LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION & MANGEMENT IN

ANIMAL FARMING
MARATHWADA INSTITUDE OF TECHNOLOGY

SUBMITTED BY: UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:

ASHISH JADHAV. DR. SHEETAL CHAVAN.
RUSHIESH NARWADE.
SWPANIL AMBHORE.
 ABSTRACT

Understanding the complex interactions between livestock and the

environment is key in the current global context, although the wide
diversity of these interactions in the different production systems needs a
local approach. In ruminant production systems, ongoing research is
focused on quantification of both negative and positive environmental
impacts, developing adaptation and mitigation strategies to reduce the
former, through increased efficiency and reduced inputs and emissions,
and enhancing the later. In extensive conditions, both aims can be
achieved by adapting livestock management to the provision of natural
foraging resources throughout the year, yet fulfilling other societal
demands like the provision of market-oriented products. In this
framework, a series of studies will be presented concerning (1) the
response of natural vegetation to extensive livestock grazing in different
conditions: (2) how farming systems can adapt to seasonal, spatial and
nutritional quality of feed resources, and 13) the effect of grazing on
animal performance and product quality,

Keywords: pastoral systems, impacts on vegetation and landscape,

livestock performance, and product quality.
 OBJECTIVE

To augment production of livestock and poultry products such

as milk, meat, egg, wool and other byproducts.
To supply productive variety livestock and poultry to the need
farmers.
To provide adequate animal breeding services for improvement
and upgradation) of local/ indigenous breeds.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN THE TROPICS
Livestock production is undertaken in a multitude of ways across the
planet, providing a large variety of goods and services, and using
different animal species and different sets of resources, in a wide
spectrum of agro-ecological and socioeconomic conditions (Steinfeld et
al, 2006). Livestock in the tropics play many different roles in
supporting families and are particularly important for the poorest
families (Christie, 2010). Livestock are vital to subsistence and
economic development in sub-Saharan Africa. They provide a flow of
essential food products throughout the year, are a major source of
government revenue and export earnings, sustain the employment and
income of millions of people in rural areas, contribute draught energy
and manure for crop production and are the only food and cash security
available to many Africans (Jahnke, 1982). Livestock production in the
tropics is characterized by great complexity not only in environment but
also in livestock types, products, functions and management principles
and is compounded by often perplexing interactions with the human
sphere (Jahnke, 1982). There is considerable diversity of livestock
production systems across the continent, which is largely shaped by
climate (rainfall amount and distribution, as well as temperature), and
landscape as well as socio-cultural and economic factors (OCDE, 2008).
According to the report of FAO (2010), integration with crops, relation
to land, agro-ecological zone, intensity of production, and type of
product are used as criteria for preliminary classifications of livestock
production systems. Livestock production systems are defined on the
basis of land use by livestock, and for this purpose the distinction
between grazing systems, mixed farming systems and industrial (or
landless) systems (Seré and Steinfeld,1996) has been widely accepted.
According to WISP (2010), based on the degree of homogeneity in
terms of resilience to climate change three categories (range based
livestock systems, mixed farming systems and off land systems) were
identified in Africa. However, the livestock production system in the
tropics is put in the context of the large classes of farming systems and
in the context of the principal ecological zones and the type found
mostly in marginal locations, its production potential in global terms is
relatively low (Seré and Steinfeld, 1996). In this pastoral range-livestock
system, labour is extensive, using of capital-intensive technologies is
very low to enhance the productivity of the basic resource, a productive
rangeland. Pastoral peoples carry forward an array of diverse cultures,
ecological adaptations and management systems that have changed with
modernity (WISP,2010). Management is characterized by the adaptation
of the feed requirements of the animals to the environment through
migration; land tenure is communal (Jahnke et al, 1989). The major
environmental concern in the system is the degradation of rangelands
through inappropriate range management practices (Seré and Steinfeld,
1996).
 Introduction
Livestock systems occupy about 30 percent of the planet's ice free
terrestrial surface area (Steinfeld et al. 2006). Currently, livestock is one
of the fastest growing agricultural subsectors in developing countries.
Globally, livestock contributes about 40 percent to the agricultural
gross domestic product (GDP) and constitutes about 30 percent of the
agricultural GDP in the developing world (World Bank, 2009). This
growth is driven by the rapidly increasing demand for livestock
products, this demand being driven by population growth, urbanization
and increasing incomes in developing countries (Delgado, 2005).
Livestock is a major contributor to food and nutritional security, and
serves as an important source of livelihood for nearly one billion poor
people in developing countries (Frans et al, 2010). Keeping livestock is
an important risk reduction strategy for vulnerable communities, an
important provider of nutrients and traction for growing crops in
smallholder systems. Livestock products contribute 17 percent to
kilocalorie consumption and 33 percent to protein consumption
globally (Rosegrant et al. 2009). By 2020, consumers in developing
countries will eat 87% more meat and 75% more milk (FAO, 2005).
About 3 billion new middle class consumers may emerge in the next 20
years (McKinsey, 2011) and World Human population in 2050 is
estimated to be 9.15 billion, with a range of 7.96–10.46 billion (UNPD,
2008). This situation results the related ‘nutrition transition’ in diet
changes from staples to higher value foods such as livestock products.
Thus, there is no way to reach the millennium development goal of
doubling of food production by 2050 without making livestock
production more efficient (Irene and Roswitha, 2012). To make more
efficient of livestock production and answering livestock product
demand of the population, increasing livestock productivity through
scientific and technological developments is paramount important. So,
as one of the task for animal scientists, researchers and scholars should
be to understand the present livestock production systems and its
analysis in the continent particularly in the tropics helps to maximize
the improvement of livestock productivity to reach the desired goal.
Therefore, to know in detail about the livestock production system and
it analysis, this review is done from different scientific papers. livestock
and the livestock products, by the function livestock have and by the
management principles of production five classes of livestock
production systems were identified (Jahnke, 1982). They are pastoral
range- livestock production system, crop-livestock production system in
the low lands, crop-livestock production system in the highlands,
ranching and landless livestock production system
 Research Method
Techniques to manage some micro-livestock species are not yet well
established. The development of appropriate husbandry techniques, as
well as a better understanding of the animals particular biological and
behavioral characteristics, will be needed before major progress can be
made. These species for instance rodents, deer, and iguanas) may require
collection of different genotypes, as well as studies of diseases, nutrition,
and management.

Conclusion
 Animal Agriculture is an important aspect of human life
since the beginning of the world.
 Man depends on animals for food and essentialnutrients
especially protein for survival.
 Man should continue to farm and practice humane
 animal agriculture for optimal food production at least cost.
 Animals are man's best friends and they are very reliable
and protective of their friends.
 QUESTIONERY
1) What is the minimum recommended resting area for a market beef
animal?

a) 25 square feet b) 50 square feet

c) 10 square feet d) None

2) Corn silage,pasture, and hay are examples of what type of feed?

a) Leguminous b) Roughages

c) Concentrate d) None

3) What grain raised on Minnesota farms is the most common

concentrate in beef rations?

a) Maize b) Bajara

c) Jowar d) Corn

4). At what age should a beef heifer be bred?

a) 15-18 months b) 10 months

c) 22 months d) 28 months

5) Calcium and phosphorous are examples of what type of nutrients?

a) Vitamins b) Antibiotics

c) Hormones d)Mineral
6) What is a beef animal that naturally lacks horns called?

a) Dehorned b) Polled

c) A or B Both d) None

7) National Fisheries Development Board was established in the year..?

a. 1999 b. 2011

c. 2001 d. 2006.

8) The world Fisheries Day is celebrated on..?

a. 21st November.

b. 21st December.

c. 21st October.

d. 21st February.

9) India’s share of fish production is at least….of the world fish

production per year?

a. ½ b. ¾

c. 1/4 d. ¼

10) Nature of honey is ?

a) Acidic b) Alkaline

c)Neutral d)Turns basic after a few days

11) For how long dose a worker bee live in the summer?

a) For 2 weeks b) For 2 months

c) For 4 months d) For 6 months

12) What is full from of CIRG ?

a) Central of Indian Research on Goats.

b) Central Instiute for Research on Goats.

c) Central Indian Research by Gov.

d) None of the above.

13) Broiler poltry forming is mainly aimed at.?

a) Eggs

b) Meat

c) Quils

d) Animal or birds fat oil

14) Layer poultry farming is mainy aimed at.?

a) Eggs

b) Meat

c) Quils

d) Animal or birds fat oil

15) Flushing ration is given to sheep and goat before ?

a) parturition.

b) Gestation.

c) Breeding .

d) Heat period.

16) Runimant can digest fiber because it contain ?

a) Enzyme amylase

b) Enzyme protease

c) Enzyme cellulose

d) None of above