BIKE-RENTAL-PORTAL

MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(Ludhiana College of Engineering & Technology)

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Rohit Kumar (1807482) Er. Tejinder Kaur

Department of Computer Science Engineering Ludhiana College of

Engineering & Technology, Katani Kalan, Ludhiana, 141006

ABSTRACT

1|Page
 facing the growth of urban mobility in the
city of
Sfax and the problems of traffic, congestion
and pollution, the
development of active transportation has
become an
unavoidable solution. In this context, a study
on the promotion
of the bike use at Sfax City is launched for
the first time. The
study is based on a survey done with a
sample of 500 citizens.
The first part of this work is addressed to
know the traveling
habits of citizens in order to better
understand the state of the
current use of the bike at Sfax. The second
part is dedicated for
the identification of factors influencing the
choice of bike’s
rental through LOGIT model.

2|Page
facing the growth of urban mobility in the
city of
Sfax and the problems of traffic, congestion
and pollution, the
development of active transportation has
become an
unavoidable solution. In this context, a study
on the promotion
of the bike use at Sfax City is launched for
the first time. The
study is based on a survey done with a
sample of 500 citizens.
The first part of this work is addressed to
know the traveling
habits of citizens in order to better
understand the state of the
current use of the bike at Sfax. The second
part is dedicated for
the identification of factors influencing the
choice of bike’s
rental through LOGIT model.

3|Page
facing the growth of urban mobility in the
city of
Sfax and the problems of traffic, congestion
and pollution, the
development of active transportation has
become an
unavoidable solution. In this context, a study
on the promotion
of the bike use at Sfax City is launched for
the first time. The
study is based on a survey done with a
sample of 500 citizens.
The first part of this work is addressed to
know the traveling
habits of citizens in order to better
understand the state of the
current use of the bike at Sfax. The second
part is dedicated for
the identification of factors influencing the
choice of bike’s
rental through LOGIT model.

4|Page
facing the growth of urban mobility in the
city of
Sfax and the problems of traffic, congestion
and pollution, the
development of active transportation has
become an
unavoidable solution. In this context, a study
on the promotion
of the bike use at Sfax City is launched for
the first time. The
study is based on a survey done with a
sample of 500 citizens.
The first part of this work is addressed to
know the traveling
habits of citizens in order to better
understand the state of the
current use of the bike at Sfax. The second
part is dedicated for
the identification of factors influencing the
choice of bike’s
rental through LOGIT model.

5|Page
facing the growth of urban mobility in the
city of
Sfax and the problems of traffic, congestion
and pollution, the
development of active transportation has
become an
unavoidable solution. In this context, a study
on the promotion
of the bike use at Sfax City is launched for
the first time. The
study is based on a survey done with a
sample of 500 citizens.
The first part of this work is addressed to
know the traveling
habits of citizens in order to better
understand the state of the
current use of the bike at Sfax. The second
part is dedicated for
the identification of factors influencing the
choice of bike’s
rental through LOGIT model.

6|Page
facing the growth of urban mobility in the
city of
Sfax and the problems of traffic, congestion
and pollution, the
development of active transportation has
become an
unavoidable solution. In this context, a study
on the promotion
of the bike use at Sfax City is launched for
the first time. The
study is based on a survey done with a
sample of 500 citizens.
The first part of this work is addressed to
know the traveling
habits of citizens in order to better
understand the state of the
current use of the bike at Sfax. The second
part is dedicated for
the identification of factors influencing the
choice of bike’s
rental through LOGIT model.

7|Page
facing the growth of urban mobility in the
city of
Sfax and the problems of traffic, congestion
and pollution, the
development of active transportation has
become an
unavoidable solution. In this context, a study
on the promotion
of the bike use at Sfax City is launched for
the first time. The
study is based on a survey done with a
sample of 500 citizens.
The first part of this work is addressed to
know the traveling
habits of citizens in order to better
understand the state of the
current use of the bike at Sfax. The second
part is dedicated for
the identification of factors influencing the
choice of bike’s
rental through LOGIT model.

8|Page
facing the growth of urban mobility in the
city of
Sfax and the problems of traffic, congestion
and pollution, the
development of active transportation has
become an
unavoidable solution. In this context, a study
on the promotion
of the bike use at Sfax City is launched for
the first time. The
study is based on a survey done with a
sample of 500 citizens.
The first part of this work is addressed to
know the traveling
habits of citizens in order to better
understand the state of the
current use of the bike at Sfax. The second
part is dedicated for
the identification of factors influencing the
choice of bike’s
rental through LOGIT model.

9|Page
facing the growth of urban mobility in the
city of
Sfax and the problems of traffic, congestion
and pollution, the
development of active transportation has
become an
unavoidable solution. In this context, a study
on the promotion
of the bike use at Sfax City is launched for
the first time. The
study is based on a survey done with a
sample of 500 citizens.
The first part of this work is addressed to
know the traveling
habits of citizens in order to better
understand the state of the
current use of the bike at Sfax. The second
part is dedicated for
the identification of factors influencing the
choice of bike’s
rental through LOGIT model.

10 | P a g e
facing the growth of urban mobility in the
city of
Sfax and the problems of traffic, congestion
and pollution, the
development of active transportation has
become an
unavoidable solution. In this context, a study
on the promotion
of the bike use at Sfax City is launched for
the first time. The
study is based on a survey done with a
sample of 500 citizens.
The first part of this work is addressed to
know the traveling
habits of citizens in order to better
understand the state of the
current use of the bike at Sfax. The second
part is dedicated for
the identification of factors influencing the
choice of bike’s
rental through LOGIT model.

11 | P a g e
facing the growth of urban mobility in the
city of
Sfax and the problems of traffic, congestion
and pollution, the
development of active transportation has
become an
unavoidable solution. In this context, a study
on the promotion
of the bike use at Sfax City is launched for
the first time. The
study is based on a survey done with a
sample of 500 citizens.
The first part of this work is addressed to
know the traveling
habits of citizens in order to better
understand the state of the
current use of the bike at Sfax. The second
part is dedicated for
the identification of factors influencing the
choice of bike’s
rental through LOGIT model.

12 | P a g e
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16 | P a g e
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21 | P a g e
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22 | P a g e
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23 | P a g e
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24 | P a g e
hrjdjhsaknj watg
rjquarjcjet, tgje
kff`aem ihe kj  facing
the growth of urban mobility in the city of
Sfax and the problems of traffic, congestion
and pollution, the
development of active transportation has
become an
unavoidable solution. In this context, a study
on the promotion
of the bike use at Sfax City is launched for
the first time. The
study is based on a survey done with a
sample of 500 citizens.
The first part of this work is addressed to
know the traveling
habits of citizens in order to better
understand the state of the
25 | P a g e
current use of the bike at Sfax. The second
part is dedicated for
the identification of factors influencing the
choice of bike’s
rental through LOGIT model.
facing the growth of urban mobility in the
city of
Sfax and the problems of traffic, congestion
and pollution, the
development of active transportation has
become an
unavoidable solution. In this context, a study
on the promotion
of the bike use at Sfax City is launched for
the first time. The
study is based on a survey done with a
sample of 500 citizens.
The first part of this work is addressed to
know the traveling
habits of citizens in order to better
understand the state of the

26 | P a g e
current use of the bike at Sfax. The second
part is dedicated for
the identification of factors influencing the
choice of bike’s
rental through LOGIT model.
facing the growth of urban mobility in the
city of
Sfax and the problems of traffic, congestion
and pollution, the
development of active transportation has
become an
unavoidable solution. In this context, a study
on the promotion
of the bike use at Sfax City is launched for
the first time. The
study is based on a survey done with a
sample of 500 citizens.
The first part of this work is addressed to
know the traveling
habits of citizens in order to better
understand the state of the

27 | P a g e
current use of the bike at Sfax. The second
part is dedicated for
the identification of factors influencing the
choice of bike’s
rental through LOGIT model.
facing the growth of urban mobility in the
city of
Sfax and the problems of traffic, congestion
and pollution, the
development of active transportation has
become an
unavoidable solution. In this context, a study
on the promotion
of the bike use at Sfax City is launched for
the first time. The
study is based on a survey done with a
sample of 500 citizens.
The first part of this work is addressed to
know the traveling
habits of citizens in order to better
understand the state of the

28 | P a g e
current use of the bike at Sfax. The second
part is dedicated for
the identification of factors influencing the
choice of bike’s
rental through LOGIT model.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am highly grateful to, Dr. Pawan Kumar, Principal, Ludhiana College of Engineering and
Technology, katani kalan (LCET), Ludhiana, for providing this opportunity to carry out the
Six-Month industrial training.

29 | P a g e
The constant guidance and encouragement received from Prof. Tejinder Kaur, LCET, Katani
Kalan has been of great help in carrying out the project work and is acknowledged with
reverential thanks.

They would like to express a deep sense of gratitude and thanks profusely to Mr.
MANJINDER SINGH, CEO of Company. Without the wise counsel and able guidance, it
would have been impossible to complete the report in this manner.

I also express gratitude to other faculty members of Computer Science Engineering

department of LCET for their intellectual support throughout the course of this work. Finally,
I express my indebtedness to all who have directly or indirectly contributed to the successful
completion of my training.

Rohit Kumar
1807482
B. Tech {CSE}

LIST OF FIGURES

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

INTRODUCTION 0.6

30 | P a g e
TECHNOLOGY-DISCRIPTION 0.8
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE 1.6
HOME PAGE 2.4
BOOKS PAGE 2.5
ELECTRONICS PAGE 2.6
FURNITURE PAGE 2.7
FASHION PAGE 2.8
MY CART PAGE 2.9
LOGIN MODULE 3.0
TRACK ORDER MODULE 3.1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

31 | P a g e
ABSTRACT 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LIST OF FIGURES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
………..

CHAPTER 2: REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS AND SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

………….

CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM DESIGN

………….

CHAPTER 4: IMPLEMENTATION, TESTING

…………..

CHAPTER 5: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

……………

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

……………

32 | P a g e
 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

Bike Rental Portal

Use of Bike Rental Portal

Shopping Cart System is the Simple shopping Solution. It's a full-featured website and
shopping cart system that bends over backwards to give you the flexibility you need to run
your online store. The basic concept of the application is to allow the customer to shop
virtually using the Internet and allow customers to buy the items and articles of their desire
from the store. The information pertaining to the products are stores on an RDBMS at the
server side (store). The Server process the customers and the items are shipped to the address
submitted by them. The details of the items are brought forward from the database for the
customer view based on the selection through the menu and the database of all the products
are updated at the end of each transaction.

What is Shopping Cart system?

Online shopping is a form of electronic shopping store where the buyer is directly online to
the seller's computer usually via the internet. There is no intermediary service. The sale and
purchase transaction are completed electronically and interactively in real-time. The
development of this new system contains the following activities, which try to develop on-
line application by keeping the entire process in the view of database integration approach.
User gets its email id and password to access their account.
Administrator of Shopping Cart System has multiple features such as Add, Delete, Update
shopping Items.
Features of shopping cart system.

1. Secure registration and profile management facilities for Customers.

2. Browsing through the e-Mall to see the items that are there in each category of
products like Apparel, Kitchen accessories, Bath accessories, Food items etc.

33 | P a g e
3. Creating a Shopping cart so that customer can Shop N number of items and checkout
finally with the entire shopping cart
4. Customers should be able to mail the Shop about the items they would like to see in
the Shop
5. Secured mechanism for checking out from the Shop (Credit card verification
mechanism). Updates to customers about the Recent Items in the Shop.
6. Uploading Most Purchased Items in each category of products in the Shop like
Apparel, Kitchen accessories, Bath accessories, Food items etc.

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CHAPTER - 2 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS & SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

Technical feasibility

Technical feasibility is one of the first studies that must be conducted after the project
has been identified. In large engineering projects consulting agencies that have large
staffs of engineers and technicians conduct technical studies dealing with the projects.
In individual agricultural projects financed by local agricultural credit corporations,
the technical staff composed of specialized agricultural engineers, irrigation and
construction engineers, and other technicians are responsible for conducting such
feasibility studies.
The first step in the feasibility stage, Technical Feasibility, involves

development of a working model of the product or service. It is not necessary that the
initial materials and components of the working model represent those that actually
will be used in the finished product or service. The purpose of the working model is to
demonstrate, to your own satisfaction, that the product or service is functional and
producible. It also provides a visual means to share your concept with others. The
concept of a mechanical working model is easier to grasp and understand than
software, ecommerce or service-related products. E-commerce models require
verification of the ability to integrate the computers, servers, software and
programming needed to support the operational concept. Services, packaged as a set
of value-added activities, should deliver observable benefits.
Definition: The process of proving that the concept is technically possible.

Objective: The objective of the technical feasibility step is to confirm that the product will
perform and to verify that there are no production barriers.
Product: The product of this activity is a working model.
Technology Description

HTML

HTML stands for HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE, which is most widely used
language on web to develop web pages. HTML refers to the way in which Web pages
35 | P a g e
(HTMLdocuments) are linked together. Thus, the link available on a web page is called
Hypertext.
HTML was created by Berners-Lee in late 1991 but “HTML 2.0” was the first standard

HTML specification which was published in 1995. HTML 4.01 was a major version of
HTML and it was published in late 1999. Though HTML 4.01 version is widely used but
currently we are having HTML-5 version which is an extension to HTML 4.01, and this
version was published in 2012.
As its name suggests, HTML is a Mark-up Language which means you use HTML to
simply “mark-up” a text document with tags that tells a web browser how to structure it to
display.

Originally, HTML was developed with the intent of defining the structure of documents
like heading, paragraph, lists, and so forth to facilitate the sharing of scientific information
between researchers. Now, HTML is being widely used to format web pages with the help
of different tags available in HTML.

CSS

Cascading Style Sheet is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of
a document written in a markup language Although most often used to set the visual
style of web page and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can
be applied to any XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL, and is
applicable to rendering in speech, or on other media. Along with HTML and
JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone technology used by most websites to create visually
engaging webpages, user interfaces for web applications, and user interfaces for many
mobile applications.

CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from

document presentation, including aspects such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This
separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in
the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple HTML pages to share
formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .CSS file, and reduce

complexity and repetition in the structural content.

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The CSS specifications are maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
Internet media type (MIME type) text/CSS is registered for use with CSS by RFC
2318 (March 1998). The W3C operates a free CSS validation service for CSS

documents

CSS has a simple syntax and uses a number of English keywords to specify the names
of various style properties. A style sheet consists of a list of rules. Each rule or rule-set
consists of one or more selectors, and a declaration block.

Bootstrap

Bootstrap is a free and open-source, front-end web framework for

designing websites and web applications. It contains HTML- and CSS-based design
templates for typography, forms, buttons, navigation and other interface components,
as well as optional JavaScript extensions. Unlike many web frameworks, it concerns
itself with front-end development only.

Bootstrap is modular and consists of a series of less stylesheets that implement the
various components of the toolkit. These stylesheets are generally compiled into a
bundle and included in web pages, but individual components can be included or
removed. Bootstrap provides a number of configuration variables that control things
such as color and padding of various components.

Since Bootstrap 2, the Bootstrap documentation has included a customization wizard

which generates a customized version of Bootstrap based on the requested components
and various settings.

As of Bootstrap 4, Sass is used instead of less for the stylesheets. Each Bootstrap
component consists of an HTML structure, CSS declarations, and in some cases
accompanying JavaScript code.

My SQL

37 | P a g e
MySQL is an open-source RDBMS that relies on SQL for processing the data in
database. MySQL provides APIs for the languages like C, C++, Eiffel, JAVA, Perl,
PHP and Python. MySQL is most commonly used for web applications and for
embedded applications and has become a popular alternative to proprietary database
system because of its speed and reliability. MySQL can run on UNIX, Windows and
Mac OS.

MySQL is an essential part of almost every open-source PHP application. Good

examples for PHP/MySQL-based scripts are phub, so Commerce and Joomla. One of
the most important things about using MySQL is to have a MySQL specialized host.

MySQL is the most popular Open-Source Relational SQL database management

system. MySQL is one of the best RDBMS being used for developing web-based

software applications.
MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) based on
Structured Query Language (SQL). MySQL runs on virtually all platforms, including
Linux, UNIX, and Windows. Although it can be used in a wide range of applications,
MySQL is most often associated with web-based applications and online publishing
and is an important component of an enterprise stack called LAMP. LAMP is a Web
development platform that uses Linux as the operating system, Apache as the Web
server, MySQL as the relational database management system and PHP as the object-
oriented scripting language. (Sometimes Perl or Python is used instead of PHP).
PHP

The PHP Hypertext Pre-processor (PHP) is a programming language that allows web
developers to create dynamic content that interacts with databases. PHP is basically
used for developing web-based software applications. This tutorial helps you to build
your base with PHP. PHP started out as a small open-source project that evolved as
more and more people found out how useful it was. Rasmus Leadoff unleashed the
first version of PHP way back in 1994.

➢ PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor".

38 | P a g e
 ➢ PHP is a server-side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to
manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e- commerce
sites.
➢ It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, Posture SQL,
Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server.
➢ PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution, especially when compiled as an Apache
module on the Unix side. The MySQL server, once started, executes even very
complex queries with huge result sets in record-setting time.
➢ PHP supports a large number of major protocols such as POP3, IMAP, and LDAP.
➢ PHP4 added support for Java and distributed object architectures (COM and
CORBA), making n-tier development a possibility for the first time.
➢ PHP is forgiving: PHP language tries to be as forgiving as possible.
➢ PHP Syntax is C-Like.

JavaScript

JavaScript is a lightweight, interpreted programming language. It is designed for creating

network-centric applications. It is complimentary to and integrated with Java. JavaScript is
very easy to implement because it is integrated with HTML. It is open and cross-platform.
JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic, untyped, and interpreted programming language. It has
been standardized in the ECMA Script language specification. Alongside HTML and
CSS, it is one of the three core technologies of World Wide Web content production; the
majority of websites employ it and it is supported by all modern Web browsers without plug-
ins. JavaScript is prototype-based with first-class functions, making it a multi-paradigm
language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles. It has
an API for working with text, arrays, dates and regular expressions, but does not include any
I/O, such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities, relying for these upon the host
environment in which it is embedded.

Despite some naming, syntactic, and standard library similarities, JavaScript and
Java are otherwise unrelated and have very different semantics. The syntax of JavaScript is
actually derived from C, while the semantics and design are influenced by the Self and
Scheme programming languages. JavaScript is also used in environments that are not Web-

39 | P a g e
based, such as PDF documents, site-specific browsers, and desktop widgets. Newer and faster
JavaScript virtual machines (VMs) and platforms built upon them have also increased the
popularity of JavaScript for server-side Web applications. On the client side, JavaScript has
been traditionally implemented as an interpreted language, but more recent browsers perform
just-in-time compilation. It is also used in game development, the creation of desktop and
mobile applications, and server-side network programming with runtime environments such
as Node.js.

40 | P a g e
 CHAPTER: 3

SYSTEM DESIGN

Data Dictionary

A data dictionary, or Metadata Repository, as defined in the IBM Dictionary of

Computing, is a "centralized repository of information about data such as meaning,
relationships to other data, origin, usage, and format. The term can have one of several
closely related meanings pertaining to databases and database management systems
(DBMS):

• A document describing a database or collection of databases.

• An integral component of a DBMS that is required to determine its structure.

• A piece of middleware that extends or supplants the native data dictionary of

a DBMS.
The terms data dictionary and data repository indicate a more general
software utility than a catalogue. A catalogue is closely coupled with the DBMS
software. It provides the information stored in it to the user and the DBA, but it is
mainly accessed by the various software modules of the DBMS itself, such as DDL and
DML compilers, the query optimizer, the transaction processor, report generators, and
the constraint enforcer. On the other hand, a data dictionary is a data structure that stores
metadata, i.e., (structured) data about information. The software package for a stand-
alone data dictionary or data repository may interact with the software modules of the
DBMS, but it is mainly used by the designers, users and administrators of a computer
system for information resource management. These systems maintain information on

41 | P a g e
system hardware and software configuration, documentation, application and users as
well as other information relevant to system administration.
If a data dictionary system is used only by the designers, users, and
administrators and not by the DBMS Software, it is called a passive data dictionary.
Otherwise, it is called inactive data dictionary or data dictionary. When a passive data
dictionary is updated, it is done so manually and independently from any changes to a
DBMS (database) structure. With an active data dictionary, the dictionary is updated
first and changes occur in the DBMS automatically as a result.

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SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
The software development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework defining tasks performed at each
step in the software development process. SDLC is a structure followed by a development
team within the software organization. It consists of a detailed plan describing how to
develop, maintain and replace specific software. The life cycle defines a methodology for
improving the quality of software and the overall development process.
This term is also known as the software development process.

SDLC consists of following activities:

Planning:
The most important parts of software development, requirement gathering or requirement
analysis are usually done by the most skilled and experienced software engineers in the
organization. After the requirements are gathered from the client, a scope document is created
in which the scope of the project is determined and documented.

Implementation:

The software engineers start writing the code according to the client's requirements.
Testing:
This is the process of finding defects or bugs in the created software.

Documentation:
Every step in the project is documented for future reference and for the improvement of the
software in the development process. The design documentation may include writing the
application programming interface (API).

Deployment and maintenance:

The software is deployed after it has been approved for release.

Maintaining:

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Software maintenance is done for future reference. Software improvement and new
requirements (change requests) can take longer than the time needed to create the initial
development of the software.

There are several software development models followed by various organizations:

Waterfall Model:
This model involves finishing the first phase completely before commencing the next one.
When each phase is completed successfully, it is reviewed to see if the project is on track and
whether it is feasible to continue.

V-Shaped Model:

This model focuses on execution of processes in a sequential manner, similar to the waterfall
model but with more importance placed on testing. Testing procedures are written even
before the commencement of writing code. A system plan is generated before starting the
development phase.

Incremental Model:

This life cycle model involves multiple development cycles. The cycles are divided up into
smaller iterations. These iterations can be easily managed and go through a set of phases
including requirements, design, implementation and testing. A working version of the
software is produced during the first iteration, so working software is created early in the
development process.

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

System analysis is the process of examining a business situation for the purpose of developing
a system solution to a problem or devising improvements to such a situation. Before the
development of any system can begin, a project proposal is prepared by the users of the
potential system and/or by systems analysts and submitted to an appropriate managerial
structure within the organization.

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Assuming that a new system is to be developed, the next phase is a system analysis. Analysis
involved a detailed study of the current system, leading to specifications of a new system.
Analysis is a detailed study of various operations performed by a system and their
relationship with in and outside the system. During analysis, data are collected on the
available files, decision points and transactions handled by the present system. Interviews, on-
site observation and questionnaire are the tools used for system analysis. Using the following

step, it becomes easy to draw the exact boundary of the new system under consideration:

Keeping in view the problems and new requirements workout the pros and cons including

new areas of the system.

All procedures, requirement must be analyzed and documented in the form of detailed data
flow diagrams, data dictionary, logical data structures and miniature specifications. System
analysis also includes sub-dividing of complex process involving the entire system, identifiers

of data stores and manual processes.

The main points to be discussed in system analysis are:

Specification of what the new system is to accomplish based on the user requirements.

Functional hierarchy showing the function to be performed by the new system and their
relationship with each other.
Function network which are similar to function hierarchy but they highlight those functions
which are common to more than one procedure.

SYSTEM DESIGN

What is systems design?

Systems design is simply the design of systems. It implies a systematic and rigorous approach to
design—an approach demanded by the scale and complexity of many systems problems.

E – R DIAGRAM

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Entity Relationship Diagrams are a major data modelling tool and will help organize the data
in your project into entities and define the relationships between the entities. This process has
proved to enable the analyst to produce a good database structure so that the data can be
stored and retrieved in a most efficient manner.

Entity
A data entity is anything real or abstract about which we want to store data. Entity types fall
into five classes: roles, events, locations, tangible things or concepts. E.g., employee,
payment, campus, book. Specific examples of an entity are called instances. E.g., the
employee John Jones, Mary Smith's payment, etc.

Relationship
A data relationship is a natural association that exists between one or more entities. E.g.,
Employees process payments.

Attribute
A data attribute is a characteristic common to all or most instances of a particular entity.
Synonyms include property, data element, field. E.g., Name, address, Employee Number, pay
rate are all attributes of the entity employee. An attribute or combination of attributes that
uniquely identifies one and only one instance of an entity is called a primary key or identifier.
E.g., Employee Number is a primary key for Employee.

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

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A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an
information system. A DFD is often used as a preliminary step to create an overview of the
system. DFDs can also be used for the visualization of data processing (structured design).

A DFD shows what kind of information will be input to and output from the system, where
the data will come from and go to, and where the data will be stored. It does not show
information about the timing of process or information about whether processes will operate
in sequence or in parallel.

History

Data flow diagrams were proposed by Larry Constantine. The original developer of structured
design, based on Martin and Estrin's "Data Flow Graph" model of computation. Starting in
the 1970s, data flow diagrams (DFD) became a popular way to visualize the major steps and
data involved in software system processes. DFDs were usually used to show data flows in a
computer system, although they could in theory be applied to business process modeling.
DFD were useful to document the major data flows or to explore a new high-level design in
terms of data flow.

Data flow diagram Symbols:

External entities: rectangular box

Data flow: arrow headed lines Process/

function: bubble/ circle.

Data store: narrow opened rectangle.

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A data flow diagram represents the following:

External devices sending or receiving data.

Processes that change the data.

Data flow themselves. data

storage locations.

Types of data flow diagram:

There are two types of data flow diagrams, namely physical data flow diagrams and logical
data flow diagram and it is important to difference between the two:

Physical data flow diagram:

An implementation dependent view of the current system, showing what tasks are carried out
and how they are performed. Physical characteristic can include:

Names of people.

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Form and document name and number.

Name of departments.

Master and transaction files.

Equipment and device used.

Locations.

Names of procedures.

Logical data flow diagram:

An implementation independent view of the system, focusing on the flow of data between
processes without regard for the specific devices, storage location or people in the system.
The physical characteristics listed above for physical data flow diagram will not be specified.

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 CHAPTER – 4 IMPLEMENTATION & TESTING

The implementation phase is less creative than system design. It is primarily concerned with
user training, site preparation and file conversion. During file testing, user acceptance is,
tested followed by user training. Depending on the nature of system, extensive user training
may be required. Conversion usually takes place at about the same time the user is being
trained. Programming is thought to be modified as a result of programming effort.
Programming provides a “realty test” for the assumption made by analyst.

System testing checks the deadlines and accuracy of the system. To access, update and
retrieve data from new files. Once the programs become available, test data are read into the
computer and processed against the file provided. For testing, its successful program is then
run with “live” data. Otherwise, a diagnostic test to locate and correct errors. In most
conversion, parallel run is conducted where the new system simultaneous run both old
systems. This method, through costly, provided added assurance against errors in the
candidate system. This method through costly, provided added assurance against errors in the
candidate system and also the user staff an opportunity to gain experience through operation.

SCREENSHOTS

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HOME PAGE:

Figure: 4.1

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BOOKS PAGE:

Figure: 4.2

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ELECTRONICS PAGE:

Figure: 4.3

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FURNITURE PAGE:

Figure: 4.4

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FASHION PAGE:

Figure: 4.5

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MY CART PAGE:

Figure: 4.6

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LOGIN MODULE:

Figure: 4.7

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TRACK ORDER MODULE:

Figure: 2.8

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TESTING

Software testing is the process of executing a program or system with the intent of finding
errors. Or, it involves any activity aimed at evaluating an attribute or capability of a program
or system and determining that it meet its required results. Software is not unlike other
physical processes where inputs are received and output are produced. Where software differs
is in the manner in which it is fails. Most physical systems fail in a fixed (and reasonable
small) set of ways. By contrast, software can fail in many bizarre ways. Detecting all of the
different failure modes for software is generally infeasible. Module testing:

Here testing is done at each module level. Each case has been thoroughly tested to discover

pitfalls. System testing:

Here testing is done after all the modules have been integrate.

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 CHAPTER – 5 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

OBJECTIVE

• To Manage the shopping details and payment details.

• To Generate the information of customers and products.
• To Reduce the cost of management.
• To manage the details of shopping, internet, payments, bills, customers.

DEFINING A PROBLEM

• Define a problem.
• Justify the needs for a computerized solution.
• Identify the functions to be provided by the systems along with the constraints.
• Determine goal and requirements of the system.
• Establish the high-level acceptance criteria.

DEVELOPING A SOLUTION STRATEGY

• Outline several solution strategies. Do not consider constraints for the time being.
• Conduct a feasibility strategy, including why the other strategies are rejected.
• Develop a list of priorities for the product characteristics. The Project Plan (sometimes
called project initiation document or project scoping report) is produced by the Project
Manager following a brief Scoping Project Study. It should establish

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 PLANNING THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

• Define a life cycle model and an organizational structure for the project.
• Plan the configuration management, quality assurance and validation activities.
• Establish the preliminary cost estimates, the schedule and the staffing estimates for System
development.

• Develop preliminary estimates for the computing resources required to operate and maintain the
system.

Problem Formulations

The basic problems with the existing systems are the non-interactive environment they provide to the
users.

• Scope
The current system can be extended to allow the users to create accounts and save products in to wish
list.
Users can have multiple shipping and billing information saved. During checkout they can use the
drag and drop feature to select shipping and billing information.

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 CHAPTER – 6

CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

The future of this project depends on whether the author has enough spare time over the next
2 month to continue with the developing. The author feels that last few remaining features
would round off the system. If the author was to try to sell this system, then more system
testing would have to be done, in a particular a more comprehensive real – world. Testing
environment would have to be adopted along with some real word’s usage. Multiple
concurrent users would be command in real world usage but have been difficult to test for
considering there was only tester involved in this project. This type of system would benefit
for the hardware in case of a system failure for the software in case of newly found bugs, in
return of a subscription free.

While developing the system a conscious effort has been made to create and
develop a software package, making use of available tools, techniques and resources –
that would generate a proper System While making the system, an eye has been kept on
making it as user-friendly, as cost-effective and as flexible as possible. As such one may
hope that the system will be acceptable to any user and will adequately meet his/her
needs. As in case of any system development processes where there are a number of
shortcomings, there have been some shortcomings in the development of this system also.

The project is still under modification.

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Refrences:

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