BAI TAP DOC HIEU 1

PASSAGE 1
Read the text below and fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.
The British are widely (1) _____ to be a very polite nation, and in (2)______ respects this is true. An
Italian journalist once commented of the British that they need (3) _____ fewer than four “thank you” merely to
buy a bus ticket. The first, from the bus conductor means, “I’m here.” The second accompanies the handing
over of the money. The third, again from the conductor, (4) ____ “Here is your ticket.”, and then the passenger
utters a final one as he accepts the tickets. Such transactions in most (5) ____ parts of the world are usually
conducted in total silence. In sharp contrast to this excessive politeness with strangers, the British are strangely
lacking (6) _____ ritual phrases for social interaction. The exhortation “Good appetite”, uttered in so (7)
______ other languages to fellow-diners before a meal, does not exist in English. The nearest equivalent –
Enjoy your dinner! – is said only by people who will not be partaking of the meal in question. What’s more, the
British (8) ____ happiness to their friends or acquaintances only at the start of a new year and at (9)_____ such
as birthdays, (10) _____ the Greeks routinely wish all and sundry a “good week” or a “good month”.
PASSAGE 2

Fill each blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the numbered blanks provided below
the passage. (0) has been done as an example.
Cell Phones
Cell phones have been popular in Japan (0. since) the early 1990s, but it was (1)________ until 1999
that their use really took off. The age of cell phones has emerged, but with it come problems.
Cell phones are used on buses and trains, in restaurants, and in all areas of (2)________. They cause
problems when they (3)________ during meetings, concerts, weddings, or even funerals. What's more,
people speak loudly in public, and students read and text messages during lessons. (4)________ seriously,
when a cell phone is used near a person (5)________ a pacemaker to fegulate his heartbeat, its radio waves
may interfere with the functioning of the pacemaker.
Now, something is being done to solve these (6)________. In many places, new technology is being
used to block cell phone calls. Airline (7)________ are requested to stop using cell phones while on board.
Concert halls ask their audience to switch their phones to the (8)________ mode. However, phone users
fear that if they do not (9)________ their phones, they will lose valuable business opportunities. That's why
many do not (10)________ off their phones even when they are asked to.

PASSGE 3
Fill in each blank with a suitable word to fill in the blanks.
Vitamins are substances required for the proper functioning of the body. In this century, thirteen
vitamins have been discovered .
A lack of any vitamins in a person’s body can cause illness. In some cases, an excess of vitamins can also
(1)……….to illness. For example, sailors in the past were prone to suffer from scurvy (2)………is a disease
resulting from the lack of vitamin C. It causes bleeding of the gum, loss of teeth and skin rashes. Sailors
suffer from scurvy because they did not eat fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables contain vitamin C
,which is necessary for good (3)…………..
Vitamin B complex is composed of eight different vitamins. A lack of any of these vitamins will
lead to different(4)……….. For instance, a person who has too little vitamin B1 will suffer from beri-beri, a
disease that causes heart problems and mental disorders. A lack of vitamin B2 results in eye and skin
problems while deficiency of vitamin B6 causes problems of the nervous system. Too little vitamin B12
will cause anemia. The knowledge that vitamin deficiencies caused certain diseases led doctors to (5)
………people suffering from these illnesses by giving them doses of the necessary (6)………….Today,
vitamins are available (7)……….the form of pills and can easily be bought at any pharmacy.

PASSAGE 4
Australia is a big country, but nearly all Australians live near the sea. On hot summer days, you can see
thousands of people at the beach. Many beaches have waves (1)______ are very high.
These large waves are known as surf and the people who ride them are called surfers. Surfing is a
skill, and it needs learning. Don’t (2)______ to be able to surf properly the (3)______ time you try. However,
by practising a few times you will learn (4)______ to do it.
Surfing is not a new sport. Perhaps its origins need explaining. It started hundreds (5)______ years ago
in Hawaii. Men swam (6)______ to sea to catch fish and found they could come back to land very quickly by
riding the waves. These first surfers did not (7)______ a board. They were “body surfers”. Many people
(8)______ do this type of surfing today.
After a while people started to use boards and rode the waves by lying, kneeling or standing (9) ______
them. These first surfboards were made of wood and the water made them rot after a while. Today,
surfboards are made of plastic or fibreglass (10)______.

PASSAGE 5
Travel Insurance
When going on holiday, it is always a good idea to take out travel insurance. This is just in case something
goes (1) _____ along the way. You could lose your luggage, you could be robbed, or even become ill and need
expensive medical treatment. For millions of holiday makers, travel insurance is just a precaution (2)_______
will help them have an enjoyable and worry-free holiday. But for (3)_____, travel insurance is a way of earning
money (4) ______ making false claims against insurance companies. For (5) ______ some people pretend that
they have had expensive equipment stolen which in (6) ______ never even existed, and then claim large sums
in compensation. Such claims cost insurance company a total (7)_____ £ 50 million per year. But the cheats’
luck is about to run (8)____ . (9) ______ to a new computer system, companies will be able to tell at a glance
(10) _____ someone has made a claim within the last three years. Honest travelers will no longer have to pay
through the nose for other people’s dishonesty.

PASSAGE 6
The legend of the root
Ginseng is one of the great mysteries of the east. Often referred to as the “elixir of life”, its widespread
use in oriental medicine has led to many myths and legends building up around this remarkable plant. Ginseng
has featured (1) ____ an active ingredient in oriental medical literature for over 5,000 years. Its beneficial
effects were, at one time, (2) ____ widely recognized and praised that the root was said to be worth its weight
in gold.
(3) ____ the long history of ginseng, no one fully knows how it works. The active part of the ____ (4) is
the root. Its full name is Panax Ginseng – the word Panax, (5) ____ the word panacea, coming from the Greek
for “all healing”. There is growing interest by western scientists in the study of ginseng. It is today believed that
this remarkable plant may (6) ____ beneficial effects in the treatment of many diseases which are difficult to
treat with synthetic drug.
Today, ginseng is (7) ____ longer a myth or a legend. Throughout the world it is becoming widely
recognized that this ancient herb holds the answer to relieving the stresses and ailments of modern living. It is
widely used for the treatment of various ailments (8) ____ as arthritis, diabetes, insomnia, hepatitis and anemia.
However, the truth behind (9) ____ ginseng works still remains a mystery. Yet its widespread effectiveness
shows that the remarkable properties are (10) ____ than just a legend.

PASSAGE 7
ITALY’S MOST POETIC CITY
Venice has been an inspiration for writers, artists and musicians throughout history. In the 15th century
it was the world’s (1) _____ port. Since then it has built up an astonishing collection of art and architecture (2)
_____ to its trade with the East.
 The city (3) ____ its visitors incredible sights. Do not believe those who say Venice is a museum. This
is still a living city full of joys. Venice looks good in any light. The sun makes the domes sparkle, but even on a
grey, (4) _____ day the city can be extremely romantic.
And (5) _____ it gets overcrowded, (6) _____ is an easy escape to the other islands in the Venice Gulf,
(7) _____ brightly-colored houses are a photographer’s dream.
In a curious way, Venice is a model city for the future; it is free from cars and the (8) _____ way to get
around is by public transport or on foot. This one fact alone (9) _____ it a unique city, one (10) _____ traffic
noise, the creation of genius indeed.

PASSAGE 8
How to win friends and influence colleagues
The worst sins that office workers can commit in the eyes of colleagues are interrupting people on the
phone, talking loudly in front of someone’s desk and arriving late (1) _______ a meeting. It is almost (2)
_______ bad to eat at your desk, make personal phone calls or leave coffee cups (3) _______ around, according to
Bodytalk, a guide published by the Industrial Society, (4) _______ lists the 30 traits most likely to annoy
colleagues.
High on the list are signing on at someone else’s computer terminal (5) _______ signing off afterwards,
messing up the photocopier by jamming the paper or leaving it set to produce multiple copies. Reading newspaper,
doodling, chewing gum, keeping cuddly toys or ornaments on your desk, and putting up postcards or supposedly
witty slogan (6) _______ invite disapproval. Also unpopular are (7) _______ who never fetch a colleague a drink
from the machine, or who (8) _______ to hold the lift door open when others are approaching. (9) _______ conduct,
according to the guide’s author, Judi James, not only gives you an unprofessional image but is downright anti-social
and could result (10) _______ dismissal.

PASSAGE 9
School students do not shower after sports class
A report has found that more than half of high (13)__________ boys and two-thirds of girls never shower after
a physical (14)__________ class. Researchers suggest that students don't want to sweat and take a
(15)__________ , so they are less active in sports classes. The researchers questioned almost 4,000 children in
schools in Essex, England. Lead researcher Dr Gavin Sandercock said he was surprised (16)__________ how
rarely students showered. He said: "We know (17)__________ children aren't getting (18)__________
physical activity because we have seen their fitness declining; (19)__________ the unwillingness to shower is
a barrier to working up a sweat (20)__________ playing sport, it's something we need to tackle to promote
activity at schools."

PASSAGE 10
Travel Insurance
When going on holiday, it is always a good idea to take out travel insurance. This is just in case
something goes (1) _____ along the way. You could lose your luggage, you could be robbed, or even become
ill and need expensive medical treatment. For millions of holiday makers, travel insurance is just a precaution
(2)_______ will help them have an enjoyable and worry-free holiday. But for (3)_____, travel insurance is a
way of earning money (4) ______ making false claims against insurance companies. For (5) ______, some
people pretend that they have had expensive equipment stolen which in (6) ______ never even existed, and then
claim large sums in compensation. Such claims cost insurance company a total (7)_____ £50 million per year.
But the cheats’ luck is about to run (8)_____. (9) ______ to a new computer system, companies will be able to
tell at a glance (10) _____ someone has made a claim within the last three years. Honest travelers will no longer
have to pay through the nose for other people’s dishonesty.

PASSAGE 11
THE BIRTH OF THE T-SHIRT
 The T-shirt, or at least the T-shirt as we know it, was born in the theatre. When Tennessee William's
play A Streetcar Named Oesire opened in New York in December 1947, a young actor (1) ____________
Marlon Brando went (2) __________ stage wearing a (3) _________ of blue jeans and a bright, white, capped-
sleeve T-shirt. It was the first time the T-shirt had been seen publicly as anything (4) ____________ an item of
underwear and it set a fashion trend that was to last through (5) _____________ the end of the century. The
idea for the T-shirt came (6) __________ Brando himself. He had worn one at rehearsals for the play. The
director was so impressed by the look that was created that he asked Brando to wear the shirt in the play itself.
Brando may have seen the shirt being advertised by the American company Sears Roebuck. They had decided
to market the shirt (7) ___________ a fashionable garment in its (8) ____________ right, rather than just
something to be worn (9) __________ warmth beneath a denim workshirt (10) ___________ an army uniform.
It was Brando, however, who popularized it, especially with the release of the film version of Streetcar in 1951.
A short leather jacket completed the look that was to be adopted by teenage rebels in many countries for
decades afterwards.

PASSAGE 12

New technologies, like all technologies, are morally neutral. (1) _____ their advent makes the world a better place or
not depends on the uses to which they are (2) _____. And that, (3) _____ turn, depends upon the decisions of many
people, especially of politicians, managers, trade (4) _____ leaders, engineers and scientists. The new technologies,
cheap, flexible, dependent on knowledge and information as their main input, can (5) _____ human being from many of
their current constraints for example constraints of resources and geography. (6) _____ the new technologies could also
(7) _____ those with power to control their fellow citizens even more effectively than in the (8) _____ efficient
dictatorships of the past. The new technological society will (9) _____ colossal demands on our imagination and
ingenuity and on the capacity (10) _____ our institutions to respond to new challenges.

PASSAGE 13
It is not surprising that actors want to be pop stars and vice versa. (1) ..................... that is deep in a part of
our brain that most of us manage to keep under control, we all want to be pop stars and actors.
Sadly, there’s nothing about the (2) ..................... profession that automatically qualifies you for the other,
except, of course, for the fact that famous actors and singers are already surrounded by people who never say
no to them. (3) ..................... the whole, pop stars tend to fare better on screen than their (4) .....................
numbers do on CD. Let’s (5) ..................... it: not being able to act is no big drawback in Hollywood, whereas
not being able to play or sing still tends to count (6) ..................... you in the recording studio.
Some stars do display a genuine proficiency in both disciplines, and a few even maintain successful careers in
both fields, but this just (7) ..................... a bad example for all the others. For every success, there are two
dozen failures. And most of them have no idea how terrible they are. (8) ..................... as power tends to
corrupt, so celebrity tends to destroy the ability to gauge whether or not you’re making a fool of
(9) ..................... .
But perhaps we shouldn’t criticize celebrities for trying to expand their horizons in this way.
(10) ..................... there is one good thing about actors trying to sing and singers trying to act, it is that it keeps
them all too busy to write books.

PASSAGE 14
It is not surprising that actors want to be pop stars and vice versa. (1) ..................... that is deep in a part of
our brain that most of us manage to keep under control, we all want to be pop stars and actors.
Sadly, there’s nothing about the (2) ..................... profession that automatically qualifies you for the other,
except, of course, for the fact that famous actors and singers are already surrounded by people who never say
no to them. (3) ..................... the whole, pop stars tend to fare better on screen than their (4) .....................
numbers do on CD. Let’s (5) ..................... it: not being able to act is no big drawback in Hollywood, whereas
not being able to play or sing still tends to count (6) ..................... you in the recording studio.
Some stars do display a genuine proficiency in both disciplines, and a few even maintain successful careers in
both fields, but this just (7) ..................... a bad example for all the others. For every success, there are two
dozen failures. And most of them have no idea how terrible they are. (8) ..................... as power tends to
corrupt, so celebrity tends to destroy the ability to gauge whether or not you’re making a fool of
(9) ..................... .
But perhaps we shouldn’t criticize celebrities for trying to expand their horizons in this way.
(10) ..................... there is one good thing about actors trying to sing and singers trying to act, it is that it keeps
them all too busy to write books.

PASSAGE 15
Enjoy the benefits of stress!

Are you looking forward to another busy week? You should be according to some experts. They argue that the
stress encountered in our daily lives is not only good for us, but essential to survival. They say that the response to
(1) _________, which creates a chemical called adrenal in, helps the mind and body to act quickly (2)
___________ emergencies. Animals and human beings use it to meet the hostile conditions which exist on the
planet.
Whilst nobody denies the pressures of everyday life, what is surprising is that we are yet to develop successful
ways of dealing with them. (3) ________ the experts consider the current strategies to be inadequate and often
dangerous. They believe that (4) ________ of trying to manage our response to stress with drugs or relaxation
techniques, we must exploit it. Apparently, research shows that people (5) ________ create conditions of stress
for (6) _______ by doing exciting and risky sports or looking for challenges, cope much better with life's problems.
Activities of this type have been shown to create a lot of emotion; people may actually cry or feel extremely
uncomfortable. But there is a point (7) _________ which they realise they have succeeded and know that it was
a positive experience. This is because we learn through challenge and difficulty. That's (8) _________ we get
our wisdom. Few of us, unfortunately, understand this fact. For example, many people believe they (9)
_________ from stress at work, and take time off as a result. Yet it has been found in some companies that by
far (10) __________ healthiest people are those with the most responsibility. So next time you're in a stressful
situation, just remember that it will be a positive learning experience and could also benefit your health!

PASSAGE 16
The majority of lottery winners change their lives (1) __________ little, and continue on their settled
way happy ever after. A couple of years ago, a Mr. David Horabin won a million. He had been struggling to (2)
_________ a success of his dry cleaning shop for the past 12 months. He accepted his cheque in a small
ceremony (3) ________ the premises at 2.30, and by three o'clock he had reopened for business. The reaction of
Mr. Pasquale Consalvo who won $30 million in the New York state lottery was very (4) _________. He was
unhappy not to be able to fulfill his desire to go to work as (5) ___________ on the day he won. He also said
that if the money made him (6) ____________ he would give it back. In fact, the chances of his life being made
a misery by his new-found wealth are almost (7) _________ slim though not quite as the sixty million-to-one
odds he beat to take a jackpot (8)________ had remained unclaimed through six previous draws. Gambling
small amounts (9) __________ the lottery is a harmless if futile hobby. (10) __________, gambling can become
an addiction, increasingly so as the activity becomes socially acceptable.

PASSAGE 17
If there is just one single thing more astonishing than the ability of the adult human being to talk, it is
the process by which someone learns to do this. Some parts of the process are still (1)________ much a closed
book, but it is for the (2)_________ part possible to describe what the child is doing at various stages in its
development, even if we cannot account (3)________ how exactly it learns to do these things.
In fact, research carried out by various linguists has (4)_________ rise to as many theories as there are
differences in the rate of development. A baby actually makes sounds from the moment it is born, but for some
time these are rather far removed (5)_________ articulate speech. In something like a year, a baby will
probably be at a stage where one or two syllables represent the peak of its achievement as a speaker; one more
year and it will be (6)_______ out with short phrases, and after this it seems (7)________ time at all before the
child is capable of uttering complete sentences.
 Despite being a truly remarkable feat of learning, this is one that is performed by the vast (8)_________
of human beings. Complex operations are brought (9)________ play in these dealing with speech and language;
the key (10)_______ in brain work, though tongue – work and ear – work play a part in the whole process.

PASSAGE 18
Our classes take place for three hours every morning from Monday to Friday. The maximum class size
is twelve (1) .................... the average is ten. We use modern methods of (2) .................... and learning, and the
school has a language laboratory, a video camera and recorders. You will only be successful in improving
(3) .................... English, however, if you work hard and (4) .................. speaking English as much as you can.
You will take a short (5) ................... in English as soon as you arrive. In this way, we can put you in a
(6) .................... at the most suitable level.
There are two classes at the Elementary level; one is for complete (7) ..................... and the other is for
students who know only a little English, in both classes you will practise simple conversations. In the class
(8) ..................... the intermediate level you will have a lot of practice in communication in real-life situation
because we help you to use the English you have previously (9) ................... in your own country, You will also
have the chance to improve your (10) ................... of English grammar and to build up your vocabulary...

PASSAGE 19

In the 21st century food will (1)______ more than just you feed you. A new range of products
appearing on shelves in shops and supermarkets (2) ______ designed to give you specific health benefits.
The demands of modern life make these foods very attractive. Not only do they provide proven ways to
improve health, but they are also very attractive (3) ______ a quick and convenient way of making sure we
enjoy a healthy diet.
In some countries it is already possible to buy crisps that make you feel (4) ______ depressed,
chewing gum that increases your brain power and tea that helps you (5) ______ over the tiredness
associated (6) ______ long-distance air travel. In the future, experts promise biscuits that will keep you
healthy, and hot chocolate drink to give you strong bones.
Despite the fact that these “functional” foods cannot replace a balanced diet and regular exercise,
they can help the body perform at (7) ______ best a lot of the time. At (8) ______, these foods are more
expensive than other foods, but that is due to the ingredients they (9) ______ of and the way they are made.
All the foods contain probiotics (10) ______ increase the number of “good” bacteria in your stomach,
helping to keep your digestive system healthy.

PASSAGE 20
PEER PRESSURE
One of the strongest influences on children today (1) ______ that of their peers. What their classmates think,
how they dress and how they act in class and out of it (2) ________ the behavior of nearly every child at
school. In their efforts not to be different, some children go so far as to hide their intelligence and ability in
case they are made ( 3)_________ of. Generally, children do not want to stand (4) _______ from the crowd.
They want to fit in, to be accepted. In psychological terms, the importance of (5)_________ pressure cannot
be over emphasized. There is a lot of evidence that it has great bearing on all aspects of children's lives, (6)
________ the clothes they wear, the music they listen to and their attitude to study to their ambitions in
life, their relationships and their sense. (7) _________, as children grow up into adolescents, individuality
becomes more acceptable, desirable even, and in their search for their (8) _______ personal style, the teenager
and young adult will begin to experiment and be more willing to run the (9) _______ of rejection by the
group. Concern about intellectual prowess and achieving good exam results can dominate as the atmosphere of
competition develops and worries (10) ______ the future override any fears of appearing too brainy.

PASSAGE 21
Students frequently complain (1)___________ studying for hours on (2)________ and then not doing well in
their final exams. Many factors can (3) _________ in poor performances: (4) _________illness or a personal
problem. Getting high grades can also put a terrible strain on students (5) _________ don’t want to let their
parents down.
Can students’ knowledge be judged by a (6) _________exam? Certainly not! If we want to be fair,
students ought to be (7) _________on a regular basic. So does that mean more exams? Yes, but (8)
_________many written ones. In many countries, student do not have to take written exams (9) _________ they
don’t want to, they are (10) _________to take oral ones instead. This seems to be fairer way of assessing
understanding, not just testing it.

PASSAGE 22
True relaxation is most certainly not a matter of flopping down in front of the television with a welcome
drink. Nor is it about drifting (1) ___ an exhausted sleep. Useful though these responses to tension and over-
tiredness (2) ___ be, we should distinguish between them and conscious relaxation in (3) ___ of quality and
effect. (4) ___ of the level of tiredness, real relaxation is a state of alert yet at the same time passive awareness,
in which our bodies are (5) ___ rest while our minds are awake.
Moreover, it is as natural for a healthy person to be relaxed when moving as resting. (6) ___ relaxed in
action means we bring the appropriate energy to everything we do, so as to have a feeling of healthy tiredness
by the end of the day, (7) ___ than one of exhaustion. Unfortunately, as a result of living in today’s competitive
world, we are under constant strain and have difficulty in coping, (8) ___ alone nurturing our body’s abilities.
What needs to be rediscovered is conscious relaxation. With (9) ___ in mind we must apply ourselves to
understanding stress and the nature of its causes (10) ___ deep-seated.
PASSAGE 23

THE THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT

Nowadays people are more aware that wildlife all over the world is in___61___.Many species of
animals are threatened, and could easily become ____62__ if we do not make an ___63___ to protect them.
There are many reasons for this. In some cases, animals are hunted for their fur or for other valuable ___64___
of their bodies. Some birds, such as parrots, are caught ___65___ and sold as pets. For many animals and birds,
the problem is that their habitat - the place ___66____ they live - is disappearing. More ___67___ is used for
farms, for houses or industry, and there are fewer open spaces ___68___ there once were. Farmers use powerful
chemicals to help them grow better crops but these chemicals ___69__ the environment and harm wildlife. The
most successful animals on earth - human beings - will soon be the only ones ___70___ unless we can solve
this problem.
PASSAGE 24

I was reading an article last week in (1)______ the writer described how her children has
changed as they grow up. When they were small she had to (2)______ up with noisy games in
the house, or join in interminable games of football in the garden which wore her out. If the
house went quiet, she wondered what the monsters were getting up to, or what crisis she would
have to (3)______ with next. She dreaded the fact that they might take after her husband, who
admitted having (4)_____ an uncontrollable child who (5)______ most of the time showing off
to his friends by breaking things or getting into fights. What was worse was that (6)______
else thought he was a sweet child, and he got away with the most terrible things! However, she
had experienced an even greater shocked with her children. They had (7)______ out of all their
naughty behavior, and (12)______ up serious hobbies (8)______ as chess and playing the
piano. They never did anything without (9)______ it over first, and coming to a serious
decision. She had to face up to the fact that they made her feel rather childish as they got
(10)______, and that in some ways she preferred them when they were young and noisy.
PASSAGE 25
Enjoyment is what drinking wine is all about. However, the more you know, (1)________
easier it becomes to select the right wines for you or your guests. Wine is basically grape
juice to (2)________ yeast has been added causing it to ferment and produce alcohol. Alcohol is
flavourless, so there must be something more (3)________ wine than this. Many of the secrets of
wine lie within the grape. Its pulp is a sugar solution which contains the things that give a
wine its fruity flavour. In a dry wine, most of a grape’s sugar has been converted (4) ________
alcohol. In a sweet one, more sugar is left. This can be felt on the (5)________ of the tongue. The
pulp also contains acidity which gives the wine "crispness” that makes the mouth water.
Too much (6)________ it can make you wince, too little and the wine could taste dull. The
skin contains flavour and tannin. Tannin produces a tingling sensation in the gums and gives
a wine firmness. White grapes (7)________ their skins removed before fermentation so tannin
is only really found in red wines. The pulp of black and white grapes is (8)________ same pale
colour. The fact that the skins of black grapes are left on (9)________ the wine is fermented
gives red wine its colour.
The wines which are often considered to be the best are (10) ________ where all the
elements balance one another. There are many grape varieties grown in many climates which
influence the emphasis given to these features and this is why wines can be so wonderfully
different.

PASSAGE 26

True relaxation is most certainly not a matter of flopping down in front of the television
with a welcome drink. Nor is it about drifting (1)______ an exhausted sleep. Useful though
these responses to tension and over-tiredness (2)______ be, we should distinguish between
them and conscious relaxation in (3)______ of quality and effect. (4)______ of the level of
tiredness, real relaxation is a state of alert yet at the same time passive awareness, in which our
bodies are (5)______ rest while our minds are awake.
Moreover, it is as natural for a healthy person to be relaxed when moving as resting.
(6)______ relaxed in action means we bring the appropriate energy to everything we do, so as
to have a feeling of healthy tiredness by the end of the day, (7)______ than one of exhaustion.
Unfortunately, as a result of living in today’s competitive world, we are under constant strain
and have difficulty in coping, (8)______ alone nurturing our body’s abilities. What needs to be
rediscovered is conscious relaxation. With (9)______ in mind we must apply ourselves to
understanding stress and the nature of its causes (10)______ deep-seated.

PASSAGE 27
BICYCLE SAFETY
Having to obey rules and regulations when riding a bike is one of the first experiences children have of
the idea of (1) ……. the law. However, a large number of children are left to learn the rules by trial and error,
instead of being guided by experienced (2) …….. Every year, hundreds of children visit the doctor or the
hospital casualty department (3) ……. crashing on their bikes. This could be easily prevented by (4) ……. them
the basics of bicycle safety. Ideally, children should be allowed to (5) ……. only in safe places, such as parks
and cycle tracks. When this is not possible, and they are permitted to go on the (6) ……., it is important to teach
them some basic safety principles.
First, they ought to learn and obey the rules of the road, which (7) ……. traffic signs, signals and road
markings. Second, they should (8) ……. wear a helmet. Studies have shown that wearing bicycle helmets can
(9) ……. head injuries by up to 85 percent. In many places, (10) ……. are required by law, particularly for
children. Finally, children should be made to understand the importance of riding in areas that are brightly lit
and of wearing clothes that make them clearly visible on the road.

PASSAGE 28
MTV stands for Music Television. It's a television (1)________ dedicated to pop music. It was
(2)________ on 1st August 1981 in the United States. Because of MTV's instant success in the US, the
company expanded into other (3)________. MTV Europe (4)________ operating on 1 st August 1987. MTV
Europe 50)________ 24 hours a day from its London studios. It can be seen in 33 countries and reaches an
estimated (6)________ of 110 million viewers.
People of 19 different nationalities work at London headquarters, and they try to offer a (7) of
music from all over Europe. The channel broadcasts in (8)________ but Germany provides the biggest
number of viewers. Currently, one fifth of the (9)________ is by German artists.
Most of TV output is video and concerts, but there is also a programme (10)________ Unplugged,
where major artists play live and acoustic in front of a small studio audience.

PASSAGE 29

People who are deprived (1) …… sleep lose energy and become quick-tempered. (2).......... two days without
sleep, a person finds that lengthy concentration ............. (3) difficult. He can force himself to
(4) …… tasks well for short periods, but he is (5)…….... distracted. He makes many mistakes especially at
routine tasks, and his attention slips (6) …… times. Even a "sleepless" person experiences periods in which he
dozes off for a few seconds or more. He falls completely asleep ............(7)he is kept active continuously.
Persons who go without sleep for more than three days have great (8)_____ thinking, seeing, and
hearing clearly. They have periods of hallucinations during (9)…….they see things that do not really exist.
They also confuse day dreams with real life and (10) …….track of their thoughts in the middle of a sentence.

PASSAGE 30

Speech is one of the most important __1__ of communicating. It consists of far more than just making noises. To talk
and also to be __2__ by other people, we have to speak a language, that is , we have to use combinations of __3__ that
everyone agrees stand for particular object or idea. Communication would be impossible if everyone made up their own
language.
Learning a language properly is very __4__ The basic __5__ of English is not very large, and only about 2000 words
are needed to speak it quite __6__ But the more words you know, the more idea you can__7__ and the more precise
you can be about their exact meaning.
Words are the __8__ thing we use in communicating what we want to say. The way we __9__ the words is also very
important. Our tone of voice can express many emotions
and __10__ whether we are pleased or angry, for instance.

PASSAGE 31

TSUNAMI IN JAPAN
Japan's most powerful earthquake since records began has struck the north-east coast, triggering a massive
tsunami. Cars, ships and buildings were (1) …………………… away by a wall of water after the 8.9 - magnitude tremor,
which struck about 400 kms (250 miles) north-east of Tokyo. A state of emergency has been declared at a nuclear power
plant, (2) …………………… pressure has exceeded normal levels. Officials say more than 10,000 people are dead and about
7,000 (3) …………………… but it is feared the final death toll will be (4) …………………… higher. In one ward alone in Sendai, a
port city in Miyagi prefecture, 200 to 300 bodies were found. “The quake has been the fifth-largest in the world (5)
…………………… 1900 and nearly 8,000 (6) …………………… stronger than the one which devastated Christchurch, New
Zealand, last month”, said scientists. Thousands of people (7) …………………… near the Fukushima nuclear power plant
have been ordered to evacuate. Japanese nuclear officials said that pressure inside a boiling water reactor at the plant
was running much higher than normal after the cooling system failed. Officials said they might need to deliberately (8)
…………………… some radioactive steam to relieve pressure, but that there would be no health risk. US Secretary of State
Hillary Clinton had earlier said the US Air Force had flown emergency coolant to the site. But US officials later said (9)
…………………… coolant had been handed over because the Japanese had decided to handle the situation (10)
……………………
The UN's nuclear agency said four nuclear power plants had been shut down safely.
PASSAGE 32

The UN's nuclear agency said four nuclear power plants had been shut down safely.
Australia is a big country, but nearly all Australians live near the sea. On hot summer days, you can see thousands of
people at the beach. Many beaches have waves (46) …………………… are very high.
These large waves are known as surf and the people who ride them are called surfers. Surfing is a skill, and it needs
learning. Don’t (47) …………………… to be able to surf properly the (48) …………………… time you try. However, by practising
a few times you will learn (49) …………………… to do it.
Surfing is not a new sport. Perhaps its origins need explaining. It started hundreds (50) …………………… years ago in
Hawaii. Men swam (51) …………………… to sea to catch fish and found they could come back to land very quickly by riding
the waves. These first surfers did not (52) …………………… a board. They were “body surfers”. Many people (53)
…………………… do this type of surfing today.