[Ch.

6] Sequences and Series 486 Mathematics (Part-I)

 48r (3r – 1) – 25 (3r – 1) = 0

 (3r – 1) (48r – 25) = 0
1 25
 r = or r =
3 48
1 1
When a = , r = then
3 3
1
a 3 1 1 1 1
= 1 = 1, a = , ar = =
r 3 3 3 9
3

om
1 25
When a = , r =
3 48
1
a 3 16 1 1 25 25
= = , a = , ar = =
r 25 25 3 3 48 144

.c
48
So the required numbers are
1 1
1, 3 ,
16 1 25
9 or 25 , 3 , 144
FORMULAE FOR THE SUMS
ty
ci
n

k=1
1 = n
em

n
 k=
n (n + 1)
1 + 2 + 3 + ……. + n = 2
k=1
n

n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
le

2 2 2 2
1 + 2 + 3 + ……. + n = k2 = 6
k=1
n 2
ta

k =  
3 3 3 3 n (n + 1) 
3
1 + 2 + 3 + ……. + n =
k=1
 2 
EXERCISE 6.11
Sum the following series upto n terms.
Q.1 1  1 + 2  4 + 3  7 + .......
Solution:
an of 1, 2, 3, ……. is n  an = a1 + (n – 1) d
and an of 1, 4, 7, ……. is 1 + (n – 1) (+ 3) = 3n – 2 so nth term of the given series is
2 2
Tn = n (3n – 2) = 3n – 2n  Tk = 3k – 2k
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 [Ch.6] Sequences and Series 487 Mathematics (Part-I)

Let Sn is the required sum then

Sn = T1 + T2 + ……. + Tn
n
= 
k=1
Tk

n
= 
k=1
(3k2 – 2k)

n n
 3k2 – 

om
= 2k
k=1 k=1
n n
= 3 
k=1
k2 – 2
k=1
 k

.c
n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1)
= 3 6 –2 2

=
n (n + 1) (2n + 1) 2n (n + 1)
2
n (n + 1)
– 2 ty
[2n + 1 – 2]
ci
= 2
n (n + 1)
= [2n – 1]
em

2
n (n + 1) (2n – 1)
= 2
n
= 2 (2n2 – n + 2n – 1)
le

n
= 2 (2n2 + n – 1)
ta

Q.2 1  3 + 3  6 + 5  9 + .......
Solution:
an of 1, 3, 5, ……. is 1 + (n – 1) (2) = 2n – 1
an of 3, 6, 9, ……. is 3 + (n – 1) (3) = 3n
so nth term of the given series is
Tn = (2n – 1) (3n) = 6n2 – 3n  Tk = 6k2 – 3k
Let Sn be the required sum
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 [Ch.6] Sequences and Series 488 Mathematics (Part-I)

 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn
n
= 
k=1
Tk

n
= 
k=1
(6k2 – 3k)

n n
= 6
k=1
 2
k –3
k=1
 k

om
n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1)
= 6 –3
6 2
2n (n + 1) (2n + 1) 3n (n + 1)
= –
2 2

.c
n (n + 1) n (n + 1) (4n – 1)
= 2 [4n + 2 – 3] = 2
Q.3 1  4 + 2  7 + 3  10 + ..........
Solution:
an of 1, 2, 3, ……. is n
ty
ci
an of 4, 7, 10, ……. is 4 + (n – 1) (3) = 3n + 1
nth term of the given series is
em

Tn = n (3n + 1) = 3n2 + n
and Tk = k (3k + 1) = 3k2 + k
Let Sn be the required sum
 Sn = T1 + T2 + ……. + Tn
le

n
=  Tk
ta

k=1
n
= 
k=1
(3k2 + k)

n n
= 
k=1
3k2 + 
k=1
k

n n
= 3
k=1
 k2 + 
k=1
k

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 [Ch.6] Sequences and Series 489 Mathematics (Part-I)

n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1)
= 3 6 + 2
n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1)
= +
2 2
n (n + 1)
= [2n + 1 + 1]
2
n (n + 1) (2n + 2) 2n (n + 1) (n + 1)
=
2 = = n (n + 1)2
2
Q.4 3  5 + 5  9 + 7  13 + ..........

om
Solution:
an of 3, 5, 7, ……. is 3 + (n – 1) (2) = 2n + 1
an of 5, 9, 13, ……. is 5 + (n – 1) (4) = 4n + 1

.c
so nth term of the given series is
Tn = (2n + 1) (4n + 1) = 8n2 + 6n + 1
and Tk = 8k2 + 6k + 1
Let Sn be the required sum
 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn
ty
ci
n
=  Tk
em

k=1
n
= 
k=1
(8k2 + 6k + 1)
le

n n n
= 
k=1
8k + 2

k=1
6k + 
k=1
1
ta

n n n
= 8
k=1
 k +62

k=1
 k+ 
k=1
1

n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1)
= 8 6
+6 2 +n

4n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
= 3 + 3n (n + 1) + n

4n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
= + 3n2 + 3n + n
3
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 [Ch.6] Sequences and Series 490 Mathematics (Part-I)

n (4n + 4) (2n + 1)
= 3 + 3n2 + 4n

= n
(4n + 4) (2n + 1) + 9n + 12 
 3 
n
= [8n2 + 12n + 4 + 9n + 12]
3
n 2
= [8n + 21n + 16]
3
Q.5 12 + 32 + 52 + .......... (Lahore Board 2006)
Solution:

om
an of 1, 3, 5, ……. is 1 + (n – 1) (2) = 2n – 1
nth term of the given series is
Tn = (2n – 1)2 = 4n2 – 4n + 1
and Tk = 4k2 – 4k + 1

.c
Let Sn be the required sum
 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn

= 
n

k=1
n
Tk ty
ci
= 
k=1
(4k2 – 4k + 1)
em

n n n
= 
k=1
2
4k – 
k=1
4k + 
k=1
1

n n n
= 4  2
k –4  k+  1
le

k=1 k=1 k=1

n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1)
= 4 6 –4 2 +n
ta

2n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
= 3 – 2n (n + 1) + n

= n – 2 (n + 1) + 1 
2n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
 3 
2 (n + 1) (2n + 1) – 6 (n + 1) + 3
= n 3
n
= 3 [4n2 + 6n + 2 – 6n – 6 + 3]
n
= 3 [4n2 – 1]
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 [Ch.6] Sequences and Series 491 Mathematics (Part-I)

Q.6 22 + 52 + 82 + ..........
Solution:
an of 2, 5, 8, ……. is 2 + (n – 1) (3) = 3n – 1
nth term of the given series is
Tn = (3n – 1)2 = 9n2 – 6n + 1
and Tk = 9k2 – 6k + 1
Let Sn be the required sum
 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn

om
n
= 
k=1
Tk

n


.c
= 9k2 – 6k + 1
k=1

= 
n

k=1
9k – 2

n

k=1
6k + 
n

k=1
ty
1
ci
n n n
= 9
k=1
 k –62

k=1
 k+ 
k=1
1
em

9n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1)
= –6 +n
6 2
3n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
= 2 – 3n (n + 1) + n
le

n
= 2 [3 (n + 1) (2n + 1) – 6 (n + 1) + 2]
ta

n
= 2 [6n2 + 9n + 3 – 6n – 6 + 2]

n 2
= [6n + 3n – 1]
2
Q.7 2  12 + 4  22 + 6  32 + .......
Solution:
an of 2, 4, 6, ……. is 2 + (n – 1) (2) = 2n
an of 1, 2, 3, ……. is n

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 [Ch.6] Sequences and Series 492 Mathematics (Part-I)

nth term of the given series is

Tn = 2n (n)2 = 2n3
and Tk = 2k3
Let Sn be the required sum
 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn
n n
= 
k=1
Tk =  2k3
k=1

om
n 2


k = 2
n (n + 1) 
3
= 2
k=1
 2 

n2 (n + 1)2 n2 (n + 1)2
= 2 =
4 2

.c
Q.8 3  22 + 5  32 + 7  42 + .......
Solution:
an of 3, 5, 7, ……. is 3 + (n – 1) (2) = 2n + 1
an of 2, 3, 4, ……. is n + 1
ty
ci
nth term of the given series is
Tn = (2n + 1) (n + 1)2 = 2n3 + 5n2 + 4n + 1
em

and Tk = 2k3 + 5k2 + 4k + 1

Let Sn be the required sum
 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn
le

n
= 
k=1
Tk
ta

n
= 
k=1
(2k3 + 5k2 + 4k + 1)

n n n n
= 
k=1
2k + 3

k=1
2
5k + 
k=1
4k +
k=1
 1

n n n n
= 2
k=1
 k3 + 5 
k=1
k2 + 4 
k=1
k+
k=1
 1

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 [Ch.6] Sequences and Series 493 Mathematics (Part-I)
2
= 2
n (n + 1)  n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1)
+5 +4 +n
 2  6 2
n2 (n + 1)2 5n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
= + + 2n (n + 1) + n
2 6
n2 (n2 + 2n + 1) 5n (2n + 3n + 1)
2
= + + 2n (n + 1) + n
2 6
n
=
6
[3n (n2 + 2n + 1) + 5 (2n2 + 3n + 1) + 12 (n + 1) + 6]
n 3 2 2
6 [3n + 6n + 3n + 10n + 15n + 5 + 12n + 12 + 6]

om
=

n
= 6 [3n3 + 16n2 + 30n + 23]

Q.9 2  4  7 + 3  6  10 + 4  8  13 + …….

.c
Solution:
an of 2, 3, 4, ……. is n + 1
an of 4, 6, 8, ……. is 4 + (n – 1) 2 = 2n + 2
an of 7, 10, 13, ……. is 7 + (n – 1) (3) = 3n + 4
ty
ci
nth term of the given series is
Tn = (n + 1) (2n + 2) (3n + 4) = 6n3 + 20n2 + 22n + 8
em

and Tk = 6k3 + 20k2 + 22k + 8

Let Sn be the required sum
 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn
le

n
= 
k=1
Tk
ta

n
= 
k=1
(6k3 + 20k2 + 22k + 8)

n n n n
= 
k=1
6k +
3

k=1
20k +
2

k=1
22k + 
k=1
8

n n n n
= 6
k=1
 3
k + 20 
k=1
2
k + 22 
k=1
k+
k=1
 8

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 [Ch.6] Sequences and Series 494 Mathematics (Part-I)

n2 (n + 1)2 n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1)
= 6 4 + 20 6 + 22 2 + 8n

3n2 (n2 + 1 + 2n) 10n (n + 1) (2n + 1)

= + + 11n (n + 1) + 8n
2 3
2 2
= n
 3n (n + 1 + 2n) + 10 (2n + 3n + 1) + 11 (n + 1) + 8 
 2 3 
2 2
= n
 9n (n + 1 + 2n) + 20 (2n + 3n + 1) + 66 (n + 1) + 48 
 6 
n
[9n3 + 9n + 18n2 + 40n2 + 60n + 20 + 66n + 66 + 48]

om
=
6
n 3 2
= 6 [9n + 58n + 135n + 134]

Q.10 1  4  6 + 4  7  10 + 7  10  14 + .......

.c
Solution:
an of 1, 4, 7, ……. is 1 + (n – 1)3 = 3n – 2
an of 4, 7, 10, ……. is 4 + (n – 1) (3) = 3n + 1
an of 6, 10, 14, ……. is 6 + (n – 1) (4) = 4n + 2
ty
ci
nth term of the given series is
Tn = (3n – 2) (3n + 1) (4n + 2) = 36n3 + 6n2 – 14n – 4
em

and Tk = 36k3 + 6k2 – 14k – 4

Let Sn be the required sum
 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn
le

n
= 
k=1
Tk
ta

n
= 
k=1
(36k3 + 6k2 – 14k – 4)

n n n n
= 36
k=1
 k3 + 6 
k=1
k2 – 14 
k=1
k–4 
k=1
k

n2 (n + 1)2 n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1)
= 36 4 + 6 6 – 14 2 – 4n

= 9n2 (n2 + 1 + 2n) + n (2n2 + 3n + 1) – 7n (n + 1) – 4n

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 [Ch.6] Sequences and Series 495 Mathematics (Part-I)
3 2 2
= n [9n + 9n + 18n + 2n + 3n + 1 – 7n – 7 – 4]

= n [9n3 + 20n2 + 5n – 10]

Q.11 1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) +..........
Solution:
nth term of the given series is
n (n + 1) 1
Tn = 1 + 2 + 3 + ……. n = = (n2 + n)
2 2
1 2

om
and Tk = (k + k)
2
Let Sn be the required sum
 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn

.c
n
= 
k=1
Tk

= 
n
2 1
2 (k + k)
ty
ci
k=1
n n
 
1 1
= 2 k2 + 2 k
em

k=1 k=1
1 n (n + 1) (2n + 1) 1 n (n + 1)
= 2 6 +2 2
1 n (n + 1)  2n + 1
+1
le

= 2 2  3 
n (n + 1)  2n + 1 + 3 
ta

= 4  3 
n (n + 1)  2n + 4  n (n + 1) (n + 2)
= =
4  3  6
Q.12 12 + (12 + 22) + (12 + 22 + 32) + ........
Solution:
nth term of the given series is
n (n + 1) (2n + 1) 1
Tn = 12 + 22 + 32 + ……. n2 = = 6 (2n3 + 3n2 + n)
6

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 [Ch.6] Sequences and Series 496 Mathematics (Part-I)

1
and Tk = 2 (2k3 + 3k2 + k)

Let Sn be the required sum

 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn
n
=
k=1
 Tk

n

1 3 2
=
6 (2k + 3k + k)
k=1

om
1  
n n n
=
6  2
 k=1
 k3
+ 3
k=1
k2
+ 
k=1 
k 
2 2
1  n (n + 1) n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1) 
= 2 +3 +
6  4 6 2 

.c
2
1  n (n + 1)2 n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1) 
= 6 + +
 2 2 2 
=
n (n + 1)
12
n (n + 1) 2
ty
[n (n + 1) + (2n + 1) + 1]
ci
= 12
[n + n + 2n + 1 + 1]
n (n + 1) 2
= [n + 3n + 2]
em

12
n (n + 1) 2
= 12 [n + 2n + n + 2]
n (n + 1)
= 12 [(n + 1) (n + 2)]
le

n (n + 1)2 (n + 2)
= 12
ta

Q.13 2 + (2 + 5) + (2 + 5 + 8) + ........
Solution:
nth term of the given series is
Tn = 2 + 5 + 8 + …….
Using Sn = [2a1 + (n – 1) d]  a1 = 2, d = 3
n
Tn = 2 [2 (2) + (n – 1) (3)]
n 1
= 2 [3n + 1] = (3n2 + n)
2
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 [Ch.6] Sequences and Series 497 Mathematics (Part-I)

Let Sn be the required sum

 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn
n n
 
1 2
= Tk =
2 (3k + k)
k=1 k=1
1  
n n
=
2  3
 k=1
 2
k + 
k=1 
k

1  n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1) 
= 2 +
2  6 2 

om
1  n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1) 
= +
2  2 2 
1 n (n + 1)
= [2n + 1 + 1]
2 2
1

.c
= 4 n (n + 1) (2n + 2)
n (n + 1) (n + 1) n (n + 1)2
= =
Q.14 Sum the series.
(i)
2 2
ty
12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + ........ (2n – 1)2 – (2n)2
ci
(ii) 12 – 32 + 52 – 72 + ........ (4n – 3)2 – (4n – 1)2
12 12 + 22 12 + 22 + 32
(iii) + + + ...... + to n terms
em

1 2 3
Solution:
(i) 12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + ........ (2n – 1)2 – (2n)2
As Tn = (2n – 1)2 – (2n)2 = 4n2 – 4n + 1 – 4n2
= – 4n + 1
le

Tk = – 4k + 1
Let Sn be the required sum
ta

 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn
n n
= 
k=1
Tk = 
k=1
(– 4k + 1)

n n
= –4  +
k=1 k=1
 1

n (n + 1)
= –4 2 + n = – 2 n (n + 1) + n
= – 2n2 – 2n + n = – 2n2 – n = – n (2n + 1)
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 [Ch.6] Sequences and Series 498 Mathematics (Part-I)

(ii) 12 – 32 + 52 – 72 + ........ (4n – 3)2 – (4n – 1)2

Tn = (4n – 3)2 – (4n – 1)2 = 16n2 – 24n + 9 – 16n2 + 8n – 1
= – 16n + 8
Tk = – 16k + 8
Let Sn be the required sum
 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn
n n
= 
k=1
Tk = 
k=1
(– 16k + 8)

n n

om
= – 16 
k=1
k+8 
k=1
1

n (n + 1)
= – 16 + 8n
2
= – 8n (n + 1) + 8n = – 8n2 – 8n + 8n = – 8n2

.c
12 12 + 22 12 + 22 + 32
(iii) + + + ...... to n terms
1 2 3
1 2 2 2
Tn = n [1 + 2 + 3 + ……. + n ]
2 ty
= n
1 n (n + 1) (2n + 1)  1
ci
= 6 (2n2 + 3n + 1)
 6 
1
Tk = 6 (2k2 + 3k + 1)
em

Let Sn be the required sum

Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn
n n
 
1
(2k2 + 3k + 1)
le

= Tk = 6
k=1 k=1
1  
n n n
  
ta

= 6 2 k2 + 3 k+ 1
 k=1 k=1 k=1 

= 6 2 +n
1 n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1)
+3
 6 2 
= 6 
1 2n (n + 1) (2n + 1) + 9n (n + 1) + 6n 
 6 
n
=
36
[2 (2n2 + 3n + 1) + 9 (n + 1) + 6]
n
= 36 [4n2 + 15n + 17]

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 [Ch.6] Sequences and Series 499 Mathematics (Part-I)

Q.15 Find the sum to n terms of the series whose nth terms are given
(i) 3n2 + n + 1 (ii) n2 + 4n + 1
Solution:
(i) 3n2 + n + 1
Tn = 3n2 + n + 1
Tk = 3k2 + k + 1
Let Sn be the required sum

om
 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn
n n
= 
k=1
Tk = 
k=1
(3k2 + k + 1)

.c
n n n
= 3 
k=1
2
k + 
k=1
k+ 
k=1
1

= 3
n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1)
6
+ 2 +n
ty
ci
n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1) 2n
= 2 + 2 + 2
em

n
= 2 [(n + 1) (2n + 1) + n + 1 + 2]

n 2
= 2 [2n + n + 2n + 1 + n + 3]
le

n
= 2 [2n2 + 4n + 4] = n (n2 + 2n + 2)
ta

(ii) n2 + 4n + 1
As Tn = n2 + 4n + 1
Tk = k2 + 4k + 1
Let Sn be the required sum
 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn
n n
= 
k=1
Tk =  (k2 + 4k + 1)
k=1
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 [Ch.6] Sequences and Series 500 Mathematics (Part-I)

n n n
= 
k=1
2
k +4
k=1
 k+ 
k=1
1

n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1)
= +4 +n
6 2
n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
= + 2n (n + 1) + n
6
n
=
6
[(n + 1) (2n + 1) + 12 (n + 1) + 6]
n
[2n2 + 3n + 1 + 12n + 12 + 6]

om
=
6
n 2
= 6 [2n + 15n + 19]

Q.16 Given nth terms of the series. Find the sum to 2n terms.

.c
(i) 3n2 + 2n + 1 (ii) n3 + 2n + 3
Solution:
(i) 3n2 + 2n + 1
As Tn = 3n2 + 2n + 1
Tk = 3k2 + 2k + 1
ty
ci
Let Sn be the sum of n terms
Then Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn
em

n n
= 
k=1
Tk =  (3k2 + 2k + 1)
k=1
n n n
le

= 3
k=1
 k2 + 2
k=1

k=1
k+1 
ta

n (n + 1) (2n + 1) n (n + 1)
= 3 6 + 2 2 +n

n (n + 1) (2n + 1) 2n (n + 1)
= + +n
2 2
n
= 2 [(n + 1) (2n + 1) + 2 (n + 1) + 2]

n
=
2
[2n2 + 3n + 1 + 2n + 2 + 2]
n
= 2 [2n2 + 5n + 5]  (1)

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 [Ch.6] Sequences and Series 501 Mathematics (Part-I)

To find sum up to 2n terms

 put n = 2n in (1)
2n
S2n =
2
[2 (2n)2 + 5 (2n) + 5]
= n [8n2 + 10n + 5]
(ii) n3 + 2n + 3
As Tn = n3 + 2n + 3
Tk = k3 + 2k + 3

om
Let Sn be the sum of n terms
 Sn = T1 + T2 + T3 + ……. + Tn
n n
=  Tk =  (k + 2k + 3)
3

.c
k=1 k=1
n n n
=
k=1
 3
k +2 
k=1
k+3 
k=1 ty
1

2
= 
n (n + 1)  n (n + 1)
ci
+2 + 3n
 2  2
2 2
n (n + 1)
em

= 4
+ n (n + 1) + 3n

n 2
= 4 [n (n + 1 + 2n) + 4 (n + 1) + 12]

n
le

= 4 [n3 + n + 2n2 + 4n + 4 + 12]

n
= 4 [n3 + 2n2 + 5n + 16]  (1)
ta

To find sum of 2n terms of the given series

Put n = 2n in (1), we get
2n
S2n = 4 [(2n)3 + 2 (2n)2 + 5 (2n) + 16]

n 3 2
= 2 [8n + 8n + 10n + 16]

= n (4n3 + 4n2 + 5n + 8)

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