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The Drilling Rig Type: University of Khartoum Faculty of Engineering: Petroleum and Natural Gas Department

There are several types of drilling rigs used on land and at sea. Land rigs are portable and include jackknife rigs that can be assembled on site. Marine rigs include semi-submersible and drillship rigs suitable for deep water drilling, as well as jack-up, platform, and barge rigs used in shallow coastal waters. Each rig type has features adapted to its operational environment and maximum water depth.

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126 views7 pages

The Drilling Rig Type: University of Khartoum Faculty of Engineering: Petroleum and Natural Gas Department

There are several types of drilling rigs used on land and at sea. Land rigs are portable and include jackknife rigs that can be assembled on site. Marine rigs include semi-submersible and drillship rigs suitable for deep water drilling, as well as jack-up, platform, and barge rigs used in shallow coastal waters. Each rig type has features adapted to its operational environment and maximum water depth.

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University of Khartoum

Faculty of Engineering : Petroleum and Natural Gas Department

Report about:

THE DRILLING RIG TYPE


LAND AND MARINE

Supervisor:
Dr. Ahmed Abdulhamid Mahmoud
By:
Jood Hahim Mohamed Sultan
Index: 178012

March 2021
The Drilling Rig Type:
There are many different types of drilling rigs. Which rig selected depends on the specific
requirements of each drill site.
Rigs are generally categorized as onshore (land) or offshore (marine).

Land rigs:
Land rigs are all similar, and many modern rigs are of the cantilevered mast, or “Jackknife”
derrick type. This type of rig allows the derrick to be assembled on the ground, and then raised to
the vertical position using power from the draw works, or hoisting system. These structures are
made up of prefabricated sections that are moved onto the location by truck, barge, helicopter,
etc.
The main features of land rigs are portability and maximum operating depth. Land rigs are built
so that the derrick can be moved easily and reused for drilling new holes. The various rigs
components are skid-mounted so that the rig can be moved in units and connected easily. The
jackknife, or cantilever, derrick is assembled on the ground with pins and then raised as a unit
using the rig-hoisting equipment. The portable mast which is suitable for moderate depth wells
usually is mounted on wheeled trucks of trailers that incorporate the hoisting machinery, engines,
and derricks as a single unit. The telescoped portable mast is raised to the vertical position and
then extended to full height by hydraulic pistons on the unit.

Fig 01,02,03– Land Rigs


Marine rigs:
Marine rig is a large structure on or in water with facilities to drill wells, to extract and process oil
and natural gas, and to temporarily store product until it can be brought to shore for refining and
marketing. In many cases, the platform contains facilities to house the workforce as well.
Offshore rigs are similar to land rigs but with several additional features to adapt them to the
marine environment. Those features include:
o Heliport
o Living quarters
o Cranes
o Risers
The heliport, also known as the helipad, is a large deck area that is placed high and to the side of
offshore rigs. It is an important feature since helicopters are often the primary means of
transportation. The living quarters usually comprise bedrooms, a dining hall, a recreation room,
office space, and an infirmary. Escape boats are usually located near the living quarters.
Cranes are used to move equipment and material from work boats onto the rig and to shift the
loads around on the rig. Most rigs have more than one crane to ensure that all areas are accessible.
A riser is used to extend the wellhead from the mudline to the surface. On platforms and jackup
rigs, the blowout preventers (BOPs) are mounted above sea level. On floaters, the BOPs are
mounted on the seafloor.
The main features of the marine rigs are portability and maximum water depth operation.
Submersible drilling barges:
generally are used for inland water drilling where wave action is not severe and water depths are
less than 20 ft. The entire rig is assembled on the barge, and the unit is towed to the location and
sunk by flooding the barge. Once drilling is completed, the water is pumped out from the barge,
allowing it to be moved to the next location. After the well is completed, a platform must be built
to protect the wellhead and to support the surface production equipment.

Fig 04- Submersible drilling barges


Jack-up Rig:
When water depth is less than about 350 ft, jack-up can be used. The jack-up is bottom supported
rigs using metallic legs. On location, the legs are lowered to the bottom and the platform is jacked
up above the wave action by means of hydraulic jacks. It is a self-elevating rig, and is used for
smaller, shallower offshore deposits. The rig’s floating platform is towed into position by barges,
then lowers its support legs down to the sea floor, raising the rig above the water’s surface.

Fig 05- Jack-up Rig


Semisubmersible Rigs:
Semisubmersible rigs are more expensive than jackup rigs and, thus, are used mostly in water
depths too great for resting on bottom. Semisubmersible rigs employ large engines to position the
rig over the hole dynamically. This can extend greatly the maximum operating water depth. The
shape of semisubmersible rigs tends to dampen wave motion greatly regardless of wave direction.
This allows its use in areas where wave action is severe. They have a water-depth operating range
of 20ft to 2000ft.

Fig 06- Semisubmersible Rigs

Drillships Rigs:
A second type of floating vessel used in offshore drilling is the drillship. Drillships are designed
with the rig equipment and anchoring system mounted on the central turret. The ship is rotated
about the central turret using thrusters so that the ship always faces incoming waves. This helps to
dampen wave motion.
Fig 07- Drill ship Rigs

Platform Rigs:
Offshore development drilling usually is done from fixed platforms. After the exploratory drilling
program indicates the presence of sufficient petroleum reserves to justify construction costs, one
or more platforms from which many directional wells can be drilled are built and placed on
location. The platforms are placed so that wellbores fanning out in all directions from the
platform can develop the reservoir fully. The various rig components usually are integrated into a
few large modules that a derrick barge quickly can place on the platform.
Large platforms allow the use of a self-contained rig- all rig components are located on the
platform. A platform /tender combination can be used for small platforms. The rig tender, which
is a floating vessel anchored next to the platform, contains the living quarters and many of the rig
components. The rip-up time and operating cost will be less for a platform/tender operation.
However, some operating time may be lost during severe weather.

Fig 08- Platform Rigs

Concrete Platform Rigs:


Concrete offshore structures show an excellent performance. They are highly durable, suitable
for harsh and arctic environment and can carry heavy topsides. Often offer storage capacities and
are very economical for water depths larger than 150m. Gravity type platforms need no additional
fixing because of their large foundation dimensions and extremely high weight.
Fig 09- Concrete Platform Rigs

Compliant tower Rigs:


Compliant tower rigs are similar to fixed platforms, since both are anchored to the seabed and
hold most of their equipment above the surface. Since its design consists of a narrow and flexible
tower, it can withstand large lateral forces by sustaining significant lateral deflections.

Tension-leg Platform Rigs:


Tension-leg Platform. It consists of a floating surface structure held in place by taut, vertical
tendons connected to the seafloor. These long, flexible legs allow for significant side to side
movement, with little vertical movement. TLP can operate as deep as 7000ft.

Spar Platform Rigs:


Spar platforms are among the largest offshore platforms in use. These huge platforms consist of a
large cylinder supporting a typical fixed rig platform. The cylinder however does not extend all
the way to the seafloor, but instead tethered to the bottom by a series of cables and lines. The
large cylinder serves to stabilize the platform in the water, and allows for movement to absorb the
force of potential hurricanes.

Fig 10- Spar Platform Rigs


Fig 11- Compliant tower Rigs Fig 12- Tension-leg Platform Rigs

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