MATH 8 Q3 MODULE 5 22p
MATH 8 Q3 MODULE 5 22p
CONTENT STANDARD
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of axiomatic structure of
geometry and triangle congruence
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner is able to formulate an organized plan to handle a real-life situation and
communicate mathematical thinking with coherence and clarity in formulating, investigating,
analyzing, and solving real-life problems involving congruent triangles using appropriate and
accurate representations.
LEARNING COMPETENCY:
The learner proves statements on triangle congruence.
This module is written and designed to help you improve your skills in proving triangle
congruence. Specifically, this will guide you to the step by step process of proving two
congruent segments or angles by first proving that two triangles are congruent. The lesson in
this module will also give you an opportunity to use your prior knowledge and skills in
illustrating triangle congruence, identifying when two triangles are congruent using congruent
postulates and theorems, and writing proofs in proving triangle congruence.
What I Know
Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about CPCTC?
A. If you prove that two triangles are congruent, then the corresponding sides and angles
are congruent.
B. Before you prove that two triangles are congruent, you must prove first that the
corresponding sides and angles are congruent.
C. CPCTC is used in proofs before it was proven that two triangles are congruent.
D. After proving that two triangles are congruent, you cannot make conclusions that the
remaining sides and angles are also congruent.
For items 3 and 4. Fill the blanks with the letter of the correct answer to complete the proof.
J
S D
M
Proof:
Statements Reasons
SJ DJ Given
7. Which pair of triangles below are congruent by Side Angle Side Postulate?
A. C.
2
B. D.
8. In the given proof below, which postulate must be used so that AXD EXF ?
Statement Reason
1. X is the midpoint of DF 1. Given
2. Midpoint bisects segment into
2. DX XF congruent parts.
3. AXD EXF 3. Vertical angles are congruent.
4. AX XE 4. Given
5. AXD EXF 5.
6. AD EF 6. CPCTC
B
10. In the diagram below, CV DV . What additional information is
needed to prove that OVC is congruent to IVD by ASA? C O
A. OV IV C. O I
V
B. C D D. CO DI
I D
For items 11 and 12. Use the information below to supply the missing reasons of the proof.
L V
E
3
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. EOL EOV 1. Given
2. OE OE 2.
3. OEL and OEV are right
3. Given
angles
4. OEL OEV 4. All right angles are congruent
5. OEL OEV 5.
6. EL EV 6. CPCTC
13. Which of the following statement is FALSE about the figure below?
A V
A. ABS CVN
B. A V
C. AS CV
D. AB VN
B S C N
For items 14 and 15. Use the information below to supply the missing reasons of the proof.
T B Q
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. BTS BQS 1. Given
2. SB bisects TSQ 2. Given
3. TSB QSB 3.
4. SB SB 4. Reflexive Property
5. TBS QBS 5.
6. TS QS 6. CPCTC
4
B. Definition of Angle Bisector D. Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal
15. What is the reason for statement no. 5?
A. SSS Postulate C. HL Theorem
B. SAS Postulate D. AAS Theorem
What’s In
Before you proceed, check yourself first if you already know the skills needed for you to
understand this module. By doing the following activities, you will recall your knowledge about
triangle congruence postulates and theorems.
I. Given the markings, list the corresponding congruent parts. Then, write the congruence
statement for each pair of triangles.
Example:
Congruence
ABC DEF
Statement
CA FD A E F
Congruent Sides AB DE
BC EF
CAB FDE C B D
Congruent Angles ABC DEF
BCA EFD
A
Congruence R
A
Statement
Congruent Sides T M
Congruent Angles
LG
B
Congruence T
Statement
W
Congruent Sides I
E
Congruent Angles
C
5
II. Tell the postulate or theorem applied for each pair of congruent triangles. Choose your
answer from the box below.
O BE L O V
C A
E P N
L
D F O
5. PGB TGB
G
B
P T
6
What’s New
Popoy and his friends went for a day tour hike in Doña Remedios Trinidad. Before they
reach the peak of Tila Pilon Hills, they came across a river with small waterfalls. Everyone is
excited to experience the waterfalls, but they want to know how wide the river first before they
crossed it. To do this, they set-up two congruent triangles as shown below. How wide is the
river?
Do you think Popoy and his friends figured out the width of the river without actually
measuring it? If Yes, how did they arrive at the correct answer? Justify your answer supported
by a Postulate or Theorems on Triangle Congruence.
.
7
What is It
From your previous module on triangle congruence you learn that two triangles are
congruent if the three pairs of corresponding sides have equal lengths and the three pairs of
corresponding angles have equal measures.
However, applying SSS Postulate, SAS Postulate, ASA Postulate, AAS Theorem, and
HL Theorem, you can also prove that the two triangles are congruent, and when two triangles
are congruent you can conclude that the remaining corresponding sides and angles are
congruent since Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent (CPCTC).
The following examples in this module will help you prove statements on triangle
congruence.
Illustrative Examples
B D
1. Given: AB ED , BC DC , AC EC
Prove: BAC DEC
C
A E
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. AB ED 1. Given
2. BC DC 2. Given
3. AC EC 3. Given
4. ABC EDC 4. SSS Postulate
5. Corresponding Parts of Congruent
5. BAC DEC
Triangles are Congruent (CPCTC)
Analysis:
You can prove BAC DEC if you already proved that ABC EDC
. It is already given that AB ED , BC DC , AC EC . Marking the necessary
sides shows that ABC EDC by SSS Postulate. Since the two triangles are
congruent, BAC DEC by Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are
Congruent (CPCTC).
8
O
R I
Proof: B
Statements Reasons
1. B is the midpoint of RI 1. Given
2. RB IB 2. Definition of Midpoint
3. OB ⊥ RI 3. Given
4. RBO and IBO are right 4. Perpendicular lines form right
angles angles
6. BO BO 6. Reflexive property
7. RBO IBO 7. SAS Postulate
8. RO IO 8. CPCTC
Analysis:
Thus, RBO IBO because all right angles are congruent. By Reflexive
Property, BO BO . This means that RBO IBO by SAS postulate and
RO IO by Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent.
H O
E M
9
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. EHM OMH 1. Given
2. HM HM 2. Reflexive Property
3. OH EM 3. Given
4. Alternate Interior Angles are
4. OHM EMH
congruent
5. EMH OHM 5. ASA Postulate
6. EH OM 6. CPCTC
Analysis:
It is given that EHM OMH . The common side HM of both triangles can
be proved as HM HM by the reflexive property of congruency. OH EM and
you know that if parallel lines cut by a transversal, then the alternate interior angles are
congruent, OHM EMH by alternate interior angles. This means
EMH OHM by ASA postulate and EH OM by CPCTC.
3. Given: SI ⊥ AP , AR ⊥ SP
AR SI I R
Prove: PR PI
A S
Proof
Statements Reasons
1. SI ⊥ AP , AR ⊥ SP 1. Given
2. PRA and PIS are right angles 2. Definition of Perpendicular lines
3. PRA PIS 3. All right angles are congruent
4. APR SPI 4. Reflexive Property
5. AR SI 5. Given
6. PRA PIS 6. AAS Theorem
6. PR PI 6. CPCTC
10
Analysis:
What’s More
Guided Practice
A. Fill in the blanks with correct Statements and Reasons to complete the proof. The
choices are written in the box below.
A E
1. Given: AL EX and AX EL
Prove: XAL LEX
Proof: L X
Statements Reasons
1. AL EX 1.
2. 2. Given
3. LX LX 3.
4. 4. SSS Postulate
5. XAL LEX 5.
CPCTC Given
Reflexive Property
11
B Y
2. Given : BA YX , B Y
BC YZ
Prove: AC XZ
Proof: A C Z X
Statements Reasons
1. BA YX 1. Given
2. 2. Given
3. BC YZ 3.
4. 4. SAS Postulate
5. AC XZ 5.
CPCTC Given
B. Fill in the blanks with correct Statements and Reasons to complete the two-column proof
of each problem.
T
Proof: Y
Statements Reasons
1. SA bisects TSY and TAY 1. Given
2. TSA YSA 2.
3. 3. Definition of Angle Bisector
4. 4. Reflexive Property
5. TSA YSA 5.
6. STA SYA 6. CPCTC
12
F R
2. Given: RN ⊥ FR , RN ⊥ NT
RO NO O
Prove: F T
Proof: N T
Statements Reasons
1. RN ⊥ FR , RN ⊥ NT 1.
2. TNO and FRO are right 2. Definition of right angles
angles
3. TNO FRO 3.
4. 4. Vertical angles are congruent
5. RO NO 5.
6. 6.
7. F T 7.
Independent Practice
Write a two-column proof for each problem below.
K
Proof A
Statements Reasons
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
13
O
2. Given: OS ⊥ SL , OU ⊥ UL
OS OU
Prove: SLO ULO S U
Proof L
Statements Reasons
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.
7. 7.
Do you now have a clear understanding about proving two congruent segments or
angles by CPCTC? Let us now sum up all your learning by completing the 143 statements
below.
Direction: Share learned insight/skills in proving statements on congruent triangles.
Write 1 thing you appreciate about CPCTC that you see a connection
1 to real-life.
4
segments or angles congruent by CPCTC.
Discuss 3 things that you feel the need to further study in order for
you to improve your skills in completing a two-column proof.
3
14
What I Can Do
You can use your knowledge in proving two congruent segments or angles to find the
distance between two different places. Let us consider the map of Bulacan below. Notice that
the indicated distances are just an approximation and may not be an exact distance between
these municipalities and a city.
San Miguel
San Ildefonso
Doña Remedios Trinidad
San Rafael
Bustos
Angat
Pulilan
Calumpit Pandi Norzagaray
Plaridel
Malolos
Situation:
The map of Bulacan above shows four nearby municipalities and city. The municipality
of Pandi is exactly half-way between San Jose del Monte City and Calumpit. Also, it is exactly
in between the municipalities of Obando and San Rafael.
If it is known that the distance between Pandi and San Jose del Monte City is
approximately 17 kilometers, the distance between Pandi and San Rafael is approximately 20
kilometers, and the distance between San Jose del Monte City and San Rafael is
approximately 28 kilometers. What is the distance between the municipalities of Calumpit and
Obando? Justify your answer supported by a valid proof applying postulate or theorem on
congruent triangles.
15
Assessment
Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
H E M
1. In the diagram, HEO MEO by SSS Postulate, which of
the following statements is NOT true by CPCTC?
A. EHO EMO C. HM EO
B. HO MO D. EOH EOM
Given: CA RE and AR EC
Prove: CAR REC
Statements Reasons
1. CA RE 1. Given
2. AR EC 2. Given
3. 3. Reflexive Property
4. CAR REC 4.
5. 5. CPCTC
16
5. In the diagram AMT HMT , which of the following A H
statements is TRUE by CPCTC? M
A. MAT MHT C. HM AT
B. HT MT D. TMA MHT
Proof: N R
Statements Reasons
1. P is the midpoint of LR and NA 1.Given
2.Midpoint bisects segment into
2. LP RP congruent parts
3. LPA RPN 3.
4.Midpoint bisects segment into
4.
congruent parts
5. NPR APL 5.
6. NR AL 6. CPCTC
17
For items 10 - 12. Complete the proof by supplying the missing information.
M A
Given: MS bisects AMK and KSA
Prove: SAM SKM
K S
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. MS bisects AMK and KSA 1. Given
2. AMS KMS 2.
3. ASM KSM 3. Definition of angle bisector
4. 4. Reflexive Property
5. AMS KMS 5.
6. SAM SKM 6. CPCTC
A. PR ⊥ AT A T
B. AT AT
C. PAT and RAT are right angles
D. PT RA
R
Statements Reasons
18
1. O E 1. Given
2. BN bisects OBE 2. Given
3. OBN EBN 3. Definition of angle bisector
4. 4. Reflexive Property
5. OBN EBN 5.
6. ON EN 6. CPCTC
Proof:
Additional Activities
19
21
K
What I Know What’s More Independent Practice:
1. C 1.
2. A Guided Practice
3. D J Y
A. 1
4. A Statements Reasons
5. B 1. 𝐴𝐿 തതതത
തതതത ≅ 𝐸𝑋 1. Given
6. C 2. 𝑨𝑿 തതതത
തതതത ≅ 𝑬𝑳 2. Given A
7. A 3. 𝐿𝑋 തതതത
തതതത ≅ 𝐿𝑋 3. Reflexive Statements Reasons
8. B Property
4. ∆𝑨𝑿𝑳 ≅ 4. SSS Postulate 1. ∠JAC ≅ 1. Given
9. D
∆𝑬𝑳𝑿 ∠YKC
10. A
11. B 5. ∠𝑋𝐴𝐿 ≅ ∠𝐿𝐸𝑋 5. CPCTC 2. ∠JCA ≅ 2. Vertical angles are
12. D 2. ∠YCK congruent
13. A Statements Reasons 3. 𝐽𝐶 തതതതത
തതതത ≅ 𝑌𝐶 3. Given
14. B 1. Given
15. D 1. 4. ∆JCA ≅ 4. AAS Theorem (1,2,3)
2. Given ∆YCK
2.
What’s In 5. 𝐽𝐴 തതതതത
തതതത ≅ 𝑌𝐾 5. CPCTC
3. Given
I. 3. 2. L
A. Congruence Statement: 4. SAS
4.
Congruent Sides: 5. CPCTC
5.
B. 1 U S
Statements Reasons
1. Given
1. bisects
O
Congruent Angles: and
2. 2. Definition Statements Reasons
of Angel 1. 𝑂𝑆
തതതതത ⊥ 𝑆𝐿
തതത , 𝑂𝑈
തതതതത ⊥ 1. Given
Bisector തതതത
𝑈𝐿
B. Congruence Statement: 3. ∠𝑻𝑨𝑺 ≅ ∠𝒀𝑨𝑺 3. Definition 2. ∠OSL and ∠OUL 2. Definition of
of Angle are right angles Perpendicular lines
Bisector
Congruent Sides: 3. ∠OSL ≅ ∠OUL 3. All right angles are
4. 𝑺𝑨 തതതത
തതതത ≅ 𝑺𝑨 4. Reflexive congruent
Property തതതതത
4. 𝑂𝐿
തതതതത ≅ 𝑂𝐿 4. Reflexive Property
5. 5. ASA തതതതത 5. Given
5. 𝑂𝑆
തതതതത ≅ 𝑂𝑈
Postulate
6. ∆𝑂𝑆𝐿 ≅ ∆OUL 6. HL Theorem
6. 6. CPCTC
7. ∠SLO ≅ ∠ULO 7. CPCTC
Congruent Angles: What I have Learned: Answer may vary
2.
Statements Reasons What I Can Do (28 km, by SAS Postulate and
1. Given CPCTC)
1. ,
II. Assessment
1. AAS 1. C
2. SSS 2. , 2. Definition 2. B
are right angles of right 3. D
3. HL angles
4. D
4. SAS 3. 3. All right 5. A
5. ASA angles are
congruent
6. D
7. A
What’s New 4. ∠𝑭𝑶𝑹 ≅ ∠𝑻𝑶𝑵 4. Vertical
angles are
8. C
congruent 9. D
4 meters by HL Theorem 10. C
5. Given
5. 11. D
6. ∆𝑶𝑹𝑭 ≅ ∆𝑶𝑵𝑻 6. ASA 12. B
Postulate 13. D
7. CPCTC 14. D
7.
15. B
Answer Key
22
Additional Activities
1. 4.
Statements Reasons Statements Reasons
Given 1. 𝑂𝐸 തതതത
തതതത ⊥ 𝐻𝑃 1. Given
1. is 2. 2. Definition
perpendicular ∠𝐻𝐸𝑂 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑃𝐸𝑂 𝑎re right angles of
perpendicular
bisector of
3. ∠𝐻𝐸𝑂 ≅ ∠𝑃𝐸𝑂 3. All right
2. and Given
angles are
are right congruent
angles 4. 𝑂𝐸
തതതത 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 ∠𝐻𝑂𝑃 4. Given
2. All right 5. ∠𝐻𝑂𝐸 ≅ ∠𝑃𝑂𝐸 5. Definition
angles are of angle
congruent bisector
Definition of 6. 𝑂𝐸 തതതത
തതതത ≅ 𝑂𝐸 6. Reflexive
3. perpendicular property
bisector 7. ∆𝐻𝐸𝑂 ≅ ∆𝑃𝐸𝑂 7. ASA
Reflexive postulate
4. Property തതതത
8. 𝐻𝑂
തതതത ≅ 𝑃𝑂 8. CPCTC
5. SAS 9. ∆𝐻𝑃𝑂 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 9. Definition
CPCTC of isosceles
6. triangle
2.
Statements Reasons
1 Given
1.
2. 2. Given
3. Reflexive
3. Property
4. 4. SAS
Postulate
5. CPCTC
5.
3.
Statements Reasons
1. 𝑊𝑆
ശሬሬሬሬሬԦ bisects ∠𝐻𝑊𝐼 1. Given
2. ∠𝐻𝑊𝑆 ≅ ∠𝐼𝑊𝑆 2. Definition
of angel
bisector
3. 𝑊𝑆 തതതതത
തതതതത ≅ 𝑊𝑆 3. Reflexive
property
4. 𝑆𝑊
ശሬሬሬሬሬԦ bisects ∠𝐻𝑆𝐼 4. Given
5. ∠𝐻𝑆𝑊 ≅ ∠𝐼𝑆𝑊 5. Definition
of angle
bisector
6. ∆𝐻𝑊𝑆 ≅ ∆𝐼𝑊𝑆 6. ASA
postulate
7. ∠𝐼 ≅ ∠𝐻 7. CPCTC