Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Plane Trigonometry 2

AREA OF TRIANGLE: 1
𝑚𝑎 = √2𝑏 2 + 2𝑐 2 − 𝑎2
2
a) Given the base and altitude
1
A = ½ bh 𝑚𝑏 = √2𝑎2 + 2𝑐 2 − 𝑏 2
2
1
𝑚𝑐 = √2𝑎2 + 2𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2
2
b) Given two sides and included angle
ALTITUDES OF A TRIANGLE
A = ½ ab sin C = ½ bc sin A = ½ ac sin B
The altitude of a triangle is the line drawn from one
vertex perpendicular to its opposite side. The 2
c) Given three sides (Heron’s Formula) 𝑏𝑎 = √𝑏𝑐𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)
altitudes of a triangle intersect at a point called the 𝑏+𝑐
a+b+c orthocenter of the triangle. 2
A = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) s = 𝑏𝑏 = √𝑎𝑐𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑏)
2
𝑎+𝑐
d) Given three angles and one side 2
𝑏𝑐 = √𝑎𝑏𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑐)
𝑎+𝑏
𝑎2 sin B sin C 𝑏 2 sin A sin C
A= A=
2 sin A 2 sin B
CIRCLE INSCRIBED IN A TRIANGLE (IN-
𝑐 2 sin A sin B
A= CIRCLE)
2 sin C

MEDIANS OF A TRIANGLE
The median of a triangle is the line drawn from one
vertex to the midpoint of its opposite side. The
2𝐴 𝑇
medians of a triangle intersect at a common point ℎ𝑎 =
called the centroid of the triangle. 𝑎
2𝐴 𝑇
ℎ𝑏 =
𝑏
Incenter – It is the point of intersection of the angle
2𝐴 𝑇
ℎ𝑐 = bisectors of the triangle. It is also the center of the
𝑐
inscribed circle.
ANGLE BISECTORS OF A TRIANGLE In-circle – It is the largest circle that can fit inside
The angle bisector of a triangle is the line drawn the triangle and touch all three sides. Its center is
from one vertex to the opposite side bisecting the always inside the triangle.
included angle between the other two sides. The 𝐴 𝑇 = 𝑟𝑠
angle bisectors of a triangle intersect at a point 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
called the incenter of the triangle. 𝑠=
2

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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Plane Trigonometry 2
CIRCLE CIRCUMSCRIBING A TRIANGLE SAMPLE PROBLEMS: Situation 2:
(CIRCUM-CIRCLE) 1. The ratio of the angles of a triangle is 2:3:7. If the A square section ABCD has one of its sides equal to
area is 20 m2, find the longest side. “X”. Point E is inside the square forming an
equilateral triangle BEC having one side equal to
2. The area of the inner triangle ABC is ¼ that of the side of the square.
triangle ADE. AB = 45 m, AD = 65 m, AE = 90 m 10. Compute the value of angle DEC.
and DE = 80 m. Point B is along line AD and point 11. Find the value of angle AED.
C is along line AE. Find the length of segment CE. 12. If the area of triangle BEC is equal to 62.35 m2,
find the area of triangle AED.
3. A triangle ABC has sides a = 6 cm, b = 8 cm, and
c = 9 cm. Find the length of the median drawn from Problems for Practice:
the vertex A to side BC. 1. A triangle ABC has sides AB=90 cm and AC=120
Circumcenter – It is the point of intersection of the cm. A line segment DE is formed such that D lies on
perpendicular bisectors of the triangle. It is also the 4. In the previous problem, how far from the vertex side AB while E lies on side AC. If the ratio of the
center of the circumscribed circle. B will the bisector of angle A intersect BC? areas of two triangles is 3:5, how far is E from C if
Circum-circle – It is the circle that passes through AD measures 60 cm?
all the vertices of the triangle. Its center can be 5. A triangle has an area of 9.92cm2 and its Answer: 12 cm
inside or outside the triangle. perimeter is 15cm. Find the distance from the point 2. A piece of property in downtown Houston is
𝑎𝑏𝑐 of intersection of its angle bisectors to one side. advertised for sale at Php45 per square foot. If the
𝐴𝑇 =
4𝑅 lengths of the sides of the triangular lot are 220
ESCRIBED CIRCLE (EX-CIRCLE) 6. The area of a triangle ABC is 26.83cm2 and the feet, 234 feet and 160 feet, then what is the asking
product of its three sides is 504cm3. How far from price for the lot?
vertex A is the point of intersection of the Answer: Php 761,835.88
perpendicular bisectors of its sides? 3. The area of a triangle is 40cm2 and two of its sides
measure 10cm and 16cm, respectively. What is the
7. The area of a triangle ABC is 65 cm2 and its length of the third side?
perimeter is 48 cm. Compute the radius of the A. 18.24cm C. 15.78cm
escribed circle tangent to the longest side of the B. 20.20cm D. 25.16cm
triangle. The sum of the two sides is 30 cm and the 4. The area of a triangle inscribed in a circle is
difference of the two sides is 15 cm. 42.23cm2. One side of the triangle is 18cm. Find the
length of one side of the triangle if the radius of
𝐴 𝑇 = 𝑟(𝑠 − 𝑎) 8. The sides of a triangle form an arithmetic circumscribing circle is 9cm.
progression and the product of the lengths of the Answer: 17.327 cm
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 shortest and longest sides is 77. Find the product of
𝑠= 5. A point outside an equilateral triangle is at
2 the radius of the circle inscribed in the triangle and distances of 20 cm, 20 cm, and 36 cm from the
where: the radius of the circumscribing circle. vertices. Determine the perimeter of the triangle.
𝑟 = radius of escribed circle Answer: 67.38 cm
9. One interior angle of a triangle measures 430 and
𝑎 = side where the escribed circle is tangent the side opposite it measures 20 cm. Find the
diameter of the circle circumscribing this triangle.

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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Plane Trigonometry 2
6. The radius of a circle circumscribing an isosceles 15. The area of ABY is to be divided into two equal
triangle is 25 cm. If one of the equal interior angles parts. Compute the length of the dividing line
of this isosceles triangle measures 70o, what is the which is parallel to AB.
area of the triangle? A. 138.76 m C. 126.54 m
Answer: 709.5 cm2 B. 143.44 m D. 141.42 m
Situation 1:
In triangle ABC, side BC = 40m, side AB = 50m and
Angle A = 530.
7. Determine the area of the triangle.
A. 674.4 m2 C. 644.4 m2
B. 647.4 m 2 D. 677.4 m2
8. Determine the perimeter of the triangle.
A. 112.4 m C. 132.4 m
B. 122.4 m D. 142.4 m
9. Determine the length of the median drawn from
vertex A to the side BC.
A. 37.1 m C. 39.2 m
B. 36.8 m D. 38.5 m

Situation 2:
Triangle ABC has the following sides: AB = 40 cm,
BC = 60 cm and angle B = 460. Determine the ff:
10. Area of the triangle
11. Distance from A to the other end of the bisector
of angle B.
12. Length of the bisector of angle B.
Answer: 863.21 cm2; 17.28 cm; 44.18 cm

Situation 3:
Triangle XYZ has base angles X = 520 and Z = 600.
Distance XZ = 400 m long. A line AB which is 200
m long is laid out parallel to XZ.
13. Compute the area of triangle XYZ.
A. 56,214.81 m2 C. 58,882.59 m2
B. 28,107.41 m2 D. 29,441.29 m2
14. Determine the area of ABXZ.
A. 39,897.12 m2 C. 44,161.94 m2
B. 45,786.54 m 2 D. 43,113,18 m2

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