IFUGAO STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Criminal Justice Education Ethics

Chapter 8
Globalization and the Millenials

Learning Outcome:

At the end of the chapter, students are able to:

1. Identify the important moral challenges of globalization;

2. Discuss the pros and cons of globalization;
3. Construct a plan for coping with the challenges of globalization; and
4. Compare responses to shared moral dilemmas of baby boomers and millennials.

Lesson Proper
Introduction

Globalization has been in the air. It has now come to be one of the most frequently
usedterms in Politics and Economics. It is being projected as the common objective of the
whole human kind.

Gen Y, more known as the millenials, has their ups and downs in today’s world. The
millenials are a generation that is deserving and commendable sometimes. It’s no doubt
that they accomplish their goals based on their term and use the resources that were
given to them. They continue to climb up the success latter show their hard work, and can
change the views on how other generations see them. They need to come together as
generations and make sure they teach the upcoming generations everything they have
learned and ultimately continue to grow and push forward towards a better future.

Lesson 1: Origin and Nature of Globalization

Globalization implies the continuing expansion and intensification of economic,

political, social, cultural and judicial relations across borders. It is furthered by reductions
in transportation and communication costs, the rise of new information technologies, such
as the internet, and liberalizations in the markets for goods, services, labor, capital, and
technology. It changes the life styles and living conditions for people around the world,
presenting new opportunities to some, but risks and threats to others.

What is Globalization?

Globalization is process of interaction and integration among the people,

companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade
and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the
environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity,
and on human physical well-being in societies around the world.

Lesson 1.1: Reasons for Globalization

There are several factors which have influenced the process of globalization:
IFUGAO STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Criminal Justice Education Ethics

1. Improvements on transportation - Larger cargo ships mean that the cost of transporting
goods between countries has decreased.

2. Freedom of Trade - Organization like the World Trade Organizatio (WTO) promote free
trade between countries, which help to remove barriers between countries.

3. Improvements of Communication - The internet and mobile technology have allowed

greater communication between people in different countries.

4. Labor availability and skills - Countries such as India have lower labor costs (about a
third of that of the UK) and also high skill levels. Labor intensive industries such as
clothing can take advantage of cheaper labor costs and reduced legal restrictions in
LEDCs.

Lesson 1.2: Salient Features of Globalization

Hereunder are the general characteristics of globalization:

1. Liberalization. It stands for the freedom of the entrepreneurs to establish any industry
or trade or business venture, within their own countries or abroad.

2. Free trade. It stands for free flow of trade relations among all the nations. It stands for
keeping business and trade away from excessive and rigid regulatory and protective rules
and regulations.

3. Globalization of Economic Activity. Economic activities are governed both by the

domestic markets and the world market. It stands for the process of integrating the
domestic economies with the world economy.

4. Liberalization of Import-Export System. It stands for the liberalization of the import-

export activity involving a free flow of goods and services across borders.

5. Privatization. Globalization stands for keeping the state away from ownership of means
of production and distribution and letting the free flow of industrial, trade and economic
activity among the people and their cooperations.

6. Increased Collaborations. Encouraging the process of collaborations among the

entrepreneurs with a view to secure rapid modernization, development and technological
advancement is a feature of Globalization.

7. Economic Reforms. Encouraging fiscal and financial reforms with a view to give strenght
to free trade, free enterprise and market forces of the world. Globalization stands for
integration and democratization of the world’s culture, economy and infrustructure
through global investments.

Lesson 2: Challenges to Globalization

IFUGAO STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Criminal Justice Education Ethics

The term ‘globalization’ generally refers to the opening of international borders to

flows of free trade, immigration, direct investment, information and technology.
International organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World
Bank, and the World Trade Organization work to promote globalization’s benifit and
benefit and address its risk in the world economies, with particular focus on helping the
poorer countries. Globalization has many obvious benefits to consumers and businesses
in rich and poor countries alike. But globalization also has critics.

Lesson 2.1: Positive Consequences of Globalization

There is substantial evidence, from countries of different sizes and different sizes and
different regions, that as countries “globalization” their citizens benifit, in the form of:

1. access to wider variety of goods and services

2. lower prices,
3. more and better - paying jobs,
4. improved health, and
5. higher overall living standards.
6. globalization is merging historic distinct and seperate national markets into one huge
global marketplace.

Lesson 2.2: Negative Impacts of Globalization

Critics of globalization have listed down some of its negative impact that include
groups such as environmentalist, anti-poverty campaigners and trade unionist.

Some of the negative impacts are:

1. Globalization operates mostly in the interests of the richest countries, which continue
to dominate world trade at the expense of developing countries.

2. There are no guarantees that the wealth from inward investment will benefit the local
community.

3. the absence of strictly enforced international laws means that TNCs may operate in
LEDCs in a way that would not be allowed in an MEDC. They may pollute the
environment, run risks with safety or impose poor working conditions and low wages on
local workers.

4. globalization is viewed by many as a threat to world’s cultural diversity. It is feared it

might drown out local economies, traditions and languages and simply re-cast the whole
world in the mold of the capitalist North and West.

5. industry may begin to thrive in LEDCs at the expense of jobs in manufacturing in the
UK and other MEDCs, especially in textiles.

Anti-globalization campaigners sometimes try to draw people’s attention to these

points by demonstrating against the World Trade Organization. The World Trade
IFUGAO STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Criminal Justice Education Ethics

Oganization is an inter-government organization that promotes the free flow of trede

around the world.

Lesson 2.3: Ethical Issues on Globalization

Clearly the expansion of the global economy is an important part of globalization. And
some of the ethical issues identified are as follows:

1. Reduction of protectionism is unfair unless applied fairly. Protectionism is the economic

policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on
imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations.

2. Inequality of power, example with no or few trade unions leads to massive exploitation
by multinationals.

3. The gap between rich and poor in te world is still large.

4. Economic globalization marginalizes the poor, destroys the environment and damages
culture.

5. Globalization increases inequality and further impoverishes the poor.

6. Many of the global problems are by-products of the expansion of the global economy
such as pollution or resourse shortages; global warming; expansion of global tourism; the
spread of AIDS and other health hazards facilitated by global transport; internet fraud;
and terrorism.

7. Poverty. There are still too many people who die because they are too poor to live.

8. About 820 million people lack adequate nutrition, more than 850 million are illiterate
and almost alllack access to basic sanitation. Life expectancy in rich nations averages 77
years whereas in sub-Shara Africa, it is 48 years.

9. The World Trade Organization (WTO) does ignore labor rights and the environment.. it is
most certainly not democratic.

10. International trade and technological change create a significant decline in demand for
unskilled, semi-skilled and traditionaly skilled workers.

11. The “brain drain” effect of globalization is another ethical issue; it refers to the talented
or educated people in Third World countries who leave their countries of origin for better
opportunities in First World countries. This leaves Third World countries lacking
homegrown, educated professionals such as doctors and engineers.

12. Natural Resources.

Lesson 2.4: Solutions to Ethical Problems of Globalization

IFUGAO STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Criminal Justice Education Ethics

The following are some solutions to the problems of globalization:

1. Countries must accept shared responsibility for managing the risk that it has
engendered. Rich countries should assist poor countries for them to propel economic
growth and development;

2. Coordinated action is required to address the problems of poverty and malnutrition

worldwide. The nature of the response needs to be tailored to the problems.

3. In the case of pandemics, the key is to support countries where outbreaks occur and
help those most at risk of infection.

4. Widespread dangers, such as climate change or a new finacial crisis, can require the
cooperation of dozens of countries and a broad range of institutions. In nearly every case,
an international effort is needed.

5. In confronting dangers such as the Islamic State, ebola, financial crisis, climate change,
or rising inequality, long-term political expediency is required.

Lesson 3: Millenials and Fillenials

In recent years, the proverbial generation gap has become more visible in the
Philippines due to changing mores, styles, and spending habits. Marga Manlapig finds out
more about the differences among the Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, Generation X,
Millenials, Generation Z, and the young leaders known as Generation T “You just don’t
understand!” Over the years, these words have been the battlecry (or the broken hearted
wail) of young people against the structures and policies imposed by their elders. It is a
cry usually followed up with a bracing statement that invariably begins with “when I was
your age, we did things differently!”

Lesson 3.1: Millenials: Ethical Challenges and Responses

The term ‘Millenials’ generally refers to the generation of people born between the
early 1980s and 1990s, according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Some people also
include children born in the 2000s.

The Millenial Generation is also known as Generation Y, because it comes after

Generation X - those people between the early 1960s and the 1980s. the publication Ad
Age was one of the first to coin the term “Generation Y,” in an editorial in August 1993.
but the term didn’t age well, and “Millenials” has largely overtaken it. But the terms
basically mean the same thing (livescience.com.)

This age group has also been called the Peter Pan or Boomerang Generation because
of the propensity of some to move back in with their parents, perhaps due to economic
constraints, and a growing tendency to delay some of the typical adulthood rites of
passage like marriage or starting a career.

Lesson 3.2: The Positive and Negative Characteristics of Millenials

IFUGAO STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Criminal Justice Education Ethics

Millenials have been characterized in a number of different ways. On the negative

side, they’ve been described as lazy, narcissistic and prone to jump from job to job.

They have also been described in positive ways. They are generally regarded as
being more open-minded, and more suppotive in gay rights and equal rights for minorities.
Other positive ajectives to describe them include confident, self-expressive, liberal, upbeat
and receptive to new ideas and ways of living.

Lesson 3.3: The Filipino Millenials (Fillenials)

In the Philippines, millenials make up one-third of the total population. They’re the
one politicians talk to. The one marketers try to entice and persuade. The ones companies
want to hire. They are the force to be reconed with.

Millenials in the Phileppines are described as those who are social media-dependent
and also, the “selfie” generation. They are also known to usually spend for luxury goods
which leave their bank accounts shaken-the reason why they are also described as
“broke.” Millenials are also described as narcissist, making them known as the “Me, Me,
Me Generation. However, there are also good attitudes which millenials possess: being
politically and socially-engaged. Compared to other generations, millenials have their say
about issues and are more involved in politics.

Millenials are the most confident, open-minded, expressive and optimistic

generation ever born. Their desire for recognition gives way to so many of them extending
a helping hand during emergencies and dsasters.

They are growing up in a world that is creaking under the strain of our lifestyles,
and they are daily made aware of the fragile environment. So, it is no surprise that they
are emerging as ethical consumers who want to change the world (Codrington, 2008).

The common notion that millenials all over the world share the same youth culture
might be somewhat applicable in the case of the Philippines. However, like any other
nation, the Philippines has a unique history which influences and shapes the attitudes,
beliefs, preferences, and value system of the Filipino millenials.

Lesson 3.4: Loosening Values of Filipinos

Millenials are growing up differently from how the previous generations. For one
thing, the computer is the new nanny and it trains millenials to be self-centered and
selfish. Rentoy also called the millenials as the multi-tasking generation that suffers from
the inability to focus during lectures, classes, conversations studying and writing. The
level of information may be going up but their level of knowledge is going down.

Lesson 3.5: Reasons Why Millenials are Broke

1. Lack financial literacy

2. Financially vulnerable
3. Burdened with more financial responsibilities
IFUGAO STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Criminal Justice Education Ethics

4. Stagnant income

Lesson 3.6: How to overcome them

1. Be thrifty but not cheapskate

2. Side hustle
3. Bargain for a raise
4. Educate yourself or better yet, find a mentor

Assessment:

In your observation of our present economy, identify five ethical problems and
formulate solutions on how to solve the problems. You may refer to the internet to support
your answer.

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