SAFETY CODE FOR IRON & STEEL SECTOR

MINISTRY OF STEEL, DEMOLITION OF Doc. No: SC/12

GOVT. OF INDIA BUILDING & Rev no. : 00
STRUCTURE Effective Date : --

1.0 Objective:
To provide a safe Procedure for demolition of building and structures.
Associated Hazards are Collapse of structure, falling material, flying material,
impact/hit by material, collapse of equipment/machinery, noise, entrapment, fall
from height, electrocution, Fire, explosion etc.

2.0 Scope:
This standard is applicable to all large, medium and small-scale steel
manufacturing units.

3.0 Procedure:

3.1 PREPLANNING & PRECAUTIONS BEFORE STARTING DEMOLITION WORK:

i) Prior to permitting employees to start demolition operations, an engineering

survey of the structures / buildings/ equipment shall be made, by a competent
person, to determine structural integrity and the possibility of unplanned collapse
of any portion of the structure/building/equipment. Any adjacent structure where
employees may be exposed shall also be similarly checked. The employer shall
have in writing, evidence that such a survey has been performed.

ii) Ensure that proper document/letter is available for demolition of a building/

structure/equipment etc. Schematic sketches for the key plan and elevations
showing the different buildings/ structures/ equipment etc to be demolished, are
to be prepared. Necessary documents are to be prepared and furnished to Co-
ordinator (Legal) of organization.

iii) Adequacy & stability of parts to be demolished / retained, are to be ensured. A

definite plan of procedure for the demolition work shall be prepared by contractor
/ Consultants and finalized in consultation with the executing department /
supervising department /supervising agency. A copy of the survey report and of
the plans and/ or methods of operations shall be maintained at the job site for the
duration of the demolition operation. Detailed plan must take care of following:

Adjacent or adjoining building:

i) No part of the demolition process should adversely affect the structural integrity
of any other building. Consideration may be given to the use of shoring and

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underpinning and to the effects of changes in soil conditions because of the

demolition work.

ii) Adequate lateral support for adjoining structures should be provided. Before the
existing lateral support is disturbed, provision should be made for the erection of
temporary supports, which will need to be checked for effectiveness as the
demolition proceeds.

iii) It is also important that other buildings in and around the demolition site are not
adversely affected by vibration or concussion during the demolition process.

iv) No part of the demolition process should cause flooding or water penetration to
any adjoining building.

Essential Services
i) One of the most important elements of pre-demolition planning is the location
and disconnection of all essential services.

ii) Essential services include the supply of gas, water, sewerage,

telecommunications, electricity, chemicals, fuel and refrigerant in pipes or lines.
The contractor must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that essential
services at the workplace are without risks to health and safety. All electric, gas,
water, sewer, steam and other service lines not required in the demolition
process should be shut off, capped, or otherwise controlled, at or outside the
building line, before demolition work is started.

iii) In each case, any utility agency involved should be notified in advance and its
approval or services, if necessary, obtained. Any service retained for the
demolition work should be adequately protected as required by the relevant
authority.

Basic technical and other requirements:

i) The stability and structural integrity of the structure at all stages of demolition.
ii) Wind effect for partially demolished structures / on temporary scaffolding system.
iii) The effect of the proposed demolition sequence on stability.
iv) The stability requirements for all components of the structure as it is sequentially
demolished according to the structural engineer’s requirements
v) The proximity of adjacent or adjoining buildings.
vi) The competent person’s assessment of loadings at all stages of demolition.
vii) The provision of clear instructions for temporary bracing / stays / guys / propping
etc.

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viii) The equipment to be used for the work, including the size, type, position and
coverage of proposed demolition crane(s) should be indicated on a site plan,
locations such as unloading points and storage areas (if any) should be shown.
ix) The need to ensure that the ground is compacted to any design specifications to
enable plant to be moved and used safely at the workplace.
x) The proposed methods for handling heavy, bulky or awkward components.
xi) The need for specific lifting arrangements to be detailed to facilitate safe lifting.
xii) The handling, lifting, storing, stacking and transportation of components,
depending on their size, shape and weight
xiii) The provision of safe access and safe working areas.

3.2 Methods of Demolition:

Various methods or system for demolition may be adopted based on site
requirements and availability. These methods or systems are as specified below:

i) Use of Scaffolding
ii) Use of Portable scaffoldings.
iii) Use of construction staircases & platforms during demolition as specified in safety
standard for working at height.
iv) Use of existing staircases & plat-forms of existing buildings after inspection &
ascertaining their suitability and their strengthening or replacement as required.
v) Use of appropriate & adequate man lifters (Genie or other equivalent man lifters)
vi) Use of appropriate & adequate Mobile Elevating Work Platform (MEWP)like
scissors type MEWP etc.
vii) Use of appropriate and adequate Electrical Winches with dog lock or safe break
system.
viii) Use of hanging scaffolds / cradles / cages.
ix) Use of rope access system with specialized workforce.
x) Use of appropriate & adequate Rope ladders with fall arrestor.
xi) Use of mechanized climber system supplied by authentic manufactures & its
Installation & operation as per OEM (Operational equipment manual).
xii) Other methods based on study, preparation of schemes for the adopted method
& their approval from competent Engineer of the executing department.

3.2.1 Written Job Plan:

The written Job Safety Plan / job safety statement should be prepared before
demolition.

It must include the process to be used and persons who should be involved in
developing the new plan.

DEMOLITION SAFETY PLAN (Job Method Statement):

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i) Equipment – All Tools and Tackles should have valid Test Certificate as per
statuary norm for all the equipment engaged for demolition job.
ii) Personal Protective equipment (PPE’S) to be used.
iii) Risk to health and adequate control measures to be taken in case of use of
Hazardous substances e.g. Hydraulic Oil, Diesel, Gases (oxygen/LPG etc.).
iv) Clear Responsibility to be given: Executing Authority to be designated.
v) Technical content of the job should be taken care.
vi) Follow the approved dismantling sequence.
vii) Disposal of demolished debris and scrap as per instruction of the Executing
Authority.
viii)Safety risk assessment of the work to be done.

(The person in charge of the Executing Authority is responsible for ensuring

that all controls are in place well in time)

Risk Assessment:
Hazards Risk to People Control Measures
Employ good housekeeping, remove
Company Employee materials from the workplace progressively.
Slips, Trips Contractor’s
At the end of the shift remove all tools etc.
&Falls employee,
Site Visitors and inspect all areas to ensure they are left
in a safe condition.
Company Employee Ensure a safe system of work is in place
Cuts, grazes Contractor’s and is explained to all operatives and carry
&Abrasions employee, out toolbox talks on any hazardous areas
Site Visitors etc.
Company Employee Flagmen and workers of the executing
Falling Contractor’s contractor are to be positioned a safe
material employee, distance away during demolition
Site Visitors
All known live services are to be identified
Company Employee and protected during the demolition. Access
Services Contractor’s to be maintained to the gas valve at the
employee, Site
Visitors front of the main building in the event of an
emergency.
Should manual handling be required
Company Employee minimum of two persons needed for heavier
Manual Contractor’s items, adopt correct handling techniques.
Handling employee, Site Only lift what can easily be managed.
Visitors Access each item prior to lift and clear
transit route to ensure safe passage.
Company Employee As soon as is Reasonably practicable,
Fire
Contractor’s remove waste from site to prevent a build-
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employee, Site up of combustible material.

Visitors
Company Employee
Foot
Contractor’s Safety boots as specified in safety standard
penetration
employee, Site of PPEs, are to be used.
Injuries
Visitors
Obstruction of
assigned Company Employee
The site supervisor should coordinate on
Emergency Contractor’s
site vehicle/ plant including ensuring that
access/ employee, Site
egress routes the access to site is unblocked.
Visitors
movement
Company Employee
Contractor’s Loose clothing must not be
Clothing
employee, Site worn
Visitors
Traffic movements in and out of the
Company Employee
barricaded area to be coordinated by the
Traffic Contractor’s
safety supervisor. Flagmen to be in place
Movements employee, Site
during traffic movements to ensure that
Visitors
traffic is not affected.
There shall be no known hazardous
Company Employee materials within the site boundary, however
Hazardous Contractor’s should any material / substance be on site,
Materials employee, Site
Visitors the Site Supervisors must immediately be
informed.
i) Standard safety goggles to be worn.
Flying Company Employee ii) Dust will be minimized as far as possible
particles Contractor’s by wetting down during the demolition.
employee, Site
Dust Noise Visitors iii) Workers working with the noisy
equipment must wear ear plug.
i), workers are to be briefed about the
sequence of demolition prior to
commencement, by the job and site
Company Employee supervisors.
Uncontrolled Contractor’s ii) The machine operator shall be fully
Collapse employee, Site
Visitors conversant with the sequence of removal of
any support members.
iii) No structure/s to be left partially
collapsed or in an unsafe condition.
Company Employee i). The plant operator is to be briefed on the
Unsafe Contractor’s method of demolition by the supervisor prior
structure employee, Site to commencement.
Visitors ii) Progressive demolition by controlled
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methods. No structure is to be left in an

unsafe condition overnight.
i) All unloading activities should be carried
Company Employee out in a safe area within the barricaded
Loading Contractor’s demolition site or adjacent to the demolition
/Unloading employee, Site
Visitors site at a safe place as per space availability,
in the presence of a flag man.

ix) Any device or equipment such as scaffolds, ladders, derricks, hoists, etc., used
about demolition work shall be constructed, installed, inspected, maintained and
operated in accordance with the regulations governing the construction,
installation, inspection, maintenance and operation of such device or equipment.
The cage, hoists, tackles shall not be overloaded. Safety appliances (Helmet,
Shoes, Goggles, Gloves, Safety Belts and others as may be required) shall be
used.

x) Demolition of all buildings and structures shall be conducted under competent

supervision, and safe working conditions shall be afforded to the employees.
Before the commencement of each stage of demolition, the supervisor shall brief
the workmen in detail regarding the safety aspects to be kept in view.

xi) When employees are required to work within a structure to be demolished which
has been damaged by fire, flood, explosion, or other cause, the walls or floor shall
be shored or braced.

xii) Ensure POSITIVE ISOLATION of the building / structure from electrical or any
other energy source. All electric, gas, water, steam, sewer, and other service lines
shall be shut off,

Capped, or otherwise controlled, outside the building line before demolition work is
started. In each case, any utility service which is involved shall be notified in
advance.

xiii) All the mains and meters of the building shall be removed or protected from
danger. If it is necessary to maintain any power, water or other utilities during
demolition, such lines shall be temporarily relocated, as necessary, and protected.

xiv) All the roads and open areas adjacent to the work site shall be protected and
Caution Boards/Danger Sign in local language, Hindi and English shall be
displayed at prominent places. Unauthorized entry to the building under demolition
shall be efficiently controlled.

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xv) Provisions shall be made for at least two independent exits for escape of workmen
during any emergency.

xvi) During nights, red lights or luminescent danger sign shall be placed on or around
all the barricades.

xvii) Following work permits shall be obtained before commencement of job from the
working department.
a) Power cutting clearance.
b) Work permit for Gas cutting and welding and working at height as may be
applicable.
c) Work permit for working in gaseous areas. (If applicable).
d) Any other clearance as found appropriate by executing department in
consultation with the concerned department of Organisation.

xiii)Walkways and passageways shall be provided for the use of the workmen and
they will be strictly instructed to use these only. All such walkways and
passageways shall be kept adequately lighted, free from debris and other
materials.

xiv)Shoring of other buildings/adjacent structures shall be provided when the

demolition operation exposes or breaches an adjoining wall of the adjacent
structure.

xv) Before demolition buildings with over hangs, chajjas, etc. they should be properly
supported and demolished first before demolishing superstructure of the building.

xvi)While breaking roof slabs, workmen shall not be allowed to sit on the same floor,
but on a separate platform, supported independently. In case they have to work
from the same floor, independent life line to fasten their lanyard shall be provided.
Lifeline should not be connected with the portion to be dismantled.

xvii) It shall be determined whether asbestos, hazardous materials, hazardous

chemicals, gases, explosives, flammable materials, or similarly dangerous
substances are present at the work site. When the presence of any such
substance is apparent or suspected, testing and removal or purging shall be
performed and the hazard should be eliminated before demolition is started.

xviii) Protruding nails in boards, planks and timber shall be withdrawn, driven in or bent
over as soon as the same is removed from the structure being demolished.

xix) Any material to be removed which will cause safety hazards.

3.3 TYPE OF GENERAL DEMOLOLITION

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3.3.1 MANUAL DEMOLITION

Manual demolition includes any technique where hand tools such as jackhammers,
sledgehammers and picks are used. Manual demolition has many of the hazards that
are present in other major demolition activities including unexpected collapse, falls,
falling objects, manual handling and exposure to noise, dust and hazardous
chemicals.

To manage the risk of unplanned collapses, the condition of roofs, walls and floors of
the building should be assessed by a competent person before commencing
demolition work. Where concrete members are being demolished manually, the
reinforcement shall not be cut while breaking of the concrete is in progress. Where
pre-and post-tension demolition work is undertaken competent person, advice should
besought as to demolition sequence. Areas where debris will fall should be
barricaded off and signs erected to prevent persons from entering before demolition
starts.

3.3.2 MECHANICAL DEMOLITION

Mechanical demolition involves the use of powered mobile plant, such as excavators,
cranes, loaders and bulldozers. There may be a mix of hand and mechanical
demolition methods applied.

All powered mobile plant used for demolition work must be fitted with a suitable
combination of operator protective devices. Operator protective structures should be
designed to the appropriate standard that eliminates or minimizes the risk, so far as
is reasonably practicable, of operator injury due to:
i) roll over and consequent cabin impact damage
ii) objects falling on or over the cabin
iii) objects penetrating the cabin
iv) Hazardous noise.

3.4 SEQUENCE OF DEMOLITION OPERATIONS:

3.4.1 Basics of sequence of demolition:
Demolition is “Reverse construction”. This concept will help to form a general
guideline about sequence of demolition.

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ROOF TOP

De
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De
GROUND FLOOR m
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FOUNDATION / SUBSTRUCTURE

Demolition sequence shall be determined according to actual site conditions,

restraints, the building layout, the structural layout and its construction. In general,
the following sequence shall apply:

i) All cantilevered structures, canopies, verandas and features attached to the

external walls shall first be demolished prior to demolition of main building and
its internal structures on each floor.
a) be appropriately propped to provide support and prevent unintentional
collapse during demolition, or
b) Have a supporting scaffolding gantry installed to prevent unintentional
collapse during demolition.
ii) When demolishing the roof structure, all lift machine rooms and water tanks at
high level shall be demolished in “top down” sequence to the main roof level.
iii) If site conditions permit, the first-floor slab directly above the ground floor may
be demolished by machine sitting on ground level and mounted with demolition
accessories.

3.4.2. Before demolition work is started, glazed sash, glazed doors and windows, all
fragile and loose fixtures shall be removed. All loose plaster shall be stripped off
throughout the entire building.

3.4.3. All exterior wall openings, which extend down to floor level shall be barricaded
to height of not less than one meter above the floor level. This provision shall not
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apply to a storey after structural demolition has been started for the ground level
floor.

3.4.4. All floor openings and shafts not used for material chutes shall be closed and
be enclosed with guard rails and toe boards.

3.4.5. The demolition shall always proceed systematically storey by storey in

descending order and the work on the upper floors shall be completely over before
any of the supporting members or other important portion on the lower floor is
disturbed (These requirements shall not prohibit the demolition of structure in
sections., if means are taken to prevent injuries to persons or damage to
property).Stability of the remaining part of structure must be checked, before
dismantling of any part is taken up.

3.5 REMOVAL OF MATERIALS/DEBRIS

i) Debris shall not be allowed to be thrown from height. Remove all debris promptly,
using chutes or by using bags.
ii) Metal chutes may be provided for removal of materials. The chutes shall
preferably be provided as per site requirement for efficient disposal of debris.
iii) Chutes, if provided at an angle of more than 45 degree from the horizontal shall
be entirely enclosed on all the four sides, except for opening at or above the floor
level for receiving the materials.
iv) Opening for the chutes shall not exceed 1.2 m in height measured along the wall
of the chute and in all stories below the top floor such opening shall be kept
closed when not in use.
v) To prevent the descending material attaining a dangerous speed, chute shall not
be extended in an unbroken line for more than two stories. A gate or stop shall be
provided with suitable means for closing the bottom of each chute to stop the flow
of materials.
vi) Chutes at an angle of less than 45 degree with the horizontal may be left open on
the upper side provided that at the point where such a chute discharges into a
chute steeper than 45 degrees to the horizontal. The top of the steeper chute
shall be boarded over to prevent the escape of materials.
vii) Any opening into which workmen dump debris at the top of a chute shall be
guarded by substantial guard rail extending at least one meter above the level of
the floor or other surface on which men stand to dump the material into the chute.
viii)A wooden toe board or bumper not less than 50 mm thick and 150 mm high shall
be provided at each chute opening, if the material is dumped from the wheel
barrows. Any space between the chute and the edge of the opening in the floor
through which it passes shall be solidly planked over.

3.6 STAIRS, PASSAGEWAYS AND LADDERS:

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i) Stairs and stair railings, passageways and ladders shall be left in place as long as
possible.
ii) All stairs, passageways and ladders to be used by workmen during the process of
demolition
iii) Shall be maintained in a safe condition.
iv) Ladders or their side rails shall extend not less than 1.0 m above the floor or
platform to which such ladder gives access.
v) All ladders shall be secured / fastened against slipping / turning out at the bottom
as well as top end.

3.7 DEMOLITION OF WALLS

i) When walls or sections of masonry are being demolished, it shall be ensured that
they do not fall as single mass upon the floors of the building that are being
demolished, so as to exceed the safe carrying capacity of the floors.
ii) Overloading of floors shall be prevented by removing the accumulated debris
through chutes or by other means immediately.
iii) Walls shall be removed part by part. Stages shall be provided for the men to work
in, if the walls are very thin and dangerous to work by standing over them.
iv) No section of wall whose height is more than 8 times of thickness shall be
permitted to stand without lateral bracing unless such wall is in good condition
and was originally designed to stand without such lateral bracing or support.
v) Structural or load supporting members on any floor shall not be cut or removed
until all the storeys above that floor have been demolished and removed.
vi) In framed structures, the steel frame may be left in place during demolition of
masonry work. Where this is done, all steel beams, girders, etc. shall be cleared
off loose materials as the demolition of masonry work progresses downward.
vii) Walkways shall be provided to enable workmen to reach or leave their work on
any scaffold or wall. Such walkways shall not be less than 0.75 m in width.
viii)At the completion of each day’s work all installations shall be left stable to avoid
any danger of getting overturned.
ix) Foundation walls which serve as retaining walls to support earth or adjoining
structure, shall not be demolished until such an adjoining structure has been
underpinned or braced and the earth removed by sheet pilling or sheeting.
x) Non-load bearing walls shall be removed prior to demolition of load bearing walls.
xi) Columns and load bearing walls shall be demolished after removal of beams on
top.
xii) Brick in-fill Wall - To avoid any potential hazard of bricks falling out of the building,
all the brick in-fill shall be removed by pushing inward, before dismantling the
reinforced concrete framing. Working platforms outside the building shall be used
for removal of the brick in-fill walls. Brick removal shall begin from the top layer
downwards. The works shall be carried out layer by layer with each layer not
larger than 300mm.

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3.8 DEMOLITION OF FLOORS:

i) In cutting holes in floor which spans in one direction, a slit of width not exceeding
300mm shall be cut at the first stage for the entire length of the slab along which it
spans. The opening shall thereafter be increased to the desired width by suitable
instalments.
ii) Planks of sufficient strength, not less than 50 mm thick and 250 mm wide, shall
be provided at spacing not greater than 0.4 m for the workmen to work. The
length of planks shall not be less than 2 m. These planks shall be so placed as to
give workmen firm support to guard against any unexpected floor collapse.
iii) Stringers of ample strength shall be installed to support the planks where
necessary and the ends of such stringers shall be supported by floor beams,
girders and not by floor slab alone.
iv) When floors are being removed, no workman shall be allowed to work in the area,
directly underneath and such area shall be barricaded to prevent access to it.
v) The demolition of floor shall be started only after the floor in question and the
surrounding
vi) Floor area for 6 m has been entirely cleared of persons, and the debris and other
unnecessary materials removed.
vii) The reinforcement shall remain and be cut off after the concrete is broken away.
viii)The two-way slab is supported by beams or structural members on all four sides.
Demolition of the slab shall begin in the middle of the slab and advance towards
the sides in all 4 directions.
ix) Flat slab shall begin at the centre of the bay between the supporting columns and
proceed outwards to the columns and/or members that provide lateral support of
the slab. Care must be exercised not to prematurely weaken the shear capacity of
the columns or other supports. In general, when demolishing a column strip or part
of it, adequate supports shall be

3.9 DEMOLITION OF SIMPLE PRECAST CONSTRUCTION

The joints in this type of structure do not normally provide continuity. The stability of
this type of structure relies on other elements such as stairs, lift shafts, shear walls or
other framed structures.

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i) Dismantling each precast element shall be removed in the reverse order of

construction and broken on the ground or an adequately supported floor.
ii) Elements providing lateral stability shall not be demolished prior to the removal of
the precast elements or prior to the installation of the temporary bracing.
Temporary supports shall be adequately braced or tied to laterally stable
elements.
iii) Existing lifting points the re-use of the existing lifting points or accessories to lift
the precast
iv) Elements shall not be allowed unless the record erection plans showing the
function of the existing lifting points are checked and verified to be adequate for
current use.
v) Lateral support during lifting Special consideration shall be given to long span
precast elements with narrow compression flanges during lifting. Spreader beams
shall be used to reduce the spacing of the lifting points. The use of spreader
beam is to be used.

3.10 DEMOLITION OF FIRE DAMAGED BUILDING:

Fire reduces a structure's ability to act as a load platform for plant, people and
materials. As a result, great uncertainty exists concerning what might happen when
various actions are taken.

It is necessary that a thorough inspection is undertaken prior to demolition

commencing.

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The following should be looked for during the inspection:

i) Evaluate the fire temperature and locate areas where material strengths appear
reduced and deflections larger than normal.
ii) Look for shear failures of connections.
iii) Evaluate concrete strengths and identify areas of weakness
iv) Look for cracked concrete members, even those remote from the fire.
v) Check if structural steel requiring compression flange restraint has lost that
restraint (purlins or floor joists, for example).
vi) With composite flooring, check for shear failure.
vii) Where loss of strength has occurred in beams, columns or their connections,
additional propping may be required to ensure stability.
viii)Before any work starts, ensure that internal areas are well ventilated, and be
aware that some debris may be toxic. Take particular care if the building has been
used to store chemicals.

3.11 DEMOLITION OF STRUCTURES:

i) When a derrick is used, care shall be taken to see that the floor on which it is
supported is amply strong for the loading so imposed, if necessary heavy
planking shall be used to distribute the load to floor beams and girders.
ii) Overloading of equipment shall not be allowed.
iii) Tag lines shall be used on all materials being lowered or hoisted up and standard
signal system shall be used. The workmen shall be instructed on the signals.
iv) No person shall be permitted to ride the load line.
v) No beams shall be cut until precautions have been taken to prevent it from
swinging freely and possibly striking any worker or equipment or any part of the
structure being demolished.
vi) All structural steel members shall be lowered from the building and shall not be
allowed to drop.

3.12 CATCH PLATFORMS:

i) In demolition of exterior wall of multi-storey structure, it is advisable to provide
catch platform of heavy planking to prevent injuries to the worker working below
and to the public, when the external walls are more than 20 m in height.
ii) Such catch platform shall be constructed and maintained not more than 3 storeys
below the storey from which exterior walls are being demolished. When
demolition has progressed to within 3 stories of ground level, catch platform will
not be considered necessary.
iii) Catch platforms shall not be less than 1.5 m in width measured in a horizontal
direction from the face of the structure and shall consist of outriggers and
planks/steel decks. These shall be laid tight together without openings between
them and the walls. Catch platform shall be provided with a continuous solid
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parapet along its outer edge of at least 1 m height. The parapet shall be
constructed of the same specifications as the platform.
iv) Catch platforms can be constructed of material other than wood also provided
such material is of equal strength.
v) Catch platform shall be capable of sustaining a live load of not less than 610 kg
per square meter.
vi) The outriggers shall be of ample strength and shall not be spaced more than 3 m
apart.
vii) Materials shall not be dumped on catch platform nor shall such catch platform be
used for the storage of materials.

3.13 REMOVAL OF WALLS, FLOOR AND MATERIAL WITH EQUIPMENT.

i) Mechanical equipment shall not be used on floors or working surfaces unless

such floor or surfaces are of sufficient strength to support the imposed load.
ii) Floor openings shall have strong curbs to prevent equipment from falling over the
edge.

3.14 REMOVING AC SHEET ROOFING:

i) Before attempting the actual removal, a careful study should be made to find out
the strength of the asbestos sheet. In any case, workmen should not be allowed
to walk and stand on AC sheets.
ii) A firm ladder should be provided for workmen to climb to the roof.
iii) A cat ladder which can be kept on the sloping roof (supported from the ridge)
should be used for the workmen to stand and remove the sheets.
iv) Only experienced workmen should be engaged. They will never step on the
unsupported portion of the sheets.
v) Caution boards should be fixed at the ladders leading to the roof top, DANGER:
DONOT GO ON THE ROOF TOP WITHOUT PERMISSION.

3.15 MECHANICAL DEMOLITION:

i) When demolition is to be performed by mechanical devices, such as weight ball

and power shovels, the following additional precautions may be observed.
ii) The building height should not exceed 25 m.
iii) The area shall be barricaded for a minimum distance of 1.5 times the height of
the wall or the maximum available space, whichever is less. In all cases,
precaution is to be taken to prevent entry of people in the barricaded area.
iv) While the mechanical device is in operation, no workman shall be allowed to
enter the building being demolished.
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v) The device shall be so located as to avoid falling debris.

vi) The mechanical device when being used shall not cause any damage to adjacent
structure, power line, etc.

3.16 RECOMMENDATION FOR DEMOLITION OF CERTAIN SPECIAL TYPES

ANDELEMENTS OF STRUCTURES.

3.16.1 Roof Trusses

i) If a building has a pitched roof, the roof structure should be removed to wall top
level by hand methods. Sufficient purlin and bracing should be retained to ensure
stability of the remaining roof trusses while each individual truss is removed
progressively.
ii) Temporary bracing should be added, where necessary, to maintain stability. The
end frame opposite to the end where dismantling is commenced, or a convenient
intermediate frame should be independently and securely guyed in both
directions before work starts.
iii) On no account should the bottom tie of roof trusses be cut until the principal
rafters are prevented from making outward movement.

3.16.2 Heavy Floor Beams:

i) Heavy blocks of timber and steel beams should be supported before cutting at the
extremities and should then be lowered to a safe working place.

3.16.3 In-Situ Reinforced Concrete:

i) Before commencing demolition, the nature and condition of the concrete, the
condition and position of reinforcement and the possibility of lack of continuity of
reinforcement should be ascertained.
ii) Attention should be paid to the principles of the structural design to determine
which parts of the structure depend on each other to maintain overall stability.
iii) Demolition should be commenced by removing partitions and external non-load
bearing cladding. It should be noted that in some buildings the frame may rely on
the panel walls for stability.
iv) Where hand demolition methods are to be used, the following procedures should
be used.

3.16.4 Reinforced concrete beams:

i) For beams, a supporting rope should be attached to the beam. Then the concrete
should be removed from both ends by pneumatic drill and the reinforcement
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exposed. The reinforcement should then be cut in such a way as to allow the
beam to be lowered under control to the floor.

3.16.5 Reinforced concrete columns:

i) For columns, the reinforcement should be exposed at the base after restraining
wire guy ropes have been placed round the member at the top. The
reinforcement should then be cut in such a way as to allow the column to be
pulled down to the floor under control.

3.16.6 Reinforced concrete walls:

i) Reinforced concrete walls should be cut into strips and demolished in the same
way as columns.
3.16.7 Suspended floors and roots
Before demolishing suspended floors and roofs, the type of construction should be
ascertained. In solid slabs, the direction of the main reinforcement should be
determined; the slab should then be cut into strips parallel to the main reinforcement
and demolished strip by strip. Where ribbed construction has been used, the
principle of design and method of construction should be determined before
demolition is commenced. Care should be taken not to cut the ribs inadvertently.

3.16.8 Precast Reinforced Concrete

i) Precast reinforced concrete units used in a structure are normally held in position
by the strength of the joints made in-situ or on supporting walls, etc. As such,
before starting demolition, the joint structures and/or the supporting mechanisms
shall be studied and understood.
ii) In devising and following the demolition sequences due precaution shall be taken
to avoid toppling over of prefabricated units or any other part of the structure and
wherever necessary temporary supports shall be provided.
iii) Before commencing of the demolition work involving such structures advice of an
expert in such demolition shall be obtained and followed.

3.16.9 Storage tank & pipe lines

i) Before an above ground or underground storage tank and/or associated pipelines

are removed or demolished, any previous use should be determined and
appropriate action taken to identify and remove any hazardous chemicals.
Delivery lines and vent pipes should be purged. The tank should be emptied and
certified by a competent person as being free of gas, flammable vapours or other
hazardous chemicals.

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ii) If work is to be undertaken on storage tanks then it is necessary to determine

whether they are a confined space for the purpose of the work.

3.16.9.1 General precautions

During the demolition of tanks and pipelines, the following precautions should be
taken:

i) Make sure that no flammable or toxic substances or combustible liquid is allowed

to enter any drainage system or watercourse.
ii) If excavating underground tanks and/or pipelines, check the soil surrounding the
tank/pipe to establish that it is not contaminated, either by leakage from the
tank/pipe or by spillage.
iii) Hot work (for example, welding; oxy-acetylene cutting) should not be undertaken
where there is a chance that flammable material may be present as a result of
leakage/spillage or after cleaning out the tank/pipe.

3.16.9.2 Hazardous facilities:

i) Special precautions should be taken during the demolition of major hazard
facilities (MHF),chemical works, gas works and similar establishments. These
types of facilities should be examined in conjunction with a competent person (for
example, a chemical engineer), in order to determine the nature of any of the
plant, chemical deposits and their influence on the method of demolition or
dismantling.
ii) The removal of flammable materials and their new locations should be
ascertained before any demolition work starts.

3.16.9.3 Containers that have held flammable or combustible material:

i) Welding and cutting work on containers that have held flammable or combustible
liquids, solids, gases or dusts can result in fire or explosion if the containers are
not entirely free of these materials.
ii) It is therefore important to conduct a rigorous cleaning process and that any
instructions for cleaning are followed. Containers which have held any of the
following materials are considered unsafe and hot work should not be started
before they are properly cleaned:
a) Petrol, kerosene, solvents, or light oil, acids and alkaline, which can
react with metal to produce explosive or toxic gases heavy oils, tars
or solids which can release combustible gases when exposed to
heat flammable solids, whose finely divided particles may form an
explosive dust cloud.

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iii) Any container which has held flammable or combustible substances should be
considered unsafe until confirmed otherwise by a competent person

3.17 DISMANTLING OF STEEL STRUCTURES:

(A) Generic sequence diagram:

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3.17.1 Attachment-1
Practice for Sequential Dismantling of Steel Structure:
TABLEOFCONTENTS
SECTION – 1 : PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN BEFORE DISMANTLING OF
STEELSTRUCTURES.
SECTION – 2 : GENERAL SEQUENCE OF DISMANTLING STRUCTURAL
BUILDING.
SECTION – 3 : GENERAL SEQUENCE OF DISMANTLING OPEN GANTRY
SECTION – 4 : GENERAL SEQUENCE OF DISMANTLING CONVEYOR GALLERY.
SECTION – 5 : GENERAL SEQUENCE OF DISMANTLING CRANE
SECTION - 6 : GENERAL SEQUENCE OF DISMANTLING OF TRESTLES &
TOWERS.
SKETCH – 1 : DETAIL OF SHED TYPE BUILDING (SHEET 1 OF 2)
SKETCH – 2 : DETAIL OF SHED TYPE BUILDING (SHEET 2 OF 2)
SKETCH – 3 : DETAIL OF OPEN GANTRY.
SKETCH – 4 : DETAIL OF CONVEYOR GALLERY (SHEET 1 OF 2)
SKETCH – 5 : DETAIL OF CONVEYOR GALLERY (SHEET 2 OF 2)
SKETCH –6 : DETAILS OF TRESTLES /TOWERS ( SHEET 1 OF 2)
SKETCH -7 : DETAILS OF TRESTLES / TOWERS ( SHEET 2 OF 2)

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3.17.2 SECTION – 1
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN BEFORE DISMANTLING OF STEEL
STRUCTURALS.
Before any dismantling job is taken up, the Contractor shall officially identify a
“Dismantling Leader “by a letter to Organisation authorities. The Dismantling Leader
must have adequate knowledge and experience of structural dismantling and shall
be responsible for safe dismantling work. Apart from other safety precautions, he will
take care of the points, mentioned below:

i) Ensure that the structural to be dismantled are not supporting any other
structures. In case, it is supporting, the other structures should be suitably
supported before dismantling work is taken up.
ii) All service lines like Oxygen, Nitrogen, Compressed air, CO gas, BF gas, LD gas
carrying lines supported on the structural intended to be dismantled, should be re-
routed. In case, it is decided that structural will be partially dismantled to retain
support of the service lines, adequate safety precautions should be taken while
dismantling, to avoid fire hazards and puncturing of service lines.
iii) All electrical lines supported on structural intended to be dismantled, should be
disconnected from source of power, and dismantling should start only after
necessary clearance to that effect is obtained, in writing from concerned Electrical
Power/Operation Department. Ensure Positive Isolation for the entire building.
iv) The condition of structural intended to be dismantled shall be inspected for
corrosion, to ensure that it does not collapse while dismantling.
v) All tools and tackles used for dismantling should be in sound condition and
adequately strong. Lifting tools and tackles used should have test certificate,
issued by competent authority.
vi) Cranes, used for dismantling, should have necessary fitness certificate. The driver
shall also have necessary health and eye test certificate.
vii) If derrick is used in place of crane, it should be properly guyed for stability and
should have specified lifting capacity. In no case, the specified lifting capacity
should be exceeded.
viii)All persons engaged in dismantling work should be given safety training and they
should ensure use of safety appliances. If the dismantling is near any gas line,
then the workmen engaged should be given gas safety training.
ix) While working at height, safety belt should be used. While climbing up or down,
snatch ropes or fall arrestor should be used. A wire rope may be tied at two rigid
points to fasten the life line of safety belt, where other tying members are not
available.
x) All dismantled material should be lowered down on ground in controlled way.
xi) Job safety analysis should be done before dismantling.
xii) Dismantling sequence should be prepared before dismantling.

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3.17.3 SECTION – 2
GENERAL SEQUENCE OF DISMANTLING STRUCTURAL BUILDING:
The sequence of dismantling should be such that the structure does not lose its
stability at any time.
i) Ensure that all precautions, as indicated in Section – 1, are taken.
ii) Remove all roof and side sheeting’s. Purlins should not be dismantled at this
stage, but side girts can be dismantled.
iii) If necessary, all purlins between monitor trusses can be removed and monitor
truss dismantled without damaging the roof truss.
iv) Start dismantling from gable end, and work towards any intermediate braced bay.
This braced bay is to be dismantled last.
v) Remove gable steel work except roof truss.
vi) Remove alternate purlins between end roof truss and adjacent truss.
vii) Hold the roof truss to be dismantled with crane or derrick and remove balance
purlins, rafter bracings, bottom chord bracings and struts, if any, between this
truss and adjacent truss.
viii)Gas cut the truss members along the face of column on both sides, and lower the
roof truss.
ix) Sequence vii to viii to be repeated for dismantling subsequent roof trusses.
x) While removing the last two trusses, both the trusses should be held with crane
before repeating sequence vii and viii.
xi) Dismantle gantry girder, surge platform, surge girder and outrigger girder
between end column intended to be dismantled and adjacent column.
xii) Remove longitudinal bracings and struts if any, between end column and
adjacent column. Also remove any other structural or platform. Dismantle end
column.
xiii) Repeat sequence xi and xii for subsequent columns on both lines.
xiv)For multi storeyed building dismantle all floor beams and floor plates except the
beams connecting the building column. These framing beams and parts of
columns shall be dismantled floor wise, starting from top, maintaining the stability
of structures at all time.
xv) For bin house, dismantle all bin plates except the girder or bin plates connecting
the building columns.
xvi)Dismantle longitudinal bracings, struts, floor beams, bin plates etc., between end
columns and adjacent columns on both rows. Also dismantle beam, bin plates etc.
across the building for end column.
xvii) Dismantle end columns. For long columns, columns can be dismantled in pieces
starting from top.
xviii) Repeat sequence xvi and xvii for subsequent columns on both sides.
xix) Refer to sketch sheet no. 1 for identification of shed type building components.
xx) If during dismantling, a situation is faced, where the remaining component to be
removed is likely to lose its stability due to removal of other connecting members,
the component must be stabilized with guy ropes.
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Based on the above sequence of dismantling, for hazardous jobs, the components
like columns, bracings, girders etc. may be given identifying marking at site to avoid
wrong member cutting.

3.17.4 SECTION – 3
GENERAL SEQUENCE OF DISMANTLING OPEN GANTRY.
i) Ensure that all precautions, as indicated in Section – 1 are taken.
ii) Start dismantling from the end, where column bracing is not provided.
iii) Hold the top of end column/A-frame using a crane/derrick.
iv) Remove gantry girder, surge girder/platform, outrigger girder and any other
structural between end column/frame and adjoining column/frame.
v) Dismantle end frame/column.
vi) Repeat sequence 3 to 5 for all other frames/columns except for last two braced
columns/frames.
vii) For last two braced columns/frames, cut and remove all structural except bracing
between the columns/frames.
viii)Cut and remove top portion of bracing strut and diagonals along with top portion
of columns/frames.
ix) Repeat sequence 8 for next lower portion of bracings and columns/frames, till
complete column/frame is removed.
x) Refer to Sketch Sheet No. 3 for identification of structural parts of open gantry.

3.17.5 SECTION – 4:
GENERAL SEQUENCE OF DISMANTLING CONVEYOR GALLERY:
i) Ensure that all precautions as indicated in Section – 1 are taken.
ii) Remove all mechanical parts like conveyor belt, idlers, deck plates, stringers etc.
before removing the gallery structurals. Remove all cables, pipes and cable trays.
iii) Remove all roof and side sheeting including purlins and side runners.
iv) Provide guy steel ropes on both sides of the trestles in the longitudinal direction
tied with firm structure / foundation at base.
v) Hold the portion of conveyor gallery between two supports with crane/derrick.
Depending on situation, slinging positions, crane position etc. must be planned
and documented. Slings should be tied only at node points.
vi) Gas cut the end connections without damaging the supports and conveyor
gallery. Top end connections to be gas cut.
vii) Lower the conveyor gallery to ground.
viii)After lowering on ground, the structures can be removed in small pieces by gas
cutting.
ix) Refer Sketch Sheet No. 4 and 5 for identification of structural components of
conveyor gallery.

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3.17.6 SECTION – 5
GENERAL SEQUENCE OF DISMANTLING EOT CRANE:
i) Ensure that all precautions as given in Section – 1 are taken.
ii) Dismantle all gear boxes, motors, electrical panels etc. and bring them down to
ground.
iii) Dismantle Trolley structural and hook block using crane/derrick/Repair trolley.
Trolley assembly may be dismantled as a unit if crane or repair trolley capacity is
available.
iv) Dismantle driver’s cabin using crane/derrick.
v) Tie end carriage with existing gantry girder and building structural.
vi) Dismantle bridge girders one by one using crane/derrick.

3.18 SECTION -6
GENERAL SEQUENCE OF DISMANTLIN OF TRESTLES / TOWERS:
i) Ensure that all precautions as given in section -1 are taken.
ii) Provide the steel guy ropes / steel structural stays on both sides longitudinally &
across the trestle/tower based on height, ground condition and type of trestles &
tower.
iii) The steel structural inclined stays shall start from minimum one third heights of
the trestle / tower from the ground. The adequate sized steel stays to be at a
slope between Min 1:4 and Mac. 45degree. the base of the stay to be anchored
on a levelled firm ground with adequate size base plate and H D Bolts. The stays
shall be on both sides of the tower/ trestle. Size of the stay to be ascertained
based on size of the trestle & Tower. Guy rope on both sides in across direction
to be provided as per site requirements and trestle/ tower condition.
iv) Adequate sized steel rope can also be used both side longitudinally as well as
across as per requirements and site layout and conditions. The base of the steel
rope to be anchored to firm structure / object.
v) The trestle/ tower to be preferably hold with adequate capacity crane and can be
dismantled in single length or multiple short lengths depending upon the height &
size of the trestle & towers. If dismantling by crane is not feasible, then manual
dismantling in pieces starting from top is to be taken up.
vi) Before lifting with crane, it is to be ensured that the cut portion detached
completely.
vii) The stays top must be at minimum height of H/3 of the tower at each stage of
dismantling.

NOTE: All above sections are the recommended practice. Site & structure
specific dismantling sequences of steel structures are to be prepared at site
based on above.

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3.19 Attachment -2
Recommended Practice for Dismantling and Rearranging (D&R) facilities:
The following practices are strongly recommended for all “large” D&R projects. Sites
electing not to adopt any of these practices must have an alternative better practice that
is at least equal to those not adopted.

1. Equipment Identification
i) Use different colour paints or stickers on equipment, piping, or electrical to be
removed to distinguish it from equipment, piping, or electrical to remain.
ii) Identify both what is to be removed and what is to remain.
iii) Use different colours to identify the presence of asbestos, lead, etc. and non-
hazardous coatings.
iv) Use unique colour paint, stickers, or tags to identify the exact location of subsequent
breaks being performed by the contractor personnel.
v) Signs or posters describing the identification method including examples of the actual
colours or tags must be posted in strategic locations throughout the work area
vi) The integrity of the markings should be reviewed throughout the life of the project.

2. Utilities diversion / isolation

i) Executing Authority should perform isolation and all utility diversion activities. As a
best practice, the facilities should be completely isolated (de-energized, drained,
blanked out, etc.) before the work to begin.
ii) For diversion / isolation of electrical utilities, prior approval / permit shall be taken from
concerned electrical department or Electrical Maintenance Department.
iii) For diversion / isolation of various gas / steam pipe lines, prior approval / permit &
clearance for dismantling of pipes shall be taken from concerned department or from
Fuel / Energy Management Department as applicable.
iv) For diversion / isolation of underground sewer line, storm line and other service water
lines, prior approval / permit shall be taken from Civil department/ concerned
department.
3. Auditing
i) Conduct D&R focused audits separate from the site’s normal audit process.
ii) Participants on the audit must be trained to recognize unique D&R hazards and be
knowledgeable of the D&R job plan.
iii) Daily focused D&R audits to be conducted.
iv) Audit team shall comprise of at least a Safety Department, operating area
representative, and D&R contractor supervisor.

4. Electrical
i) All person’s employees performing demolition & rearranging of electrical conduit,
cables or conductors must be trained
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ii) Provide general “electrical safety awareness training” to D&R contractor personnel
not engaged in electrical demolition & rearranging.
iii) Identification and marking of circuits must be performed by personnel with long-term
site experience.
iv) Remove all fuses from motor control centres.
v) If lighting panels must remain active, determine how energized electrical panels and
circuits will be clearly identified and the location communicated to the D&R contractor.

5. Building and Process Decontamination

i) De-inventory and flush all process vessels, storage tanks, receivers, pumps, and
piping systems of all residual chemicals.
ii) Written authorization from the consultants / engineers required before torch cutting
any vessels, tanks, or piping carrying flammable liquid or gas.
iii) Positive verification of removal of flammable liquid, gas, or residual materials by
purging before authorizing torch cutting.
iv) Remove gas from large fixed refrigeration units.
v) Open process equipment inspection ports/nozzles for internal inspection.
vi) Open all low point equipment and piping systems drains and leave all valves in open
position.
vii) Open all jackets and coils and utility side of heat exchangers.
viii)Decontaminate any process equipment/piping systems that are not “visually clean”.
ix) Open, inspect and clean, if necessary, ventilation ductwork.
x) Clean building ditches, trenches and pumps.

6. Building Isolation
i) Define and identify any process and/or service piping systems that must be relocated
to isolate the building.
ii) Define and identify any electrical services that must be relocated to isolate the
building.
iii) Use a service of person with long-term site-specific experience to physically break all
electrical, utility, and process piping. Ensure POSITIVE ISOLATION of the equipment
/ system from electrical source or any other energy source.

7. Rigging, Mechanical and Manual Lifting:

xi) Treat all rigging and mechanical lifting jobs as “critical” lifts.
xii) Rigging plan review includes the following:
xiii)Contractor rigging training.
xiv) Crane operator certification.
xv) Crane certification and inspections.
xvi) Chain fall, hoist, sling inspections.
xvii) Routes of “travel”.
xviii) Job supervisor of contractor will plan all mechanical lifts, including the use of
ropes. Equipment drawings need to be obtained to determine equipment weights.

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Allowances may have to be added to the weights due to residual product, catalyst,
and/or caking if the equipment could not be adequately cleaned.
xix) Weights of platforms, piping, etc., that will remain on the equipment when it is
being dismantled must also be determined.
xx) Verify contractor employees involved in any form of rigging have been adequately
trained or perform on-site rigging training.
xxi) Designate specific operators of freight elevators and provide training.
xxii) All load-conveying equipment must be labelled with its capacity. Skilled and
qualified operators on all demolition equipment.
xxiii) Equipment operator training verified through review of training documentation.
Utilize mechanical equipment for lifting.
xxiv) Overhead hoisting equipment and supports left in the area must be inspected by
the job supervisor of the contractor.
xxv) Only steel chains and slings shall be used for securing / supporting heavy loads
and use of Manila ropes, Fibres ropes in rigging activities shall be strictly prohibited
for heavy loads greater than 70 Kg.
xxvi) Limit manual material handling and lifting to a maximum of two persons; no
manual material handling or lifting with more than two individuals is allowed.

8. Staffing:
i) Contractor with safety knowledge, safety resources dedicated to the D&R project to
be utilized.
ii) Contractor is to utilize experienced operators, mechanics, and resident contractor
employees for decommissioning and decontamination.
iii) Contractor is to utilize experienced operators and mechanics.
iv) Contractor is to engage qualified electrical resource dedicated to follow electrical D&R
fieldwork.
v) Contractor-provided safety supervisor to be assigned to continuously monitor
contractors with inexperienced workers regardless of size of workforce.
vi) Require contractor to submit proposed workforce makeup, i.e., experienced workers
vs. inexperienced workers, and worker to supervisor ratio.

9. Communications
Communicate safety expectations and requirements clearly and early in the bidding
process. Hold weekly / daily safety/schedule meeting between concerned department
and operating area personnel and D&R contractor project management and field
supervisors and safety supervisors.

10. Identification of Area with similar Hazards

Develop a plan that requires sampling of all homogenous areas for the presence of
hazardous materials such as asbestos, lead, etc.

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11. Contract Bid Preparation

As a minimum, involve the following in the bid package preparation:
i) Contractor safety representative.
ii) Plant safety resource.
iii) Operating area owner representative.
iv) Plant environmental resource
v) Contract administration
vi) Electrical resource
vii) Mechanical and rigging resource.
viii)D&R project team resources
As a minimum, include in the bid package the following:
a) Well written, clear, and detailed scope of work.
b) All relevant safety procedures.
c) List of required submittals.
d) Waste disposal guidelines.
e) Lead, asbestos, and other hazardous coatings assessments.
f) Examples of relevant work, flame, etc. permits.
g) Barricading requirements.
h) Clear and concise worker training requirements

12. Contractor Selection

i) Competent contractors having records of self-initiative approach for safety measures.

ii) Contractor having attitude &behavioural dedication towards safety.
iii) Competent contractors adequate mechanized resources.
iv) Competent Engineers, Job supervisors, safety supervisors and other competent staffs
for various works related with demolition.
v) Capability to mobilize adequate resources for completing the work speedily with
adequate safety measures.
vi) No default case found for compromising safety measures for any previous orders.
vii) Contact other sites for performance history if possible.
viii)Select electrical contractor to perform electrical cable and conduit D&R.
ix) Select authorize contractors to perform lead and asbestos removal.

13. Miscellaneous
i) The written Job Plan must detail that the work must be stopped, re-evaluated, and a
new plan developed if any condition changes. It must include the process to be used
and persons who must be involved in developing the new plan.
ii) Develop a project-specific disciplinary process that is focused on the contractor
supervision’s accountability for the actions of their workers rather than one that
focuses solely on the workers.
iii) Use task-specific work and hot work permits.
iv) D&R is truly “reverse construction.” The planning of the work must take this into
account. As an example, small piping, lighting, instruments, steam and trap
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manifolds, etc. should be removed first around major pieces of equipment prior to
their dismantling.

3.20 Attachment -3
RECOMMENDED PLANNING CHECKLIST FOR D&R FACILITIES
1. Intent: This checklist is to be used during the planning of D&R. It list items that should
be evaluated before D&R on facilities, buildings, or equipment takes place.

2. Regulations
All regulations which govern D&R activity must be complied with.

3. Pre-Assessment
Prior to conducting a field assessment of the area, equipment, or facilities to be D &R’d,
a knowledgeable/competent person should conduct a pre-assessment to establish
background information and scope of D&R.

i) Identify the products produced at the facility or in the equipment being D &R’d and
their respective health and physical hazards.
ii) What chemicals were used in the process?
iii) How and when the facility or equipment was idled, mothballed, or decontaminated?
iv) Is the area or equipment considered “clean,” i.e., are there any concerns with re-use
of scrapped material?
v) Where will scrap be processed?
vi) What methods/tests will be needed to determine the state of decontamination?
vii) What materials can be recycled?
viii)Where and on what equipment will torch cutting be allowed or will cold cutting be
required throughout?
ix) Will the entire facility or area be D&R’d or are only certain pieces of equipment within
the area being removed?
x) Is equipment (vessels, etc.) to be removed whole or cut up in pieces?
xi) Know weights of equipment, vessels, etc.
xii) What method will be used to distinguish between equipment to be removed and
equipment to remain?
xiii)Will any safety or control feature be temporarily or permanently disabled? How will
this affect operating equipment?
xiv) What is the current operating/energized state of the area?
xv) How will the equipment be, or is it, isolated from pressurized or energized sources
(electrical, service, process, etc.)?
xvi) Have equipment changes or modifications occurred that are not reflected in the
system documentation?

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xvii) What is the proximity of area, equipment, or facilities being D&R’d to occupied
area / operational areas?
xviii) Will access into the area by those not involved in the D&R be required? If so, what
routes will they use and what protections will be required for them?
xix) Will confined space entry be necessary?
xx) Is there a possibility of ground or soil contamination?
xxi) What is the degree of unknown underground services? Will extensive hand
excavation be required?
xxii) Do pits that have been opened by removal of equipment contain residual
lubricants, finish paints or other flammable liquids?
xxiii) Do pits need to be cleaned prior to burning and welding around or above them?
xxiv) Are there any biological hazards associated with residual materials contained in
pits? (Consult the site industrial hygienist.)

4. Assessment
Conduct a field assessment of the area, equipment, or facility to be D&R’d. (photograph
areas adjacent to the area, equipment, or facilities (if any) being D&R’d to be used to
identify damage done to them in the event it occurs during D&R.)

5. Environmental and Health Related

i) Identify location of ditches, trenches, sewers and other routes of possible
contaminated runoff. Will monitoring for contaminates in runoff be required?
ii) Identify coatings containing lead.
iii) Identify asbestos-containing materials in insulation, transite, roofing, flashing, and
other coatings and materials.
iv) Will large enclosures be needed to remove asbestos-containing material?
v) Check for refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) materials such as firebrick in boiler linings,
etc.
vi) Analyze process/chemical residue.
vii) Test for cadmium in high-temperature coatings etc.
viii)Check for the presence of biological hazards such as bird droppings, vermin, etc.
ix) Identify mercury-containing equipment such as lighting ballast and tubes.
x) Will the currently used landfill accept asbestos, lead, etc. contamination?
xi) Will contaminated soil be encountered?
xii) Consider dust, smoke, noise, and vibration created by D&R activity and the effect it
may have on adjacent areas and equipment.

6. Structural Related

i) Condition of the structure; has it been idled for an extended period of time and
deteriorated?

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ii) What temporary or permanent bracing will be required for equipment or structures
being removed or remaining?
iii) Overhead electrical conductors in close proximity?
iv) Proximity to other structures not being dismantled or rearranged.
v) Type of structure (steel, masonry, combination)?
vi) Composition and condition of roof (built-up, precast concrete, transit, brittle)?
vii) Allowable roof and floor loads?
viii)Existing elevator capacities?
ix) Location and conditions of any confined spaces?
x) Basement and sumps involved?
xi) Presence and location of under piping and electrical feeders?
xii) Coatings, insulation, mastics (flammability, lead, asbestos)?
xiii)Do combustible metals such as titanium with an oxide coating glass / glass – wools
exist?
xiv) Vessels empty or do they contain material which adds weight?

7. Planning
Once the pre-assessment and field assessment have been conducted, a preliminary plan
must be developed. The plan should be laid out step-by-step and encompass every
activity of the project with attention to the safety of D&R crew and other employees.

8. Employee Safety
i) PPE requirements.
ii) Fall prevention and fall protection.
iii) Hygiene and decontamination needs.
iv) Special training needs
v) Special medical surveillance required.
vi) Special clothing.
vii) First-aid plan and clinic location and injury treatment/management process.

9. Miscellaneous Planning
i) What governmental permits (federal, state, and local) will be required and who will
obtain them?
ii) Spill-handling procedure, emergency response, and clean up.
iii) Does the area have adequate ventilation should a spill occur?
iv) Will temporary containment enclosures create a negative impact on natural ventilation
and cause a build-up of flammable vapours?
v) Fire and explosion response.
vi) How will fire watch personnel be identified (orange vest, red hardhat, etc.)?
vii) Traffic control and routing of equipment and personnel.
viii)Perimeter barricading.

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ix) What analytical test will be required and who will perform them (lead, cadmium,
asbestos, organic residue)?
x) Heavy equipment inspection and operating requirements. Auditing of work (method,
by whom, frequency).
xi) Incident (safety, health, and environmental) reporting needs, by whom to whom).
xii) Lay down area location.

10. Information Provided to the Contractor

In addition to the standard bid documents, the following should be provided to the
contractor performing the work.
i) Structural engineer reports.
ii) Results of any and all tests performed (lead, asbestos, chemical, etc.) including
location, coding on map, and regulatory consequences.
iii) History of structure and general conditions.
iv) Training and certification requirements of supervisors and employees performing the
work for asbestos, lead, cadmium, equipment operations, etc.
v) Weights of equipment and basis of assessment.
vi) Permit system on site.
vii) Project manager contact.

11. Information Required from the Contractor

i) Methods used to D&R including major equipment to be used.
ii) Fall prevention and protection plan.
iii) Relevant supervisory and employee training records.
iv) Lifting and rigging plans.
v) Lay down area requirements including trailers for supervision, lunch, change rooms,
showers, etc.
vi) Decontamination trailer requirements (if needed).
vii) Detailed plan for controlling dust (foot and airborne) and other identified
contaminants.

12.0 Training:

Employees involved in the dismantling shall receive training from a competent person &
qualified person. The purpose of the training is to recognize any hazards associated with
the work in question. Training shall consist of:
i) the nature of height work hazards
ii) the correct procedures for dismantling
iii) the design criteria, maximum intended load carrying capacity, and intended
use of the work platform, lifting tackles, access system, climbing system, winch
system, lifting system, man lifter system, various anchorages, lifelines,
procedures for height work etc.

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Employees who perform work while at height shall be trained by a qualified person so
they can recognize hazards associated with the type of scaffolding, access, lift system
etc. being used and understand the procedures to control those hazards. Training will
cover the following topics as necessary:
i) The nature of any electrical hazards, fall hazards, and falling object hazards in
the work area.
ii) The correct procedures for dealing with electrical hazards and for erecting,
maintaining, and disassembling the fall protection systems and falling object
protection systems used
iii) The proper use of the height facilities and the proper handling of materials on
the system being used.
The maximum intended load and the load carrying capacities of the supports system,
work platform, cages, cradles, access system, ropes, man-lifters, winches, life lines ,
anchorages etc.

13.0 Records:
i) Record of work permit for demolition work shall be kept for at least one year.
ii) Records for incident/accident are to be maintained at the department. At least for
five years.
iii) Records of tests for the equipment, slings, cage, rope ladders etc being used for
demolition shall be kept for the period of work.

Reference:
1. IPSS: 1-11-031-17
2. TSL Safety Standard, SS/ENGG-04

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