Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

10 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Module 5:
Probability of Compounded Events

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
 What I Need to Know
The module contains only one lesson:
 Lesson 6 - Illustrates events, and union and intersection of events
In this module, you are expected to:
1. Demonstrate and describe probability, event (simple, compound,
dependent and independent) and other concepts related.
2. Demonstrate and describe union of events.
3. Perform and describe intersection of events
4. Demonstrate the relationship between the union and intersection of
events.

What I Know
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is a subset of a sample space called?
A. Element B. Event C. Set D. Cardinality

2. How is union of sets A and B denoted?

A. A B. A C. A D. A

3. The union and intersection can be illustrated by means of ____________.

A. Fish bone C. Venn Diagram
B. Flow Diagram D. Organizational Chart

4. What is described if there are elements common to both events A and B?

A. Complement C. Union
B. D. Cardinality D. Intersection

5. What is the probability that an event can never be happened?

A. 0 C. between 0 and 1
B. 1 D. cannot be determined

6. Which type of events is affected by prior occurrence of the other event?

A. Dependent C. Mutually exclusive
B. Independent D. Simple

7. Which condition affects the drawing of cards twice from an ordinary deck? The
A. first card was not returned C. first card was returned
B. second card is returned D. second card is drawn

8. Which is NOT true about compound event?

A. The event that at least one head appears in tossing a coin twice.
B. Then probability of “getting a 6 and a 1” when two dice are rolled.
C. It is a combination of two simple events.
D. It is the intersection of two events.
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9. What is described when an event contains exactly one sample point or outcome?
A. Simple event C. Independent event
B. Compound event D. Mutually exclusive

10. What term describes the manner of drawing cards, tossing, or rolling of a coin and
a die repeatedly?
A. Outcome B. Sample point C. Experiment D. Event

What’s In
Activity 1: Solve Me!
Directions: Solve the following. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. How many words of 3 consonants and 2 vowels can be formed out of 7

consonants and 4 vowels?
A. 25200 C. 27300
B. 26400 D. 28810

2. In a group of 6 boys and 4 girls, four children are to be selected. In how many
ways can they be selected such that at least one boy should be there?

A. 212 C. 229
B. 209 D. 231
3. From a group of 7 men and 6 women, five persons are to be selected to form a
committee so that at least 3 men are there in the committee. In how many ways
can it be done?
A. 702 C. 756
D. 782
B.725

What’s New
Activity 2: Observe Me!
Directions: Study the figure below. Observe the outcomes when a coin is tossed.

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 How many outcomes are there when a coin is tossed twice?
Answer: There are 4. (HH, HT, TH, TT)

1. What is the probability of getting all heads in tossing a coin twice? The
probability of getting HH is 1 over 4 or ¼.

2-3. Base your answer on the given sets below:

U= * +; A= {1,3,5}; B={5,6,7,8}; C= {3,5,7}

2. What is the union of A and B? (List the elements).

{1,3,5,6,7,8}

3. Show the Venn diagram of the union of sets A, B and C.

What is it
The probability of an event is a number describing the chance that the event
will happen. It can be certain, cannot possibly happen and a chance that the event
will happen. One of the basic concepts in the study of probability is the sample
space.

A sample space is the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment. In an

experiment of tossing a single coin for example, the two possible outcomes are head
and tail. The sample space is S= {Head, Tail}.A tree diagram can be used to determine
the outcomes of an experiment. Each element of a sample space is called an outcome
or a sample point. Any subset of a sample space is an event (E). It is an outcome or
defined collection of outcomes of a random experiment. It may contain some, all, or
none of the possible outcomes comprising the sample space. Getting a head in
tossing a coin, rolling a „3‟ on a die and drawing an ace card are some of the examples
of event. If an event contains exactly one sample point then it is a simple event;
otherwise it is considered a compound event.

A simple event consists of a single outcome that cannot be further broken

down into smaller events. Tossing a single coin will produce either head or tail [H,T].

“Getting a number 5” when rolling a die is an example of a simple event. What about
the event of “getting an odd number” from drawing a diamond card? Activities such
as rolling a die or tossing a coin that are done repeatedly with well-defined results are
called experiments.

A compound event is any event combining two or more simple events. The
event that at least one head appears in tossing a coin twice is a compound event. The
possible outcomes for this events are HH,HT,TH.
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Example 1: Find the probability of “getting a 6 and a 1” when two dice are rolled is an
event consisting of (1, 6), (6, 1) as outcomes.

Solution:
The first die falls in 6 different ways and the second die also falls in 6 different
ways.

Thus, using the fundamental counting principle, the number of outcomes in the
sample space is 6x6 or 36. The outcomes in the sample space are: {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1,
4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3),…,(6, 5), (6, 6)}.

Take note that “getting a 6 and a 1” when two dice are rolled is a compound event
consisting of {(1, 6), (6, 1)} as outcomes.

Below is the table showing the results or outcomes when two dice are rolled:

 “Getting a 6 and a 1” is shown in a shaded portion in the table.

 “Getting a 6 or a 1” is encircled in the table.

Example 2: Find the sample space in each of the following experiments and write the
elements of the indicated event.

Solution:
1. Experiment: throwing a die
Event (E): getting an even number
Solution:
A die has faces numbered 1 to 6.
Hence, S = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
E = {2, 4, 6}

2. Experiment: Tossing a coin

Event (E): getting a head
Solution:
A coin has two faces.
S = {H, T} n(S) =2
E = {H} n(E) =1
𝐧 (𝐄) 𝟏
P (E) = =
𝐧 (𝐒) 𝟐

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Example 3: Find the probability if two dice are tossed, what is the probability that the
sum will be 4 or 5?

Solution:
Let E1 be the event that the sum of 4 will come out and E2 be the sum of 5 will
come out.
The number of elements in the sample space S, n(S), is equal to 6x6=36 or n(S) =
36

In this problem, we have the following outcomes for each event:

E1 = {(2,2), (1,3), (3,1)}
E2 = {(2,3), (3,2),(1,4),(4,1)}
n(E) = 3+4
=7
𝐧 (𝐄) 𝟕
P (E) = =
𝐧 (𝐒) 𝟑𝟔

Dependent and Independent Events

Let E1 and E2 be the two successive events in a sample space S. If the outcome of
E2 is affected by the prior occurrence of E1, then E2 and E1 are dependent events.
However, if the outcome of E2 is not affected by the prior occurrence of E1, then E1 and E2
are independent events. We use the symbol P (E2 / E1) as notation to read as, “the
probability of the occurrence of E2 on the condition that E1 has already occurred.”

Example: A man draws a card twice from an ordinary deck wherein the first event (E1) is
getting a red card and getting black king is the second event (E2) with the
following conditions:
1. The first card was returned before the second card is drawn
2. The first card was not returned.

Solution:
1. Since the first card was replaced then the events are independent. This
means the event of getting a black king is not affected by the prior
occurrence of the event of drawing a red card.

2. Since there was no replacement after the first event E1 has been
performed, then second event E2 is affected and is dependent to E1.

Union of Events
Since events are sets, can be combined to form new events by using the set
operation of unio. It can be illustrated by means of Venn diagram.

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Example: A die is tossed.
Sample Space (S) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Let A = event that an odd number occurs
B = event that a number greater than 4 occurs

Determine the elements of A and B. then, find A  B and draw a Venn diagram to
illustrate it.

Solution:
A = {1, 3, 5}

B = {5, 6}

A  B = {1, 3, 5, 6}

Note: The two events A and B are represented by the two circles and the sample
space is represented by rectangle.

Intersection of Events

Two events A and B intersect if there are elements common to both A and B. It is
denoted by A  B.

Example: A fair die is rolled. The sample is S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

Let A = event “even number turns up”
B = events “the number that turns up is greater than 2”
Find A  B and draw a Venn diagram to illustrate it.

Solution:
a. A = {2, 4, 6} b.

B = {3, 4, 5, 6}

Thus, A  B = {4, 6}

The Cardinality of the Union of Two Sets A and B

The cardinality of a set refers to the number of elements of the set. The cardinality
of set A is denoted by |A|.

Example 1: Let A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}. Find |A|?

Solution:
Since there are 5 elements in set A, therefore, |A| = 5.

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Example 2: The sample space S consist of the six possible outcomes of die tossed once.

S = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. Find |S|?

Solution:
Sample space S contains 6 outcomes, therefore, |S| = 5.

What’s More

Activity 3: Do Me!
A. 1-4: Illustrate the union of events A and B using a Venn diagram.
1. Sample space = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
A = {2,4,6} B = {6,7,8,9}

2. Sample space= {1,3,5,7,9,11}

A = {1,3,5} B = {7,9,11}

3. Sample space= {a, b, c, d, e, f, g}

A = {a, b, c, d} B = {d e, f, g}

4. Sample space = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}

A = {1,2,3,4} B = {3,4,5,6}

5-7: Find the intersection of events A and B and its cardinality.

5. A= {1,2,3,4,5} B = {3,4,5,6}
6. A= {1,3,6,7} B = {3,6,7,8,9}
7. A = {a, b, c, d} B = {d, e, f, g, h}

B. 1-5: Shade the required operation in each Venn diagram.

C. Determine whether the event is simple or compound.

1. The numbers 1 to 10 are written on separate pieces of paper, folded, and put in
a box. One number (a piece of paper) is drawn from the box. What is the
probability that this number chosen randomly is 3?

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 2. Two coins were tossed simultaneously. What is the probability that the
outcomes are at least a tail?
3. A card is drawn from a standard deck of cards. What is the probability that it is
a King?
4. A card is drawn from a standard deck of cards. What is the probability that it is
a Queen of hearts?
5. In rolling two dice, what is the probability of getting a sum of at least 4?

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Match Me!
Directions: Match column A with column B. Write your answer on the space provided
before the number.

Column A Column B
______1. “Getting a number 5” when rolling a die. A. Union of events
______2. The event that at least one head appears B. Intersection of events
in tossing a coin twice. C. Simple events
______3. The set of all possible outcomes. D. Compound events
______4. A subset of a sample space. E. Experiment
______5. A chance that event will happen. F. (HH, HT, TH, TT}
______6. The outcomes if a coin is tossed twice. G. Cardinality of event
______7. A combination of two events A or B. H. Probability of event
______8. Common elements in both events A and B. I. Sample space
______9. Tossing a coin or rolling a die. J. Event
_____10. There are 2 elements in event A = {3, 4} K. Sample point

What I Can Do
Activity 5: You Can Do It!
Directions: Answer the following completely.

1. A die is rolled. Let A be the event of getting a whole number less than 5
and let B be the event of getting a number greater than or equal to 2 but
less than 10.

a. Illustrate A and AUB.

b. Find n (A ) and n(AUB)

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 2.c.Given the sample space and the events A, B and C where

A = {1,2,3,4}; B = {2,3,4,5,6}; C = {3,4,5,6,7,8,9}

a. Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the events

b. Find A and AUBUC
c. Find the cardinality of the following:

Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on the space
provided before each item.

_____1. Which is an example of simple event? Getting

A. an ace and a diamond

B. a tail in tossing a coin.
C. a 6 or a 1 in rolling two dice.
D. a card that is spade and a king.

_____2. How is the sample space in a Venn diagram illustrated?

_____3. The cardinality of the getting a perfect square number in the sample space
S = {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16} is _________.

A. 10 B. 4 C. 8 D. 2

_____4. Which shade illustrates the union of three events A, B and C in a sample space?

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_____5. Which Venn diagram below illustrates the union of events A, B and C where
A = {1,2,3,4,5}; B = {2,4,6}; C = {2,3,4,10}; S = {1,2,3,4,…10}?

_____6. What is the probability of getting 2 or 6 in rolling a die?

A. 1/6
B. 5/6
C. 2/3
D. 2/6 or 1/3

_____7. Which of the following Venn diagrams illustrates the intersection of events A and
C? Given the events below:

_____8. What is the intersection of events A and B if A are whole numbers up to 10 and
B are numbers divisible by 3?

A. A * +
B. A * +
C. A * +
D. A * +

_____9. Set A = {x/x are integers greater than 10 but less than 18} and
Set B = {y/y are even integers greater than 11 but less than 20}.

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 Find A U B.

A. A U B = {10,11,12,13,14,17,18,20}
B. A U B = {11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18}
C. A U B = {11,13,15,17}
D. A U B = {12,14,16,18}
____10. What is the value that we can mostly relate to the importance of intersection of
an event in real life situation?
A. Common goals lead to understanding and unity.
B. “Kung batuhin ka, gantihan mo ng tinapay.”
C. Everybody is unique and diverse.
D. All of the above.

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3 – MODULE 5 Answer key

What I know

1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. D
8. A
9. A
10. C

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References
Acelajado, Maxima J., Guillerma de Leon, Edgardo M. Santos., 2000, Mathematics for
the New Millenium-Advanced Algebra.4th Floor, SEDCCO 1 Building, Thailand corner
Legaspi Streets, Legaspi Village, Makati City. Diwa Scholastic Press Inc.

Callanta, Melvin M.,Allan M. Canonigo, Arnaldo I. Chua, Jerry D. Cruz, et.al, 2015,
Mathematics Learner’s Module – Grade 10, edited by Maxima J. Acelajado, 5th floor
Mabini Building, Deped Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Rex Books Store, Inc.

Ponsones, Rigor B., Shirlee Remoto-Ocampo, Regina Macarangal Tresvalles., 2013, Math
Ideas and Life Applications-K to 12 Curriculum compliant.Abiva Building, 851 G.
Araneta Ave., Quezon City. Abiva Publishing House, Inc.

Development Team
Writer: Loliza T. Culamis
Zamboanga Sibugay National High School

Editor/QA: Danniel M. Manlang

Ivy V. Deiparine
Pede I. Casing

Reviewer: Gina I. Lihao

EPS – Mathematics

Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Evelyn F. Importante
OIC- CID Chief EPS

Dr. Jerry C. Bokingkito

OIC- Assistant SDS

Dr. Aurilio A. Santisas, CESE

OIC- Assistant SDS

Dr. Jeanelyn A. Aleman, CESO VI

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent

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