Example 3.

3 Determine the magnetic fux density both inside and ouside an

infinitely long. straight conductor with a circular cross-section of radius 'a
carrying a steady current . Plot the variation of the flux density with radial

distance.
Solution: Consider a solid cylindrical conductor of radius 'a', infinite in

length, carries a steady state current of I.

The current density of the conductor in J

J A/m
Ta
Consider any point P at a radial distance r inside the conductor where the
magnetic flux density is to be determined.

Forinside the conductor (r a).

t
a

Apply Ampere's law,

H dl= I =J.A
3.20
Electronagnetic Fields -

ECE
H 27rr 2Tr2
Ta

H
2Ta
Magnetic flux density B uH
B r27 a2
At the surface of the conductor, r =a

B=
27t a
For outside the conductor (r>a).
According to Ampere's law,

H dl
H 277r = I
B

H = 2Tr
O a r-

B =LI
2Tr
 Example 3.5 Calcukate the magnetic flur density due to circular coil of 100
ampere turns and area of 70 cm on the axis of the coil at a distance of 10cm from
the centre.
OSolution: NI =
100 AT, d 0.10 m
Ta =
70 cm
 Magnetic ields
Shatic 3.21
a= 22.28 cm= 22.28x
10 *m
Ho NIa2
B
Magnetic flux density 2 (a+d2),3/2

47Tx107x 100 x22.28 104 x

2 (22.28 x 104 3/2

=
103.7 x 10 Tesla = 103.7 Tesla
 6 AA wire ca
wire
carrying a current of 100 A is bent into
Exanple3.6|
the form of a
f diameter 10 cm. Calculate (a) flux density at the centre
eiele of the coil.
vity at a poini on the axis of the coil and 12 cm from it.
b fuaxd e

OSolution:

a
aFlux density
at centre ofthe coil
- d
Ho NI
B 2a
Let N = 1, I = 100 A

Radius a = 10 = 5 cm = 5 x 102m
2

4TTx 10x 1x 100

B =

2x 5 x 102

B 1.256 x10 Wb/m2 =

1.256 mWb/m
(b) Flur density at a point on the axis of the coil and 12 cmfrom it

Ho N I a2
B
2 (a2+d2)2
But d = 12x 10 m

Then B = 4Tx10x100 (5 x x 10

2[(5 10 x + (12 x 102)2

B 0.0714x 10 Wb/m
B = 0.0714 mWb/m
 T955 Turns
0.97 x 0.12

Example 3.14 The magnetic field strength ofa 200 turn coil excited by a
current of 2A is to be delermined. The length of the solenoid is 0.25 m. The
direction of the field strength is already known
Solution: Solenoid length, 1 =
0.25 m

Number of turns, N = 200

Current in solenoid, I =
2 A

Now, the field strength in a solenoid,

NI
HI

200x2
0.25
1600 AT/m
 Example 3.17| At a point P(x, y, z) the components of vector magnetic

nalential Aare given as A, 4x

= +
3y + 2z, A, =
Sx + 6y + 3z and A, =
2x + 3y +

S:. Determine B at the point P.

OSolution:
ay
B Vx A= Oz
Ox Oy
L4x+3y +2z 5x +6y +3 z 2x+3y+ 5zJ

y (2x +3y 5z) -(5x +6y

+5 + 3) |+

4x (2x +3y +5 z)+

+3y +22)- Ox

(5 x +6y +3 z) - .. (4x +3 y +2 z)
=
a, [3-3]+a, [2-2]+a,[5 -3]
B 2a
 4.30 Electromagnetic Fields-F
Determine the force between two el conductors of l .
parallel conductors
Example 4.2 of length
Im separated by 50 cm in air and carrying currents of 30 A. (a)
a) in
in the
the
same
direction, (b) in the opposite direction.
OSolution: I = 30DA, l= I m, d 0.5 m

(a) Force of attraction

F
2Td 27T d
4Tx 10-7x(30) x 1 =
0.36 x 10 Newtons
2Tx 0.5

(b) Force of repulsion

F = = 0.36 x 1 0 Newtons
2T d

Example 4.3| What is the maximum torque ona square loop of 1000 tharns in
a field of fux density ofI tesla. The loop has 10 cm sides and carries 3 A. What is
the magnetic moment of the loop?
OSolution: N 1000, a =
0.1 m, I=3 A
B 1T. A =a2 =
(0.1)
Torque = IAB

=
3x (0.1) x 1 =
0.03 Newton-metre
Magnetic moment, m =
IA

=3x 0.01 =
0.03 A.m
 and 1200 turns respectively ar
Two coils A and B with 800
Example 4.5|
circuit. A current of O.5 A in
coil A produces a flur at
having common magnetic
mWb and 80% offiur links with coil B. Calculate L,, Lz and M.
Solution: Coil A Coil B
N2 = 1200
N, = 8000

I, =
0.5 A

3 x 10 wb 2 80% of ¢,
K = 80% = 0.8 0.8 x 3x 10 Wb

N 800x 3x 10
LT 0.5
4.8 Henry Ans. v

M
2

1200 x0.8x3x 10 =
5.76 Henry Ans.
0.5

M KVLL
M (5.76
5.76 (0.8 x 4.8
=
10.8 Henry Ans. v