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Tutorial-12 (Non-Dimensionalisation)

The document discusses applying Buckingham's Pi Theorem to determine the non-dimensional parameters involved in two fluid dynamics problems: 1) Estimating the drag on a torpedo-shaped object moving through air based on tests of a scale model in water. The Pi Theorem is used to show the drag depends on two non-dimensional parameters: the Reynolds number and a drag coefficient. 2) Analyzing Couette flow between parallel plates. The Pi Theorem identifies one non-dimensional parameter that characterizes this flow as the Reynolds number based on plate velocity and gap width. It also notes the Pi Theorem cannot determine the exact functional relationship but identifies relevant non-dimensional groups, and discusses that different repeating variables can be chosen to

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anik bhowmick
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23 views

Tutorial-12 (Non-Dimensionalisation)

The document discusses applying Buckingham's Pi Theorem to determine the non-dimensional parameters involved in two fluid dynamics problems: 1) Estimating the drag on a torpedo-shaped object moving through air based on tests of a scale model in water. The Pi Theorem is used to show the drag depends on two non-dimensional parameters: the Reynolds number and a drag coefficient. 2) Analyzing Couette flow between parallel plates. The Pi Theorem identifies one non-dimensional parameter that characterizes this flow as the Reynolds number based on plate velocity and gap width. It also notes the Pi Theorem cannot determine the exact functional relationship but identifies relevant non-dimensional groups, and discusses that different repeating variables can be chosen to

Uploaded by

anik bhowmick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem 7.

A torpedo shaped object of 900 mm diameter is to move in air at 60 m/s and its drag is to be estimated from
tests in water on a haf scale model. Determine the necessary speed of the model and the drag of the full scale
object if that of the model is found to be 1140N . and p for air and water are 1.86 x 10 Pas, 1.2 kg/m'
and.1.01 x 10 Pas, 1000 kg/m° respectively.
Solution to problem 7.1

First of all, one needs to identifty that the drag force Fp is a function of

F =f(u.dP.u)
So one can rewrite this as

s(Fp,u,d.p,p) = 0

Next we will identify the non-dimensional parameters involved by using Buckingham's Pi Theorem:
Note: in this case m = 5 and n=3

Choose the repeating variables as u, d, p

Then the pi terms can be obtained as

= u'd°p Fp T2u"d"p'u

MOLOTO = (LT-1)" L' (ML3) MLT-2 M°L'T°= (LT"'#(ML")'ML-HT


0=c+1 Solving Solving
0=c+T
a -2 a=-1
0 a+b - 3c +1 b=-2
0 = a+b - 3c - 1

0=-a -2 C - 1
0=-a -1
Then

Fp
pud
So the problem can be described as

h(
"pued2 pud
= 0

D
For dynamic flow similarity, these two non-dimensional parameters must be kept same between model and prototype
So

dm
Substituting values and using a geometrical scale factor 1/2 ie dp 0.5 we get

7 . 8 2 m/s

Also

(-pr,
Substituting values we can solve ror
fDp
Fop322 N
Problem 7.2

Recall Couette Flow. Apply Buckingham's Pi Theorem and identity the non-dimensional parameters involved.

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL,

777
Solution to problem 7.2
The velocity u depends on dp
So the problem can be represented as

Note that m = 6,n =F3


So, there will be 3 7-terms.

Let us choose the repeating variables as uh,


Then the pi terms can be obtained as

dx

Solving for a, b and c for each - tem independenty we get Recall that the actual functional relation is

So finally
=r=
"3 ap
Au dx :(-)
So dimensional analysis can not give the exact
functional relation (for that theoretical approach
is necessary), but it can identify the non-dimensional
varables invoved.
Problem 7.3

The pipe flow problem involves the following physical variables

Ps)=o
Recall that we chose the repeating variables as avg h»P and ended up with the following -terms

zavgDP

Try other possible combinations for the repeating variables and obtain the corresponding T-terms. Are they
same as before or different?
Solution to problem 7.3

Repeating variables In terms of first

avg: DaP Ap D T, 72
puzavg

ag D ApD
luzavg

Da P. A,Di

vg P Aph
Corollary to the PI Theorem
If a system can be defined by m - n pi terms such that

then any Combination of these T- terms can also be new T-terms and then the system can be
represented using m-n such new T - terms e.g.

m-n

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