is a whole number and which is greater than or equal to –51
∴ The solution is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...

m
(iii) −13 ≤ 5x + 2 ≤ 32, x is an integer.
Subtracting throughout by 2
–13 – 2 ≤ 5x + 2 – 2 ≤ 32 –2

co
– 15 ≤ 5x ≤ 30

Dividing throughout by 5
-15 5x 30
≤ ≤
5 5 5

s.
– 3 ≤ x ≤ 6
∴Since the solution is an integer between –3 and 6 both inclusive, we have the solution
as –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
i.e. x = –3, –2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

ok
Unit Test

Algebra
Time: 1 hr Section A Max Marks : 25
o
I. Fill in the blanks 5×1=5
1. (a + b) (a – b) = _________.
ab

2. The process of writing an algebraic expression as the product of its factors is called______.
3. When both sides of an inequation is multiplied by a non zero negative number the sign of the
inequality is ______.
4. (x + 2) (x + 3) =______.
ur

5. (2x – 3) (2x + 3) =______.

II. Using identity solves the following questions. 5 × 2 = 10
6. (2x – 3) (2x + 5) 7. 107 × 103
.s

8. 56 × 48 9. 6x = 232 – 172
10. (3x + 4) (3x – 5)
III. Solve the folloiwng inequations. 2 × 5 = 10
w

6. 5x + 7 ≥ 3x + 11, x is a natural number. 7. –14 ≤ 4x + 2 ≤ 32, x is an integer.

Answers
w

I. 1. a2 – b2 2. factorisation 3. reversed
4. x2 + 5x + 6 5. 4x2 – 9
w

II. 6. 9x2 – 3x – 20 7. 11021 8. 2688

9. x = 40 10. 9x2 – 3x – 20
III. 11. x = 2, 3, 4, 5, ...
12. x = – 4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7

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4
Chapter

Geometry

m
co
Symmetry
The line that divides any figure into two equal halves such that each half exactly coincides with
the other is known as the line of symmetry or axis of symmetry.

s.
Mirror symmetry is called reflection symmetry.
An object is said to have a rotational symmetry if it looks the same after being rotated about
its centre through an angle less than 360°.

ok
The minimum number of tomes a figure coincides with itself in one complete rotation is called
the order of roational symmetry.
All figures have rotational symmetry of order 1.
A object has rotational symmetry, only when the order of symmetry is more than 1.
o
2 is the smallest order of rotational symmetry.
Translation symmetry occurs when a pattern slides to a new position.
ab

The sliding movement involves neither rotation nor reflection.

TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 72)

ur

1. Can you draw a shape which has no line of symmetry?

Sol. Yes,
.s

2. Draw all possible line of symmetry for the following shapes.

Sol.
w
w

(Text book Page No. 73)

What can you say about the number of lines of symmetry of a circle?
Sol. A circle has infinite number of lines of symmetry.

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TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 73)

1. Reflect the words CHEEK, BIKE, BOX with horizontal line.

Sol. CHEEK BIKE BOX
2. Reflect the following words with vertical line.

m
(i) M (ii) M (iii) T
A O H
T M A

co
H T
Sol. (i) M (ii) M (iii) T
A O H
T M A

s.
H T

ok
Will the figure be symmetric about both the diagonals?
Sol. Yes, it is symmetric about both the diagonals.
o (Text book Page No. 73)
ab
ur

TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 74)

.s

1. Find the order of rotational symmetry of the following figures.

w
w

Sol. Order of symmetry : 6 Order of symmetry : 3

2. Find the order of rotational symmetry for an equilateral triangle.
w

For an equilateral triangle order of rotational symmetry is 3.
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(Text book Page No. 74)

Can a parallelogram have a rotational symmetry?

Sol.

m
Unit 4

Yes, order of rotational symmetry is 2.

co
TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 75)

Using translational symmetry make new pattern with the given figure.

s.
Sol.

o ok
ab
ur

TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 77)

1. Translate this figure to 4 → 3 ↑

Sol.
.s
w

2. Translate this figure to 2 ↓ 1 ←

w

Sol.
w

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3. How is the pre-image A translated to image A’ in each of the following figures?

m

Sol. 8 → 5 → 3 ↑

Geometry
co
(Text book Page No. 78)

The pre-image and the image after a translation coincide. What can you say about the
translation?
Sol. There is no right, left, up or down movement took place.

s.
TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 80)

1.
Sol.
ok
Draw the line reflection in the following pictures.
o
ab

2. Reflect the shape with given line of reflection.

Sol.
ur

B B1

C A1A C1
.s
w

D D1

Exercise 4.1
w

1. Find the new position of each point using the translation given.
(i) 2 →, 4 ↓ (ii) 6 ↑
w

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(iii) 3 ←, 5 ↓ (iv) 4 →, 3 ↑

m
Unit 4

co
Sol. (i) (ii) K'
A

A' K

s.
ok
(iii) (iv)

T
S'
o
S
T'
ab

2. How is the pre-image translated to the image?

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
A'

B'
ur

A C D

B D'

C'
.s

Sol. (i) 3→, 4↑ (ii) 3 ←, 3 ↑

(iii) 4 ←, 4↓ (iv) 2→, 2↓
w

3. Find the image of the given triangle with given translation.

(i) 4↑ (ii) 6 → 3↓
(ii) (iii)
(iii) 5← 4↓ (iv) 4→ 3↑
w

L T
K
w

A U U
M V T

B
C
S

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Sol.
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
A' L T
K U'
B' T'
C' L'
A U U

m
T'
M K' V T

B S'

Geometry
C M' U'
V'

co
S

4. Reflect the shape with given line of reflection.

(i) (ii) (iii)
E D

s.
F C M J
A B
T W

(iv)
o
(v)
U V

ok (vi)
L K

U T
ab

L P
S
D
Q R
C
E
M N
ur

Sol.
(i) V' (ii) W' (iii)
E D
.s

F C J' M' M J
A B U' T'
A' B' T W
w

F' C'
E' D'
U V K' L' L K
w

(iv) (v) (vi)

L' M'
w

C'
U T
L P D'
S B'
N' D
Q R
Q' R' E'
C
P' E
S'
M N
U' T' B

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5. Reflect the shape in each of the following pictures with given line of reflection.
(i) (ii) (iii)

m
Unit 4

Sol.
(i) (ii) (iii)

co
s.

ok
6. Rotate the preimages in each case as directed about the red point.
(i) (ii) (iii)

A
o
ab

B C

(iv) (v) (vi)

ur

D B

C
C A
.s

A B B A

C D
w

Sol.
(i) (ii) (iii)
w

C'
A B'
w

A'

B C

(iv) (v) (vi)
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B' D B
D' C' D' C'
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(iv) (v) (vi)

B' D B
D' C' D' C'
C' C
A' C A

m
A' B' A' B'
A B B A

Geometry
co
C D

Identify the transformation:

7.

s.
Sol. Reflection

8.
o ok
ab

Sol. Rotation
9.
ur

Sol. Translation
10. A pool of fish translates from point F to point D.
.s

a. Describe the translation of the pool of fish.

b. Can the fishing boat make the same translation? Explain.
c. Describe a translation the fishing boat could make to get to
w

point D.
Sol. (a) Translation of pool of fish is 7→, 2↓
(b) No, the fishing boat will be landed on the island if translated.
w

(c) To get point D, the translation will be 5→, 3↓

11. Name the transformation that will map footprint A onto the indicated footprint.
w

(i) Footprint B (ii) Footprint C

(iii) Footprint D (iv) Footprint E
Sol. (i) It is translation
(ii) Reflection about horizontal line.
(iii) Reflection about vertical line.
(iv) Rotation about the heel.

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12. In given diagram, the blue figure is an image of the pink figure.
O N

M΄
N΄ L M

m
Unit 4

O΄
L΄

(i) Choose an angle or a vertex from the preimage and name its image.

co
(ii) List all pairs of corresponding sides.
Sol. (i) Image of ∠L is ∠L′, Image of ∠M is ∠M′,
Image of ∠N is ∠N′, Image of ∠O is ∠O′
Image of vertex L is L′, Image of vertex M is ∠M′
Image of vertex N is ∠N′, Image of vertex O is O′

s.
(ii) Corresponding sides are LM and L′M′, MN and M′N′, NO and N′O′ and OL and O′L′
13. In the diagram at the right, the green figure is a translation image of the pink figure.
Write a coordinate rule that describes the translation.
o ok
Sol. The rule bind here in 3→, 1↓
ab

Objective Type Questions

14. A _____ is a turn about a point.
(i) Translation (ii) Rotation (iii) Reflection (iv) Glide Reflection
ur

 [Ans : (ii) Rotation]

15. A _____ is a flip over a line.
(i) Translation (ii) Rotation (iii) Reflection (iv) Glide Reflection
.s

 [Ans : (iii) Reflection]

16. A _____ is a slide; move without turning or flipping the shape.
(i) Translation (ii) Rotation (iii) Reflection (iv) Glide Reflection
w

 [Ans : (i) Translation]

17. The transformation used in the picture is
w

(i) Translation (ii) Rotation

(iii) Reflection (iv) Glide Reflection
w

 [Ans : (ii) Rotation]

18. The transformation used in the picture is
(i) Translation (ii) Rotation
(iii) Reflection (iv) Glide Reflection

 [Ans : (i) Translation]

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19. You must rotate the puzzle piece 270° clockwise about point P to fit it into
a puzzle.
(i) Which piece fits in the puzzle as shown?
(ii)
(i) (ii)
P

m
(iii)
(iii)

Geometry
(iii) (iv)  [Ans : (iii) ]

co
Additional Questions
1. Give some examples of shapes with no line of symmetry.

s.
Sol. 1. A scalene Triangle. 2. The letter F.
2. What is the order of rotational symmetry of the letter N?
Sol. 2

 ok
Circles
The collection of all the points in a plane, which are at a fixed distance from a fixed
point in the plane, is called a circle. The fixed point is called the centre of the circle and
o
the fixed distance is called the radius of the circle.
 If two points on a circle are joined by a line segment, then the line segment is called a
ab

chord of the circle.

 The chord, which passes through the centre of the circle, is called a diameter of the
circle.
 Circles drawn in a plane with a common centre and different radii are called concentric
circles.
ur

 The area between the two concentric circles is known as circular ring
 Width of the circular ring(w) = r2 – r1
.s

Exercise 4.2
1. Draw circles for the following measurements of radius (r)/ diameters(d).
(i) r = 4 cm (ii) d = 12 cm. (iii) r = 3.5 cm
w

(iv) r = 6.5 cm. (v) d = 6 cm

Sol. (i) r = 4cm
w

Step 1 : Market a point ‘O’ on the paper.

Step 2 : Extended the compass distance equal to radius 4 cm.
4 cm
Step 3 : At center ‘O’, helded the compass firmly and placed A
w

the pointed end of the compass. O

Step 4 : Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.

(ii) d = 12 cm
given d = 12 cm
d 12
∴ radius r = = = 6 cm
2 2

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6 cm

m
A
O
Unit 4

co

Step 1 : Marked a point ‘O’ on the paper.
Step 2 : Extended the compass distance equal to radius 6 cm.

s.
Step 3 : At center ‘O’, held the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the
compass.
Step 4 : Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.

ok
(iii) r = 3.5 cm o
3.5 cm
A
O
ab

Step 1 : Market a point ‘O’ on the paper.
ur

Step 2 : Extended the compass distance equal to radius 3.5 cm.

Step 3 : At center ‘O’, held the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the
compass.
Step 4 : Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.
.s

(iv) r = 6.5 cm
w
w

6.5 cm
A
O
w

Step 1 : Market a point ‘O’ on the paper.

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Step 2 : Extended the compass distance equal to radius 6.5 cm.

Step 3 : At center ‘O’, held the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the
compass.
Step 4 : Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.
(v) d = 6 cm

m
d 6
∴ radius r = = = 3 cm
2 2

Geometry
co
3 cm
A
O

s.
ok
Step 1 : Market a point ‘O’ on the paper.
Step 2 : Extended the compass distance equal to radius 3 cm.
Step 3 : At center ‘O’, held the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the
compass.
Step 4 : Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.
o
2. Draw concentric circles for the following measurements of radii / diameters. Find out the
ab

width of each circular ring.

(i) r = 3 cm and r = 5 cm. (ii) r = 3.5 cm and r = 6.5 cm.
(iii) d = 6.4 cm and d = 11.6 cm. (iv) r = 5 cm and r = 7.5 cm.
(v) d = 6.2 cm and r = 6.2 cm. (vi) r = 7.1 cm and d = 12 cm.
Sol. (i) r = 3 cm and r = 5 cm
ur

Rough Diagram

A A
m
.s

3c
m

O 5 cm B
3c

B
5 cm
w

O
w

Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 5 – 3 = 2 cm

w

Step 1 : Drawn a rough diagram and market the given measurements

Step 2 : Taken any point O and marked it as center.
Step 3 : With O as center drawn a circle of radius OA = 3 cm.
Step 4 : With O as center drawn a circle of radius OB = 5 cm. Thus concentric circles C1
and C2 are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 5 – 3 = 2 cm
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(ii) r = 3.5 cm and r = 6.5 cm

Rough Diagram
A
A

m
cm
Unit 4

cm

3.5
O 6.5 cm B

3.5

co
O B
6.5 cm

s.
ok
Step 1 : Drawn a rough diagram and market the given measurements
Step 2 : Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3 : With O as center drawn a circle of radius OA = 3.5 cm.
Step 4 : With O as center drawn a circle of radius OB = 6.5 cm. Thus the concentric
o
circles C1 and C2 are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 6.5 – 3.5 = 3 cm
ab

(iii) d = 6.4 cm and d = 11.6 cm.

d
r=
2
6.4 11.6
r= = 3.2 cm; r = = 5.8 cm
ur

2 2
Rough Diagram

A
.s

cm

A
3.2

m
3. 2c O 5.8 cm B
w

B
O 5.8 cm
w
w

Step 1 : Drawn a rough diagram and market the given measurements

Step 2 : Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3 : With O as center drawn a circle of radius OA = 3.2 cm.
Step 4 : With O as center and drawn a circle of radius OB = 5.8 cm. Thus the concentric
circles C1 and C2 are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 5.8 – 3.2 = 2.6 cm
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(iv) r = 5 cm and r = 7.5 cm.

Rough Diagram

m
A

m
5c
m O 7.5 cm B
5c

Geometry
co
B
O 7.5 cm

s.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
:
:
:
:
ok
Drawn a rough diagram and market the given measurements
Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
With O as center drawn a circle of radius OA = 5 cm.
With O as center drawn a circle of radius OB = 7.5 cm. Thus the concentric
o
circles C1 and C2 are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 7.5 – 5 = 2.5 cm
ab

(v) d = 6.2 cm and r = 6.2 cm.

d
r=
2
ur

6.2
∴r= = 3.1 cm and r = 6.2 cm
2 Rough Diagram

A
.s

cm
A 3.
1
O 6.2 cm B
cm
3.1
w

B
O 6.2 cm
w
w

Step 1 : Drawn a rough diagram and market the given measurements

Step 2 : Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3 : With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OA = 3.1 cm.
Step 4 : With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OB = 6.2 cm. Thus the concentric
circles C1 and C2 are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 6.2 – 3.1 = 3.1 cm

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(vi) r = 7.1 cm and d = 12 cm.

d
r=
2
12
∴ r = = 6 cm and r = 7.1 cm
2

m
Unit 4

Rough Diagram

co
A cm
6
m O 7.1 cm B
6c
B
O 7.1 cm

s.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
:
:
:
ok
Drawn a rough diagram and marked the given measurements
Taken any point O and marked it as center.
o
With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OA = 6 cm.
Step 4 : With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OB = 7.1 cm. Thus concentric circles
ab

C1 and C2 are drawn.

Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 7.1 – 6 = 1.1 cm

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
ur

1. Construct a circle of radius 5.2 cm with center ‘O’.

.s

5.2 cm
w

A
O
w
w

Sol.
Step 1 : Market a point ‘O’ on the paper.
Step 2 : Extended the compass distance equal to radius 5.2 cm.
Step 3 : At center ‘O’, held the compass firmly and placed the pointed end of the compass.
Step 4 : Slowly rotated the compass around to get the circle.

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2. Draw concentric circles with radii 5.2cm and 6.6cm. Find the width of the circular ring.
Sol.
Rough Diagram

m
A cm
2
5.
cm O 6.6 cm B
5.2

Geometry
B

co
O 6.6 cm

s.
Step 1 : Drawn a rough diagram and marked the given measurements
Step 2 : Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3
Step 4

:
:
ok
With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OA = 5.2 cm.
With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OB = 6.6 cm. Thus the concentric
circles C1 and C2 are drawn.
Width of the circular ring = OB – OA = 6.6 – 5.2 = 1.4 cm
o
Exercise 4.3
ab

Miscellaneous Practice problems

1. The bishop, in given picture of chess board, can move
diagonally along dark squares. Describe the translations of
ur

the bishop after two moves as shown in the figure.

Sol. For first move: 2→,2↓; For second move: 5←,5↓
2. Write a possible translation for each of chess piece for a single
.s

move.
w
w

Sol. Pawn – 1↑ or 2↑
w

Rook – 1 to 8 ↑
Knight – 2→,1↑ or 2←,1↑ or1→,2↑ or 1←,2↑
Bishop – 1→,1↑ or 2→,2↑or 3→,3↑or 4→,4↑or 5→5↑1←,1↑ or 2←,2↑ or 3←,3↑ or 4←,4↑
or 5←5↑
Queen – 1 to 8 ↑, 1→, 1↑ or 2→,2↑ or 3→,3↑ or 4→,4↑ or 5→,5↑ or 1←,1↑ or 2←,2↑ or
3←,3↑ or 4←,4↑ or 5←5↑
King – 1→ or ← or ↑
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3. Referring the graphic given, answer the following

questions. Each bar of the category is made up of
boy-girl-boy unit. (i) Which categories show a boy-
girl-boy unit that is translation within the bar? (ii)
Which categories show a boy-girl-boy unit that is

m
reflected within the bar?
Unit 4

Sol. (i) Essay Writing category shows translation

(ii) Essay Writing and Mono Acting categories shows
reflection

co
4. Given figure is a floor design in which the length of the small red
equilateral triangle is 30 cm. All the triangles and hexagons are
regular. Describe the translations in cm, represented by the (i)
yellow line (ii) black line (iii) blue line.

s.
Sol. (i) 120cm→,210cm↓
(ii) 270cm←,330cm↑
(iii) 150 cm→
5.

(i) (ii)
o (iii) ok
Describe the transformation involved in the following pair of
figures (letters). Write translation, reflection or rotation.
(iv)

(v) (vi) (vii) (viii)

ab

Sol. (i) rotation (ii) reflection (iii) translation (iv) reflection

(v) rotation (vi) reflection (vii) rotation. (viii) translation
ur

Challenge problems

6. In chess, a knight can move only in an L-shaped pattern:

.s

● two vertical squares, then one horizontal square;

● two horizontal squares, then one vertical square;
● one vertical square, then two horizontal squares; or
w

● one horizontal square, then two vertical squares.

Write a series of translations to move the knight from g8 to g5 (at most two moves)
Sol. 2←,1↓ and then 1←, 2↓ (or) 2←, 1↓ and then 1←,2↓
w

7. The pink shape is congruent to blue shape. Describe a sequence of transformations in

which the blue shape is the image of pink shape.
(i) (ii)
w

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Sol. (i) T ranslation 3←,5↑ and 90° counter clockwise rotation about the green point and
translates 5←, 2↓
(ii) Translation 2←90° counter clockwise rotation about the green point and translates
2← , 2↓.
8. (i) Draw the translation of the shape (ii) Draw the reflection of the shape

m Geometry
co

(iii) Draw the Rotation of the shape

s.
ok

Sol.
o
ab

9. Draw concentric circles given that radius of inner circle is 4.5 cm and width of circular
ring is 2.5 cm.
Sol. Give radius of inner circle = 4.5 cm
ur

Width of circular ring is 2.5 cm

Radius of outer circle = 4.5 + 2.5 = 7 cm
.s

Rough Diagram
w

A A
cm
cm 4.
5
4.5 O 7 cm B
w

B
O 7 cm
w

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Step 1 : Drawn a rough diagram and marked the given measurements

Step 2 : Taken any point O and marked it as the center.
Step 3 : With O as center and drawn a circle of radius OA = 4.5 cm.
Step 4 : With O as center drawn a circle of radius OB = 4.5 + 2.5 = 7 cm. Thus the
concentric circles C1 and C2 are drawn.

m
Unit 4

Width of the circular ring = OB – OA

= 7 – 4.5 = 2.5 cm
10. Draw concentric circles given that radius of outer circle is 5.3 cm and width of circular

co
ring is 1.8 cm.
Sol. Give radius of outer circle = 5.3 cm
Width of circular ring = 1.8 cm
Radius of the inner circle = 5.3 – 1.8

s.
= 3.5 cm

Rough Diagram

3.5
o
cm
A ok 3.
cm
5
O 5.3 cm
A

B
O B
5.3 cm
ab
ur

Step 1 : Drawn a rough diagram and marked the given measurements

.s

Step 2 : Taken any point O and marked it as the center.

Step 3 : With O as center drawn a circle of radius OA = 3.5 cm.
Step 4 : With O as center, drawn a circle of radius OB = 5.3 cm. Thus concentric circles
w

C1 and C2 are drawn.

Width of the circular ring = OB – OA
= 5.3 – 3.5 = 1.8 cm
w


w

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Unit Test
Time: 1 hr  Max Marks : 25
I. Fill in the blanks.  5×1=5
1. The order of rotational symmetry of a circle is ___________.

m
2. The order of rotational symmetry of a square is __________.
3. The angle of rotation of a rectangle is ________.

Geometry
4. A full turn means a rotation of __________ degrees.

co
5. The default direction of a rotation is in the __________ direction.

II. Answer the following questions. 5 × 2 = 10

6. Find the new position of the point using the translation given

s.
(i) (ii)

4→ 3↑
o
5← 2↓
ok
B

7. How is the pre-image translated to image.

ab

A1
B1

A B
ur

8. What is rotational symmetry and what is the order of rotational symmetry?

9. What is translation symmetry?
.s

10. What is reflection?

III. Answer the following questions. 2 × 5 = 10

w

11. Draw concentric circles of diameters 8 cm and 6 cm.

12. Construct a circle of radius 3.8 cm.
w

Answers
I. 1. infinite 2. 4
w

3. 180° 4. 360°
5. anti clockwise

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II. 6.
B
B1
A1

m
A
Unit 4

7. (i) 5← 4↑ (ii) 3→ 1↑

co
8. 
The total number of times the figure coincides with itself in one complete rotational is
complete rotaion is called the order of rotational symmetry. An object is said to have a
rotational symmetry if it looks the same after being rotated about its centre through an
angle less than 360°.
9. 
Translation symmetry occurs when a pattern slides to a new position. The sliding

s.
movement involves neither rotation not reflection.
10. A reflection is a transformation that ‘flips’ or ‘reflects’ a figure about a line.

ok
III. 11. Diameter = 8cm and 6cm
radius = 4 cm and 3 cm
Rough Diagram
o
A
cm
A 3
m O 4 cm B
ab

3c
O B
4 cm
ur

Width of the circular ring = OB – OA

= 4 – 3
.s

= 1 cm
12.
w

3.8 cm
A
O
w
w



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5
Chapter

Statistics

m
co
Arithmetic Mean
 Based on the purpose, appropriate data has to be collected and organised to find the
representative of data.


s.
Representative of data are also known as measures of central tendency.
 Arithmetic mean is the most commonly used representative of data and is calculated by the
formula.
Sum of all observations

ok
 Arithmetic Mean =
Number of observations
TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 96)

1. Collect the height of students of your class. Organise the data in ascending order.
o
Sol. Height of 15 students in our class.
130cm, 150 cm, 155 cm, 142 cm, 138 cm, 145 cm, 148 cm, 147 cm, 148cm, 143 cm, 141cm,
ab

152 cm, 147 cm, 139 cm, 155 cm.

Ascending order:
130cm, 138cm, 139cm, 141cm, 142cm, 143cm, 145cm, 147cm, 147cm, 148cm,
148 cm, 150cm, 152 cm, 155cm, 155cm.
ur

TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 97)

Find the Arithmetic Mean or average of the following data.

.s

(i) The study time spent by Kathir in a week is 3 hrs, 4 hrs, 5 hrs, 3 hrs, 4 hrs,
3:45 hrs; 4:15 hrs.  3 51
Sol. Arithmetic Mean =
Sum of all observations )
7 27 )
7 360
w

Number of observations 21 35
3 + 4 + 5 + 3 + 4 + 3.45 + 4.15 6 10
=
7 7
27
w

= = 3 hrs 52 min 3
7
mean = 3 : 52 hrs.
w

(ii) The marks scored by Muhil in five subjects are 75, 91, 48, 63, 51.
Sum of all observations
Sol. Arithmetic Mean =
Number of observations
75 + 91+ 48 + 63 + 51 328
= =
5 5
Arithmetic mean = 65.6

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(iii) Money spent on vegetables for five days is ` 120, ` 80, ` 75, ` 95 and ` 86.
Sum of all observations
Sol. Arithmetic Mean =
Number of observations
120 + 80 + 75 + 95 + 86 456
= =
5 5

m
Unit 5

Arithmetic Mean = 91.2

Think

co
(Text book Page No. 99)

Check the properties of arithmetic mean for the example given below:
X 3 6 9 12 15
(i) If the mean is increased by 2, then what happens to the individual observations.

s.
Sol. Given number are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15
Sum of all observations
Arithmetic Mean =
Number of observations

=
If mean is increased by 2 then,
o ok
3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + 15
5

Sum of observations
=
45
5
=9

9 + 2 =
5
ab

Sum of observations = 5 × 11 = 55
Difference in sum = 55 – 45 = 10
∴ Each number is increased by 2 if the mean is increased by 2.
(ii) If first two items are increased by 3 and last two items are reduced by 3, then
ur

what will be the new mean?

Sol. If the first two items is increased by 3, then the numbers will be 3 + 3, 6 + 3 ⇒ 6, 9.
If last two numbers are decreased by 3, then the numbers will be 12 – 3, 15 – 3 ⇒ 9, 12.
.s

6 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 12
∴ Mean of new numbers =
5
45
= = 9
w

5
There is no change in the mean.

Exercise 5.1
w

1. Fill in the blanks.

w

(i) The mean of first ten natural numbers is _______. [Ans : 5.5]
(ii) If the average selling price of 15 books is ` 235, then the total selling price is
_______. [Ans : 3,525]
(iii) The average of the marks 2, 9, 5, 4, 4, 8, 10 is ________. [Ans : 6]
(iv) The average of integers between –10 to 10 is _______. [Ans : 0]

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2. Ages of 15 students in 8th standard is 13, 12, 13, 14, 12, 13, 13, 14, 12, 13, 13, 14, 13, 12,
14. Find the mean age of the students.
Sum of all observations
Sol. Arithmetic Mean =
Number of observations
13 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 12 + 13 + 13 + 14 + 12 + 13 + 13 + 14 + 13 + 12 + 14

m
=
15
195
= = 13

Statistics
15

co
Mean age of the students = 13
3. The marks of 14 students in a science test out of 50 are given below. 34, 23, 10, 45, 44, 47,
35, 37, 41, 30, 28, 32, 45, 39 Find
(i) the mean mark.

s.
(ii) the maximum mark obtained.
(iii) the minimum mark obtained.
Sum of all marks

ok
Sol. (i) Mean marks =
Total number of marks
34 + 23 + 10 + 45 + 44 + 47 + 35 + 37 + 41+ 30 + 28 + 32 + 45 + 39
=
14
o
490
=
14
ab

Mean marks = 35
(ii) Maximum mark obtained = 47
(iii) Minimum mark obtained = 10
4. The mean height of 11 students in a group is 150 cm. The heights of the students
ur

are 154 cm, 145 cm, Y cm, Y + 4 cm, 160 cm, 151 cm, 149 cm, 149 cm, 150 cm,
144 cm and 140 cm. Find the value of Y and the heights of two students.
Sum of heights of all students
Sol. Mean Height =
Number of students
.s

154 + 145 + Y + ( Y + 4) + 160 + 151+ 149 + 149 + 150 + 144 + 140

150 =
11
w

1342 + Y + Y + 4
150 =
11
1346 + 2Y
w

150 =
11
150 × 11 = 1346 + 2Y
1650 = 1346 + 2Y
w

2Y = 1650 – 1346 = 304

304
Y = = 152
2
Height of two students are Y and Y + 4
⇒ 152 and 152 + 4
⇒ 152 cm and 156 cm

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5. The mean of runs scored by a cricket team in the last 10 innings is 276. If the scores
are 235, 400, 351, x, 100, 315, 410, 165, 260, 284, then find the runs scored in the fourth
innings.
Sol. Let the runs scored in the fourth innings be x.
Total runs of all innings
Mean runs scored =

m
number of innings
Unit 5

235 + 400 + 351+ x + 100 + 315 + 410 + 165 + 260 + 284

276 =
10
2520 + x

co
276 =
10
276 × 10 = 2520 + x
2760 = 2520 + x
x = 2760 – 2520 = 240
∴ Number of runs scored in the fourth innings = 240

s.
6. Find the mean of the following data. 5.1, 4.8, 4.3, 4.5, 5.1, 4.7, 4.5, 5.2, 5.4, 5.8, 4.3, 5.6,
5.2, 5.5. Sum of all numbers

ok
Sol. Mean =
Number of values
5.1+ 4.8 + 4.3 + 4.5 + 5.1+ 4.7 + 4.5 + 5.2 + 5.4 + 5.8 + 4.3 + 5.6 + 5.2 + 5.5
=
14
70.0
o
= =5
14
Mean = 5
ab

7. Arithmetic mean of 10 observations was found to be 22. If one more observation 44 was
to be added to the data, what would be the new mean?
Sol. Arithmetic mean of 10 observation is 22.
Sum of all observations
Arithmetic mean =
ur

Number of observations
sum of 10 observations
22 =
10
.s

Sum of 10 observations = 22 × 10 = 220

Now if new number is added, then
Sum of 10 observation + 44
Mean of 11 observations =
w

11
220 + 44 264
= = = 24
11 11
w

New mean = 24

Objective Type Questions

w

8. ________ is a representative value of the entire data.

(1) Mean (2) range
(3) minimum value (4) maximum value [Ans : (1) Mean]

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9. The mean of first fifteen even numbers is _______.

(1) 4 (2) 16 (3) 5 (4) 10 [Ans : (2) 16]
2 + 4 + 6 + .... + 30 2 [ 1+ 2 + 3 + ....15] 120
Hint : = =2× = 16
15 15 15

m
10. The average of two numbers are 20. One number is 24, another number is ______.
(1) 16 (2) 26 (3) 20 (4) 40 [Ans : (1) 16]

Statistics
x+ y

co
Hint : = 20
2
x + y = 40
24 + y = 40
y = 40 – 24 = 16

s.
11. The mean of the data 12, x, 28 is 18. Find the value of x.
(1) 18 (2) 16 (3) 14 (4) 22 [Ans : (3) 14]

ok
12 + x + 28
Hint : = 18
3
x + 40 = 54
x = 14
o
Additional Questions
ab

1. The class scores on an exam are 97, 85, 92, 78 and 90. What is the average score?
Sum of scores
Sol. Average score =
Number of scores
97 + 85 + 92 + 78 + 90
ur

=
5
442
= = 88 .4
5
.s

2. Mean of 20 observations is 27. Find the sum of 20 observations.

Sum of all observations
Sol. Mean =
Number of observations
w

Sum of observation
27 =
20
Sum of observations = 27 × 20
w

Sum of observations = 540

3. Mean of same observations is 15. Their sum is 405. Find the number of values.
w

Sum of all observations

Sol. Mean =
Number of values
405
15 =
Number of values
405
Number of values = = 27
15
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Sura’s  Mathematics 7th Std  5 in 1  Term - III

MODE
 Mode is the value of the data which occurs maximum number of times.
 A data may have more than one mode as well as no mode.
 A data is of large size, mode can be found out after grouping.

m
Unit 5

TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 101)

co
1. Find the mode of the following data. 2, 6, 5, 3, 0, 3, 4, 3, 2, 4, 5, 2
Sol. Arranging the numbers in ascending order we get 0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6
Since 2 and 3 occurs the maximum of 3 times. So mode of this data is 2 and 3.
2. Find the mode of the following data set. 3, 12, 15, 3, 4, 12, 11, 3, 12, 9, 19.

s.
Sol. Arranging the given data in ascending order : 3, 3, 3, 4, 9, 11, 12, 12, 12, 15, 19.
The data 3 and 12 occurs the maximum of 3 times.
So mode of this data is 3 and 12.

ok
3. Find the mode of even numbers within 20.
Sol. Even numbers within 20 are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18.
There is no mode for this data.
o
(Text book Page No. 102)

1. A toy factory making variety of toys for kids, wants to know the most popular toy liked
ab

by all the kids. Which average will be the most appropriate for it?
Sol. Mode.
2. Is there a mode exists between the odd numbers from 20 to 40? Discuss.
Sol. Odd number between 20 to 40 are 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39.
ur

As all numbers occurs only once there is no mode for this data.

(Text book Page No. 103)

.s

Which average will be most aprropriate for the companies producing the following
goods? why?
(i) Diaries and notebooks. (ii) School bags. (iii) Jeans and T-shirts.
Sol. For all the above data mode will be more appropriate.
w

Exercise 5.2
w

1. Find the mode of the following data. 2, 4, 5, 2, 6, 7, 2, 7, 5, 4, 8, 6, 10, 3, 2, 4, 2.

Sol. Arranging the given data in ascending order 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 10.
w

Here the number 2 occurs 5 times which is the maximum.

∴ Mode of this data is 2.

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2. The number of points scored by a Kabaddi team in 20 matches are 36, 35, 27, 28, 29, 31,
32, 31, 35, 38, 38, 31, 28, 31, 34, 33, 34, 31, 30, 29. Find the mode of the points scored by
the team.
Sol. Arranging the given data in ascending order 27, 28, 28, 29, 29, 30, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 32, 33,
34, 34, 35, 35, 36, 38, 38.

m
Here the number 31 occurs 5 times which is the maximum.
∴ Mode of this data is 31.
3. The ages (in years) of 11 cricket players are given below. 25, 36, 39,38 40, 36, 25, 25, 38,

Statistics
co
26, 36. Find the mode of the ages.
Sol. Arranging the ages is ascending order: 25, 25, 25, 26, 36, 36, 36, 36, 38, 38, 39, 40.
25 and 36 occurs maximum number of times.
∴ Mode is 25 and 36.

s.
4. Find the mode of the following data. 12, 14, 12, 16, 15, 13, 14, 18, 19, 12, 14, 15, 16, 15, 16,
16, 15, 17, 13, 16, 16, 15, 15, 13, 15, 17, 15, 14, 15, 13, 15, 14.
Sol. Tabulating the given data

ok
Data Tally marks Frequency
12 ||| 3
13 |||| 4
14 |||| 5
o
15 |||| |||| 10
16 |||| | 6
ab

17 || 2
18 | 1
19 | 1
ur

Total 32
The highest frequency is 10 which corresponds to the value 15.
Hence mode of this data is 15.
.s

Objective Type Questions

5. The colors used by the six students for drawing is blue, orange, yellow, white, green and
w

blue then the mode is _______.

(1) blue (2) green (3) white (4) yellow
 [Ans : (1) blue]
w

6. Find the mode of data 3, 6, 9, 12, 15.

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) No mode
w

 [Ans : (4) No mode]

7. Find the modes of the data 2, 1, 1, 3, 4, 5, 2.
(1) 1 and 5 (2) 2 and 3 (3) 2 and 1 (4) 1 and 4
 [Ans : (3) 2 and 1]

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Sura’s  Mathematics 7th Std  5 in 1  Term - III

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
1. Find the mode of the following data. 1, 2, 5, 7, 3, 4, 2, 5, 7, 6, 2, 3.
Sol. Arranging the data in ascending order: 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 7
Here 2 occurs maximum number of times.

m
Unit 5

∴ Mode is 2.

MEDIAN

co
 Median is the middle most value of the given data.
 To find the median for the given data,
(i) arrange the data in ascending or descending order.

s.
th
æ n + 1ö
(ii) If the number of terms (n) is odd, then çè ÷ term is the median.
2 ø th
th
æ nö æn ö
(iii) If the number of terms (n) is even, then average of çè ÷ø and çè + 1÷ø terms is the

ok
2 2
median.

TRY THESE (Text book Page No. 106)

o
1. Find the median of 3, 8, 7, 8, 4, 5, 6.
Sol. Arranging in ascending order: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8.
ab

Here n = 7, which is odd.

th th
æ n + 1ö æ 7 + 1ö
∴ Median = çè ÷ø term = çè ÷ term
2th 2 ø
æ 8ö
= çè ÷ø term = 4th term = 6
ur

2
Hence the median is 6.
2. Find the median: 11, 14, 10, 9, 14, 11, 12, 6, 7, 7.
Sol. Arranging in ascending order: 6, 7, 7, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12, 14, 14
.s

Here n = 10, which is even.

th th
1 ìæ n ö æn ö ü
∴ Median = 2 íçè 2 ÷ø term + çè 2 + 1÷ø term ý
w

î þ
th th
1 ìæ 10 ö æ 10 ö ü
= íçè ÷ø term + çè + 1÷ø term ý
2î 2 2 þ
w

1 th 1
= {5 term + 6th term} = {10+11}
2 2
1
w

= (21) = 10.5
2
∴ Median = 10.5

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Sura’s  Mathematics 7th Std  5 in 1  Term - III

(Text book Page No. 108)

Complete the table given below and observe it to answer the following questions.
Series Values Mean Median

m
A 99,100,101 100 100
B 90,100,110 100 100

Statistics
C 50,100,150 100 100

co
D 99,100,200 99.99 100
(i) Which are all the series having common mean and median?
Sol. A, B and C.
(ii) Why median is same for all the 4 series?

s.
Sol. Since the middle value is 100.
(iii) How mean is unchanged in the series A, B and C?
Sol. The difference between the given numbers are equal.

series is equal to other series?

ok
(iv) What change is to be made in the data, so that mean and median of ‘D’

Sol. If 99 becomes 0 or 200 becomes 101 then mean becomes 100.

o
Exercise 5.3
ab

1. Fill in the blanks.

(i) The median of the data 12, 14, 23, 25, 34, 11, 42, 45, 32, 22, 44 is _________.
 [Ans : 25]
[Ans : 11]
ur

(ii) The median of first ten even natural numbers is ________.

2. Find the median of the given data: 35, 25, 34, 36, 45, 18, 28.
Sol. Arranging the given data in ascending order 18, 25, 28, 34, 35, 36, 45.
Here the number of observations n = 7, which is odd.
.s

th th
æ n + 1ö æ 7 + 1ö
∴ Median = çè ÷ term = çè ÷ term
2 ø 2 ø
w

th
æ 8ö
= çè ÷ø term = 4th term
2
Hence Median = 34
w

3. The weekly sale of motor bikes in a showroom for the past 14 weeks given below. 10, 6, 8,
3, 5, 6, 4, 7, 12, 13, 16, 10, 4, 7. Find the median of the data.
Sol. Arranging the given data in ascending order 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 10, 10, 12, 13, 16.
w

Here number of data n = 14, which is even

th th
1 ìæ n ö æn ö ü
∴ Median = 2 íçè 2 ÷ø term + çè 2 + 1÷ø term ý
î þ
th th
1 ìæ 14 ö æ 14 ö ü
= íçè ÷ø term + çè + 1÷ø term ý
2î 2 2 þ
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Sura’s  Mathematics 7th Std  5 in 1  Term - III

1
= {7th term + 8th term}
2
1 1
= {7 + 7} = (14) = 7
2 2

m
∴ Median = 7
Unit 5

4. Find the median of the 10 observations 36, 33, 45, 28, 39, 45, 54, 23, 56, 25. If another
observation 35 is added to the above data, what would be the new median?

co
Sol. Arranging the given 10 observations in ascending order 23, 25, 28, 33, 36, 39, 45, 45, 54, 56.
Here number of data n = 10, which is even
th th
1 ìæ n ö æn ö ü
∴ Median = 2 íçè 2 ÷ø term + çè 2 + 1÷ø term ý
î þ

s.
th th
1 ìæ 10 ö æ 10 ö ü
= íçè ÷ø term + çè + 1÷ø term ý
2î 2 2 þ
1 1

ok
= {5th term + 6th term} = {36 + 39}
2 2
1
= (75) = 37.5
2
o
∴ Median = 37.5

If 35 is added to the above data then it will be the 5th term then number of data
ab

n = 11, odd
th th
æ n + 1ö æ 11+ 1ö
∴ Median = çè ÷ term = çè ÷ term
2 ø 2 ø
th
æ 12 ö
ur

= çè ÷ø term = 6th term

2
New median = 36
.s

Objective Type Questions

5. If the median of a, 2a, 4a, 6a, 9a is 8, then find the value of a is
w

(i) 8 (ii) 6 (iii) 2 (iv) 10 [Ans : (iii) 2]

Hint : a , 2a , 4a, 6a , 9a
Median = 4a = 8
w

a = 2
6. The median of the data 24, 29, 34, 38, 35 and 30, is_____________
w

(i) 29 (ii) 30 (iii) 34 (iv) 32 [Ans : (iv) 32]

Hint : 24 , 29 , 30, 34, 35 , 38
30 + 34 64
Median = = = 32
2 2

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7. The median first 6 odd natural numbers is ________

(i) 6 (ii) 7 (iii) 8 (iv) 14 [Ans : (i) 6]
Hint : 1 , 3 , 5, 7, 9 , 11
5+ 7 12
Median = = =6

m
2 2

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Statistics
co
1. Find the median of the data 1, 3, 7, 16, 0, 19, 7, 4, 3.
Sol. Arranging the given data in ascending order: 0, 1, 3, 3, 4, 7, 7, 16, 19
Number of terms n = 9, which is odd.

s.
th
æ n + 1ö
∴ Median = çè ÷ term
2 ø
th th
æ 9 + 1ö æ 10 ö
= çè ÷ term = çè ÷ø term

ok
2 ø 2
= 5th term
Hence Median = 4
2. Find the median of first 10 even number.
o
Sol. First 10 even numbers are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20.
Here number of data n = 10, which is even
ab

th th
1 ìæ n ö æn ö ü
∴ Median = 2 íçè 2 ÷ø term + çè + 1÷ø
2
term ý
î þ
th th
1 ìæ 10 ö æ 10 ö ü
= íçè ÷ø term + çè + 1÷ø term ý
ur

2î 2 2 þ
1 1 1
= {5th term + 6th term} = {10 + 12} = (22)
2 2 2
∴ Median = 11
.s

Exercise 5.4
w

Miscellaneous Practice problems

w

1. Arithmetic mean of 15 observations was calculated as 85. In doing so an observation was

wrongly taken as 73 for 28. What would be correct mean?
Sum of all observations
Sol. Arithmetic mean =
w

Number of observations
Sum of 15 observation
85 =
15
85 × 15 = sum of 15 observations
1275 = sum of 15 observations

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Wrong observation = 73
Correct observation = 28
Sum - Wrong value + Correct value
∴ Correct Mean =
Number of obervation
1275 -73 + 28 1202 + 28 1230

m
= = = = 82
Unit 5

15 15 15
Correct mean = 82

co
2. Find the median of 25, 16, 15, 10, 8, 30.
Sol. Arranging is ascending order : 8, 10, 15, 16, 25, 30
Here n = 6, even
th th
1 ìæ n ö æn ö ü
∴ Median = 2 íçè 2 ÷ø term + çè 2 + 1÷ø term ý

s.
î þ
th th
1 ìæ 6 ö æ6 ö ü
í
= çè ÷ø term + çè + 1÷ø term ý
2î 2 2 þ

3.

1 rd o 1
2
∴ Median = 15.5
1
2
ok
= {3 term + 4th term} = {15 + 16} = (31) = 15.5
2

Find the mode of 2, 5, 5, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 5, 3.

Sol. Arranging the data in ascending order: 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5
ab

Here 2, 3 and 5 occurs 3 times each.

Which is the maximum number of times.
∴ Mode is 2, 3 and 5.
4. The marks scored by the students in social test out of 20 marks are as follows.
12, 10, 8, 18, 14, 16. Find the mean and the median?
ur

Sol. Arranging the given data in ascending order: 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18.
Sum of all observations
Mean =
Number of observations
.s

8 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 16 + 18 78
= =
6 6
Mean = 13
w

There are n = 6 observations, which is even

th th
1 ìæ n ö æn ö ü
∴ Median = 2 íçè 2 ÷ø term + çè 2 + 1÷ø term ý
w

î þ
th th
1 ìæ 6 ö æ6 ö ü
= íçè ÷ø term + çè + 1÷ø term ý
2î 2 2 þ
w

1 th
= {3 term + 4th term}
2
1 1
= {8 + 18} = (26) = 13
2 2
∴ Median = 13

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5. The number of goals scored by a football team is given below. Find the mode and median
for the data of 2, 3, 2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 2, 4, 1, 6.
Sol. Arranging the given data in ascending order: 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 6, 6
Clearly 2 occurs at the maximum of 3 times and so mode = 2
Here number of data of data n = 11, odd.

m
th
æ n + 1ö
∴ Median = çè ÷ term
2 ø

Statistics
th th
æ 11+ 1ö æ 12 ö

co
= çè ÷ term = çè ÷ø term
2 ø 2
= 6th term
Median = 3
6. Find the mean and mode of 6, 11, 13, 12, 4, 2.

s.
Sol. Arranging is ascending order : 2, 4, 6, 11, 12, 13
Sum of all observations
Mean =
Number of observations

Mean =
o 48
6
=8 ok
2 + 4 + 6 + 11+ 12 + 13
6

All observation occurs only once and so there is no mode for this date.
ab

Challenge Problems

7. The average marks of six students is 8. One more student mark is added and the mean is
still 8. Find the student mark that has been added.
ur

Sum of all observations

Sol. Average =
Number of observations
Sum of observation
8 =
6
.s

Sum of observation = 6 × 8
= 48
If one more mark is added then number of observations = 6 + 1 = 7
Let the number be x
w

Still average = 8
48 + x
∴ 8 =
7
48 + x = 7 × 8
w

48 + x = 56
48 + x = 56 – 48
w

x = 8
∴ The number that is added = 8

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8. Calculate the mean, mode and median for the following data: 
22, 15, 10, 10, 24, 21.
Sol. Arranging in ascending order: 10, 10, 15, 21, 22, 24
Sum of all observations
Mean =
Number of observations

m
10 + 10 + 15 + 21+ 22 + 24
Unit 5

=
102 6
= = 17
6

co
Here n = 6, even
th th
1 ìæ n ö æn ö ü
∴ Median = 2 íçè 2 ÷ø term + çè 2 + 1÷ø term ý
î þ
th th
1 ìæ 6 ö æ6 ö ü
= íçè ÷ø term + çè + 1÷ø term ý

s.
2î 2 2 þ
1 th 1
= {3 term + 4th term} = {15 + 21}
2 2

ok
1
= (36)
2
∴ Median = 18
Clearly the data 10 occurs maximum number of times and so 10 is the mode.
o
∴ Mode = 10
9. Find the median of the given data: 14, −3, 0, −2, −8, 13, −1, 7.
ab

Sol. Arranging the data is ascending order: –8, –3, –2, –1, 0, 7, 13, 14
Here number of data n = 8, even
th th
1 ìæ n ö æn ö ü
∴ Median = 2 íçè 2 ÷ø term + çè 2 + 1÷ø term ý
î þ
ur

th th
1 ìæ 8 ö æ8 ö ü
= íçè ÷ø term + çè + 1÷ø term ý
2î 2 2 þ
1 th
.s

= {4 term + 5th term}

2
1 1
= {–1 + 0} = (–1) = – 0.5
2 2
w

∴ Median = – 0.5
10. Find the mean of first 10 prime numbers and first 10 composite numbers.
w

Sol. First 10 prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29
Sum of all data
Mean =
number of data
w

2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11+ 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29
=
10
129
=
10

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Mean = 12.9
Mean of first 10 prime numbers = 12.9
First 10 composite numbers are 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18
4 + 6 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 15 + 16 + 18
Mean =

m
10
112
=
10

Statistics
= 11.2

co
Mean of first 10 composite numbers = 11.2


Unit Test

s.
Time: 1 hr  Max Marks : 25
I. Fill in the blanks.  5×1=5
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mode of 9, 8, 15, 8, 20 is ________. ok
Mean of 19, 21, 18, 17, 18, 22, 46 is _________.
Median of 19, 21, 18, 17, 18, 22, 46 is ________.

Mode of 36, 38, 33, 34, 32, 30, 34, 35 is _________.

o
5. Median of 36, 38, 33, 34, 32, 30, 34, 35 is _________.
ab

II. Answer the following questions. 5 × 2 = 10

6. Find the mean 50, 40, 5, 50, 2, 30, 80, 6, 50.
7. Find the mode 1, 5, 3, 4, 2, 5, 5, 3, 6, 2, 1, 3, 2, 5, 4, 3, 3, 5
8. Find the median of 1, 5, 3, 5, 1, 3, 4, 1, 2.
ur

9. The mean height of 5 children is 1.63m. If another child who is 1.75m tall joined this group
find the mean height?
10. Find the median of 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 12, 13.
.s

III. Answer the following questions. 2 × 5 = 10

11. Find the mean median and mode of 13, 18, 13, 14, 13, 16, 14, 21, 13.
w

12. Find the mean, median, mode of 1, 2, 4, 7.

Answers
w

I. 1. 23 2. 19 3. 8 4. 34 5. 34
II. 6. 34.78 7. 3 and 5 8. 3 9. 1.65 m
w

10.
10.5
III. 11. Mean = 15, Median = 14, Mode = 8
12. Mean = 3.5, Median = 3, Mode = None.


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Information
6
Chapter

Processing

m
co
 The process that involves deciding of the ordering of tasks and allocating of appropriate
resources among the different type of possible tasks is called scheduling.
 Whatever activity a human being or machine does for achieving a specified objective comes
under problem solving.

s.
 A flowchart is a pictorial representation and it gives an idea of instructions to perform a task
or calculation.

ok
Shape Name Meaning
Flowline Used to connect shapes and indicates the flow of
instructions.
Terminal Used to represent the start and End of the task.
o
Input / Output Used to the instruction to be read or displayed are
described inside.
ab

Processing Used for calculating or indicating normal process of

flow step.
Decision Used for any logic or comparison of an operation. The
ur

flow direction chosen depends on whether answer to the

question is “yes” or “no”.
 A flow chart describes the operations and in what sequence the problem is to be solved.
.s

Exercise 6.1
1. Match the following:
w

S. No. Symbols Uses

1. Input / Output
w

2. c=a+b

3. Start / End
w

4. a >= 0

5. It shows direction of flow

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Sol.
S. No. Symbols Uses
1. Input / Output

2. c=a+b

m
3. Start / End

co
4. a >= 0

s.
5. It shows direction of flow
2. The steps of withdrawing cash from your saving bank account using ATM card are
explained in the figures given below. Construct an appropriated flow chart.
(i) o ok Insert a ATM debit /credit card

(ii) Select your language

ab

(iii) Select your transaction

ur

(iv) Select your account type

.s
w

(v) Enter the pin number

w

(vi) Enter the amount do you want to

w

withdraw

(vii) Collect your money

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Sol. Algorithm: Sol. Start

(i) Swipe your bank Debit card / credit

card. Login your web browser
Start
Select prepaid or
postpaid

m
Insert a ATM card
Unit 6

Enter mobile number

Select your language

co
Select your plan

Select Withdraw money

Enter the amount

s.
Select Savings Proceed to recharge

End

Enter Pin number 4.

ok
Complete the direction of the flowchart
using arrows for the flow chart
explaining the traffic rule given below.
Enter the amount
o
Collect your cash

ab

Flowchart
End Start

(ii) Select banking Input Signal

(iii) Select language

(iv) Select transaction
ur

Signal = Signal = No

(v) Enter your PIN

red yellow

(vi) Enter the required amount

Yes

(vii) Collect your money

Print Print Print
“Stop” “Wait” “Go”
.s

3. Using given step by step process

End
to recharge mobile phone, draw a
sequence flowchart. Sol.
w

Step by Step process Flowchart

• Login the mobile recharge web Start

browser
w

• Select prepaid or postpaid Input Signal

• Enter mobile number

• Select operator and browse plans to
w

Signal = No Signal =
choose your recharge plan red yellow
No

• Enter amount to recharge Yes Yes

• Proceed to recharge
Print Print Print
“Stop” “Wait” “Go”

End

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5. Complete the given flowchart, input Flowchart

names of things and check whether it is
living or non - living.
Flowchart

m Information Processing
Input Name

a = Living thing
b = Non living thing

co
Flowchart
No
Name = a
Yes Sol. (i)
Start

Input T, E, M, S, SS

s.
Sol. Input name Horse
Horse = a
Average = (T + E + M + S + SS) / 5
Yes
Print Living thing
Flowchart

Start

Input Name
o ok Print “Average”

End

a = “Living thing” Flowchart

b = “ Non living thing” (ii)
ab

No Yes
Name = a
No Average Yes
> 75
Print “b” Print “a”
ur

End
Print
“Try to get
Print
“Very good”
6. Complete the given flowchart. more marks”
(i) Fill in the flow chart to print the
.s

average mark by giving your I

term or II term marks as inputs. End
Flowchart
w

7. A merchant calculates the cost price

Input T, E, M, S, SS (CP) and the selling price (SP) of the
product bought by him. Construct the
w

Average = (T + E + M + S + SS) / 5
flow chart to print ‘PROFIT’ if the
selling price (SP) is more than the cost
price (CP) or else ‘LOSS’.
w

Sol. First we have to input the cost price and

(ii) Construct the flow chart to print selling price. Then we check whether
teachers comment as “very good” cost price less than selling price. If S.P >
if your average mark is above CP, then print “PROFIT” otherwise print
75 out of 100 or else, as “still try ‘Loss’.
more” can be inserted in the flow
chart with earlier one.
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Algorithm: Algorithm:
(i) Enter cost price (i) Read principal
(ii) Enter selling price (ii) Read years
(iii) Checking whether CP < SP (iii) Read rate of interest per year
(iv) If Yes print ‘PROFIT’ (iv) Calculate the interest with formula

m
Interest = Principal × Years
Unit 6

(v) If No print ‘Loss’ × Rate / 100

Flowchart (v) Print Interest

co
Start 2. Draw a flowchart to convert the
given Fahrenheit temperature to
5
Input CP, SP Celsius. Formula is C = × (F – 32)
9
Sol. Algorithm:

s.
(i) Read temperature in Fahrenheit
No Amount = Yes (ii) Calculate temperature in Celsius
CP < SP
5

ok
using formula C = × (F – 32)
9
Print Print (iii) Print C
“Loss” “ ”
Start
o
End
Read F
ab

Additional Questions
5
1. Draw a flowchart to calculate simple C= × (F – 32)
interest for your bank deposit.
9
ur

Sol. Flow Chart:

Start Print C
.s

Input principal

End
Input years
w

Input Rate

w

Compute Interest = Principal × Years × Rate / 100

w

Print Interest

End

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Sura’s  Mathematics 7th Std  5 in 1  Term - III

Unit Test
Time: 1 hr  Max Marks : 25
I. Answer the following questions. 5 × 5 = 25
1. Draw a flowchart to determine whether a student passed the exam or not. If average of 5 marks

m
≥ 50, he passed.

Information Processing
2. Draw a flowchart to find the area and perimeter of a square.
3. Draw a flowchart to find the area and perimeter of a rectangle.
4. Draw a flow chart to find the sum of two numbers.

co
5. Draw a flow chart to find the perimeter of a triangle.

Answers Start

I. 1. 2.

s.
Start
Input the value side
Input M1, M2, M3, M4, M5
Area = Side × Side

ok
Average = (M1 + M2+ M3 + M4 + M5) / 5
Perimeter= 4 × Side
if Average
Yes No
< 50
Print Area
Print “FAIL” Print “PASS”
o
Print Perimeter
End
ab

Stop

3. Start 4. Start

Input Length, breadth Enter the number A

ur

Area = Length × breadth Enter the number B

Perimeter = 2 × (Length + breadth)

.s

Sum = A + B

Print Area
Print sum
w

Print Perimeter
End

End
w

5. Start

Enter sides A, B, C
w

Perimeter = A + B + C

Print Perimeter

End


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Sura’s  Mathematics 7th Std  5 in 1  Term - III

Sura’s Model Summative Question paper Term III - 2019-20

7 STD
Reg. No.

Time : 2.00 hrs. MATHEMATICS Marks : 60

m
Part - A
Sura’s Model Summative Question paper Term III - 2019-20

I. Choose the correct answer : 5×1= 5

1. 7.0 – 2.83 = ?
(i) 3.47 (ii) 4.17 (iii) 7.34 (iv) 4.73

co
2. (5 + 20)(−20 − 5) = ?
(i) –425 (ii) 375 (iii) –625 (iv) 0
3. Kavin scored 15 out of 25 in a test. The percentage of his marks is
(i) 60% (ii) 15% (iii) 25% (iv) 15/25

s.
4. The transformation used in the picture is
(i) Translation (ii) Rotation
(iii) Reflection (iv) Glide Reflection
5.

II.
period is
(i) ` 500
Say true or false :
(ii) ` 200
o ok
The interest for a principle of ` 4,500 which gives an amount of ` 5,000 at end of certain

(iii) 20% (iv) 15%

5×1= 5
6. 2 2
(a − 1) = a − 1. 7. 2 2 2 2
(x + y )(y + x ) = (x + y ) 2 2 2

8. (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 +2ab 9. Linear inequation has almost one solution.

ab

10. When x is an integer, the solution set for x ≤ 0 are −1, −2,..
III. Match the following : 5×1= 5
11. 39.814 ≈ 39.8 (i) Rounded to hundredth place
ur

12 35.0014 ≈ 35.001 (ii) Rounded to ten thousandth place

13. 21.805  21.81 (iii) Rounded to nearest whole number
14. 8.71 ≈ 9 (iv) Rounded to thousandth place
.s

15. 61.00208 ≈ 61.00221 (v) Rounded to tenth place

IV. Fill in the blanks : 5×1= 5
2
16. The factors of x − 4x + 4 are_______________.
w

17. (p – q)2 =_____________.

18. The mean of first ten natural numbers is _______.
19. The average of integers between –10 to 10 is _______.
w

20. The median of the data 12, 14, 23, 25, 34, 11, 42, 45, 32, 22, 44 is _________.
Part - B
w

V. Answer any 10 questions :  10×2= 20

21. Add the following by using place value grid. 25.8 + 18.53
22. Find the area of the rectangle whose length is 23.7 cm and breadth is 15.2 cm.
23. Iniyan bought 5 dozen eggs. Out of that 5 dozen eggs, 10 eggs are rotten. Express the number
of good eggs as percentage.
24. Write each of the following percentage as decimal.
(i) 21% (ii) 93.1%
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25. Out of total 120 teachers of a school 70 were 39. In what time will ` 17800 amount to `
male. Express the number of male teachers 19936 at 6% per annum?
as percentage. 40. Solve the following inequations and
26. Kumaran worked 7 months out of the year. represent the solution on the number line:
What percentage of the year did he work? 
3m − 5 ≤ 2m + 1, m is an integer.

m
27. Consider a square shaped paddy field with

Sura’s Model Summative Question paper Term III - 2019-20

side of 48 m. A pathway with uniform 41. Write a possible translation for each of
breadth is surrounded the square field and chess piece for a single move.
the length of the outer side is 52 m. Can

co
you find the area of the pathway by using
identities?
28. Simplify: (a + b)2 − 4ab.
29. Using identity, find the value of (4.9)2
30. Find the new position of each point using

s.
the translation given.
2 →, 4 ↓ 42. Arithmetic mean of 10 observations was
found to be 22. If one more observation 44

ok
A
was to be added to the data, what would be
the new mean?
43. Construct the flow chart to print teachers
comment as “very good” if your average
mark is above 75 out of 100 or else, as “still
o
try more” can be inserted in the flow chart
31. Give some examples of shapes with no line with earlier one.
ab

of symmetry. Flowchart

32. Ages of 15 students in 8th standard is 13,

12, 13, 14, 12, 13, 13, 14, 12, 13, 13, 14, 13,
12, 14. Find the mean age of the students.
ur

33. The ages (in years) of 11 cricket players are

given below. 25, 36, 39,38 40, 36, 25, 25,
38, 26, 36. Find the mode of the ages.
34. Find the median of the data 1, 3, 7, 16, 0,
.s

19, 7, 4, 3.
35. Find the median of the given data: 14, −3,
0, −2, −8, 13, −1, 7.
Part - D
w

Part - C VII. Answer any one question : 1×5= 5

VI. Answer any 5 questions :
 5×3= 15 44. Draw concentric circles for the following
w

measurements of radii / diameters. Find out

36. Sulaiman bought 3.350 kg of Potato, 2.250 the width of each circular ring. d = 6.4 cm
kg of Tomato and some onions. If the and d = 11.6 cm.
weight of the total items are 10.250 kg, then 45. Draw concentric circles for the following
w

find the weight of onions? measurements of radii / diameters. Find out

37. Simplify the following. (i) 18.9 ÷ 1000, the width of each circular ring. r = 7.1 cm
(ii) 0.87 ÷ 1000 and d = 12 cm.
38. In how much time will the simple interest
on ` 3,000 at the rate of 8% per annum be
the same as simple interest on `4,000 at
12% per annum for 4 years?
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Answers
Part - A
I. 1. (ii) 4.17 2. (iii) –625
3. (i) 60% 4. (ii) Rotation

m
5. (i) `500
Sura’s Model Summative Question paper Term III - 2019-20

II. 6. False 7. True

8. False 9.  False

co
10. False
11. 39.814 ≈ 39.8
III. - Rounded to tenth place
12. 35.0014 ≈ 35.001 - Rounded to thousandth place
13. 21.805  21.81 - Rounded to hundredth place
14. 8.71 ≈ 9 - Rounded to nearest whole number

s.
15. 61.00208 ≈ 61.00221 - Rounded to ten thousandth place
IV. 16. (x – 2) and (x – 2) 17. p2 – 2pq + q2
18. 5.5 19. 0
20. 25

22.
23.
Part - B
V. 21. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -1.2 Q.No. 2
Refer Sura Guide Chapter -1.3 Q.No. 3
o
Refer Sura Guide Chapter -2.1 Q.No. 7
ok
24. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -2.1 Q.No. 1
25. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -2.5 Q.No. 3
ab

26. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -2, Challenge Problems Q.No. 16

27. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -3 Trythis TB Page No.58
28. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -3.1 Q.No. 8
29. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -3.3 Q.No. 1 (i)
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30. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -4.1Q.No. 1 (i)

31. Refer Sura Guide Chapter - 4.1 (A) Q.No. 1
32. Refer Sura Guide Chapter - 5.1 Q.No. 2
33.
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Refer Sura Guide Chapter - 5.2 Q.No. 3

34. Refer Sura Guide Chapter - 5.3 (A) Q.No. 1
35. Refer Sura Guide Chapter - 5, Challenge Problems Q.No. 9
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Part - C
VI. 36. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -1.2 Q.No. 6
37. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -1.4 Q.No. 4 (i), (ii)
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38. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -2.5 Q.No. 13

39. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -2.4 Q.No. 6
40. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -3.2 Q.No. 4 (iv)
41. Refer Sura Guide Chapter - 4.3 Q.No. 2
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42. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -5.1 Q.No. 7

43. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -6.1 Q.No. 6 (ii)
Part - D
VII. 44. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -4.2 Q.No. 2 (iii)
45. Refer Sura Guide Chapter -4.2 Q.No. 2 (vi)
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