Table 1 shows the Thematic Analysis Table.

UNSTRUCTURED SUB-
PARTICIPAN
INTERVIEW ANSWERS CODES CATEGORY/ CATEGORY/THEME
T
QUESTIONS THEME
What kinds of problems Well, the most common is the Infrastructure (lack Infrastructure Agricultural Problems
do farmers in this place infrastructure. We are having of farm-to-market
encounter? a hard time to reach our toads)
market instantly because of
lack of farm-to-market roads.
Are there any others? We also experience difficulty Difficulty in having Investment Agricultural Problems
in having the capital. We the capital
need to borrow money from (borrowings)
other people.
Can you tell me Often, we borrow money Income generated Investment Agricultural Problems
something about your from other people. Once we applies only to the
financing? sold our products, the income liabilities
we generated from the sales
1 only applies to the liabilities
we incurred. Nothing has left
for us.
What do you think Personally, I think that the Higher budget for Lack of Causes/Reasons of
would be the solution government should focus and the agriculture sector government Agricultural Problems
for this? give higher budget for the support
agriculture sector. (financial)
If the government will As a farmer, we can utilize Pesticides can be High ROI Impacts to Agribusiness
provide sufficient the budget given by the DA. bought at a lower Sectors
budget for the We can buy pesticides at a price
agriculture sector, what lower price. We do not need
do you think would be to buy it from the other
the advantage to you as countries.
a farmer?
2 What kinds of problems I think one of the problems Irrigation system Infrastructure Agricultural Problems
 do farmers in this place we encounter is the irrigation
encounter? system.
Are there any others? As a farmer, I personally sell Low prices of Investment Agricultural Problems
palay as our main product and products
one problem is the low price
of this produce.
What can you say about Sad to say, it is not sufficient Not efficient to meet Insufficient Causes/Reasons of
the low price of palay? to meet our financial needs. financial needs purchasing Agricultural Problems
We demand the increase of (demand increase of power of the
prices of the palay. prices) farmers
If there is already an Yes. We can yield to a higher Increase in prices High ROI Impacts to Agribusiness
increase in the prices of income if this will happen. will yield higher Sectors
the palay, is there any There will be savings unlike income and savings
impact to our beloved before.
farmers?
What will you do in I can now pay my obligation From savings, there High savings Impacts to Agribusiness
your savings? because we often borrow is already a deducted Sectors
money from other people. obligation, farmers
Sometimes, our revenue from can allot money for
sales is just sufficient to pay the future
our financial obligations. But
if this will happen, we can
now allot certain amount of
money for our future.
3 What kinds of problems I think the problem we are Flooding incidence – Climate and Agricultural Problems
do farmers in this place facing as farmers would be drought and water natural
encounter? the climate change because degradation resources
we experienced before an
increased in flooding
incidence, sometimes,
drought, and water
degradation.
 Are there any others? Probably, it could be the Intensive cultivation Climate and Agricultural Problems
intensive cultivation resulting – depletion of natural
to the depletion of nutrients in nutrients in various resources
various ecosystems. ecosystems
Can you tell me If farmers will use this, there Chemical pesticides, Climate and Agricultural Problems
something about the will be more chemical insecticides, and natural
intensive cultivation? pesticides, insecticides, and fertilizers will kill resources
fertilizers during the intensive beneficial insects,
farming. This will somehow fruits, and vegetables
kill the beneficial insects, the
fruits and vegetables will be
covered by pesticides, and the
environment may be altered,
thus, resulting to soil erosion.
What do you think Avoid doing intensive Intensive Climate and Agricultural Problems
would be the solution farming/agriculture for it farming/agriculture natural
for this? harms not only the resources
environment but also the
people.
So, if we will not use the We can use the opposite of Use extensive Preservation of Impacts to Agribusiness
intensive farming what intensive which is the farming – low use of the Sectors
method shall be used by extensive farming. This capital and labor environment –
the farmers? farming is characterized by a relative to land area avoidance of
low use of capital and labor massive losses
relative to land area.
4 What kinds of problems The problem I can see is the Small farm size Infrastructure Agricultural Problems
do farmers in this place small farm size.
encounter?
Are there any others? I can also say that there is a Decreased supply of Manpower Agricultural Problems
decreased supply of hired hired labor in the
labor in the farm. farm
Can you tell me We experienced this because Most children do not Manpower Agricultural Problems
 something about the most of our children do not want to work as
decreased supply of want to work as farmers. farmers
hired labor? They really want to change
their career path, work in an
air-conditioned office rather
than in a farm.
What do you think is the Farmers will opt to Opt to mechanize in Low labor Impacts to Agribusiness
disadvantage of this? mechanize in order to lessen order to lessen costs costs Sectors
costs and dependence to the and dependence to
unreliable supply of hired labor
labor in the countryside.
What do you think is the Of course, we can achieve Can achieve crop High Impacts to Agribusiness
advantage? crop productivity at the productivity at productivity Sectors
optimum. optimum level will result to
income
5 What kinds of problems I think the problem is the lack Lack of volume of Marketing Agricultural Problems
do farmers in this place of volume of demand. demand
encounter?
Are there any others? I can also say that there is an Inadequate support Manpower Agricultural Problems
inadequate support services. services
What do you mean by We have limited access to Limited access to Investment, Agricultural Problems
inadequate support credit and ineffective credit and ineffective marketing
services? marketing systems. The marketing systems
government should help us,
farmers, about this issue
because we do not really have
sufficient means to eradicate
this problem.
What is your problem in Lending institutions really High interest rates Investment Agricultural Problems
the credit system? demand high interest rates.
With that, the income we
generate from our sales is
 only sufficient to pay our
liabilities.
How about the We do not have a good access Do not have good Infrastructure, Agricultural Problems
marketing systems? to the market. We often have access to the market marketing
the middlemen who buy our
products at low cost.
What kinds of problems I think the prohibitive Prohibitive trucking Marketing Agricultural Problems
do farmers in this place trucking and shipping rates. and shipping rates
encounter?
Are there any others? We do not own the land we Do not own the land Infrastructure Agricultural Problems
till. we till
Can you tell me Of course, we usually lease Cannot maximize Insufficient Causes/Reasons of
something about this? the land we use. We cannot the use of the land purchasing Agricultural Problems
maximize the use of the land, (low income) power/property
thus, resulting to a low of farmers
income because we are just
tenants.
6 What do you think is the Landowners usually demand Landowners demand Insufficient Causes/Reasons of
disadvantage of this? 50-50 share of the product. 50-50 share of the purchasing Agricultural Problems
This, in effect, will only leave product power/property
half of the produce to us. of farmers
How can you avoid this We can avoid this if we own Owning the land we Smooth pre- Impacts to Agribusiness
from happening? the land we till. We do not till and post- Sectors
need to share the 50 percent harvest
of our produce to the activities of the
landowners. This will farmers
increase the possible income
we can generate from our
sales.
7 What kinds of problems One problem I can see is the Lack of milling Infrastructure Agricultural Problems
do farmers in this place lack of milling centers. centers
encounter?
 Are there any others? Yes. As farmers, we usually Lack of basic skill in Manpower Agricultural Problems
lack basic skills in farming farming
because most of us are just
elementary graduates.
If that is the case, how We learned some of the skills Learned from Manpower Agricultural Problems
did you learn about from our ancestors and fellow ancestors and fellow
farming? farmers. farmers
Do you have a hard time I think so. If we are really Can use the full of Manpower Agricultural Problems
because of this? educated about these, we can our potentials
use the full of our potentials
in farming.
What do you think is the Only the things we know are Updated information Increased Impacts to Agribusiness
disadvantage of this? accommodated. We need productivity Sectors
updated information about
this matter. And I hope the
government will help us.
8 What kinds of problems The most common I think is Drying facilities Infrastructure Agricultural Problems
do farmers in this place the drying facilities. We do
encounter? not have these.
Are there any others? We import fertilizers, Import fertilizers, Investment Agricultural Problems
pesticides, and seeds abroad. pesticides, and seeds
This is very expensive and
unaffordable for us.
Can you tell me We cannot afford to buy all Opt to borrow Insufficient Causes/Reasons of
something about this? of these (fertilizers, (cannot afford purchasing Agricultural Problems
pesticides, and seeds). Hence, fertilizers, pesticides, power of the
we opt to borrow money from and seeds) farmers
others.
What do you think If the government will help us Government budget Lack of Causes/Reasons of
would be the solution buy all of these and give us government Agricultural Problems
for this? the necessary budget and the budget
like. We will survive in ages.
 Aside from that, what We just need the support of Government support Lack of Causes/Reasons of
help do you need from the government because if government Agricultural Problems
the government? they will not help us, we budget
cannot provide food security
for all the Filipinos,
particularly, our fellow
Mindoreños.
9 What kinds of problems Hmmm. I think climate Climate change and Climate and Agricultural Problems
do farmers in this place change and natural disasters. natural disasters natural
encounter? resources
Are there any others? Yes. The technology Technology Infrastructure Agricultural Problems
utilization. We cannot afford utilization
to buy modern technology
and some of the farmers are
hesitant to use it.
If the farmers are Well, the problem would be Demand for man Reluctance of Causes/Reasons of
hesitant to use modern the demand for manpower. power if there is no the farmers to Agricultural Problems
technology, what do you We need labor to do the crop technology adapt change
think would be the production and any other (technology)
problems? things needed to be done in
the farm. But, if we use
modern technology and use
machines, we can increase
productivity.
What do you think is the Personally, I believe because Too old and Manpower Agricultural Problems
reason why farmers are they are too old and unwilling unwilling to learn/no
reluctant? to learn how to operate money
machines and use modern
technology. They just rely on
what they know. Also, they
do not have enough money to
buy it.
 How can the If the government will Government will Increased Impacts to Agribusiness
government encourage explain thoroughly the explain the productivity Sectors
the farmers to embrace advantage of technology and advantages
technology? provide it, most likely, the
farmers will gradually adapt
to change.
10 What kinds of problems The number one problem is No capital Investment Agricultural Problems
do farmers in this place we do not have enough
encounter? capital to sustain the farming
needs.
Are there any others? Too many! Most of us are old Aged farmers Manpower Agricultural Problems
already. We cannot do the
strenuous activities anymore.
Soon, there will be no
farmers who will provide
food security to all.
What do you think is the Our youth is now shying Youth is shipping Lack of Causes/Reasons of
problem about this away from the mud – the heat away from the mud laborers Agricultural Problems
issue? and constant hard labor that
agricultural work is offering.
They like to work in the
offices and private
companies.
What do you think is the I think that is because they No hard labor Demand for Impacts to Agribusiness
reason why they choose will not exert hard labor just needed machines will Sectors
to work in the offices to earn money. They do not increase cost
and private companies? need to expose from the
direct sunlight just to till the
land.
How will you encourage I will tell them the advantages Advantages of Proliferation of Impacts to Agribusiness
the youth to work in our of working in the farm lands. working in the farm the number of Sectors
farm lands? They can use what they lands laborers
 learned from school and
apply those learnings in the
farm. Also, there are
programs/courses that are
related to agriculture. They
can really help us.
What kinds of problems We, farmers, really have a Agricultural value Marketing Agricultural Problems
do farmers in this place hard time to connect to the chain
encounter? agricultural value chain. We
have problems in the farm-to-
market roads, bridges, and
tramlines.
Are there any others? We also need to be informed Lack of basic Manpower Agricultural Problems
of the basic knowledge and knowledge and skill
skills in farming.
Why do you need to be It is because we were not able Not able to graduate Insufficient Causes/Reasons of
informed? to graduate and get our and get diploma knowledge Agricultural Problems
diplomas. We have only about farming
limited knowledge about this
11
matter.
What do you think I think the government should Help the farmers by Increased Impacts to Agribusiness
would be the answer for help the farmers enhance doing information technical Sectors
this? their capacity to adopt better dissemination and know-how and
and new knowledge by doing seminar (trends) productivity
information dissemination
and seminars about the trends
in agriculture.
Do you think that this Of course! We can apply Application of Increased Impacts to Agribusiness
will help you a lot? whatever learnings we get updated learnings technical Sectors
from that. We really need to know-how and
update our skills with regard productivity
to this matter.
 What kinds of problems We have a problem in the Credit system (high Investment Agricultural Problems
do farmers in this place credit system because of high interest rates)
encounter? interest rates.
Are there any others? I personally believe that the Environmental Climate and Agricultural Problems
environmental impact of impact of irrigation natural
irrigation can be a problem, resources
too.
What is your insight There is a possibility of Depleting the Climate and Agricultural Problems
about this? depleting the underground underground natural
aquifers through overdrafting. aquifers resources
Soil can be over-irrigated
because of poor management
wastes disposal and may lead
to water pollution.
Do you mean that we Technically, not limit at all. Limit irrigation Climate and Agricultural Problems
12
shall limit our Because this will somehow natural
irrigation? result to under-irrigation resources
which gives poor salinity
control which leads to
increased soil salinity with
consequent build up of toxic
salts on soil surface in areas
with high evaporation.
For you, what should the I think the government should Government guide – Lack of Causes/Reasons of
government do to solve guide the farmers about the irrigation system government Agricultural Problems
this problem? irrigation system. Teach us support
the proper ways and methods
in dealing with this so as to
avoid the problems that may
arise.
13 What kinds of problems As a farmer, one problem I Marketing of Marketing Agricultural Problems
do farmers in this place see it the marketing of our products
 encounter? products to the people.
Are there any others? We are also having a hard Modern technology Reluctance of Causes/ Reasons of
time to embrace modern and mechanization the farmers to Agricultural Problems
technology and welcome adapt change
mechanization of labor
because we cannot afford
these things.
How can you solve this Well, we lease machines from Lease machines Infrastructure Agricultural Problems
issue? other people and sometimes,
they abuse us. And we cannot
do anything about this
because we lack manpower
for the crop production.
What do you think I think if the government will Government support Lack of Causes/Reasons of
would be the solution give us or even lend us (machines) government Agricultural Problems
for this? machines. We can absolutely support
be more productive farmers
in the province.
Why do you need to In the advent of decreasing Resort to adapt Reluctance of Causes/Reasons of
adapt technology? willing manpower and youth machine and farmers to Agricultural Problems
to do farming, we think we technology adapt change
shall resort to machines who (technology)
will do the tasks faster. This
will also result to crop
productivity. But one
drawback is it is capital-
intensive.
14 What kinds of problems One problem I see is the lack Lack of capital Investment Agricultural Problems
do farmers in this place of capital. We do not have
encounter? money.
Are there any others? Another is the climate, if Climate problem Climate and Agricultural Problems
there is a typhoon and our natural
 produce are affected, we will resources
incur massive losses.
What do you think I think we should think in Proactive farmers Prevention of Impacts to Agribusiness
would be the preventive advance and prepare in losses Sectors
method for this? advance.
Do you need additional Yes. We are too old already. Hard laborers Manpower Agricultural Problems
laborers in your farm? We cannot do hard labor
anymore.
Why do you need to This I guess will make the Technological Productivity at Impacts to Agribusiness
adapt technology? operations faster than we do. advancement its optimum Sectors
level
 Agricultural Problems

Causes/Reasons

Impacts to Agribusiness Sectors

Figure 1 depicts the three categories that will be used by the researcher namely agricultural problems, causes/reactions, and impacts to agribusiness sectors.
 CHAPTER III

RESULTS

Based on the Table 1, irrigation system, lack of milling centers, drying facilities, technology utilization, and lack of farm-to-market roads

refer to the sub-category/theme which is Infrastructure. The flooding incidence, environmental impacts of irrigation, and intensive cultivation are

then classified in the category of Climate and Natural Resources. Moreover, the difficulty in initial capital, low prices of products, land

ownership, high prices of fertilizers (importation), and credit system are categorized as Investment. In Marketing category, the lack of volume of

demand, prohibitive trucking and shipping rates, agricultural value chain, and advertisement are included. The decreased supply of hired labor,

aged farmers, lack of basic skills in farming, and inadequate support services are included in the Manpower category. All of these refer to the

Agricultural Problems.

It is also to be noted the subcategories/themes included in the Causes/Reasons of Agricultural Problems, these are the lack of government

support (financial), reluctance of the farmers to adapt change (technology), reactive attitude of the farmers, insufficient purchasing power of the

farmers, and lastly, the youth is shipping away from the mud. From these causes/reasons, the researcher created a category which is termed as

Impacts to Agribusiness Sectors which includes the hampering of pre- and post- harvest activities of the farmers, possibility of massive losses in
the production, low economies of scale because of low increased of size of production, low return on investment, and the possibility that the

agribusiness sector will be paralyzed.

DISCUSSIONS

In this chapter, the results of the study are presented and discussed with reference to the aim of the study which was to determine the

effects of the design and development of infrastructure and finance for agribusiness sector in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro through studying the

causes/reasons of agricultural problems and its impact to the agribusiness industry in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro.

Based on the results, the farmers of San Jose, Occidental Mindoro experienced a lot of agricultural problems. These are problems in

infrastructure, which provides that they lack irrigation system, milling centers, and drying facilities. They also experienced problems in climate

and natural resources, the possibility of casualties if there is a flooding incidence, the environmental impacts of irrigation, and the effects of

intensive cultivation in the environment. They also have problems in investing because most of them do not have sufficient amount of capital.

They also have problems in marketing because of the lack of volume of demand and lack of agricultural value chain. In addition, the farmers

also have difficulties in manpower because most of their children want to work in an office, hence, there is no need for a hard labor.
 For this reason, the researcher discovered that one of the causes of the agricultural problems in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro is the

reluctance of the farmers to use technology. They just refer to what they know. Most of the farmers are not willing to learn. Thus, this somehow

affects their productivity as workers. Another cause of problem is the insufficient purchasing power of the farmers, they need to loan or borrow

money from the lending institutions or other people just to have the capital they need. Their revenue from their sales is only sufficient to pay

their liability plus interest. Meaning to say, there is a significant low possibility for the farmers to have savings, thus, affecting their financial

capabilities. Also, there is a lack of government support. If the government will allot more budget in agriculture, the farmers in the province of

San Jose, Occidental Mindoro will have the financial capability to administer and produce more products that can be used for exportation, hence,

will generate income for the whole province.

All of these would probably affect the whole agribusiness sector in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. This would lead to low return on

investment on the part of the farmers because they cannot sell their products because of the low demand for the product. Also, if there is no

sufficient infrastructure in the province, this will automatically hamper the pre- and post-harvest activities of the farmers, if this happens, the

productivity level of the farmers is at stake. Also, there is a possibility of massive losses if the farmers do not reflect and be proactive in case of

natural disasters and calamities. This will make the agribusiness sector in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro paralyzed if there will be no preventive

and corrective actions to be undertaken.