A Report On
Smart Camera As Embedded System”
“
Submitted In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement
For The Award of Third Year of Bachelor of Technology
In Electronics & Telecommunication of
Dr. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE
Submitted By
Dhaval S. Tayade
Durgesh K. Mandlik
Guide
Prof. D. K. Khadse
Department of Electronics &Telecommunication Engineering
ShriSantGadge Baba
College of Engineering and Technology, Bhusawal
DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE
2020-2021
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ShriSantGadge Baba
College of Engineering and Technology,
Bhusawal 425203
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. has successfully completed his
Report on “Smart Camera As Embedded System” for the partial fulfillment of
the Third Year of Bachelor of Technology in the Electronics & Telecommunication as
prescribed by Dr.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
LONERE during academic year 2020-2021.
Prof. D. K. Khadse Dr. G.A. Kulkarni
Guide H.O.D.
Dr. R. P. Singh
Principal
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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the seminar report entitled, “Smart Camera As Embedded
System” was carried out and written by me under the guidance of Prof. D. K.
khadse, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering, ShriSantGadge Baba College of Engineering and Technology,
Bhusawal.This work has not been previously formed the basis for the award of any
degree or diploma or certificate nor has been submitted elsewhere for the award of any
degree or diploma.
Place: Bhusawal
Date:
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Abstract
We generally worry about the wastage of water, when we
switch ON the motor and forget to turn it off. The Water Level
Indicator employs a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the
water level in an overhead tank or any other water container. We
have posted already a Water Level Indicator and Controller using
IC ULN2003. In this article, we are presenting a very useful, cheap
and simple Water Level Indicator circuit using transistors for
beginners. This circuit indicates the level of water in the water tank
using LEDs with transistors.
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INDEX
No. Topic Page
No.
1. Water Level Indicator 5
2. Circuit Components 7
3. Diagram 7
4. Circuit diagram 8
5. Project Features 10
6. Project Description 11
7. Operation 12
8. Uses Of project 15
9. Conclusion and Scope 16
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Water Level Indicator
The Water Level Indicator employs a simple mechanism to
detect and indicate the water level in an overhead tank or any
other water container. The sensing is done by using a set of nine
probes which are placed at nine different levels on the tank walls
The last level represents the “tank full” condition while level 1
represents the “tank empty” condition.
When the water-level is below the minimum detectable
level (MDL), the seven segment displays is arranged to show the
digit 1, indicating that the tank is empty, When the water
reaches level1 the connection between the probes gets
completed and the base voltage of transistor increases. This
causes the base-emitter junction of transistor to get forward
biased, this switches transistor from cut-off to conduction mode
thus PIN (B0) of microcontroller is pulled to ground hence, the
corresponding digit displayed by the seven segment display is 2.
The similar mechanism applies to the detection of all the other
levels. Wyhen the tank is full, all inputs to microcontroller
become low and all its outputs go high. This causes the display
shows a also in this case a buzzer sound is given, thereby
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indicating a “tank full”condition.
Most water level indicators are equipped to indicate and
detect only a single level. The Water Level Indicator
implemented here can indicate up to nine such levels and the
microcontroller displays the level number on a seven segment
display. So, not only is the circuit capable of cautioning a person
that the water tank has been filled up to a certain level, it also
indicates that the water level has fallen below the minimum
detectable level. This circuit is important in appliances such as
the water cooler where there is a danger of motor-burnout when
there is no water in the radiator used up also it can be used in
fuel level indication.
In this project we show the water level indicator using eight
transistors which conducts as level rises, a buzzer is also added
which will automatically start as the water level becomes full,
auto buzzer start with the help of microcontroller. With the help
of this project we not only show the level of water with the help
of seven segment display but also a buzzer.
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Circuit Components
4 – BC547 transistors
3 – 220-ohm resistors
3 – LEDs
1 – Buzzer
5 – 9v battery + battery clip/power supply
some pieces of wire
Diagram
10
Circuit diagram
11
Points of BC 547
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Resistor 220 Ohm
Water Level Indicator Project Features
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Easyinstallation.
Lowmaintenance.
Compact elegantdesign.
The Automatic water level controller ensures no overflows or
dry running of pump there by saves electricity andwater.
Avoid seepage of roofs and walls due to overflowingtanks.
Fully automatic, saves manpower.
Consume very little energy, ideal for continuousoperation.
Automatic water level controller provides you the flexibility to
decide for yourself the water levels for operations of pump set.
Shows clear indication of water levels in the overheadtank.
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Water Level Indicator Project Description
A constant 5v power supply is given to the microcontroller and
rest of the circuit from abattery.
The tank has conductive sensors embedded into it and wires of
sensors out of connected to transistors and the is last connected
to 5v+supply.
The use of transistor is it acts as inverter all transistors outputs
are connected to 1,2,3 pins (PORTB)
Output for the last level (i.e. tank full condition) is not only
shown in seven segment display but also indicated with a
continuous buzzersound.
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Operation
The operation of this project is very simple and can be
understood easily. In our project “water level indicator” there
are 3 main conditions:
1.There is no water available in the sourcetank.
2.Intermediate level
3.There is ample amount of
water available in the tank
So let us discuss on the more
about these 3 conditions
CONDITION 1: Water not available
When the tank is empty there is no conductive path
between any of the indicating probes and the common probe so
the transistor base emitter region will not have sufficient biasing
voltage hence it remains in cut off region and the output across
its collector will be Vc approximately 4.2v. As in this case the
microcontroller is used in the active low region now the output
of transistor which is 4.2v approximately will be considered as
LOW by the microcontroller and hence the default value given
by microcontroller to the segment display is 1 which indicates as
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the tank is empty
CONDITION 2: Intermediate levels
Now as the water starts filling in the tank a conductive path
is established between the sensing probes and the common
probe and the corresponding transistors get sufficient biasing at
their base, they starts conducting and now the outputs will be
Vce In this project while the water level reaches i.e. last but one
level along with display in segment a discontinuous buzzer is
activated which warns user that tank is going to be full soon.
CONDITION 3: Water full
When the tank becomes full, the top level probe gets the
conductive path through water and the corresponding transistor
gets into conduction whose output given to microcontroller with
this input microcontroller not only displays the level in segment
display but also activates the continuous buzzer by which user
can understand that tank is full Flow chart gives the clear
and easy understanding of the project. The process
goes on as follows: The microcontroller checks if the tank
is full if the condition is satisfied it indicates the same on display
unit and also sounds a buzzer if the condition fails it checks if
the tank is filled upto last level and this process continues and
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the corresponding level is indicated in the displayunit.
Uses Of Water Level Indicator
Water tank level control
Automatically turn ON/OFF water pumps
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It is used in factories, commercial complexes, apartments,
home,
Fuel tank level indicator
Oil tank level control and indicator
High & low-level alarms
Pool water level control
Leach-ate level control
Cooling tower water level control
Sewage pump level control
Remote monitoring liquid
Pump controller Auto
Stream level monitoring auto
Conclusion and Scope
Applications of Water Level Indicator
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Automatic Water level Controller can be used in Hotels,
Factories, Homes Apartments, Commercial Complexes,
Drainage, etc., It can be fixed for single phase motor, Single
Phase Submersibles, Three Phase motors. (For 3Æ and Single
Phase Submersible Starter is necessary) and open well, Bore
well and Sump. We can control two motor and two sumps and
two overhead tanks by singleunit.
Automatic water level controller will automatically START
the pump set as soon as the water level falls below the
predetermined level (usually 1/2 tank) and shall SWITCH OFF
the pump set as soon as tank isfull.
Fuel level indicator invehicles.
Liquid level indicator in the huge containers in thecompanies.
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