I.

Infinitive / Participle / Gerund

Highlight the correct item in BOLD print:

1. They won’t let us … the Customs till our luggage has been examined.
1) to leave 2) leave 3) have left 4) to have left

2. She pretended … and … what had been mentioned.

1) be sleeping, not 2) to have slept, not 3) to be sleeping, 4) to sleep, not to
to hear to have heard not to hear hear

3. Reading paper books seems … by teenagers nowadays altogether.

1) to have forgotten 2) to forget 3) to have been 4) to forgetting
forgotten

4. The house turned out … for an hour when he came back.

1) to have been 2) to lock 3) to be locked 4) to be locking
locked

5. The driving courses were … in two-week’s time.

1) to be taking 2) to take 3) to have taken 4) to be taken

6. Children always want … by their parents.

1) to be cared for 2) to care for and 3) to be cared for 4) to have cared and
and paid attention to pay attention to and pay attention to to be paid attention
to

7. I belonged to neither groups, and … was to take sides.

1) speak 2) to speak 3) to have spoken 4) to be speaking

8. Just … my problem would have been a disaster for everyone.

1) mentioning 2) to be mentioned 3) to mention 4) to have
mentioned

9. Sandra met me the first day I arrived in Oxford, and our friendship seemed … a
long time.
1) to establish 2) to have been 3) to have establish 4) to be establishing
established

10. Suddenly I caught sight of her at the other side of the square. She appeared …
good-bye to someone.
1) to be saying 2) to have said 3) to say 4) to have been
saying

11. The mayor turned out … a great deal on the civil service.
1) to have aged 2) to be aging 3) having aged 4) to have been aged

12. She seemed … all the friendliness she had gained at the previous occasion.
1) to lose 2) to be losing 3) to have been lost 4) to have lost
 13. “My job is … everyone alike, and to be courteous, even when passengers are not”,
said the stewardess.
1) to treat 2) treating 3) to have treated 4) be treated

14. She reached her office that day …, to her surprise, her beloved husband waiting
for her.
1) to have found 2) finding 3) to be found 4) to find

15. I don’t suppose your boss wants … by me now.

1) to bother 2) to be bothered 3) to be bothering 4) to have bothered

16. Carla Brown didn’t like … with.

1) to differ 2) to be differed 3) have differed 4) to have been
differed

17. They preferred … by the name of Michael Smith.

1) to be known 2) to have known 3) to know 4) to be knowing

18. Bobby asked … to a room … and … his clothes.

1) to be showing, to 2) to show, to wash, 3) to be shown, to 4) to be shown, to
be washing, to be to change wash, to change wash, change
changed

19. We stopped in front of the ice-cream parlour and pretended … inside.

1) to be looking 2) to have looked 3) to be looked into 4) to be looking
through

20. A lot of us are prone … unpleasant experiences.

1) to be forgotten 2) to have forgotten 3) to forget 4) to be forgetting

21. I must admit that being a writer is not hard … .

1) to imitate 2) to have imitated 3) to be imitated 4) to be imitating

22. It made me feel good … that someone else felt the same way as I did.
1) to be realized 2) to have realized 3) to realize 4) to be realizing

23. The game was intended … time until about nine o’clock.
1) to kill 2) being killed 3) to have killed 4) to being killed

24. “You were seen … the bag.” “Yes, I took it but it wasn’t a theft.”
1) to have taken 2) to take 3) being taken 4) to be taken

25. Megan was rumoured … her husband.

1) to divorce 2) to have divorced 3) to be divorced 4) to have been
with divorced

26. They were alleged … their official status to solve the problem.
1) to have used 2) to use 3) to being used 4) to be using

27. “Have you seen anything of Samantha today?” “She is supposed … in her study.”
1) to work 2) to have been 3) to be working 4) having worked
working

28. The destruction of the house was supposed … by the fire.

1) to be caused 2) to have caused 3) to cause 4) to have been
caused

29. She was expected …, but she did not.

1) to reply 2) to have replied 3) to be replied 4) to have been
replied

30. No one seemed to know her whereabouts. She was thought … with her friends in
the countryside.
1) to be staying 2) to be stayed 3) to stay 4) to have been
staying

31. “Who made up the story?” “It is said … someone in the office.”
1) to be 2) to have been 3) to being 4) been

32. He wanted mother … about it, yet he also wanted … … him.

1) to know, to 2) to have known, to 3) to know, to avoid, 4) to be known, to
avoid, telling being avoid, telling to tell be avoid, telling

33. The actor was supposed … a life of Napoleon, and … over to Germany for the
purpose of … the documents … to the Emperor’s residence in this country.
1) to have written, 2) writing, to have 3) to be writing, to 4) to write, to
to have come, come, studying, have come, come, studying,
studying, relating related studying, relating relating

34. But it is enough … us … not … any personal affaires with you.

1) to make, prefer, 2) to be made, 3) to make, to 4) to make, prefer,
to have prefer, to have prefer, to have having

35. He kept … … me … an interest in his work.

1) trying, to 2) trying, to 3) to try, to 4) to be trying, to
introduce, to take introduce, take introduce, to take introduce, to take

36. It is true that … is … and … .

1) to understand, to 2) to understand, to 3) understanding, 4) to understand, to
pity, to forgive pity, to have pitying, forgiving pity, forgive
forgiven

37. … gradually his small misfortune, he preferred … on the generosity of others

rather than work.
1) to have been 2) to have … 3) having … 4) having … wasted,
wasted, to live, work wasted, to live, to wasted, to live, to live, to work
work work

38. The burglar went out through the back door so as not … the central door … .
1) to leave, to be 2) to leave, 3) to leave, to 4) leaving,
unfastened unfastened unfasten unfastening

39. He took the first opportunity … for his rudeness.

1) to apologize 2) apologizing 3) in apologizing 4) to have
apologized

40. I’m not too old … my viewpoints and … new ways.

1) to change, find 2) to have changed, 3) to change, to 4) to change, finding
to find find

41. He was sitting with his hands … round his knee, … at the water edge.
1) to clasped, to 2) to clasp, staring 3) clasping, staring 4) clasped, staring
stare

42. He walked down the street, not … where … or what … .

1) knowing, to 2) to know, to turn, 3) to knowing, to 4) to know, turning,
turn, to do to do turn, to do doing

43. It was a love affair that was supposed … so long that it had stopped being talked
about.
1) to be going on 2) to have been 3) to go on 4) to have been
going on going about

44. She was said … any decision yet.

1) to have taken 2) to take 3) to not have taken 4) not to have
taken

45. The couple happened … at Dolly’s that day and … any changes.
1) to have dined, 2) to dine, not to 3) to be dining, not 4) to be dining, to
not to have noticed notice to notice not notice

46. It’s a privilege … me … a gentleman like John Don.

1) to, to have been 2) for, to have met 3) for, to meet 4) to, to meet
met

47. Do you think there’s any chance … ?

1) of our being 2) to our being 3) of ours be 4) to ours being
believed believed believed believed

48. I heard the door … noisily and I was glad that they … .
1) shut, went 2) shut, had gone 3) to shut, had gone 4) shut, had been
gone
 49. His presence was unexpected because he was said … in the East.
1) to travel 2) to be travelling 3) be travelling 4) to have been
travelling

50. He was believed by some … connections with the London branch of the firm.
1) have 2) to have had 3) to be having 4) to have
II. Gerund vs Infinitive
Fill in the gaps with the required form of the verbs in brackets:

1. Fill the gaps with the verb in brackets in the appropriate form.
2. I can't stand waiting in queues. ( to wait )
3. I wouldn't like to be in his shoes. ( to be )
4. Jim loves working in Thailand. ( to work )
5. I hate doing the shopping on Saturday. ( to do )
6. Blast! I forgot to buy milk. ( to buy )
7. In the end we decided to stay in. ( to stay )
8. I need to find some information about Portugal. ( to find )
9. My parents like to go for long walks at the weekend. ( to go )
10. Tony gave up smoking years ago. ( to smoke )
11. I wanted to go and see Troy but no one else was interested. ( to go )
12. Mrs Leith offered to take us to the airport. ( to take )
13. Clare refused to help clean up after the party. ( to help )
14. I tried to persuade him to come but it was no use. ( to persuade )
15. Do you mind not smoking ? ( to smoke )
16. Everybody really enjoyed dancing the cha-cha-cha. ( to dance )
17. Lionel admitted eating my chocolate mousse. ( to eat )
18. We arranged to meet under the station clock at half nine. ( to meet )
19. I always try to avoid seeing him whenever I can. ( to see )
20. I long to be in Scotland again. ( to be )
21. My Mum demanded to see the manager. ( to see )
22. My brother denied eating my chocolate mousse. Maybe his hamster ate it. ( to eat )
23. I tried to understand but I just couldn't. ( to understand )
24. In the end I gave up trying to persuade her. ( to try )
25. Charlie was pretending to be a chicken. ( to be )
26. They chose to stay in a cheap hotel but spend more money on meals. ( to stay)
27. We like Galicia so much that we keep going back there. ( to go )
28. He deserves to be severely punished. ( to be )
29. I didn't mean to hurt her feelings. I'm really sorry. ( to hurt )
30. I always put off doing my homework until the last possible moment. ( to do )
31. He goes on telling me the same thing over and over again. ( to tell )
32. I can't stand waiting in the queue at the baker's. ( to wait )
33. The firemen managed to put out the fire pretty quickly. ( to put out )
34. I never risk going through that part of town. ( to go )
35. Clare offered to take me to the airport, which was very kind of her. ( to take )

III. Gerund vs Infinitive

Fill in the gaps using the required form of the verbs in brackets and explain the meaning of the key
verb:

e.g. They stop (smoke) pipes – They stopped smoking pipes, give up the idea of doing sth.
1. Remember to go to the bank. You've got to pay the bills. Remember+ infinitive= not
forget
2. I don't remember seeing this film before. Remember +gerund= recall
3. When he had written his first book he went on writing seven more. Go on+infinitive=
then
4. She went on talking even after her friend had fallen asleep. Go on+gerund=continue
5. I regret leaving school at the age of 16. Regret+ gerund= feel sorry about
6. I regret to tell you that you have failed the test. Regret+infinitive= be sorry to
7. He means to build a boat and travel round the world. Means+gerund= involve
8. Doing well on this course means studying very hard. Mean+infinitive= intend to
9. I've been trying to start this car for hours. Try+infinitive= attempt
10. Why don't you try putting some petrol in the tank? Try+gerund= do sth as an
experiment
11.1 don't want to drive a car; I'm afraid of having an accident. Afraid of+ gerund=might
happen by chance
12. She forgot to invite her best friend to the party. Forget+infinitive= not remember
13. I'll never forget seeing snow for the first time. Forget+gerund= not recall
14. On the way home he stopped to buy some chocolate. Stop+infinitive= stop briefly to
do st
15. The baby didn't stop crying all night. Stop+gerund= give up

IV. Gerund vs Participle vs Verbal Noun

State the type of ing-form below each sentence :

1. We sat by the riverside listening (PARTICIPLE) to the running (VERBAL NOUN)

of the water.
2. The cleaning (VERBAL NOUN) of the room was done by the girls.
3. Working (GERUND) in the garden is very good for the health of people.
4. Going (PARTICIPLE) home from the theatre, they were discussing the play they had
seen.
5. You should think before speaking. GERUND
6. After finding (GERUND) the new word in the dictionary, I wrote it down and went
on reading (GERUND).
7. He spent much time on the copying (VERBAL NOUN) of his literature lectures.
8. What do you mean by saying (GERUND) that?
9. The students found the reading (VERBAL NOUN) of English newspapers rather
difficult at first.
10. Chalk is used for writing (GERUND) on the blackboard.
 Theoretical Questions

Dwell upon:
 the types of infinitives
Indefinite Active: to write, to go
Continuous Active: to be writing, to be going
Perfect Active: to have written, to have gone
Perfect Continuous Active: to have been writing, to have been going
Indefinite Passive: to be written
Continuous Passive:
Perfect Passive: to have been written
Perfect Continuous Passive:
Transitive infinitives – take an object, used in passive.
Intransitive infinitives – do not take an object, never used in passive.
 the peculiarities of Infinitival Complex Object
The object infinitive complex consists of nouns in the general case or the personal
participle in the object case and the corresponding form of the infinitive. In the
sentence, this complex functions as a complex application. The object infinitive
complex is used after the following groups of verbs:
- to see, to hear, to feel, to notice, to watch, to observe etc. (without to)
- to want, to wish, to desire, to like, to dislike, to hate, to intend, to would like/prefer
etc. (+ to)
- to think, to expect, to believe, to hope, to suppose, to consider, to find, to know etc.
(+ to)
- to order, to command, to ask, to request, to beg, to force, to allow, to permit, to
advise (+ to), to make, to let, to have (without to) etc.
 the peculiarities of Absolute Participial Construction
The independent adjective complex consists of a noun in the general case or a
personal pronoun in the nominative case and the corresponding form of the adjective.
In the sentence, this complex serves as the adverbial modifier . It is most often
translated into Ukrainian with the words оскільки and коли.
 the functions of participles
1. It’s always used in function of an attribute adverbial modifier
2. Ing form after tenses
3. The girl dancing attribute
4. adverbial modifier
 the difference between Gerund and Verbal Noun
Gerund:
- Not used with the article.
- Has no plural form.
- The gerund of transitive verbs takes a direct object.
- Can be used with an adverb.
Verbal Noun:
- Can be used with the article.
- Can be used in the plural.
- Does not accept the direct object, but the preposition with the preposition of.
- Can be used with an adjective.