f\

II 2 II Listen and repeat. Then act out.

Present Forms -~
'
o
Well, the cow has
gone home, Miss
because there isn't
any more grass/

I'm drawing a picture of a

cow eating grass, Miss.

Present Simple Present

Continuous Continuous
---
permanent situations or temporary recently completed actions started in the
states situations actions I past and continuing up
She works as a nurse. They're staying at the She has tidied her room. to the present
She owns a large shop. Park Hotel at present. (She has finished tidying He's been writing a letter
her room. You can see it for two hours. (He started
is tidy now - evidence in two hours ago and he's
I the present.) still writing.)
repeated / habitual actions happeningl ctions which past actions of certain
actions (especially with at or around the happened at an duration having visible
frequency adverbs: moment of unstated time in the I
results or effects in
often, usually, etc.) speaking past and are connected the present
I usually get up at She is looking for a Iwith the present She's been crying. (Her
7:30 am. better job. He has lost his keys. (H~eyes are red.)
is still looking for them.)
permanent truths or
laws of nature
l repeated actions personal experiences /
with 'always' change that has
actions expressing
anger, irritation,
Money doesn't buy expressing happened over a annoyance,
happiness. annoyance or period of time explanation or
Water freezes at O°C. criticism I've lost weight. criticism ~
She 's always
interrupting me! I
Who has been using my
hairbrush? (annoyance) I
timetables / programmes
(future meaning)
fixed arrangements
in the near future
1She's
emphasis on number
written three
1 emphasis on duration
(usually with for, since
The match finishes at The Browns are letters since this morning. or how long)
7:45 pm. visiting us tonight. She has spoken to two They have been speaking
The plane leaves at (It's all arranged .) . clients since in his office for the last
6:05 am. 12 o'clock. hour.
reviews / sports
commentaries /
changing or
developing
r Note: live, feel and WO~k can' be used either
in the present perfect or the present perfect
dramatic narratives situations
continuous with no difference in meaning.
Angelina Jolie acts His English is getting
I've been living / I've lived in Rome for a year.
brilliantly in this film. better.

3
 o Present Forms

I
I
. Time expressions used with:
every day / week / month / year, usually, often, always, rarely, never,
Present Simple sometimes, in the morning / evening / afternoon, at night, on
Mondays, etc.
Present Continuous
--
now, at the moment, at present, nowadays, today, tonight, always, still, etc.
just, ever, never, already, yet (negations & questions) , always, how
Present Perfect long, so far, recently, since (= from a starting point in the past), for
(= over a period of time), today, this week / month , etc.
Present Perfect Continuous how long , for, since

Write the 3rd person singular of the verbs and put them into the correct column.
Then read them out.
§at ~ buy drop say write dry reach smash drive
wateR fly go kiss cry mix sneeze pay try
+s -55, -sh, -ch, -x, -0 + es vowel + y + s consonant +
gets, watches, plays, flies,

2 Add -ing to the following verbs and put them into the correct column. Then read
them out.
HsteR I::I6e bring tie hope die come put
fI::l9 run dive go cry travel

+ ing -Ie + 'i + ing -e + ing double consonant + ing

listening, lying, using, rubbing,

3 Write the past participle of the following verbs.

break ... ~r(Jke.11 .. . 3 swim 5 bring ............ . 7 write ............. .

2 meet . . . ......... . 4 finish 6 send ............. . 8 read ............. .

4 Match the sentences (1-10) to the correct description (a-j).

He drinks a litre of milk every day. a emphasis on duration
2 Milk contains a lot of vitamins. b temporary situation
3 He is getting stronger. c repeated action expressing annoyance
4 She has just passed her exams. d emphasis on number
5 She is having a party at the moment. e habitual action
6 He has been working all day. f recell'l tly completed action
7 She has phoned him three times this morning. g permanent truth
8 He is always borrowing money from me. h changing or developing situation
g Her feet are aching. She has been walking all morning. fixed arrangement in the near future
10 They are getting married next week. past action of certain duration having
visible results in the present

. . . . •t; .••.. 3 .......... . 5 ......... .. 7 .......... . : g ......... ..

I
2 .. .. .... .. . 4 .. ... ..... . 6 ......... .. 8 ......... .. : 10 .......... .

4
 Present Forms 0
5 Complete the advertisement with the verbs in brackets. Use the present simple or
the present continuous.

The Animal Adoption

Society 1) •.•• rp.e:cJf3••••
(need) your help! At the moment, we
2) ••••••••••••••.••••••••. (have) more
than 20 dogs and 35 cats that desperately
need a home. We 3) •••••••••••••••••••••••••
(look) for people who 4) ....................... ..
(love) animals and who 5) ........................ (take) good
care of pets. 6) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• (you/want) to
adopt one of our adorable animals? We 7) ........................ .
(have) an open day this weekend. Please come! Adoption
8) ............................ (be) completely free!

6 Fill in with the present simple or the present continuous.

Claire : Hi, Mum. It's me!

Mum: Claire! What a lovely surprise! 1) ... Ar.e ,)(QI) . c~JU/;1(3. ... (you/call) from work?
Claire: Yes. I 2) .....•••........... (be) on my lunch break at the moment.
Mum: Is everything all right? You 3) •......••.....••••......•..•.. (usually/not call) me from work.
Claire : Everything's fine! I just want you to know that Sarah and I 4) .........•.•....... (come) home this
weeken? I 5) ....•.•.•.•.....•.• (book) our train tickets online right now.
Mum: Wonderful!
Claire: Our train 6) ................... (leave) London at 5:15 pm and 7) ................... (arrive) in
Liverpool at 7:45 pm.
Mum : Great. See you soon then!

:~ Adverbs of Frequency
IV • Adverbs of frequency tell us how often something happens .
• Adverbs of frequency (always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom/rarely, never, etc.) come
before the main verb (read , work, etc.) but after the verb to be, auxiliary verbs (do, have,
etc.) or modal verbs (can, should, etc.). Hoy!ever, adverbs of frequency go before auxiliary
verbs in short answers.
Tina often goes skiing at the weekend. "Do you help your mum with the housework?"
Ben is sometimes rude to other people. "Yes, I usually do."
You can always call me if you need help.
• The adverbs never, seldom and rarely have a negative meaning and are never used with
the word not. I rarely go to bed late. (NOT: J rarefy €leR 't ~e .. .)
-
5
 o Present Forms

7 Read about Layla's daily routine and make sentences as in the example. Use
adverbs of frequency (always, often, sometimes, rarely, never).

LalJla:s DIQJlll Raltti'RfJ

• go to school by bike Monday to Thursday, walk to
school on Friday
• wear casual clothes at school
• do homework every afternoon
• go swimming after school Monday to Thursday
• walk the <;log after dinner Monday to Wednesday

Layla .... rtl.r.~ /~. WA lks. .... to school.

2 She ...•....•....•.......•...• ·.······ a uniform at school.
3 She ....................... her homework in the afternoon.
4 She .....•..•..•....•......••.• ·•·· swimming aftet school.
5 She •.•.....•..••..........•.•...........••.• after dinner.

8 Form questions then answer them.

you / always / go to the cinema on Saturdays?

.. D.a ,)(alj . ~lw~~ .gO.to.tbe. cjt1~roiii an .S~t.ur.d~y~?.'(ti~~ J.do.I. ~ . l dar,l :t... ................. '"
2 your family / often / eat out?

3 you / usually / have dinner at 8:00 pm?

4 you / often / hang out with your friends?

5 your dad / usually / wash the dishes?

Stative Verbs
18 Verbs describing a permanent state (stative verbs) do not normally have continuous forms.
These are:
• verbs of the senses: see, hear, smell, feel, taste, etc. (We often use can or could with these
verbs.) Can you see that tall boy over there?
However, the verbs look, watch and listen express deliberate actions and can be used in
continuous forms. Be quiet please! I'm listening to the news. BUT I can't hear you. Can you speak
louder, please? 1

Note: The verbs feel and hurt can be used in either continuous or simple forms.
A: How are you feeling today? / How do you feel today?
B: My leg is hurting. / My leg hurts.
• verbs of opinion: agree, believe, consider, etc. I believe he's telling the truth.
• verbs of emotion: feel, forgive, hate, like, love, etc. Harry likes rock music.
• other verbs: appear (= seem), be, belong, fit (= be the right shape and size for sth),
have (= possess), know, look (= appear), need, prefer, require, want, weigh, wish, etc.
He knows where Peter is. (NOT: is KR9WiRfij )

6
 Present Forms 0
Some stative verbs (see, smell, taste, feel , think, have, etc.) have continuous forms but there
is a difference in meaning. '
--------~--------------
State Action
I think she's rich. (= I believe)
The milk tastes awful. (= has a flavour)
Ii---

I'm thinking about your offer. (= I'm considering)

He's tasting the sauce; it might need some salt.
(= he's trying its flavour)
He has a pet dog. (= he owns) I He's having problems at work at the moment. (= experiencing)
This cloth feels like velvet. (= has the texture) She's feeling her way in the dark. (= she's finding her way)
I see you're in trouble. (= I understand)
The kitchen smells of burnt meat.
(= has the scent on
I'm seeing my lawyer tonight. (= I'm visiting)
Why are you smelling the food? (= inhaling the odour on II
He comes from Spain. (= he was born in) He's coming from Spain. (= he's travelling from) II
I love holidays. (in general)
Your hair looks great. (= it appears)
I'm loving this holiday. (= I'm enjoying; specific)
She's looking at some old photographs. (= she's examining)
II
The baby weighs 5 kilos. (= it is) I'm weighing myself on my new scales.
(= I'm finding out my weight)
Ann is very tall. (= has the quality) Ann is being very kind to me these days. (= she's behaving) I

9 Underline the correct item.

I see / am seeing that the situation is out of 8 These silk sheets feel/are feeling lovely and
control. smooth.
2 The sausages are tasting / taste delicious. 9 Why do you smell / are you smelling the milk?
3 Do you enjoy / Are you enjoying the party? Do you think it has gone off?
4 You haven't said a word all morning. What are 10 Anna is Italian. She is coming / comes from Italy.
you thinking / do you think about? 11 That dress looks / is looking nice on you.
5 He has / is having a Siamese cat. 12 If you don't look / aren't looking at that comic
6 These flowers are smelling / smell nice. book, I'd like to see it.
7 I don't know / am not knowing where she 13 The doctor weighs / is weighing the baby.
keeps the keys. 14 Mary is / is being very naughty these days.

10 Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous.

A: I ...... .'m.t.bil1~ing ...... (think) about going to see Green Day in concert next month.
B: Great! I ................................. (think) they're the best. I'll come with you.
2 A: Why ................................. (you/weigh) yourself?
B: I want to see if I ................................. (weigh) enough for my height.
3 A: Your baby brother ................................. (be) adorable!
B: Yes, but today he ............................. (be) really naughty. He keeps drawing on the wall.
4 A: I see you ................................. (have) a new mobile phone.
B: Yes, but I ................................. (have) problems with it at the moment.
5 A: Why ..........•...................... (you/taste) the soup? It's not ready yet.
B: To see if it ................................. (taste) sweet enough for the children .
6 A: Do you know where Mike .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... (come) from?
B: He's from Glasgow. Actually, he's there at the moment but he ............................. (come)
back tomorrow.
7 A: I ................................. (see) Charlotte has toothache.
B: Yes. She's in a lot of pain. She .......................... (see) her dentist this afternoon, though.

7
 o Present Forms

f\
~I 3 II Listen a!"d repeat. Then act out.

Have gone to / Have been to / Hav.e been in

Yee;, I know. Ie; your

tooth better now?

He'e; gone to the dentie;t.

He hae;n't come back yet.

He has gone to Brussels. (= He's there or on his way to Brussels.)

He has been to Brussels once. (= He's visited Brussels but he's back now.)
He has been in Brussels for two months. (= He's in Brussels now.)

Fill in: has / have gone to, has / have been in / to.

Editor: Where's Stevens? I haven't seen him for days.

Secretary: He 1) •...• •b~£i 8Qr,/(:. to.. .... LA to interview Brad Pitt.
Editor: How long 2) .....•••••....•..•..••.• he ........................ LA?
Secretary: Three days.
Editor: What about Milton and Knowles?
Secretary: They 3) ..............•.....•... London. They're going to interview Keira Knightley.
Editor: 4) ••••..•••••.••.••••••..• anyone ............•.•..•...... Spain to talk to Penelope Cruz?
Secretary: Smith 5) •.........•........•...• her country house. He interviewed her there yesterday. He's
coming back today.

12 Complete with the present perfect or the present perfect continuous.

A: Hi, Anna. Are you coming to play tennis now? 4 A: Why are your clothes so dirty?
B: Sorry, l htJ.v.e.rj't.fit1j~b~d Jt1y. bQro~w.o.r:k Y~.t. B: ........................................ .
(not finish / homework / yet) (play rugby / for two hours)
2 A: Where's Ben? 5 A: Lucy looks very tired .
B: ........................................ . B: Yes, ................................... .
(go / to the dentist's) (work hard / since 9:30 this morning)
3 A: Where are you going on holiday this year? 6 A: Are your parents at home?
B: France . ................................ . B: No, .................................... .
(be there / twice). I really love it! (go to the cinema / with friends)

13 Fill in: yet, since, for, tonight, often or how long.

Adam is flying to Rome •...•• .1{Qt;1iqbt. ..... . 4 ................ have you been working here?
2 She hasn't met Cathy ...................... . 5 She .................... cooks exotic dishes.
3 I haven't seen him ................ last week. 6 Pablo has been in Lisbon ......... four years.

8
 Present Forms 0
14 Complete the letter below using the present perfect or the present perfect
continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
r
Dear Joanna,
I'm sorry to hear that you 1) .. h~v~n:t . t(~~f1. .. (not/be) well recently . I hope you 're feeling better now.
i
As you know, I 2) ................................... (not/exercise) for the last few months and of
course, I 3) ................... (put on) some weight. Anyway, I 4) .................. (decide) that I
really want to lose weight and get fit at the same time, so I 5) .•....•..•.....••.• (join) the new gym in
Greenstone Park. It's got excellent facilities! I 6) ......•......•..•....• (be) there several times and I
really enjoy it. I 7) ••••••......•..•.. (make) some new friends there, too! What else? Well , Rebecca and
I 8) .......•.•...•..•••........... (study) really hard for the last two weeks because we have a Maths
exam tomorrow.
That's all for now. 9) ••...••.••.••.••..••. (you/think) about where you want to go on holiday this
summer? Maybe we can go together!
Best wishes,
Paula

15 Use the adjectives and the verbs to ask and

work
answer questions as in the example: wait
dig
A: I'm exhausted. dirty
sit
hot study
B: Have you been working hard?
A: Yes, I have.

16 Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space.

Robinson Crusoe has been stuck on a desert island for the past six months.
Here is a letter he wrote and put in a bottle:

Dear Anybody , . ths now It is a miracle that 13) ...... for this
. . 1 d 2) S1X mon .
I 1) .• P. .. been on th1s 1S an . ..•.. 1 I haven't seen any dangerous
. ' I ot here Fortunate y, £
fish and frUit smce g .h was fime b ut 1't 6) ...... continuolilsly or
1ong. I 4) . . . .. .
. When I arrived here the weat er . ' . My main
ammals 5) ...... . f . k d leaves whlCh 1S really qUite cosy.
'1 h lt out 0 stlC san , 'ld'
th e past two weeks . I've bUi t a seer £ long I've been thinking ofbUi mg
, 7) to anyone or so .
problem is loneliness as I haven t ..... .
a boat and trying to escape. Please help me.
R. Crusoe A am B is ' C was @ have
2 A since B for C just D already
3 A survive B 'm surviving C 've survived D '~e been surviving
4 A 've been eating B 'm eating C eat D 've eaten
5 A often B usually C yet D always
6 A 's raining B 's rained C rains D 's been raining
7 A speak B spoken C speaks D spoke

9
 o Present Forms

- .. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present forms.

Dear Janet,
How are you? I 1) ... :rn.~r.i"ti r,g ... (write) to you 'from Hawaii. The hotel we 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (stay)
in is amazing!
It's very hot here and we 3) ................... (have) a great time, Today, we 4) ........ , , , , , , , , . , " (be)
all at the beach, Right now, my sisters, Carla and Daniela, 5) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (build) a sandcastle,
Mum and Dad 6) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , . , , , , (play) beach volley for over an hour and Giovanni, my brother,
7) "" ,,, " " " " " " " " "" fjust/go) diving with his friends, They 8) """""""""""" (go) diving
every day, So far, I 9) '" " " , , , , '" " , " " , , " " (try) windsurfing, It's really thrilling!
We 10) , , , , , . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " (not/do) much sightseeing yet but tomorrow we 11) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " (go)
on a trip round the island, We're all looking forward to it.
See you soon,
Luisa

Speaking Activity
(describing a picture)
Look at the picture and, in pairs, discuss it.

• Where are the people in • What / weather / be like?

the picture? • How / they / feel?
They are at the beach • you / ever / be ", ?
• What / they / wear? • Where / you like / go on
• What / they / do? holiday?

Imagine you are on holiday. Write an email to your English pen friend.
In your email write:
• where you are • who you are with • where you are staying
• what the weather is like • what you have / haven't done

Use Ex. 17 as a model.

How are you? I ..... from ..... , We're staying at ..... ,

The weather here is ..... . Right now, ..... . Mum and Dad ..... . I ..... . It's so exciting!
We ..... yet but we ..... . Tomorrow, we ..... . We're looking forward to it.

10
 hi U

Phrasal Verbs 1 Fill in the correct particle.

break down:
Our school usually breaks ...... up . ...... for
• stop working (of cars, engines,
machines, etc.) the summer in July.
• lose control of feelings (of people) 2 My car broke ............... on the motorway
and I had to walk to a garage.
break into (+ object):
3 When they saw the clown , the children broke
• enter by force
• start doing sth suddenly (laughter, etc.) ••••..........•. laughter.
4 The man managed to break ............... , of
break out:
prison early this morning.
• begin suddenly (war, fire, etc.)
• escape from a place 5 The fire broke ................ in the kitchen
and quickly spread to the rest of the building.
break up: stop for holidays (of schools, etc.)
6 After hearing the bad news, the girls broke
................ and cried .

2 Look at Appendix 1 on page 206 and fill in the correct preposition.

She blamed him .•.... for . ..... the accident. 6 She is brilliant ........••.•••. gymnastics.
2 Theyarrived ............. London at 7:30 pm. 7 He isn't aware ................. the problem .
3 I must apologise ...................... Mary a I am afraid . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. snakes and spiders .
............... the delay. 9 I am very annoyed ..................... John
4 Sally was ashamed ................. Mark's ........••..... being so careless.
behaviour at the party. 10 They were astonished ............... the way
5 He doesn't believe ............... ghosts. Fred spoke to the manager.

Word Formation Nouns referring to people

• verb + er / or / at teach - teacher, • verb + ant / ent contest - contestant, study - student
act - a.ctor, lie - liar, employ - employer • noun + an / ian republic - republican, library -librarian
• noun / verb / adjective + ist art - artist, • verb + ee (passive meaning) employ - employee
tour - tourist, national - nationalist

3 Complete each of the sentences with a word formed from the word in bold!

The shop has a new ... frop. IOi/t;,.t< .•. (employ) on the second floor.
2 Did you know that George has started work as a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (library) at the university?
3 The professor doesn't want more than six ....................•.•• (study) in each study group.
4 I'm going to be a ........................ (contest) in a TV quiz show next week!
5 I think that Leonardo DiCaprio is a fantastic ............... . ......... (act).
6 She wants to be a professional ...........••.......•••• (art) when she finishes university.
7 Abraham Lincoln was the first ...•...•.............•.. (republic) president of the USA.
a Our ....................•... (teach), Mrs Wilson, has been ill for two weeks.
9 I've just found a camera. I think it belongs to the ........................ (tour) over there.
10 The ... ........ . ..•......... (burgle) got into the house through the kitchen window.

11
 En II h In U •

In Other.Words ...
I've never eaten pizza before. I've never read such a good book.
It's the first time I've ever eaten pizza. It's the best book I've ever read.

4 Rephrase the following sentences using the words in bold.

She has never been on TV before.

,
first . . 111'~. the. fir.~t. ti.m~ p.h~ . h~p. ~mr. bft.~/') .QtJ. TY. ..................................... .
2 She has never heard such a funny story.
funniest .......................... ; ......................................................... .
3 It's the first time she has ever read Tolstoy.
never .................................................................................... .
4 It's the worst headache she's ever had.
bad .................................................................................... .
5 He's never played cricket before.
ever

5 Here are some sentences about Lisa's neighbour, Stella. For each question,
complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no
more than three words.

Stella is the kindest person I know. 4 Stella hasn't finished sending the invitations yet.
I .... h~VCi. IJ~Y~r. t1JCit.... such a kind person Stella is .........•............ the invitations.
as Stella. 5 Stella has an appointment with the DJ at 10 am.
2 Stella owns two pet dogs. Stella is .................... the DJ at 10 am.
Stella ......................... two pet dogs. 6 Stella is wearing a nice perfume today.
3 There's a party at Stella's house next Friday. Stella's perfume ....................... nice.
Stella ......................... a party at her
house next Friday.

Idioms
6 Fill in the correct idiom.

be on good terms (with sb): be friendly "What do you .... .do.for,a .lil(ing .... ?" "I work
(with sb) as a nurse."
2 After the divorce, they didn't talk for months but
be in a good mood: feel happy
now they .••..•...........•...•..•..........
be broke: have no money at all with each other.
3 I'm going to the bank to ask for a loan because
do one's best: try as hard as possible
I .......................................... .
do sb a favour: do sth to help sb 4 Although he ..•.....•.......................
----
do (sth) for a living: have a job and earn ...................... " he didn't win the race.
money 5 Could you ...............•................. ?
If you 're going out, could you buy some milk?
6 Now's a good time to ask for a pay rise because
the boss ......••.•......................... .

12