EASWARI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

RAMAPURAM,CHENNAI-89

DEPARTMENT OF ECE
SUBJECT : ANALOG AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
CODE : 191ECC401T
Branch : ECE
Sem/Sec : IV / A & B & C
Staff I/C : Dr.Resmi.R.Nair/Ms.T.Gophika/Dr.S.R.Sriram

Question Bank

PART A

UNIT-I (OSCILLATORS AND WAVE SHAPING CIRCUITS)

1. Write the feedback factor expression for BJT transistor based Wein Bridge oscillator. (May 15)
2. Draw the equivalent circuit of a quartz crystal. (May/June 2014)
3. Draw the feedback circuit of a colpitts oscillator. Obtain the value of the equivalent series
capacitance required if it uses a L of 100Mh and is to oscillate at 0kHz.(May/June 2013)
4. What is the necessary conditions for a wein bridge oscillator circuit to have sustained
oscillations? (May/June 2013)
5. Differentiate oscillator and amplifier. (Nov/Dec 2013)
6. State the Barkhausen criterion for sustained oscillation. What will happen to the oscillations if
the magnitude of the loop gain is greater than unity. (Nov/Dec 2013)
7. What are the major disadvantages of twin T oscillator. (Nov/Dec 2012)
8. In a Hartley oscillator if L1=0.2mH And L2=0.3mH and C=0.003µF.Calculate its frequency of
oscillations. (Nov/Dec 2012) , (May/June 2012)
9. State the conditions for sustained oscillations (May/June 2012) , (Nov/Dec 2011), (April/May
2010)
10. A tuned collector oscillator in a radio receiver has a fixed inductance of 60µH and has to be
tunable over the frequency band of 400kHz to 1200kHz.Find the range of variable capacitor to
be used. (Nov/Dec 2011), (April/May 2011)
11. A wein bridge oscillator is used for oscillations at 9kHz.If the value of the resistance R is
100KΩ, what is the value of C required? (May/June 2011)
12. In a RC phase shift oscillator, if R=200KΩand C=0.02pF find the frequency of the oscillator.
(April/May 2010)
13. A crystal has the following parameters h=0.5H ,C=0.05Pf and mounting capacitance is
2Pf.Calculate its series and parallel resonating frequencies. (May/June 2010)
14. In a RC phase shift oscillator,if its frequency of oscillation is 955Hz and
R1=R2=R3=680KΩ.Find the values of capacitors. (May/June 2010)
15. What is oscillator?
16. What are the classifications of Oscillators?
17. What are the factors which affect the frequency stability of an oscillator? (Nov/Dec 16)
18. A Weinbridge oscillator is used for operations at 9 kHz. If the value of the resistance R is 100
kΩ, what is the value of C required? (Apr 11)
19. Mention two essential conditions for a circuit to maintain oscillations. (May 10)
20. In a RC phase shift oscillator,if R1=R2=R3=200kΩ and C1=C2=C3=100pF,find the frequency
of oscillation (May 10)
21. How is amplitude stabilization performed in Wienbridge oscillator?
What is frequency stability of an oscillator? (may 09)
22. A wein bridge oscillator is used for operation at 10 Khz. If the value of the resistance R is
100kohms. What is the value of C required? (Nov 08)
23. Why a LC tank circuit produce a sustained oscillation. How can this be overcome?
(Nov 08)
24. What are the advantages and disadvantages of RC phase shift oscillators? (Apr 08/Nov 16)
25. Give the expressions for fs and fp of crystal oscillator. (Apr 08)
26. State Barkhausen’s criterion for oscillation (Dec 07/May 15)
27. Crystal oscillators possess high degree of frequency stability – justify (Dec 07)
1. If L1= 1mH L2=2 mH and C=0.1 nF what is the frequency of oscillation of the Hartley
Oscillator? (Dec 07)
2. What is the principle behind the operation of a Crystal oscillator? (Dec 07)
3. Calculate the frequency of oscillation for the clap oscillator with C1=0.1µF,C2=1µF, C3=100pF
and L=470µH. (May 07,R-04)
4. A colpitts oscillator is designed with C2 =100pF and C1=7500pF. The inductance is variable.
Determine the range of inductance values, if the frequency of oscillation is to vary between 950
KHz and 2050KHz. (May 07)
5. What are the advantages of LC oscillator and RC oscillator. (May 07)
6. Mention the essential conditions to be satisfied by an oscillator circuit. (Nov 06)
7. Give the equivalent circuit of quartz crystal and mention its series and parallel resonant
frequency. (May 07,R2005) (Nov 06)

8. In a Wein Bridge oscillator, if the value of R is 100kΩ and the frequency of oscillation is
10kHz, find the value of capacitor C. (Nov 06)
9. Define Piezo-electric effect. (May 06)
10. Draw an oscillator circuit with feedback network given below (May 06)
R C

6 9
Vi Vo

11

11. What is a negative resistance oscillator? (Nov 05)

12. How does the crystal oscillator maintain stable frequency? (Nov 05)
13. Why is it difficult to have a variable frequency operation with an RC phase shift oscillator?
(Nov 05)
14. What are the drawbacks of LC oscillator? (Nov 05)
15. What are the advantages of crystal oscillator? (Apr 05)
16. Draw the circuit diagram of Twin-T RC oscillator. (Nov 04&Nov 03)
17. What is the advantage of clap oscillator over a Colpitts oscillator? (Nov 04)
18. State Barkhausen conditions for sinusoidal oscillators. (Apr 04&Nov 03)
19. Mention the expression for frequency of oscillations for Colpitts and Hartley
oscillator. (Apr 03)
20. Mention the features of crystal oscillator. (Apr 03)
21. Why 3 RC phase shift is needed in a RC phase shift oscillator?
22. Why LC oscillator is preferred over RC oscillator at radio frequency?
23. What is frequency stability of an oscillator?
24. How frequency stability can be improved in oscillators?
25. What is piezo electric effect and draw the equivalent circuit of crystal oscillator.
26. Why oscillator amplitude stabilization is necessary?
27. Give the range of frequencies for RC and LC oscillators.
28. What is Barkhausen criterion?
29. In a Hartley oscillator, if L1 =0.2mH, L2 = 0.3mH and C = 0.003 µF. Calculate the frequency of
its oscillations.
30. What are the different types of multivibrators? (Nov/Dec 16)
31. Mention the uses of Schmitt trigger circuit. (Nov/Dec 16)
32. What is the role of commutation capacitor in bistable multivibrator circuit? (May 15)
33. Differentiate between clipper and clamper circuit. (May 15)
34. Design an RC circuit to generate an output voltage, Vo with a slope error of 20% and sweep
time of 20µs and sweep voltage of 2V. (May 15)
35. Draw a double tuned amplifier and its frequency response of different types of coupling.
(May/June 2014)
36. Briefly explain one type of triggering bistable multivibrator. (May/June 2014)
37. What is a regenerative comparator.Give an example circuit.(May/June 2013)
38. A RC low pass circuit has R= 1.5KΩ c=0.2µF,What is the rise time of the output if an step
input is given(May/June 2013)
39. Define threshold points in a Schmitt trigger. (Nov/Dec 2013)
40. Give two application of Schmitt trigger (May/June 2012)
41. What is a clamper circuit. (May/June 2012)
42. Why do we call astable multivibrator as free running multivibrator. (Nov/Dec 2012)
43. An inductor of 250Mh has Q=300 at 1MHz.Determine RS and RP of inductor. (Nov/Dec 2012)
44. What are the applications of bistable multivibrator. (April/May 2011)
45. What type of distortion is occurred in astable multivibrator. (Nov/Dec 2011)
46. Give two applications of bistable multi vibrator.
47. A 20 KHz, 75% duty cycle square wave is used to trigger continuously, a monostable multi
vibrator with a triggered pulse duration of s μ 5.(April/May 2010)
48. What will be the duty cycle of the waveform at the output of the monostable
multivibrator?(April/May 2010)
49. What is a complementary Multivibrator?
50. What is narrow band neutralization? (Apr 11)
51. What is meant by clipper circuit? (Apr 11)
52. What are the applications of bistable multivibrator? (Apr 11)
53. Give any two applications of bistable multivibrator (May 10)
54. A 20kHz ,75% duty cycle square wave is used to trigger continuously, a monostable
multivibrator with triggered pulse duration of 5µs .What will be the duty cycle of the waveform
at the output of the monostable multivibrator (May 10)
55. What are the disadvantages of using diode as shunt element in clipper circuit? (may 09)
56. Why is monostable multivibrator also called as delay circuit? (may 09)
57. Draw a clipper circuit which clips all voltages above +2V. (Nov 08)
58. Draw a circuit of a RC integrator and mention the condition under which the circuit behaves as
a integrator (Nov 08)
59. State relation between rise time and fH. Also sketch response of low pass
RC filter for pulse input. (Apr 08)
60. State the role of commutating capacitors in Bistable multivibrator. (Apr 08)
61. What is the other name of astable multivibrator? (Dec 07)
62. State the use of Schmitt trigger (Dec 07)
63. Sketch the output waveform of a differentiating circuit with square wave input for RC=PW and
RC=PW/10. (Dec 07)
64. Draw the circuit diagram of a negative voltage clamper and plot its output for a sinusoidal input.
(Dec 07)
65. Draw the circuit of negative clipper with input and output waveforms. (May 07,R-04)
66. Draw the output Vo of the circuit shown for input sinusoidal voltage Vin with peak to value of
10V. (May 07,R-04)

67. Define duty cycle. (May 07)

68. Give the application of bistable multivibrator. (May 07)
69. Give the circuit of an integrator using R and C as circuit elements and mention its output
voltage Vo, if Vi is the input voltage. (Nov 06)
70. Give the circuit of combinational clipper. Draw its input-output waveform for sinusoidal input.
(Nov 06)
71. What are the advantages of negative collector triggering? (Nov 06)
72. Determine the value of capacitors to be used in an astable multivibrator to provide a train of
pulse 3μs wide at a repetition rate of 100 kHz if R1 = R2 = 20kΩ. (Nov 06)
73. Design an integrator to integrate a square wave of 1 kHz. (May 06)
74. Draw the response of a transistor to a pulse and mark all the delays which affect the
switching speed. (May 06)
75. What is a Schmitt trigger? Give any two applications. (May 06)
76. Draw the o/p response of a RC high pass filter for a step i/p and a ramp input. (Nov 05)
77. Draw the circuit diagram of monostable multivibrator (Nov 05 &Apr 04)
78. Draw the circuit diagram of collector coupled astable multivibrator. (Apr 05)
79. Compare the transistors used in multivibrator circuits with those that are used in
conventional amplifiers (Nov 04)
80. Sketch the output waveform of a Schmitt trigger circuit for sine wave input of 12V
 peak-to-peak if UTP=5V and LTP=3V. (Nov04)
81. Draw the circuit diagram of emitter coupled astable multivibrator. (Nov 03)
82. Draw the typical waveforms at base and collector of a collector coupled astable
multivibrator. (Apr 03)
83. What are the applications of Schmitt trigger circuit? (Apr 03)
84. Why do we call astable multivibrator as free running multivibrator? (APR 17)
85. How can a Schmitt trigger act as a zero crossing detector? (APR 17)

UNIT-II (TUNED AMPLIFIERS AND POWER AMPLIFIERS)

Part – A
1. Define Q factor of a capacitor. (Nov/Dec 16)
2. Determine the bandwidth of two stage synchronous tuned amplifier. Assume the bandwidth of
the individual stage is 310KHZ. (May 15)
3. Draw the small signal model of a single tuned amplifier.(May 15)
4. What is meant by neutralization. (May/June 2014)
5. Draw the input and output waveform fot the circuit shown. (May/June 2014)

6. What is the need for neutralization circuit. (May/June 2013), (Nov/Dec 2013)
7. Mention any two inportant features of straggered tuned amplifier. (May/June 2013)
8. What are tuned amplifiers?What are the various types of tuned amplifiers? (Nov/Dec 2012)
9. What is narrow band neutralization? (Nov/Dec 2012),(Nov/Dec 2011)
10. In a low pass RC circuit,rise time is 35 nano seconds.What is the bandwidth that can be
obtained using the circuit.? (Nov/Dec 2012)
11. State two advantages and disadvantages of tuned amplifiers. (May/June 2012/Nov 16)
12. What is meant by clamper circuit. (May/June 2011)
13. In a low pass RC circuit, rise time is 35 nano seconds,what is the bandwidth obtained from the
circuit. (Nov/Dec 2012)
14. What is meant by clipper circuit. (May/June 2011)
15. What is a straggered tuned amplifier (Nov/Dec 2011)
16. What is tilt applicable to RC circuits?Give expression for tilt (Nov/Dec 2011)
17. A tuned collector oscillator in a radio receiver has a fixed inductance of 60 µH and has to be
tunable over the frequency band of 400 KHz to 1200 KHz. Find the range of variable capacitor
to be used. (Apr 11)
18. What is the effect of cascading n stages of identical single tuned amplifiers (synchronously
tuned) on the overall 3 dB bandwidth? (Apr 11)
19. Define tuned amplifier (May 10)
20. Define unloaded Q factor (May 10)
21. Draw the ideal response and actual response of tuned amplifier. (may 09)
22. Define gain bandwidth product of a tuned amplifier. (may 09)
23. Mention the application of tuned amplifier. (Nov 08)
24. What is the need of neutralization in tuned amplifier? (Nov 08)
25. Where is the Q point placed in a class C type amplifier ? What are its
applications? (Apr 08)
26. What is neutralization? (Apr 08)
27. Define ‘Q’ of tank circuit (Dec 07)
28. What is neautralization (Dec 07)
29. Mention two applications of Tuned amplifiers (Dec 07)
30. What are the differences between Single tuned and Synchronously Tuned Amplifiers.
(Dec 07)
31. Brief the relation between bandwidth and Q factor. (May 07,R-04)
32. A parallel resonant circuit has an inductance if 150µH and a capacitance of 100pF. Find the
resonant frequency. (May 07,R-04)
33. Calculate the resonant frequency of a class C tuned amplifier whose capacitor value is 10pF and
inductor value is 1mH. (May 07)
34. A tuned amplifier has its maximum gain at a frequency of 2 MHz and has a bandwidth of 50
kHz. Calculate the Q-factor. (Nov 06)
35. Derive the resonance frequency for the tank circuit shown: (Nov 06)

18

C 17

19

36. What are the functions of resonant circuit in a tuned amplifier? (Nov 06)
37. What is Hazeltine neutralization? (Nov 06)
38. An inductor of 250µH has θ = 300 at 1 MHz. Determine Rs and Rp of it. (May 06)
39. Draw a class C tuned amplifier circuit and what is its efficiency? (May 06)
40. How are the tuned amplifiers classified broadly? (May 06)
41. Explain Quality factor. (May 06, May 07)
42. What is the effect of Q on the resonance circuit? (Nov 05)
43. What are the advantages of double tuned amplifier over single tuned amp.? (Nov 05)
44. If the resonant frequency and the effective loaded Q of a single tuned amplifier are
600kHz and 10 respectively, calculate the bandwidth of a 3 stage cascaded
synchronously tuned single tuned amplifier. (Apr 05)
45. Draw the circuit diagram of staggered tuned amplifier. (Nov 04)
46. Indicate how coil neutralization technique is implemented in tuned amplifiers. (Apr 04)
47. Determine the bandwidth of a 3 stage cascaded single tuned amplifier if the resonant
frequency is 455kHz and the loaded Q of each stage is 10. (Apr 04)
48. What is narrow band neutralization? (Nov 03)
49. Draw the circuit diagram of double tuned amplifier (Nov 03)
50. What is meant by loaded and unloaded Q of tank circuit? (Apr 03)
51. Mention the applications of Class C tuned amplifier. (Apr 03)
52. A tuned circuit has the resonant frequency of 1600 kHz and a bandwidth of 10 kHz Whart is the
value of its Q factor? (APRL 17)
53. An inductor of 250 µH has Q = 300 at 1MHz. Determine Re and Rp of the inductor. (APRL 17)

Part – B

1. Describe the operation of a capacitance coupled single tuned amplifier and analyze the circuit
with the high frequency transistor model to obtain the gain and bandwidth of the amplifier.
Sketch its frequency response. (May/June 2016)

2. Discuss briefly the need for neutralization in tuned amplifiers. Explain Hazeltine method with
relevant circuit diagrams. (May/June 2016), (Nov/Dec 2016) & (Nov/Dec 2015) &
(APRIL/MAY 2017)
3. Discuss the effect of cascading single tuned amplifier on bandwidth (Nov/Dec 2016)
4. Derive the efficiency of Class C tuned amplifier (Nov/Dec 2016) & (Nov/Dec 2015) &
(APRIL/MAY 2017)
5. Explain the frequency response of a stagger tuned amplifier (APRIL/MAY 2015)
6. With circuit diagram and small signal equivalent circuit derive expression for selectivity
characteristics of single tuned amplifier. Also derive for its 3dB cut off frequencies. (Nov/Dec
2015)
7. Draw the circuit of a double tuned amplifier and explain its operation. Sketch the nature of
frequency gain characteristics and write the expression for 3dB bandwidth. (APRIL/MAY
2017)
8. A tank circuit having a 5mH coil with resistance 22Ω and C=1nF is connected as load to a
single tuned amplifier with Ro=10K. Calculate loaded and unloaded Quality factor. (NOV/DEC
2017)
9. Write about the Class B transformer coupled power amplifier. (13)
10. Examine the circuit operation and output resistance of class AB power amplifiers. (13)
11. Summarize the transfer characteristic, signal waveforms, power dissipation,
power conversion efficiency of Class A amplifier. (13)
12. Discuss in detail about the Class C power amplifier. (13)
13. Describe Class AB power amplifier using MOSFETs (13)

PART – C

1. A class –B push pull amplifier supplies power to a resistive load of 12 Ohms. The output
transformer has a turn of 3:1 and efficiency of 78.5%.
(i) Maximum power output. (5)
(ii) Maximum power dissipation in each transistor. (5)
(iii) Maximum base and collector current for each transistor, Assume hfe=25 and Vcc=20V.
(5)
2. Construct the class AB power amplifier using MOSFET. Design the structure and
characteristics of Power MOSFETs (7)
UNIT-III (BASICS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS)

PART – A
1. State the ideal characteristics of an operational amplifier. (Dec 2018)
2. Enumerate any two blocks associated with Op-amp block schematic. (May 2018)
3. Define input bias current and input offset current of an Op-amp. (Nov 2015)
4. Differentiate the ideal and practical characteristics of an op-amp. (May 2016, May 2017)
5. Define offset voltage of an operational amplifier (Dec 2013)
6. What is an op-amp? (Nov 2005)
7. How does operational amplifier work as an integrator? (Dec 2018)
8. Draw the circuit of clipper using op-amp. (Dec 2018)
9. What is the function of a phase shift circuit? (May 2018)
10. Write the other name for clipper circuit. (May 2018)
11. State the limitations of an ideal integrator. (Nov 2017)
12. How will you realize a peak detector using a precision rectifier? (Nov 2017)
13. For the op-amp shown in figure determine the voltage gain. (Dec 2016)
14. Draw the circuit diagram of a peak detector with waveforms. (Dec 2016)
15. Draw the circuit diagram of a comparator. Mention its applications. (May 2016)
16. State the difference between conventional & precision rectifier. (Dec 2014)
17. Define bandwidth of a filter. (Dec 2014)
18. What is a voltage follower? (May 2014)
19. Draw the circuit diagram of peak detector. (May 2014)
20. Draw a non-inverting amplifier with voltage gain of 3. (Dec 2013)
21. Give an application for each of the following circuits: voltage follower, peak detector, Schmitt
trigger, clamper. (Dec 2013)
22. Give an application of an Inverting Amplifier. (May 2013)
23. Draw the circuit diagram of an op-amp differentiator circuit. (Dec 2012)
24. How does precision rectifier differ from the conventional rectifier? (Dec 2012)
25. What is comparator? (May 2012)
26. Why active guard drive is necessary for an instrumentation amplifier? (May 2012)
27. What are the advantages of variable trans-conductance technique? (Dec 2011)
28. Compare the performance of inverting and non-inverting operational amplifier
configurations. (Dec 2010)
29. Draw and write equation of an integrator using an op-amp (Dec 2010)
30. Give the schematic of op-amp based current to voltage converter. (May 2010)
31. Draw the circuit diagram of differentiator and give its output equation. (May 2010)
32. What is an unity follower give its schematic and application? (Dec 2009)
33. What is a precision rectifier? (Dec 2009)
34. Draw the circuit diagram of an op-amp integrator. Why integrators are preferred over
differentiators in analog computers? (May 2009)
35. What is a zero crossing detector? (May 2009)
36. Determine the output voltage V0 for the following circuit shown in the figure. (May 2009)
37. What is a V to C converter? (Dec 2008)
38. Draw the circuit of an integrator (Dec 2008)
 39. Two voltages +V1 and +V2 are available. Using two operational amplifiers draw the circuit to
compute 5V1-3V2. (May 2007)
40. Calculate the current I in the circuit shown in figure (May 2007)

41. What is the principle of a regenerative comparator? (Dec2007)

42. Find V0 for the following circuit shown in the figure (Dec2007)
43. What is an antilog amplifier. Draw the circuit diagram of an antilog amplifier. (Dec 2007)
44. An AC signal has got a magnitude 0.1 Volt peak to peak. Suggest a suitable HWR for this
signal. (May 2006)
45. Draw the circuit of a voltage follower using op-amp and prove that its gain is exactly equal to
unity (May 2006)
46. Compare the ideal and practical characteristics of op-amp (Dec 2006)
47. Draw the circuit of an op-amp integrator. Mention its applications (Dec 2006)
48. For the op-amp shown in the figure, determine the voltage gain (Dec 2006)
49. Derive the expression for voltage gain of an inverting op amp (Dec 2005)
50. Mention two linear and non linear applications of an op amp (Dec 2005)
51. State the important features of an instrumentation amplifier (Dec 2004)
52. What is the most important application of Schmitt trigger circuit? (Dec 2004)
53. The op amp has a gain of 12 million. Express the gain in dB (Dec 2003)
54. What is hysteresis? (Dec 2003)
55. State the disadvantages of passive filters. (Dec 2003)
56. What is hysteresis and mention the purpose of hysteresis in a comparator? (May 2015)
57. What is the difference between normal rectifier and precision rectifier? (May 2015)
58. State the two conditions for oscillations. (May 2015)
59. What is the need for converting a first order filter into second order filter. (May 2017)
60. How is the current characteristics of a PN junction employed in a log amplifier. (May 2017)

PART – B

1. Explain the operation of (May 2019)

(i) Schmitt Trigger. (7)
(ii)Precision rectifier. (6)

2. Find Vo. Verify that if R3/R4=R1/R2, the circuit is an instrumentation amplifier with
gain A=1+R2/R1. (May 2019)

3. Find the output exression for the following figure shown. (8) (May 2019)
4. (i)Explain the issues and challenges in active filter design with example.(5)(May
2019)
(ii)The circuit given is inverting amplifier except the resistor R3 is added. The circuit
parameters are R1=5k-Ohm, R2=25k-Ohm, R3=12.5k-ohm, RL=5k-Ohm.
(1) Derive Vout expression.
(2) Derive expression for I3.
(3) What happens to I3 if R3 is doubled? (R3=25k-Ohm) (10)

5. (i) With a suitable circuit diagram, explain the operating principle of an

instrumentation amplifier and derive its gain. (7) (Dec 2018)
(ii)Design a second order Butterworth low-pass filter having upper cut-off frequency of
2.1961 kHz. (6)
6. (i)Design a clipper circuit for a clipping level of +0.83V, given an input sine wave
signal of 0.3V peak. Assume the gain of the amplifier is 9 and it has an input
resistance of 2.2k-Ohm connected. (5) (Dec 2018)
(ii)Draw the operational diagram and explain the working principle of antilogarithmic
amplifier and Schmitt trigger. (8)
7. Design a differentiator to produce an output of 6V when the input changes by 2V in 40
micro seconds. (5) (Dec 2018)
8. (i)Describe about voltage follower circuit. (May 2018)
(ii)Write short notes on subtractor circuit.
9. With a neat diagram explain about V-I converter. (May 2018)
10. Design a differentiator to produce an output of 4v when the input changes by 2v in 60
microseconds.
(Nov 2017)
11. (i)For performing differentiation in an operational amplifier, integrator is preferred to
differentiator-Explain. (Nov2017)
 (ii)What is an instrumentation amplifier? Draw a system whose gain is controlled by
variable resistance. (May 2018,Nov 2017)
12. (i)Design a clipper circuit for a clipping level of +0.61v,given an input sine wave signal
of 0.5v peak. Assume the gain of the amplifier is 12 and it has an input resistance of
1kohm connected.
(Nov2017) (ii)Design
a second order Butterworth low pass filter having upper cut-off frequency of 2.5khz.
13. (i) Differentiate between low pass, high pass, band pass and band reject filter. Sketch
the frequency plot. (6)
(Dec 2016)
(ii) Design a second order low pass Butter worth filter for a cut off frequency of
1KHz.(10)
14. Write short notes on: (Dec 2016, May 2017)
(a)Clipper and clamper circuits.
(b)Integrator.
15. (i)Draw the circuit diagram of an instrumentation amplifier and explain its operation.
List few applications. (12) (May 2016)
(ii)How an op-amp can be used as a log amplifier?
16. (i) Design a second order high pass Butter worth filter having cut off frequency of
5KHz.(6)
(i)With a neat circuit diagram,explain the working of precision rectifier.(Nov 2015)
17. (i)Explain the application of operational amplifier as differentiator.
(ii) What is a precision rectifier. With circuit schematic explain the working principle
of full wave rectifier. (May 2016)
18. Determine the output voltage for the following circuit shown in fig.

i.
19. With neat sketch explain the operation of a 3 op-amp instrumentation amplifier.
(Dec 2014)
20. Explain the operation of precision full wave rectifier with neat sketch. (Dec 2014)
21. With neat diagram explain logarithmic and antilogarithmic amplifier. (May 2014)
22. With neat diagram explain the application of op-amp as precision rectifier, clipper and
clamper. (May 2014)
23. Explain the working of (i) Instrumentation amplifier (ii)Schmitt trigger. Dec
2013,May 2017)
24. Explain the working of (i)Precision full wave rectifier (ii)integrator. (Dec 2013)
25. (i).What do you understand by an instrumentation amplifier. (2)
(ii).State the requirements of a good instrumentation amplifier. (4)
 (iii).Draw the circuit diagram and explain the working of instrumentation amplifier.
(6)
(iv).Mention the specific advantages of three op-amp instrumentation amplifier
circuit(4) (May 2013)

26. (i) What do you understand by an integrator (2)

(ii) Draw and explain an ideal active op-amp integrator circuit. (4)
(iii) Draw the I/O waveforms for: integrator (1)step input signal (2)square wave input
signal
a. (3)sine wave input signal. (4½)
(iv) Derive the expression for change in output voltage. (3)
(v) List the applications of practical integrator. (1½)
27. Design a practical integrator circuit with a dc gain of 10 to integrate a square wave
of 10kHz. (May 2013)
28. With neat circuit diagrams and mathematical expressions, explain the operation of the
following op-amp applications :
(i) scale changer. (4)
(ii) Voltage follower (4)
(iii) Non-inverting adder (4)
(iv) Integrator (4)(Dec 2012)
29. With the help of circuits and necessary equations, explain how log and antilog
computations are performed using IC741C.
(Dec 2012)
30. Sketch the basic circuit using op-amp to perform the mathematical operation of
differentiation and explain. What are the limitations of an ordinary OP-AMP
differentiator?
31. (i)Draw and explain the circuit of a practical differentiator that will eliminate these
limitations.(8)
(ii) Draw and the circuit of a voltage to current converter if the load is
(1) Floating (4)
(2) grounded (4)(May 2012)
32. (i) Explain the working of OP-AMP based Schmitt trigger circuit. (8)
(ii) Design an OP-AMP based Second order active low pass filter with cut off
frequency 2KHZ.
(8)(May 2012)
33. (i)Explain the construction and working of OP_AMP based Instrumentation amplifier.
(8)
(ii)Draw the adder-subtractor circuit with op-amp to obtain the relation
V0= (V1 +V2) – (V3+V4) (8)(Dec 2011)
34. (i) Design an op-amp based second order active low pass filter with cut off frequency
2kHz.(8)
(ii) Calculate the output of the following circuit. (8)(Dec 2011)
35. (i) With relevant circuits, explain the applications of OPAMP Voltage to current
converters.
(ii) Explain the steps involved in the design of a band pass filter using OPAMP.(8)(Dec
2010)
36. (i) Write a note on Schmitt trigger. (8)
(ii) Design a first order Low-pass filter for cut-off frequency of 2 KHz and pass-band
gain of 2. (8)(Dec
2010)
37. (i) Explain a positive clipper circuit using an Op-amp and a diode with neat diagrams.
(8)
(ii) Design a circuit to implement 0 3 4 1 2 V =0.545V + 0.273V −1.25V −2V . (8)(May
2010)
38. (i) Draw and explain a simple Op-amp differentiator. Mention its limitations. Explain
with a neat diagram (8)
(ii)How it can be overcome in a practical differentiator. Design an Op-amp
differentiator that
will differentiate an input signal with maximum frequency f 100Hz max. (8)(May
2010)
39. (i) Explain Log amplifier. (8)
(ii) What is an active integrator. Explain the working of an active integrator (8)(Dec
2009)
40. (i) Design a second order low pass filter. (6)
(ii)Explain the working principle of Schmitt trigger. (10)(May 2009,May
2017)
41. (i) .Design an op-amp circuit to give an output voltage V0=3V1-2V2+5V3 where V1, V2
and V3 are inputs. (6)
(ii) Explain the Monostable amplifier. Deduce the expressions for a closed loop voltage
gain of a non inverting amplifier. (10)(Dec 2008)
42. (i)Explain the operation of Schmitt trigger. (10)
(ii)Explain log and antilog amplifier. (6)(Dec
2008)
43. With circuit diagram explain the applications of op-amp as precision rectifier, wave
form generators. Derive the necessary expressions. (Dec 2008)
44. Design a differentiator to differentiate an input signal that varies in frequency from 10
Hz to about 1 KHz. ( April
2008)
45. If a sine wave of 1 V peak at 1000 Hz is applied to the differentiator, draw its output
wave form. Give the basic differentiator frequency response. ( April
2008)
46. (i) Draw the circuit diagram of a second order Butter worth active LPF and derive its
expression for transfer function. (10)
(ii) Design the mentioned filter for a cutoff frequency of 1 KHZ and a damping factor of
1.4 (6)(May 2007)
47. (i)Design a band pass filter using OP-AMP to have fl = 500Hz and fh = 2KHz with pass
band gain of 4. (8)
(ii) For the non inverting op-amp shown in the figure, find the output voltage Vo.
(8)(May 2007)

48. Design a second order Butterworth active high pass filter for a cutoff frequency of
5KHZ (ii) What is a precision diode. With circuit schematic explain the working
principle of full wave
precision Rectifier. (6)(Dec 2007)
49. (i) Draw the circuit of a second order Butterworth active LPF and derive its transfer
function. (10)
(ii) Design a second order LPF for a cut-off freq of 1Khz. (6)(May
2006)
50. (i) Draw the circuit of Astable multivibrator using op amp and derive the expression
for its frequency of oscillation. (10)
(ii)Using 741 op-amp design an astable multivibrator for a frequency of 1Khz.
(6)(May 2006)
51. (i) Determine the output voltage V0 for the following circuit (4)

(ii) Briefly explain the working principle of Schmitt trigger (12)(Dec 2006)
52. With circuit diagram discuss the following applications op-amp
a) Voltage to current converter (8)
b) Precision rectifier. (8)(Dec 2006)
53. (i)Explain the operation of differentiator and integrator (10)
(ii) State the conditions for oscillations and explain the operation of any one sine wave
oscillator using op amp. (6)(Dec 2005)
54. Explain the working of i) Triangular wave generator ii) precision rectifier.
55. Explain the working of astable multivibrator using op-amp 741. (Dec 2005)
56. (i) Design an op amp phase shift oscillator for fo=500 HZ (8)
(ii) Design a Schmitt trigger for UTP=0.5V and LTP=-0.5V (8)(Dec
2004)
57. (i)Design a second order Butterworth low pass filter having a cut off frequency of
1KHZ.(8)
58. Explain the working of op-amp Schmitt trigger. (8)(Dec
2003)

59. Determint the rate of change of the output voltage in response to the first input pulse
as shown below for the integrator. The output voltage is initially zero. Also describe
the output after the first pulse. Draw the output waveform. (8)
(May 2015)

60. Explain in detail about the V to I and I to V converters. (8) (May

2015)
61. With neat diagram explain the operation of Schmitt trigger. (8) (May
2015)
62. Design a wide band pass filter having fL =400Hz and fh = 2KHz and pass band gain of
4. Find the value of Q of the filter. (8) (May
2015)

UNIT IV : MULTIVIBRATORS AND PLL

PART – A
1. What are the types of multivibrator? (May 2019)
2. List the various applications of multivibrators. (Dec 2018)
3. Draw the circuit diagram of a general purpose voltage regulator. (Dec 2018)
4. Name some LC oscillator circuits. (May 2018)
 5. Define Line regulation. (May 2018)
6. Draw a fixed voltage regulator circuit and state its operation. (Nov 2017)
7. Draw the block schematic of IC 555 timer. (Dec 2016)
8. What is the function of a voltage regulator? Name few IC voltage regulators. (Dec 2016)
9. A Hartley oscillator has L1 =10mH, L2 =5mH and C= 200pF. Calculate the frequency of
oscillation. (May 2016)
10. What is the purpose of connecting a capacitor at the input and the output side of an IC voltage
regulator? (Nov 2015)
11. Mention two applications of frequency to voltage converter. (Nov 2015)
12. List the types of Multivibrators. (May 2014)
13. State the applications of 555 Timer IC. (Dec 2013)
14. Give the formula for period of oscillation an op-amp astable circuit. (May 2013)
15. Define duty cycle of a periodic pulse waveform. (May 2013)
16. What are the limitations of a three terminal voltage regulator? (May 2012)
17. What are the limitations of IC 723 general purpose regulator? (Dec 2012)
18. Define the duty cycle in astable multivibrator using IC 555 (Dec 2011)
19. What are the advantages of a switched capacitor filter over active filters? (Dec 2011, 2008)
20. Sketch the monostable multivibrator circuit diagram using 1C555. (Dec 2010)
21. What is meant by thermal shutdown applied to voltage regulators? (Dec 2010)
22. Draw the internal circuit for audio power amplifier. (May 2010)
23. What are the three different wave forms generated by ICL8038? (May 2010)
24. What is IC 555? (Dec
2008)
25. In a linear voltage regulator, the input voltage is 20V and the output voltage is 15V.For a load
current 1 amp, calculate the power dissipated in the series pass element? (May 2007)
26. Draw the internal diagram of IC voltage regulator. (May 2006)
27. Draw the circuit of a switched capacitor filter. (May 2006)
28. State the conditions required for designing a video amplifier (Dec 2006)
29. What is a switched capacitor filter. Mention any two advantage (Dec 2006)
30. Why is switching regulator has a higher efficiency than a series regulator? (Dec 2004)
31. Name the two packages in which IC 555 timer is available. (Dec 2003)
32. Draw the block diagram of 723 regulator? (May 2015)
33. What is the need for voltage regulator ICs? (May 2017)
34. Distinguish the principle of linear regulator and a switched mode power supply. (May 2017)

PART – B

1. Explain the working principle of Triangular wave generator circuit using op-amp and
mention its application. (May 2019)
2. Explain the following ICs function and application: (i)Audio Power Amplifier.
(ii)Video Amplifier. (May 2019)
3. (i)Explain the operation of an astable and monostable multivibrators with necessary
diagrams. (10) (Dec 2018)
(ii)State the significant difference between fixed and adjustable voltage regulators. (3)
4. Design a wave generator using 555 timer for a frequency of 110Hz and 80% duty cycle.
Assume C=0.16uF. (7) (Dec 2018)
5. Design a square wave generator using 555 timer for a frequency of 120HZ and 60%
duty cycle. Assume C= 0.2 microfarad. (Nov 2017)
6. With neat diagram, explain the operation of an astable and monostable multivibrators
and Derive an expression for the frequency of oscillation with relevant waveforms.
(Nov
2017,Nov 2015)
7. Draw the functional diagram and connection diagram of a low voltage regulator and
explain.
(Nov 2017)
8. Draw the block diagram of a typical IC audio power amplifier and briefly explain their
salient features.
(Nov 2017)
9. Design a frequency to voltage converter using IC VFC 32 for a full scale output of 8v
for a full scale input frequency of 80khz with a maximum ripple of 8mv.
(Nov 2017)
10. Design a astable multivibrator circuit to generate output pulses of 25%,50% duty cycle
using a 555 timer IC,with choice of c=0.01 micro farad, frequency as 4.0khz.
(May 2017)
11. Write a technical note on: (8+8) (Dec 2016,May
2017))
(i)Isolation amplifier,Switched Capacitor filters
(ii) Opto coupler,Audio power amplifier
12. (i) Discuss the functionalities and working of switched mode power supply. (12) (Dec
2016)
(ii) Design a monostable multivibrator using 555 timer for a pulse period of 2ms. (4)
13. Describe the working of an astable multivibrator using op-amp. (Dec
2014)
14. (i)Explain the working of monostable multivibrator. (14)
15. (i)Explain the working of a general purpose voltage regulator. (14)
(ii)What is the need for isolation amplifiers? (2)(Dec 2013)
16. (i) Draw the circuit using op-amp to generate triangular wave-Explain its operation (8)
17. Sketch the functional block diagram of the following and their working principle:
(i) IC 555 Timer
(ii)General purpose voltage regulator 723 (May 2012)
18. With a neat circuit diagram and internal functional diagram explain the working of
555 timers in astable mode. (May 2010)
19. (i) Explain the function of video amplifier IC (8)
20. Explain the working of 555 Timer in astable mode. Using the same IC design a circuit
to toggle an LED with one second delay between on and off time repeatedl (Dec
2011,2009)
21. With diagram explain the principle of operation of triangular waveform generator
using op-amp. (10) (May 2009)
22. With a functional diagram, explain the working principle of 8038 IC function
generator ( Dec 2011,May 2009)
23. (i) Explain the operation of a monostable multivibrator using 555 timer (10)
(i)Draw ad explain the basic functional block diagram of IC 555
 (ii)Write short notes on Frequency to voltage converter (6) (Dec 2008).
24. Draw the internal block diagram of NE 555 timer IC and explain how it can be used as
monostable multivibrator. (May 2006)
25. With neat diagram explain the working of step down switching regulator. (May 2006)
26. (i) A 555 timer configured in astable mode with RA=2K.,RB=4K.and C=0.1µF.
Determine the frequency of the output and duty cycle. (8)
(i) Explain the working of 555 timer in astable mode (10)(Dec 2005)
27. (i) Design an astable multivibrator using 555 timer to produce 1 KHZ square wave for
duty cycle D=0.50 (6) (Dec 2004)
28. Describe Monostable multivibrator with necessary diagrams and derive for ON time
and recovery time. (10)(May 2015)

UNIT V : ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TOANALOG CONVERTERS

PART - A
1. Define settling time. (May 2019)
2. What is the largest value of output voltage from an 8-bit DAC that produces 1.0V for a digital
input of 00110010? (May 2019)
3. Differentiate between direct type and integrating type in ADC converters. (Dec 2018)
4. What is the need for sample and hold circuit? (Dec 2018)
5. Define Sampling. (May 2018)
6. Write the names of the switches used in MOS Transistors. (May 2018)
7. How is the classification of A/D converters carried out based on their operational features?
(Nov 2017)
8. Find the number of resistors required for an 8bit weighted resistor D/A converter. Consider the
smallest resistance is R and obtain those resistance values. (Nov 2017)
9. What are the advantages of inverted R-2R(current type) ladder D/A converter over R-2R
(voltage type) D/A converter? (Dec 2016)
10. What is the need for electronic switches in D/A converter? (Dec 2016)
11. A 12 bit D/A converter has resolution of 20mV/LSB. Find the full scale
12. output voltage. (May 2016)
13. Draw the binary ladder network of DAC. If the value of the smaller resistance is 10k, what is
the value of the other resistance? (May 2016)
14. Determine the number of comparators and resistors required for 8 bit flash type ADC.
15. (Nov 2015)
16. Mention two advantages of R-2R ladder type DAC when compared to weighted resistor type
DAC. (Nov 2015)
17. Give the application of sample and hold circuit. (Dec 2014)
18. Define resolution of a DAC (Dec 2014,May 2012)
19. What is a sample/hold circuit? (May 2014,Dec 2013)
20. Give any two advantages of SA type ADC. (May 2014)
21. State the principle of single slope A/D converter. (Dec 2013)
22. Mention any two specifications of a D/A converter. (May 2013)
23. For an n-bit flash type A/D converter, how many comparators are required? State the
disadvantage of that type of converter. (May 2013)
24. What output voltage would be produced by a D/A converter whose output range is 0 to 10V and
whose input binary number is 0110 for a 4-bit DAC. (Dec 2012)
25. What is the main drawback of dual slope ADC? (Dec 2012,May 2012)
26. Which is the fastest ADC ? State the reason (Dec 2011)
27. Define resolution and conversion time of DAC. (Dec 2010,Dec 2011)
28. Compare and contrast binary ladder and R-2R ladder DAC? (Dec 2010)
29. Define resolution of a data converter. (May 2010)
30. Give the advantages of integrating type ADC. (May 2010)
31. Why is Flash ADC called the fastest ADC ? (Dec 2009)
32. A dual slope ADC has reference voltage of 100mv and t1=83.33ms.Find t2 if vi=200mv.
(Dec 2009)
33. Find the resolution of a 12 bit D/A converter (May 2009)
34. Draw the sample and hold Circuit. (May 2008)
35. What is the principle of operation of voltage-to-time conversion? (May 2008)
36. List the types of ADC. (Dec2008)
37. What is an analog switch (Dec 2008)
38. The input to a sampling gate is a sine wave. Plot its output with and without a hold capacitor.
(May
2007)
39. State the reason for keeping the integrating time in the dual slope analog to digital converter
equal to that of mains supply period. (May 2007)
40. Calculate the quantizing error for an 8 bit A/D converter with full scale input voltage of 2.55 V
(Dec 2007)
41. What is a sample and hold circuit. Mention any two applications (Dec 2007)
42. An 8-bit comparator has an output voltage range of 0-2.55V. Calculate its resolution.
(May 2006)
43. Calculate the no. of comparators required for realizing a 4 bit flash A/D converter.
(May 2006)
44. Which is the fastest A/D converter.Give reason (Dec 2006)
45. An 12 bit D/A converter has resolution of 30mv/LSB.Find the full scale output voltage
(Dec 2006)
46. Define granular error and slope overload error (Dec 2005)
47. What output voltage will be produced by a 4-bit D/A converter whose output range is 0V to
10V and whose input binary number is 0110? (Dec 2004)
48. How many comparators are required to build an n bit flash type A/D converter?
(Dec 2004)
49. Why is R-2R ladder network DAC better than weighted resistor DAC (Dec 2003)
50. Which type of ADC is used in all digital voltmeters? (Dec 2003)
51. What would be produced by a DAC, whose output range is 0 to 10V and whose input binary
number is 10111100(for a 8 bit DAC)? (May 2015)
52. What is over sampling? (May 2015)
53. Why are Schottky diodes used in sample and hold circuits? (May 2017)
 PART B
UNIT-I (OSCILLATORS AND WAVE SHAPING CIRCUITS)

1. Derive the general form for frequency of oscillations for LC oscillator with suitable diagram
(Nov/Dec 2016)
2. Enumerate (i) Franklin oscillator (ii) Armstrong oscillator (Nov/Dec 2016)
3. Explain how conditions for oscillation are satisfied for RC phase shift oscillator and derive its
frequency of oscillation. (May/June 2014)
4. What is the drawback of colpitt oscillator and how it is overcome in clapp oscillator ?Draw the
equivalent circuit od clap oscillator and derive its frequency of oscillation. (May/June 2014)
5. Draw the circuit diagram and explain operation of RC phase shift oscillator.Describe the phase
shift network and amplifier gain requirements.Derive the expression for frequency of operation
of the circuit . (May/June 2013)
6. (i)What is the principle of oscillation of crystals?sketch equivalent circuit and impedence
frequency graph of crystals and obtain its series and parallel resonant frequency. (May/June
2013)
7. (ii)Explain how crystals are employed in oscillators for stabilization.
8. (i)Explain working of Hartley oscillator.Derive expression for frequency of oscillation and
condition for oscillation. (Nov/Dec 2013)
9. (ii)Describe operation of twin T oscillators. (APR 17)
10. (i).Draw circuit diagram of RC phase shift oscuillator and explain its operation by deriving
expression for frequency of oscillation. (Nov/Dec 2013)
11. (ii)Discuss about the frequency stability of an oscillator.
12. Draw circuit diagram of RC phase shift oscuillator and explain its operation by deriving
expression for frequency of oscillation and minimum gain required for sustained oscillations.
(May/June 2012)
13. Make a table of comparision of RC phase shift oscillator and wein bridge oscillator bringing out
the similarities and difference.
14. With neat diagram explain working principle of following oscillators.State expression for
frequency in each case. (May/June 2012)
15. tuned collector oscillator (ii)franklin oscillator (iii)Armstrong oscillator
16. Draw the circuit of wein bridge oscillator using BJT.Show that gain of the amplifier must be
atleast three for oscillation to occur. (Nov/Dec 2012) (Nov/Dec 2011)
17. In a certain oscillator circuit,gain of of the amplifier is jw x 6 16 10 and feedback factor of the
feedback network is 8 2 8 (2 10 ) 10 x jw Verfy barkhausen criterion for sustained
oscillation.Also find frequency at which circuit can oscillate.
18. Explain working of a colpitts oscillator with a neat diagram and derive frequency of oscillation
(ii)In a colpitts oscillator value of inductor and capacitor in tank circuit are L=40mH ,C1=100pf
,C2=500Pf.(i) Find frequency of oscillation (ii)if output voltage is 10v,find feeddback voltage at
the input inside of the amplifier (Nov/Dec 2012)
19. Explain the working of a Colpitts oscillator with a neat circuit diagram and derive the frequency
of oscillation. (Apr/may 2021)
20. In a Colpitt's oscillator, the value of the inductor and capacitors in the tank circuit are L = 40
mH, C1 = 100 pF and C2 = 500 pF. Find the frequency of oscillation (Apr/may 2021)
21. With help of neat circuit diagram explain the operation of following oscillators.also explain how
the frequency is found out in each case (i) clapp oscillator (ii)miller crystal oscillator.
(Nov/Dec 2011)
22. The equivalent circuit of a crystalhas the values ;.7h,c=0.01Pf,R=1000Ω,Cm=2Pf.Calculate
series resonant frequency,parallel resonant frequency and quality factor of the crystal.
23. Sketch block diagram of oscillator and explain how it works .If the gain of the amplifier is A
and Feedback factor is ,sketch output waveforms for three cases(i)|Aβ|>1,(ii) |Aβ|=1, (iii)|Aβ|
24. (i) Sketch the basic block diagram of an oscillator and explain how it works. If
the gain of the amplifier is A and the feedback factor is β, sketch the output
waveforms for the three cases (1) Aβ > 1, (2) Aβ = 1 and (3) Aβ< 1.
Derive the conditions of sustained oscillations. (10)
(ii) Make a table of comparison of RC phase shift oscillator and Wien-bridge oscillator
bringing out the similarities and differences. (6)
(Apr 11)
25. (i) Explain the working of a Colpitts oscillator with a neat circuit diagram and derive the
frequency of oscillation. (8)
(ii) In a Colpitt's oscillator, the value of the inductor and capacitors in the tank
circuit are L = 40 mH, C1 = 100 pF and C2 = 500 pF. (8)
(1) Find the frequency of oscillation.
(2) If the output voltage is 10 V, find the feedback voltage at the input side of
the amplifier.
(3) Find the minimum gain, if the frequency is changed by charging `L' alone.
(4) Find the value of C1 for a gain of 10 if C2 is kept constant as 500 pF. Also
find the resulting new frequency.
(Apr 11)
26. (i) Explain amstrong oscillator and derive its frequency of oscillation.(APR 17)
(ii) A colpitts oscillator is designed with C1=100pF, C2=7500pF, If the inductor is variable,
determine the range of inductance values, if the frequency of oscillation is between 950 KHz –
2050 KHz (May 2010)
27. (i) Explain weinbridge oscillator and drive its frequency of oscillation.
(ii) Write a note frequency stability of an oscillator. (May 2010)
28. Explain the working of RC Phase shift oscillator using BJT with small signal equivalent circuit
and derive the expression for frequency of oscillation. (May 2009)
29. Draw the circuit diagram and explain the working of Hartley oscillator. Also derive the
expression for frequency of oscillation and condition for sustained oscillation (may 09)
30. i) Sketch the circuit and explain the operation of a RC phase shift oscillator. Derive the
expression for the frequency and condition for sustained oscillations for the circuit.
ii) Explain the need for the three RC networks for the circuit functioning. (Nov 08)
31. i) With the neat diagram explain the operation of a transistor pierce crystal oscillator.
ii) A crystal has L=0.33H series capacitor C=0.065pF, parallel capacitor 1 pF and
R=5.5 Kohms. Find the series resonant frequency and Q factor of the circuit
(Nov 08)
32. (i) Draw the RC phase shift oscillator. Explain its operation and derive
condition for sustained oscillation and frequency.
(ii) Calculate the inductance value to produce 734.5 kHz frequency of
oscillation in Clapp oscillator having C1=0.1µF , C2=1µF, C3=100µF. (Apr 08)
33. (i) Explain the working of Miller type oscillator with circuit. Give two
applications.
 ii) Give reasons why quartz crystal is used in crystal oscillator. State its
advantages and applications (Apr 08)
34. (i) What type of feedback is applied for oscillators
(ii) Draw the circuit diagram of Weinbridge oscillator. Explain the need for providing both
positive and negative feedback.
(iii) Draw the circuit of RC Phase shift oscillator. With R = 6KΏ, C=1500pF and Rc = 18KΏ,
obtain its operating frequency (Dec 07)
35. i) Explian the Barkhaussen criterion to be satisfied for sustained oscillations.
ii) Draw the circuit diagram of a Wien Bridge oscillator and obtain an expression for frequency
of oscillation. (Dec 07)
36. i)Explain the operation of a Colpitts oscillator and derive an expression for its frequency of
oscillation and condition for sustained oscillations.
ii)If C1 and C2 are 200pF and 50pF respectively calculate the value of inductance for producing
oscillations at 1MHz in the Colpitts oscillator circuit. (Dec 07)
37. In a colpitt’s oscillator, the values of the inductors and capacitors in the tank circuit are
L=40mH,C1=100pF and C2=500pF.
(i) Find the frequency of oscillations.
(ii) If the input voltage is 10, find the feedbnack voltage.
(iii) Find the minimum gain, if the frequency is changed by changing’L’ alone.
(iv) Find the value of C1for a gain of 10.
(v) Also, find the new frequency of oscillation. (May 07,R-04)
38. Explain RC phase shift oscillator with neat circuit diagram. Derive its frequency of oscillation.
Give the amplifier gain and feedback network gain to sustain oscillator operation.
(Nov 06,May 07)
39. (i) What is piezo electric effect? Draw the equivalent circuit of Quartz crystal. (May 07)
(ii) Describe the crystal oscillator with near circuit diagram.
(iii) The equivalent circuit of a crustal has the values of L=1H, C=0.01pF, R=1000ohms and
Cm=20 pF. Calculate series resonant frequency and parallel resonant frequency of the crystal.
40. Explain Colpitt’s and Hartley oscillator and derive their freq. of oscillation.(May
07,R-04,Nov 06)
41. (i) Explain Miller oscillator.
(ii) Draw the electrical equivalent circuit of a crystal and its reactance function.
(iii) Find the series and parallel resonant frequencies and Q factor of the crystal if
L=0.5H, C1=0.06pF, Ch=1pF and R=5kΩ. (Nov 06)
42. (i) Design an oscillator with network shown in the feedback path of the amplifier
to generate a sine wave of 2 kHz.
C R

1
2
Vi
R Vo
C

(ii) Design a RC phase shift oscillator to generate 5 kHz sine wave with 20V peak
to peak amplitude. Draw the designed circuit. Assume hfe = 150. (May 06)
43. Explain the Colpitt’s oscillator. Derive its frequency of oscillation. (May 06)
. (i) Describe the working of a Wein Bridge oscillator. (May 06)
(ii) Analyze voltage gain, input impedance, output impedance and frequency of wein
bridge oscillator
42. (i) Describe the general analysis of feedback network of LC oscillator.
(ii) Determine the frequency of oscillation of Hartley oscillator. (May 06)
43. (i) Draw the circuit diagram of Wein Bridge oscillator and explain its working principle
(ii) Discuss briefly about the properties of quartz crystal. Draw the electrical equivalent
circuit of the crystal and explain (Nov 05)
44. i) Draw the circuit diagram of RC phase shift oscillator and explain its operation with
necessary derivation for frequency and gain. (Apr 03)
ii) What are the advantages and disadvantages of Wein Bridge oscillator?
45. i) Brief the Barkhausen criterion for oscillation in feedback oscillator. (Apr 03)
ii) Draw the circuit diagram of Clapp oscillator and derive the expression for frequency
of oscillations. How frequency stability can be improved in Clapps oscillator.
(May 07,R2005)
46. Draw the circuit of a WeinBridge oscillator. Derive the transfer function of the phase
lead-lag network used and hence explain how Barkhausen conditions are satisfied in
this RC oscillator. (May 07,R-04)(Nov 04 & 03)
47. i) What are the advantages of crystal oscillators? Draw the electrical equivalent circuit
and the impedance characteristics. (Nov 03)
ii) A quartz crystal has L=3H, Cs=0.05pF, R=2Kohms and Cm=10pF. Calculate the
series and parallel resonant frequencies fs and fp of the crystal. (May 07,R2005)
48. i) With circuit diagram, explain the operation of a Colpitts oscillator. (Nov 04)
ii) In a Colpitts oscillator C1=0.001 F, C2=0.01F, L=10H. Find the frequency of
oscillation, feedback factor and voltage gain.
iii) With electrical equivalent circuit and impedance characteristics of Quartz crystal,
explain why crystal oscillators are preferred?
49. With the help of circuit diagrams, explain the principle of operation of a colpitt’s oscillator.
Obtain the equation for the frequency of operation of the circuit.(APR 17)
50. (i) Sketch the circuit of a phase shift oscillator and explain its design approach.(APR 17)
51. (ii) In a Collipit’s oscillator, the value of the inductor and capacitor in the tank circuit are L=
40mH, C1= 100pF and C2 = 500pF. Find the frequency of oscillation.
52.
(May 15)
53. (i)With neat circuit diagram and waveform explain working of a positive clamping circuit
(ii)Draw circuit to perform the following
54. To transmit that part of a sine wave that lies between -3v and +6v (ii) to clip the input sine wave
below -4v. (May/June 2013)
55. A rectangular pulse of voltage is applied to the base of a transistor friving it from cutoff to
saturation.Explain various timed involved in switching process. (ii)With the help of circuit
diagram and waveforms explain the operation of a collector coupled astable multivibrator.
(May/June 2013)
56. Define delay time and storage time of a bipolar transistor. (May/June 2014)
57. Explain transfer characteristics of Schmitt trigger with circuit diagram
58. Draw a discrete circuit of astable multivibrator and explain its working with waveforms at both
collector and base terminals,Also derive its frequency of oscillation (ii)Briefly explain a
positive clamper circuit with an example. (iii) Design a discrete monostable multivibrator with
VCC = 20V and T=5sec.Draw the designed circuit. (Nov/Dec 2013)
59. Sketch a transistor switching circuit and its collector current response wave form for a pulse
input.For such a circuit,explain the following terms (Nov/Dec 2012)
60. Delay time (2)storage time (3)fall time (4) turn off time. 7.An inverter circuit using 2N3904
transistor with tON =70 ns has RS=600Ω and Rb=5.6kΩ.determine (i)the size of the speed up
capacitor to give maximum improvement in transistor turn on time. (ii)recovery time of the
circuit. (iii)the maximum square wave input frequency that may be used with the circuit.
(Nov/Dec 2012)
61. Draw the circuit of a Schmitt trigger.Explain its operation with necessary waveforms and
hysteresis diagram.Obtain the expression for LTP and UTP. (ii)Discuss with necessary
diagrams,the working of a self biased bistable multivibrator which uses transistors.
(Nov/Dec 2011)
62. Describe the response of low pass RC circuit for step and aquae wave input.Sketch the circuits
and waveforms. (ii).Explain how RC circuit is used as differentiator. (iii)Explain with suitable
circuit and waveforms,the operations of positive and negative clampers.
(Nov/Dec 2011)
63. What is the response of low pass RC circuit for sinusoidal,step,pulse square wave and ramp
inputs. (Nov/Dec 2010)
64. Explain the woring principle of a bistable multivibrator with neat digrams and illustrate how
Schmitt trigger circuit can be evolved from a bistable circuit. (Nov/Dec 2010)
65. (i) With necessary circuit diagrams and waveforms, explain the operation of the
following: (1) Positive clipper, (2) Negative clipper, (3) Biased clipper and
 (4) Combinational (Two-way) clipper. (12)
(ii) Mention the applications of clamping circuits. (4)
(Apr 11)
66. (i) With neat circuit diagram and suitable wave forms, explain the operation of a
collector coupled transistor monostable multivibrator. (8)
(ii) Design a Schmitt trigger circuit to have VCC = 12 V, UTP = 5 V, LTP = 3V
and IC = 2 mA using two silicon NPN transistors with hfe(min) = 100 and
I2 = 0:1IC2. (8) (Apr 11)

67. (i) Sketch and define transistor switching times (8)

(ii) What is a clipper? Explain the operation of positive and negative diode clippers with
waveforms. (May 2010)
68. (i) Explain astable multivibrator with neat sketch of waveforms at collector and base of
transistors used in the circuit.
(ii) Determine the value of capacitors to be used in an astable multivibrator to provide a train of
pulse 2us wide at a repletion rate of 100KHz if R1=R2= 20K ohms.(May 2010)
69. (a) Explain the operation of collector-coupled monostable circuit with circuit diagram,
waveform and equivalent circuit during each state. (may 09)
70. Explain the operation of Schmitt Trigger with neat circuit diagram and response of Schmitt
trigger circuit for different loop gains. Also explain how hysteresis is eliminated in Schmitt
Trigger (may 09)
71. i) Draw the circuit of the collector coupled transistor monostable multivibrator. Sketch the
waveforms at base and collector for each transistor when the circuit is triggered and explain its
working.
ii) Explain circuits used to trigger a transistor monostable multivibrator circuit
(Nov 08)
72. i) Draw the circuit of the collector coupled transistor astable multivibrator. Explain the
operation and mention the disadvantages of the circuit.
ii) Design an astable multivibrator circuit to generate a 1KHz square wave. The supply voltage
is 5V and the collector current is to be 2mA. Assume hfe=70. (Nov 08)
73. (i) Draw the circuit of differentiator and explain the generation of narrow spikes from square
wave. What are its applications?
(ii) With circuit discuss Schmitt Trigger operation. Obtain expression for UTP and LTP
(Apr 08)
74. (i) Discuss the working of a self biased bistable multivibrator.
(ii) Explain the different methods of triggering monostable multivibrators. (Apr 08)
75. Draw and explain the circuit of Astable multivibrator and hence draw the waveforms at salient
points. Derive expression for frequency of oscillation. (Dec 07)
76. i)Draw and explain the circuit of monostable multivibrator with suitable triggering
arrangements.Give the waveforms at different modes.
ii) Derive an expression for the pulse width of monostable multivibrator and explain the same
( Dec 16)
iii) State any two applications of monostable multivibrator (Dec 07)
77. Draw the circuit of a collector coupled transistor astable multivibrator. Sketch the base and
collector waveforms and explain the circuit operation, (Dec 07)
78. i)Sketch the circuit of a Bistable multivibrator and explain the circuit operation,
ii)Explain the methods of base triggering of a Bistable multivibrator. (Dec 07)
79. Calculate the compoenent vales of a monostable multivibrator developing an output pulse of
140 s duration. Assume Hfemin=20,Ic(sat) = 6mA,Vcc=6V, Vbb=-1.5V. Draw the circuit for
monostable multivibrator with calculated values. (May 07,R-04)
80. With neat circuit diagram, explain the working of a Schmitt trigger circuit. Draw the
corresponding waveforms. (May 07,R-04)
81. Explain the operation of collector coupled astable multivibrator and also derive the expression
of T for a collector coupled astable multivibrator. (May 07)
82. What is Schmitt trigger? Explain the operation of Schmitt trigger using neat circuit diagram.
Give the mathematical analysis of the Schmitt trigger. (May 07)
83. (i) With neat circuit diagram explain the working of astable multivibrator. Derive its
time period. Draw the base and collector waveforms.
(ii) Determine the value o capacitors to be used in an astable multivibrator to provide a
train of pulse 2μs wide at a repetition rate of 100 kHz if R1 = R2 = 20kΩ. (Nov 06)
84. Design a Schmitt trigger for UTP = 5V, LTP = 3V, IC2 = 2mA and VCC = 12V. Draw
the designed circuit and hysterisis characteristics. Assume hfe = 100 (Nov 06&May 06)
85. Explain Schmitt circuit as i) Amplitude comparator ii) Squaring circuit iii) Flip flop circuit.
(Nov 06)
86. (i) Draw the circuit of emitter coupled astable multivibrator for one of the quasi
stable states and show the direction of currents. Mention the terminal voltages in
the circuit
(ii) With neat diagram, explain the working of monostable multivibrator. Derive
its on time. Draw the base and collector signals. (May 06)
87. (i) Design a collector coupled monostable multivibrator for the following specification
Vcc = 12V, Vbe(cutoff) = -1.5V, Vce(sat) = Vbe(sat) = 0, Icb0 =0, hfe(min) = 25,
t p = 200μsec, I c(sat) = 2mA, Ib = 2 I b(min) and assume R1=R2
(ii) Explain the effect of emitter coupling in monostable multivibrator. (May 06)
88. (i) Explain the ON and OFF state of the transistors in a collector coupled symmetrical
triggered bistable multivibrator. (May 06)
(ii) Explain the effect of speed up capacitor in bistable multivibrator
89. Draw the circuit and determine the output of a low pass RC circuit for an input of step
function and derive expression for output voltage and rise time. (May 06)
90. With circuit diagram and necessary waveforms, explain the operation of a saturated
collector coupled astable multivibrator. (Nov 05 & 04)
91. With circuit diagram and waveforms explain the operation of Schmitt trigger circuit using two
transistors for sinusoidal input. (Nov 05 & Apr 04)
92. With circuit diagram and necessary waveforms, explain the operation of a saturated collector
coupled monostable multivibrator. (Apr 05)
93. Design and draw a saturated collector coupled monostable multivibrator for the
following spec.: Vcc=10V, Vbb=5V, pulse duration=12ms, Ic=2mA,hfe=100 (Nov 04)
94. Design a monostable multivibrator for the following specifications: Vcc=10V,
Vbb=6V,Ic=1mA, duration of output pulse=14sec,hfe=100,Icbo=0, Vbe=0.5V (Nov 03)
29. Design a Schmitt trigger circuit for Vcc=10V, UTP=5V, LTP=3V. Assume hfe=100 and
Ic=1mA. (Nov 03)
30. Draw the circuit diagram of emitter coupled monostable multivibrator and explain its
operation with relevant waveforms. (Apr 03)
31. Explain unsymmetrical and symmetrical triggering of bistable multivibrator. (Apr 03)
32.Design a collector coupled astable multivibrator for the following specifications:
output voltage=10Vpp,Ic=1mA, hfe=100, output to be a positive pulse, the duration of
 which is 20μsec, the time between pulses to be 10usec.(Apr 04)
33.Explain how a high pass RC circuit is used as a differentiator and low pass RC circuit can be
used as integrator? (Nov 03, Apr 04 & 05)
34. Describe the response of high pass RC ckt for step, square wave and ramp i/p (Apr 03)
35.(i) sketch a transistor switching circuit and its collector-current response wave form for a pulse
input , For such a circuit , explain the following terms:
(1) Delay time,
(2) turn-on-time,
(3) storge time,
(4) fall time and
(5) turn-off time
(ii) an inductor of 250µH has Q=300 at 1MHz.determine Re and Rp of the inductor. (APR 17)
95. With a neat circuit diagram and necessary wave forms, explain bistable multivibrator operation.
(APR 17)
96. Briefly explain about the working of UJT for the relaxation oscillator with the help of suitable
circuit diagram and derive its frequency of oscillation (Dec 16)
97. With necessary circuit diagrams and waveforms, explain the operation of the following: (1)
Positive clipper, (2) Negative clipper, (3) Biased clipper,(4) Combinational (Two-way) clipper,
and (5) Clamper Circuits. (Apr/may 2021)
98. With suitable schematic explain the working of an oscillator with the feedback network consist
of 3 RC. Also derive the frequency of oscillation. (Apr/may 2021)

UNIT-II (TUNED AMPLIFIERS AND POWER AMPLIFIERS)

1. Draw the small signal model of a single tuned amplifier (May 15)
2. (i)What is meant by straggered tuning of tuned amplifier (May/June 2014)
3. Draw class C tuned amplifier and derive its efficiency. (May/June 2014)
4. Why neutralization in needed and explain with circuit Hazeltine neutralization method?
(May/June2014) (Nov/Dec 2016)
5. Draw a single tuned amplifier and derive its max gain with its equivalent circuit. (May/June
2014)
6. Analyse a tuned amplifier circuit which will have only one tank circuit and derive expressions
for gain and bandwidth. (Apr/may 2021)
7. Explain the functioning of a capacitor coupled single tuned amplifier. With high frequency
transistor model, carry out an analysis and obtain gain and bandwidth of an amplifier. Plot its
frequency response. (May/June 2013)
8. What are synchronous tuned amplifiers. Draw the circuit of two stage capacitor coupled single
tuned amplifier and explain with equation the effect of cascading on the gain and bandwidth.
(May/June 2013)
9. Draw the circuit diagram of a single tuned amplifier and explain the circuit operation. Also
derive expression for its frequency of oscillation. (Nov/Dec 2013)
10. Discuss effect of cascading tuned amplifiers.
11. Explain the working of straggered tuned amplifier with appropriate derivation.
(Nov/Dec 2013)
12. Explain the instability of tuned amplifiers and explain any one technique for stabilization.
(Nov/Dec 2013)
13. Draw the circuit diagram of two stage synchronously tuned amplifier and also its equivalent
circuit. Derive expression for bandwidth. (Nov/Dec 2012)
14. Design a tuned amplifier using FET to have fo = 1M Hz 3dB bandwidth is to be 10K Hz and
maximum gain is to be -10.FET has gm=5Ma/v and rd =10KΩ. (Nov/Dec 2012)
15. Draw the circuit of a double tuned amplifier and explain its operation. Sketch nature of
frequency – gain characteristics and write the expression for 3dB bandwidth .
(Nov/Dec 2012)
16. Explain briefly what is a straggered tuned amplifier. Sketch and compare the frequency
response of individual stages with that of a two stage stagger tuned amplifier.
(Nov/Dec 2012).
17. Draw the circuit diagram and equivalent circuit of a capacitor coupled single tuned amplifier
and explain its operation. Derive equation forvoltage – gain and write the expression for 3dB
bandwidth. Sketch frequency response of the amplifier.
(May/June 2012) , (Nov/Dec 2011)
18. A single tuned transistor amplifier is used to amplify modulated RF carrier of 600KHz and
bandwidth of 15KHz.The circuit has total output resistance R=20kΩ and output capacitance
Co=50Pf.Calculate values of inductance and capacitance of tuned circuit. 11.(i) Draw the circuit
of class C tuned amplifier and explain its operation with relavent waveforms/Discuss its
frequency response. (May/June 2012)
19. With neat circuit diagram explain Hazeltine method of neutralization and coil neutralization
(Nov/Dec 2011)
20. Draw the circuit of a single tuned amplifier and derive expression for gain as a function of
frequency. (Nov/Dec 2011)
21. (i) Draw the circuit diagram and the equivalent circuit of a capacitor-coupled single
tuned amplifier and explain its operation. Derive the equations for voltage gain
and for 3-dB bandwidth. Sketch also the frequency response of the amplifier. (12)
(ii) A single tuned transistor amplifier is used to amplify modulated RF carrier of 600
kHz and bandwidth of 15 kHz. The circuit has total output resistance Rt = 20 kΩ
and output-capacitance Co = 50 pF. Calculate the values of inductance and
capacitance of tuned circuit. (4)
(Apr 11)
22. 13. (b) (i) Explain, with suitable circuit diagrams, Hazeltine neutralization and coil
neutralization techniques. (8)
(ii) A Class C tuned amplifier has RL = 6 kΩ and the tank circuit is required to have
QL = 80. Calculate the values of L and C of the tank circuit. Assume Vcc = 20V,
resonant frequency = 5 MHz and worst case power dissipation = 20 mW. (8)
(Apr 11)
23. (i) Discuss about double tuned amplifier. (8)
(ii) Discuss the effect of bandwidth on cascading single tuned amplifier. (8)
24. (i) Explain Class C tuned amplifier and derive its efficiency (10). (Nov 16)
(ii) Explain Hazeltine neutralization method. (6)
25. With neat circuit diagram and equivalent circuit derive the expression for impedance and
admittance and plot the frequency response. (may 09)
26. Explain:
(i) Hazeltine neutralization.
(ii) Coil neutralization (may 09)
27. i) Define quality factor. Obtain the quality factor for a parallel resonant circuit.
 ii) a parallel resonant circuit has a capacitor of 100 pF and an inductor of 100 micro H. The
inductor has a resistance of 5 Ohms. Find the value of frequency at which the circuit resonates
and the circuit impedance at resonance (Nov 08)
28. i) Explain the working and the frequency response of single tuned amplifier circuit.
ii) What are synchronous and stagger tuned amplifier circuit. (Nov 08)
29. (i) Draw the circuit of class C tuned amplifier and explain its operation
with relevant waveforms.
(ii) Discuss the Hazeltine method of neutralization with circuit. (Apr 08)
30. i) Discuss instability of tuned amplifier.
(ii) Explain the working of Emitter coupled Astable multivibrator. (Apr 08)
31. Draw the circuit diagram of a single tuned amplifier and obtain expression for its gain. derive
expressions for gain at resonance and 3dB Bandwidth. (Dec 07)
32. Write short notes on
i) Hazeltine neutralization
ii) Class C tuned amplifier (Dec 07)
33. What is the need for neutralization in tuned amplifiers? Explain a narrow band and broadband
neutralization technique. (Dec 07)
34. Discuss the working of synchronously tuned amplifiers. (May 07,R-04)
35. Draw the equivalent circuit of capacitance coupled single tuned amplifier and derive the
expression for the bandwidth. (May 07)
36. Write short notes on:
(i) Stagger tuned amplifier
(ii) Hazeltine Neutralization (May 07)
37. (i) Explain single tuned voltage amplifier and discuss its frequency response. (Nov 06)
(ii) Explain Hazeltine neutralization method to maintain stability in tuned amplifiers.
38. (i) Define Class C amplifer. Sketch a tuned Class C amplifier with an LC tank circuit as
load. Derive its efficiency. (May 07,R-04)
(ii) A class C amplifer has a base bias voltage of -5V and Vcc=30V. It is determined
that a peak input voltage of 9.8V at 1MHz is required to drive the transistor to its
saturation current of 1.8A. Find the conduction angle, output power at 1 MHz and
efficiency. (Nov 06)
39. Analyse single tuned capacitance coupled amplifer using equivalent circuit. (Nov 06)
40. Explain i) Class C amplifiers and efficiency of class C tuned amplifier (ii) Narrow band
neutralization. (Nov 06)
41. (i) Derive the bandwidth of a synchronous tuning system with three single tuned
amplifiers. Assume bandwidth of individual stage is 10 kHz
(ii) With equivalent circuit of single tuned amplifier derive the gain as function of
frequency. Derive the cut off frequencies. (May 06)
42. (i) What is the need for neutralization? Explain Hazeltine neutralization.
(ii) Design a tuned amplifier using FET to have f0 = 1 MHz, 3 dB bandwidth is 10 kHz
and maximum gain is -10. FET has gm = 5mA/V, rd = 10KΩ. (May 06)
43. (i) Draw the high frequency model of a single tuned amplifier (May 06)
(ii) Derive the simplified high frequency model.
(iii) Determine an expression for current gain using simplified high frequency model
44. (i) Describe Class C tuned amplifie with necessary circuits and give its applications.
(ii) Explain the term Unilateralization (May 06)
45. i) A single tuned amplifier using n channel JFET with gm 5 5mA/V and rd = 20kΩ, has
tank circuit with L = 1mH, series resistance of the coil Rs = 25 Ωand C = 1nF.
 Calculate the voltage gain at resonance if RL = 32kΩ
ii) With circuit diagram and frequency characteristics, compare double tuned and
stagger tuned amplifiers. (Apr 05)
46. With a neat diagram, explain the performance of single tuned amplifier. (Nov 05)
47. (i) Describe the principles involved in stagger tuned amplifier. (Nov 05)
(ii) Discuss briefly about neutralization in tuned amplifiers.
48. i) With circuit diagram, ac equivalent circuit and frequency response characteristics,
explain the operation of a single tuned amplifier.
ii) A resonant circuit has C=120pF, L=100μH (with a series resistance of 5 ohms). Find
the Q factor and the bandwidth.
iii) What is the effect of cascading n stages of identical single tuned amplifiers on the
overall 3 dB bandwidth? (Nov 04)
49. i) A parallel resonant circuit is used as drain circuit for a FET CS amplifier. The
inductance is 1mH with a Q of 100 at the resonant frequency of 200 kHz and the
FET has gm=2mA/V and rd=20Kohms. (Nov 03)
ii) What is the value of the tuning capacitor and the amplifier bandwidth?
50. i) Obtain the bandwidth of a n stage cascaded identical single tuned amplifiers in terms
of the bandwidth of a single stage single tuned amplifier.
ii) Draw the circuit diagram and frequency response characteristics of a stagger-tuned
amplifier. (Nov 03)
51. Explain with circuit diagram, the operation of a Double tuned amplifier. (Apr 03)
52. i) Brief the principle of Stagger tuning
ii) Explain the Hazeltine method of neutralization. (Apr 03)
53. i) Explain how class C operation can be used for frequency multiplication (Nov 03)
ii) Brief about high frequency limitations of amplifiers.
54. (i)draw the circuit of the class C tuned amplifier and explain its operation with relevant
waveforms.discuss also its frequency response.
(ii)With a neat circuit diagram, explain the hazeltine method of neutralization.(APR 17)
55. Draw the circuit of a double-tuned amplifier and explain its operation.sketch the nature of
frequency-gain characteristics and write the expression for 3-dB bandwidth.(APR 17)

UNIT-III (BASICS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS)

1. List and explain the function of all the basic building blocks of an op-amp. (May
2019)
2. Explain the DC and AC performance characteristics of op-amp. (May
2019)
3. Suppose that an amplifier with input resistance of 500k-Ohm or greater is needed
and a voltage gain of -10. The feedback resistors are to be implemented in
integrated form and have values of 10k-Ohm or less to conserve chip area. Choose
a suitable circuit configuration and specify the resistance values. Finally, estimate
the resistor tolerance needed so that the gain magnitude maintained within 5% of
its nominal values. (7) (May 2019)
4. (i) Draw the transfer characteristics of an operational amplifier and explain its
linear and non-linear operation. (8)
(i) Present the inverting and non-inverting amplifier circuits of an op-amp in closed
loop configuration. Derive the expressions for the closed-loop gain in these circuits. (9)
(ii) Define slew rate. In what way does it possess impact on the performance of an op-
amp circuit? (4) (Dec 2018)
5. Discuss about the principle & operation of differential amplifier using BJT. (May
2018)
6. Explain about ideal Op-amp in detail with suitable diagrams. (May
2018)
7. With the help of block diagram, explain the various stages present in an
operational amplifier. (Nov 2017,
Nov 2015)
8. Draw the transfer characteristics of an operational amplifier and explain the linear
and non-linear operation. (Nov
2017)
9. Draw the inverting and non-inverting amplifier circuits of an op-amp in closed –
loop configuration. Obtain the expression for the closed loop gain in these circuits.
(Nov 2017)
10. Perform the AC analysis of the operational amplifier IC 741. (Nov
2017)
11. Derive the functional parameters for an inverting mode negative feedback gain
circuit with a 741 Op-amp in IC inverting mode ,with R1=1kohm,Rf=40Kohm and
compute Af;Rif;Rof;BW;offset voltage. (May 2017)
12. (i) Explain the significance of virtual ground in an op-amp. (6) (Dec
2016)
(ii) With diagram explain the operation of an inverting amplifier in closed loop
configuration. Obtain the expression for closed loop gain. (6) (Dec 2016)
(iii) Assuming a slew rate for 741 IC is 0.5v/us. What is the maximum undistorted
sinewave that can be obtained for 12V peak. (4)
13. (i) Explain the operation of a current mirror circuit (6) (Dec
2016)
(ii) Compare the features of ideal and practical op-amp circuit. (6)
(iii) A differential amplifier has CMRR=1000. Differential inputs V1=1100uv and
V2=900uv. Calculate the difference in output voltage if the differential gain
AD=25000. (4)
14. (i) With a schematic diagram, explain the effect of RE on CMRR in differential
amplifier.(4)(May 2016)
(ii) Discuss about the methods to improve CMRR. (12) (May
2016)
15. (i) Write a note on stability criteria and frequency compensation technique applied
in op-amp. (12) (Nov 2015)
(ii) A non-inverting amplifier with a gain of 300 having an impact offset voltage of +/-
3mV. Find the output voltage when the input is 0.01 sin(wt) volt. (4) (May
2016)
16. Describe the AC performance characteristics of an operational amplifier (8)
(May 2016)
17. Describe the DC performance characteristics of an operational amplifier (8)
(Dec
2014,May 2012)
18. Explain the internal circuit diagram of IC741C.Discuss its AC and DC performance
characteristics. (May 2014)
19. (i) Explain the working of a BJT differential amplifier with active load. (12)
(ii)Write down the characteristics and their respective values of an ideal
operational amplifier. (4)
(Dec 2013)
20. (i)Compute different configurations of differential amplifier. (8)
(ii)For a dual input, balanced output differential amplifier, Rc= 2.2kΩ, RE=4.7kΩ,
RS1=RS2=50Ω. The supply voltages are +/- 10V. The hfe for the transistor is 50.
Assume silicon transistors and hie=1.4kΩ. Determine the operating point values,
differential gain, common mode gain and CMRR.
(8)(May2013)
21. (i)State the advantages of integrated circuits over discrete components. (4)
(ii)Draw the circuit of basic current mirror and explain its operation. Also discuss
about how current ratio can be improved in the basic current mirror. Sketch the
improved circuit and explain. (12)(May
2013)
22. (i) Define and explain slew rate. What is full-power bandwidth? Also explain the
methods adopted to improve slew rate. (10) (Dec
2012)
(ii) Define output off-set voltage. Explain methods to nullify off-set voltage (6)
23. With neat circuit diagrams explain the operation of
(i) Voltage reference circuit using temperature compensation (6)
(ii) Voltage reference circuit using Avalanche diode reference
(6)(May2012)
(iii)The current mirror shown below,is to provide a 1mA current with Vcc=10v.
Assume =125 and Vbe=0.7v (i)Determine the value of R1. ii)Also for a collector
current of 10 microamps find the value of R1. (4)

24. Explain the concept of Widlar current source used in op-amp circuits. (10)
With a neat block diagram explain the general stages of an Op-amp IC
(6)(Dec2011)
25. Explain with a diagram the working of the BJT emitter coupled differential
amplifier .Also explain the concept of active load and sketch the relevant circuit
diagram (Dec 2011)
26. Draw the circuit diagram of the output stage of the IC 741 OP AMP and explain
its operation with clearly indicating the protection mechanisms . (Dec
2010)
27. i. Define CMRR. Draw the circuit of an Op-amp differential amplifier and give the
expression for CMRR.
(8)
ii. Define Slew Rate. Explain the cause of slew rate and derive an expression for
Slew rate for an op-amp voltage follower. (8)(May 2010)
28. Briefly explain the various processes involved in fabricating monolithic IC which
integrates bipolar transistor, diode, capacitor and resistor. (May 2010)
29. (i) With simple schematic of differential amplifier, explain the function of
Operational
amplifier. (8) (May
2015)
(ii) Briefly explain about constant current source. (8) (May
2015)
30. How do the open loop gain and the closed loop gain of an op-amp differ? (4)(May
2015)
31. Discuss briefly on the differential mode instrumentation amplifier. (May 2016)
32. Explain the operation of (May 2019)
Schmitt Trigger. (7)
(ii)Precision rectifier. (6)

33. Find Vo. Verify that if R3/R4=R1/R2, the circuit is an instrumentation amplifier with gain
A=1+R2/R1. (May 2019)

34. Draw the circuit diagram of an instrumentation amplifier and explain its operation. List few
applications. (Apr/May 2021)
35. Find the output exression for the following figure shown. (8) (May 2019)
36. (i)Explain the issues and challenges in active filter design with example.(5)(May 2019)
(ii)The circuit given is inverting amplifier except the resistor R3 is added. The circuit
parameters are R1=5k-Ohm, R2=25k-Ohm, R3=12.5k-ohm, RL=5k-Ohm.
37. Derive Vout expression.
38. Derive expression for I3.
39. What happens to I3 if R3 is doubled? (R3=25k-Ohm) (10)

40. (i) With a suitable circuit diagram, explain the operating principle of an instrumentation
amplifier and derive its gain. (7) (Dec 2018)
(ii)Design a second order Butterworth low-pass filter having upper cut-off frequency of 2.1961
kHz. (6)
41. (i)Design a clipper circuit for a clipping level of +0.83V, given an input sine wave signal of
0.3V peak. Assume the gain of the amplifier is 9 and it has an input resistance of 2.2k-Ohm
connected. (5) (Dec 2018)
(ii)Draw the operational diagram and explain the working principle of antilogarithmic amplifier
and Schmitt trigger. (8)
42. Design a differentiator to produce an output of 6V when the input changes by 2V in 40 micro
seconds. (5) (Dec 2018)
(i)Describe about voltage follower circuit. (May 2018)
(ii)Write short notes on subtractor circuit.
43. With a neat diagram explain about V-I converter. (May 2018)
44. Design a differentiator to produce an output of 4v when the input changes by 2v in 60
microseconds.
(Nov 2017)
45. (i)For performing differentiation in an operational amplifier, integrator is preferred to
differentiator-Explain. (Nov2017)
(ii)What is an instrumentation amplifier? Draw a system whose gain is controlled by variable
resistance. (May 2018,Nov 2017)
46. (i)Design a clipper circuit for a clipping level of +0.61v,given an input sine wave signal of 0.5v
peak. Assume the gain of the amplifier is 12 and it has an input resistance of 1kohm connected.

(Nov2017) (ii)Design a
second order Butterworth low pass filter having upper cut-off frequency of 2.5khz.
47. (i) Differentiate between low pass, high pass, band pass and band reject filter. Sketch the
frequency plot. (6) (Dec
2016)
(ii) Design a second order low pass Butter worth filter for a cut off frequency of 1KHz.(10)
48. Write short notes on: (Dec 2016, May 2017)
Clipper and clamper circuits.
Integrator.
49. (i)Draw the circuit diagram of an instrumentation amplifier and explain its operation. List few
applications. (12) (May 2016)
(ii)How an op-amp can be used as a log amplifier?
50. (i) Design a second order high pass Butter worth filter having cut off frequency of 5KHz.(6)
(i)With a neat circuit diagram,explain the working of precision rectifier.(Nov 2015)
51. (i)Explain the application of operational amplifier as differentiator.
(ii) What is a precision rectifier. With circuit schematic explain the working principle of full
wave rectifier. (May 2016)
52. Determine the output voltage for the following circuit shown in fig.

53. With neat sketch explain the operation of a 3 op-amp instrumentation amplifier.
(Dec 2014)
54. Explain the operation of precision full wave rectifier with neat sketch. (Dec 2014)
55. With neat diagram explain logarithmic and antilogarithmic amplifier. (May 2014)
56. With neat diagram explain the application of op-amp as precision rectifier, clipper and clamper.
(May 2014)
57. Explain the working of (i) Instrumentation amplifier (ii)Schmitt trigger. Dec 2013,May 2017)
58. Explain the working of (i)Precision full wave rectifier (ii)integrator. (Dec 2013)
59. (i).What do you understand by an instrumentation amplifier. (2)
(ii).State the requirements of a good instrumentation amplifier. (4)
(iii).Draw the circuit diagram and explain the working of instrumentation amplifier. (6)
(iv).Mention the specific advantages of three op-amp instrumentation amplifier circuit(4)
(May 2013)

60. (i) What do you understand by an integrator (2)

(ii) Draw and explain an ideal active op-amp integrator circuit. (4)
(iii) Draw the I/O waveforms for: integrator (1)step input signal (2)square wave input signal
(3)sine wave input signal. (4½)
 (iv) Derive the expression for change in output voltage. (3)
(v) List the applications of practical integrator. (1½)
61. Design a practical integrator circuit with a dc gain of 10 to integrate a square wave of 10kHz.
(May 2013)
62. With neat circuit diagrams and mathematical expressions, explain the operation of the following
op-amp applications :
(i) scale changer. (4)
(ii) Voltage follower (4)
(iii) Non-inverting adder (4)
(iv) Integrator (4)(Dec 2012)
63. With the help of circuits and necessary equations, explain how log and antilog computations are
performed using IC741C. (Dec 2012)
64. Sketch the basic circuit using op-amp to perform the mathematical operation of differentiation
and explain. What are the limitations of an ordinary OP-AMP differentiator?
65. (i)Draw and explain the circuit of a practical differentiator that will eliminate these
limitations.(8)
(ii) Draw and the circuit of a voltage to current converter if the load is
(1) Floating (4)
(2) grounded (4)(May 2012)
66. (i) Explain the working of OP-AMP based Schmitt trigger circuit. (8)
(ii) Design an OP-AMP based Second order active low pass filter with cut off frequency
2KHZ. (8)(May 2012)
67. (i)Explain the construction and working of OP_AMP based Instrumentation amplifier. (8)
(ii)Draw the adder-subtractor circuit with op-amp to obtain the relation V0= (V1 +V2) –
(V3+V4) (8)(Dec 2011)
68. (i) Design an op-amp based second order active low pass filter with cut off frequency 2kHz.(8)
(ii) Calculate the output of the following circuit. (8)(Dec 2011)

69. (i) With relevant circuits, explain the applications of OPAMP Voltage to current converters.
(ii) Explain the steps involved in the design of a band pass filter using OPAMP.(8)(Dec
2010)
70. (i) Write a note on Schmitt trigger. (8)
(ii) Design a first order Low-pass filter for cut-off frequency of 2 KHz and pass-band gain
of . (8)(Dec 2010)
71. (i) Explain a positive clipper circuit using an Op-amp and a diode with neat diagrams. (8)

(ii) Design a circuit to implement 0 3 4 1 2 V =0.545V + 0.273V −1.25V −2V . (8)(May 2010)
72. (i) Draw and explain a simple Op-amp differentiator. Mention its limitations. Explain with a
neat diagram (8)
 (ii)How it can be overcome in a practical differentiator. Design an Op-amp differentiator that
73. Will differentiate an input signal with maximum frequency f 100Hz max. (8)(May 2010)
74. (i) Explain Log amplifier. (8)
(ii) What is an active integrator. Explain the working of an active integrator (8)(Dec 2009)
75. (i) Design a second order low pass filter. (6)
(ii)Explain the working principle of Schmitt trigger. (10)(May 2009,May
2017)
76. (i) .Design an op-amp circuit to give an output voltage V0=3V1-2V2+5V3 where V1, V2 and
V3 are inputs. (6)
(ii) Explain the Monostable amplifier. Deduce the expressions for a closed loop voltage gain
of a non inverting amplifier. (10)(Dec 2008)
77. (i)Explain the operation of Schmitt trigger. (10)
(ii)Explain log and antilog amplifier. (6)(Dec 2008)
78. With circuit diagram explain the applications of op-amp as precision rectifier, wave form
generators. Derive the necessary expressions. (Dec 2008)
79. Design a differentiator to differentiate an input signal that varies in frequency from 10 Hz to
about 1 KHz. ( April 2008)
80. If a sine wave of 1 V peak at 1000 Hz is applied to the differentiator, draw its output wave form.
Give the basic differentiator frequency response. ( April 2008)
81. (i) Draw the circuit diagram of a second order Butter worth active LPF and derive its expression
for transfer function. (10)
(ii) Design the mentioned filter for a cutoff frequency of 1 KHZ and a damping factor of 1.4
(6)(May
2007)
82. (i)Design a band pass filter using OP-AMP to have fl = 500Hz and fh = 2KHz with pass band
gain of 4. (8)
(ii) For the non inverting op-amp shown in the figure, find the output voltage Vo.
(8)(May 2007)

83. Design a second order Butterworth active high pass filter for a cutoff frequency of 5KHZ
(ii) What is a precision diode. With circuit schematic explain the working principle of full wave
precision Rectifier. (6)(Dec 2007)
84. (i) Draw the circuit of a second order Butterworth active LPF and derive its transfer function.
(10)
(ii) Design a second order LPF for a cut-off freq of 1Khz. (6)(May 2006)
85. (i) Draw the circuit of Astable multivibrator using op amp and derive the expression for its
frequency of oscillation. (10)
(ii)Using 741 op-amp design an astable multivibrator for a frequency of 1Khz.
(6)(May 2006)
 86. (i) Determine the output voltage V0 for the following circuit (4)

(ii) Briefly explain the working principle of Schmitt trigger (12)(Dec 2006)
87. With circuit diagram discuss the following applications op-amp
a) Voltage to current converter (8)
b) Precision rectifier. (8)(Dec 2006)
88. (i)Explain the operation of differentiator and integrator (10)
(ii) State the conditions for oscillations and explain the operation of any one sine wave
oscillator using op amp. (6)(Dec
2005)
89. Explain the working of i) Triangular wave generator ii) precision rectifier.
90. Explain the working of astable multivibrator using op-amp 741. (Dec 2005)
91. (i) Design an op amp phase shift oscillator for fo=500 HZ (8)
(ii) Design a Schmitt trigger for UTP=0.5V and LTP=-0.5V (8)(Dec 2004)
92. (i)Design a second order Butterworth low pass filter having a cut off frequency of 1KHZ.(8)
93. Explain the working of op-amp Schmitt trigger. (8)(Dec 2003)
94. Determint the rate of change of the output voltage in response to the first input pulse as shown
below for the integrator. The output voltage is initially zero. Also describe the output after the
first pulse. Draw the output waveform. (8) (May 2015)

95. Explain in detail about the V to I and I to V converters. (8)(May 2015)

96. With neat diagram explain the operation of Schmitt trigger. (8)(May 2015)
97. Design a wide band pass filter having fL =400Hz and fh = 2KHz and pass band gain of 4. Find
the value of Q of the filter. (8)(May 2015)

UNIT IV: MULTIVIBRATORS AND PLL

1. Explain the working principle of Triangular wave generator circuit using op-amp and
mention its application. (May 2019)
2. Explain the following ICs function and application: (i)Audio Power Amplifier.
(ii)Video Amplifier. (May 2019)
3. (i)Explain the operation of an astable and monostable multivibrators with necessary
diagrams. (10) (Dec 2018)
(ii)State the significant difference between fixed and adjustable voltage regulators.
(3)
4. Design a wave generator using 555 timer for a frequency of 110Hz and 80% duty
cycle. Assume C=0.16uF. (7) (Dec 2018)
5. Design a square wave generator using 555 timer for a frequency of 120HZ and 60%
duty cycle. Assume C= 0.2 microfarad. (Nov 2017)
6. With neat diagram, explain the operation of an astable and monostable
multivibrators and Derive an expression for the frequency of oscillation with relevant
waveforms.
(Nov 2017,Nov 2015)

7. Design a astable multivibrator circuit to generate output pulses of 25%,50% duty

cycle using a 555 timer IC, with choice of C=0.01 micro farad, frequency as 4.0khz.
(May 2017)
(ii) Design a monostable multivibrator using 555 timer for a pulse period of 2ms. (4)
8. (i) Briefly write the working principle and functionalities of LM 380 audio
9. Describe the working of an astable multivibrator using op-amp. (Dec
2014)
10. (i)Explain the working of monostable multivibrator. (14)
11. (i) Draw the circuit using op-amp to generate triangular wave-Explain its operation
(8)
(ii) With a neat diagram, explain the working of step down switching
regulator.(8)(Dec 2012)
12. With a neat circuit diagram and internal functional diagram explain the working of
555 timers in astable mode.
(May 2010)
13. Explain the working of 555 Timer in astable mode. Using the same IC design a circuit
to toggle an LED with one second delay between on and off time repeatedl (Dec
2011,2009)
14. With diagram explain the principle of operation of triangular waveform generator
using op-amp. (10) (May 2009)
15. (i) Explain the operation of a monostable multivibrator using 555 timer (10)
16. Draw the internal block diagram of NE 555 timer IC and explain how it can be used
as monostable multivibrator.
(May 2006)
17. (i) A 555 timer configured in astable mode with RA=2K.,RB=4K.and C=0.1µF.
Determine the frequency of the output and duty cycle. (8)
(i) Design an astable multivibrator using 555 timer to produce 1 KHZ square wave for
duty cycle D=0.50 (6) (Dec 2004)
 18. Describe Monostable multivibrator with necessary diagrams and derive for ON
time and recovery time (10)(May 2015)
19. Construct the Phase Locked Loop and explain the working operation with
NE/SE 566 Voltage Control Oscillator. (Apr/May 2021)

UNIT V: ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS

1. (i)Assume the following values for the ADC clock frequency=1MHz; DAC has F.S.
output=10.23V and a 10-bit input. Determine the following values:
(1) The digital equivalent obtained for the input voltage VA=3.728V.
(2) The conversion time.
(3) The resolution of this converter in percentage. (9)
(ii)A 10-bit DAC has a step size of 10mV. Determine the full-scale output voltage and
the percentage resolution. (4) (May 2019)
2. Explain the working of R-2R ladder DAC with a circuit schematic. List converter
characteristics. (May 2019)
3. (i)Describe the operational features of R-2R ladder type D/A converter. (7) (Dec 2018)
(ii)Discuss the various switches employed for D/A converters. (6)
4. (i)With a neat block diagram, explain the operation of flash and successive
approximation type A/D converter. (10) (Dec 2018)
(ii)What is oversampling? Give examples for oversampling converter. (3)
5. Design a 3-bit R-2R ladder Digital to Analog Converter and explain the conversion
operation with suitable input. (Apr/may 2021)
6. For a 4-bit R-2R ladder D/A converter assume that the full-scale voltage is 16V.
Calculate the step change in output voltage on input varying from 0111 to 1111. (8)
(Dec 2018)
7. Enumerate the specifications of D/A converter. (May 2018)
8. Describe in detail about the single slope type ADC with neat sketch. (May 2018)
9. For a4-bit R-2r ladder D/A converter assume that the full-scale voltage is
12v.Calculate the step change in output voltage on input varying from 1001 t0 1111.
(Nov 2017)
10. An 8 bit A/D converter accepts an input voltage signal of range 0 to 9 v .What is the
minimum value of the input voltage required for generating a change of 1 least
significant bit?Specify the digital output for an input voltage of 4v.What input voltage
will generate all is at the A/D converter output? (Nov 2017)
11. (i)Explain in detail on the operational features of 4-bit weighted resistor type D/A
converter. (Nov2017)
(ii)Differentiate between current mode and voltage mode R-2R ladder D/A converters.
(Nov 2017)
12. (i) With a neat sketch explain the working principle of flash type A/D converter.(10)
(Nov 2017)
(ii) An 8 bit A/D converter accepts an input voltage signal of range 0 to 10v. (Dec
2016)
 (1) What is the minimum value of the input voltage required to generate a change
of
1 LSB? (3)
(2) What input voltage will generate all ‘1’s at A/D converter output? (3)
13. With functional block diagram explain A/D converter using voltage to time converter
with input and output waveforms. (16) (Dec
2016)
14. Determine the conversion time of 8bit and 16 bit successive approximation type analog
to Digital Converter if its clock frequency is 50HZ.(Nov 2015)
15. With a neat block diagram, explain the working of two bit flash type ADC. (Nov 2015)
16. (i) Explain the successive of using approximation type A/D converter. (12)(May
2016,2017,NOV 2017)
(ii) Narrate the functions of analog switches. (4)
17. (i) State the significance of using high speed sample and hold circuits. Explain its
working principle. (12)
(May 2016)
(ii) Compare the performance of various DACS. (4)
18. (i) Describe the working of a weighted resistor type DAC. (8)
(ii) Describe the working of a R-2R type DAC. (8)(Dec
2014)
19. With neat sketch exlain the working of a flash tye ADC. (Dec 2014)
20. Explain weighted resistor type and R-2R Ladder type DAC. (May 2014)
21. Explain Flash type, Single slope type and Dual slope type ADC. (May 14,2017))
22. Explain the working of (i) R-2R ladder D/A converter. (6)
(ii)Dual slope A/D converter. (10)(Dec
2013)
23. Explain the working of (i)weighted resistor D-A converter (6)
(ii)Successive approximation A/D converter. (10)(Dec 2013)
24. (i)Compare single slope ADC & dual slope ADC (3)
(ii)Draw the circuit & explain the working of dual slope A/D converter. (8)
(iii)For a particular dual slope ADC, tr is 83.33ms and reference voltage is
100mv.Calculate t2 if (1) v1 is 100 mV and (2) 200mV.
(5)(May 2013)
25. Draw the block diagram and explain the working of (i) charge balancing VFCS
(ii) Voltage to time converter. (May 2013)
26. Explain the following types of digital to analog converters, with suitable circuit
diagrams :
(i) Binary weighted resistor DAC. (6)
(ii) R-2R Ladder DAC (5)
(iii) Inverted R-2R Ladder DAC (6)(Dec 2012)
27. (i) With a neat block diagram, explain, in detail, the successive approximation type
A/D converter. (8)
(ii) Explain the oversampling A/D converter with functional block diagram. (8)(Dec
2012)
28. (i)Explain the following types of switches used in DAC, with suitable diagrams:
a) Totem pole MOSFET switch (4)
 b)CMOS inverter as a Switch (4)
(ii)Explain the working of R-2R ladder DAC, by taking example of a 3-bit DAC
circuit. Sketch the corresponding equivalent circuits and hence obtain the equation for
output.(8)(May 2012)
29. (i)With neat circuit diagram and waveform of output , explain the working of Dual
slope ADC. (10)
(ii)Give a table of comparison of flash, dual –slope and Successive approximation
ADCs, in
terms of parameters like speed, accuracy, resolution, input-hold time. (6)(May
2012)
30. Describe the operation of dual slope and successive approximation type ADC. What
are the advantages of dual slope ADC? (Dec 2010)
31. Explain voltage mode and current mode operations of R-2R ladder type DAC.
32. Discuss the operation of sample and hold circuit with circuit diagram. (Dec 2010)
33. Explain the working of R-2R ladder DAC and Binary weighted resistor DAC. (8)
34. Explain the working of success approximation ADC. (8)(Dec 2011,May
2010)
35. (i). A dual slope ABC uses a 16-bit counter and a 4 MHz clock rate. The maximum
input voltage is +10V. The maximum integrator output voltage should be -8V when
the counter has recycled through n2 counts. The capacitor used in the integrator is
0.1μF. Find the value of resistor R of the integrator.
(ii) What is a sample and hold circuit? Briefly explain its construction and application.
(Dec2011, May
2010)
36. (i)What is an analog switch. Explain its role in high speed sampling and hold circuits.
(8)
(ii)Write notes on voltage to time converters (8) (Dec 2009)
37. (i).Explain the working of single slope ADC (8)
(ii). Explain the working of inverted R-2R ladder type D/A converter (8)
(Dec 2011, Dec 2009)
38. (i) With neat diagram explain the working principle of successive approximation type
A/D converter (10)
(ii).Discuss different types of analog switches (6) (May 2009)
39. (i) Draw the circuit diagram of D/A converter 0800 and explain its features. (8)

(ii) Discuss the functions of voltage to time converters (8) (May 2009)
40. (i)Explain dual slope A/D Converter with circuit. (April 2008)
(ii) Compare binary weighted DAC with R-2R ladder network DAC.
41. For a 4 bit R-2R ladder network, determine the size of each step if R=10 K Ω and Rf
=40K Ω and Vcc = ± 15 V. Calculate the output voltage for Do = 1, D1 = 0, D2 = 1, if
bit ‘1’ is applied as 5 V and bit ‘0’ is applied as 0 V. (May 2008)
42. (i) Explain Sample and Hold circuit with suitable sketches (8)
(ii) Explain binary weighted resistance D/A converter (8)(Dec 2008)
43. (i) With a neat sketch explain the working of dual slope A/D converter (10)
(ii) What is delta modulation? Explain Adaptive DM (6)(Dec
2008)
44. Draw and explain the functional block diagram of 8-bit DAC 0800.
(Dec2008)
45. Draw the circuit of a R-2 R ladder type digital to analog converter and explain(May
2007)
46. (i) Explain the working of flash analog to digital converter. (Dec 2011,May
2007)
(ii) How many comparators are required for a 4 bit flash ADC? For an input signal in the
range of 0 to 10V, what are the reference voltages needed? Show how they can be
generated using a 10V reference and several 1K resistors. (May
2007)
47. (i) With circuit schematic explain analog switches using FET
(ii). Explain the working principle of dual slope A/D converter

(iii)Compare binary weighted DAC with R-2R ladder network DAC. (Dec2007)
48. (i) Write short notes on voltage to time converters (10)
(ii) What are the different sources of error in D/A converter (6)(Dec 2007)
49. (i).Design a 4 bit binary weighted resistor D/A converter for the following
specifications. Use LM741 opamp. R=10K,Vref=2.5V.Full scale output=5V
(8)
(ii) Draw the circuit of sample and hold circuit. State how will you reduce its hold
mode.
(iii) With neat diagram explain the working of single and dual slope A/D converter.
(May 2006)
50. (i)Briefly explain the working principle of successive approximation type ADC (12)
(ii). An 8 bit DAC has a step size of 10mv. Determine the full scale output voltage and
percentage resolution. Find the output voltage for the input of 01010101.(10)(Dec
2006)
51. (i) Explain how dual slope A/D converter provides noise rejection. (8)
(ii) Explain the working of voltage to time converter (8)(Dec
2005)
52. (i) Explain the working of counter type A/D converter and state its important features.
(10)
(ii)Determine the resolution of an 8-bit A/D converter for a 10V input range. (4) (Dec
2004)
53. (i)Explain the working of a weighted resistor D/A converter and state its important
features (8)
(ii)Using an op-amp, draw the functional diagram of a successive approximation type
ADC and explain its working. (8) (Dec 2004)
54. Explain in detail about the following Digital to Analog conversion techniques.
(i)R-2R ladder type DAC. (8) (May 2015)
(ii)Weighted resistor DAC. (8) (May2015)
55. With neat diagram, explain the following
(i)Dual slope ADC. (8)
(ii)Successive Approximation ADC. (8) (May 2015)
PREPARED BY: APPROVED BY:

1. Dr.Resmi.R.Nair
2. Ms.T.Gophika
3. Dr.S.R.Sriram