INSTITUTEOFAERONAUTICALENGINEERING

(Autonomous)
Dundigal, Hyderabad-500043

AIRCRAFT PROPULSION

TUTORIAL QUESTION BANK

Course Title AIRCRAFT PROPULSION

Course Code AAE007

Programme B.Tech

Semester V AE

Course Type Core

Regulation IARE - R16

Theory Practical

Course Structure Lectures Tutorials Credits Laboratory Credits

3 - 3 - -

Chief Coordinator Dr. Prashant GK, Associate Professor

Dr. Maruthupandiyan, Associate Professor
Course Faculty Dr. Prashant GK, Associate Professor

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The course should enable the students to:

I Analyze parametric cyclic analysis, performance parameters, efficiency, and specific impulse of
all air breathing engines.
II Know the design and performance of subsonic and supersonic inlets, types of combustion
chambers and factors affecting the combustors
III Discuss the types of nozzles, flow conditions in nozzles, interaction of nozzle flow with adjacent
surfaces and thrust reversal
IV Explain different types of compressors and turbines, work done, velocity diagrams and stage
efficiency calculations.
COURSE OUTCOMES (COs):
CO 1 Describe the various types, basic function, and performance analysis of air-breathing engine
CO 2 Understand the various inlets and combustion chamber performance parameters affecting it
CO 3 Explain theory of flow in isentropic nozzles and variable area nozzle
CO 4 Describe principle operations of compressors, with work done and pressure rise explaining the
design and performance parameters
CO 5 Determine the various types of turbine, understand configuration associated

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOs):

CLO 1 Apply knowledge and understand the essential facts, concepts and principles of
thermodynamics.
CLO 2 Understand the basic function of all aircraft engine components and how they work.
CLO 3 Analyze the engine performance parameters and parameters influencing them.
CLO 4 Understand the impact of performance parameters on endurance and range how they affect the
aircraft performance.
CLO 5 Demonstrate different type’s aircraft engine operating principle.
CLO 6 Understand step by step procedure of engine parametric cycle analysis.
CLO 7 Understand steps involved in performance analysis of all aircraft engine.
CLO 8 Describe operational modes of subsonic inlets and parameters influencing it.
CLO 9 Analyze diffuser performance, losses in it and their impact on engine performance.
CLO 10 Describe supersonic inlets, starting problem in it and their operating modes.
CLO 11 Understand different types of combustion chamber and functions of all the components.
CLO 12 Analyze combustion chamber performance and parameters influencing them.
CLO 13 Describe theory of flow in isentropic nozzle and physics behind nozzle operation.
CLO 14 Understand different nozzle operating conditions for convergent and divergent nozzle.
CLO 15 Describe principle of operation of axial and centrifugal compressor.
CLO 16 Understand different design of compressor and limitations of each method.
CLO 17 Analyze performance characteristics of axial and centrifugal compressor.
CLO 18 Describe principle of operation of centrifugal and axial flow turbine.
CLO 19 Understand different design of axial and centrifugal turbine.
CLO 20 Design of ramjet engine and steps involved in it.
 TUTORIAL QUESTION BANK

MODULE -I
AIR-BREATHING ENGINES
Part - A(Short Answer Questions)
S.NO QUESTIONS Blooms Course Course
Taxonomy Outcomes Learning
Level Outcomes
1 Write different types of gas turbine engine? Remember CO 1 CLO 1
2 Differentiate ramjet and turbojet engine. Remember CO 1 CLO 1
3 What is the type of engine that would be used in a helicopter Remember CO 1 CLO 2
4 How is a turboprop different from a turbojet? Remember CO 1 CLO 2
5 What is the type of engine that powers most of today’s airliners and why? Remember CO 1 CLO 3
6 What is the difference between ramjet and scramjet engine? Remember CO 1 CLO 3
7 Define bypass ratio. Remember CO 1 CLO 4
8 Define thermal efficiency Understand CO 1 CLO 4
9 Define propulsive efficiency Understand CO 1 CLO 5
10 Write thrust equation for simple turbojet engine. Remember CO 1 CLO 5
11 Define specific thrust Remember CO 1 CLO 6
12 Describe specific fuel consumption Understand CO 1 CLO 7
13 Define specific impulse Understand CO 1 CLO 4
14 What is the need for after burner? Understand CO 1 CLO 7
15 Write parameters influencing engine thrust Understand CO 1 CLO 6
16 What is air-breathing engine? Understand CO 1 CLO1
17 What is non-air breathing engine? Understand CO 1 CLO1
18 What are the factors that affect engine thrust? Remember CO 1 CLO7
19 Why turbo fan has better propulsive efficiency? Remember CO 1 CLO6
20 What is mean by combined cycle engine Remember CO 1 CLO5
Part - B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Compare between turboprop, turbofan, and turbojet engines (draw figures to Understand CO 1 CLO 1
illustrate their configurations).
2 Compare ramjet engines and scramjet engines and highlight their differences Understand CO 1 CLO3
based on principle of operation.
3 Draw and explain in detail the functions of all the major components in the Understand CO 1 CLO 2
turbojet engine.
4 Derive thrust equation for ideal turbojet engine and clearly expand the Remember CO 1 CLO 3
nomenclature of each equation.
5 Illustrate with proper label the scramjet engine and explain the functions of all Remember CO 1 CLO 4
the components.
6 Write short notes on performance parameters of gas turbine engineand give an Remember CO 1 CLO 2
equation for any one performance parameter.
7 Explain the need for an air breathing engine. Is an air-breathing engine Understand CO 1 CLO 6
different from a non-air-breathing engine? explain
8 Derive isentropic efficiency of a simple turbojet engine. Explain with proper Understand CO 1 CLO 7
nomenclature for the same.
9 Sketch a neat and labeled diagram of a turbofan engine and explain its working Understand CO 1 CLO 3
principle.
10 Explain in detail the working of a ramjet engine. Also, explain how a ramjet Understand CO 1 CLO 1
engine is different from a scramjet engine.
11 Explain and draw a detailed diagram of a turbojet engine with neat sketch. Is a Remember CO 1 CLO 3
turboprop different from turbofan? Justify
S.NO QUESTIONS Blooms Course Course
Taxonomy Outcomes Learning
Level Outcomes
12 List and explain the factors affecting the engine thrust with neat sketch. Also, Remember CO 1 CLO 4
explain how a turbofan is different from turboshaft.
13 What is the difference between ram jet and turbojet and enumerate their Understand CO 1 CLO 7
advantages and disadvantages.
14 Explain the flight limit and operational limits for different engines with neat Understand CO 1 CLO 3
sketch.
15 Write short notes on air-breathing and non-air-breathing engines and describe Understand CO 1 CLO 1
about gas generator.
16 Plot and explain in detail about variation of pressure temperature and velocity Understand CO 1 CLO 7
across turbojet engine.
17 What are the advantages and disadvantages of turbojet, turbo prop and turbo Understand CO 1 CLO 2
fan engines.
18 What is the need for after burner? Draw and explain the T-S diagram for Understand CO 1 CLO 6
turbojet engine with and without after burner cycle.
19 Write short notes on combined cycle engine and explain any one of combined Understand CO 1 CLO 2
cycle engine with neat sketch.
20 Derive the equation for propulsive efficiency and explain the reason for Understand CO 1 CLO 5
turbofan having better propulsive efficiency.
Part - C (Analytical Questions)
1 Air flows through a jet engine at the rate of 30 kg/s and the fuel flow rate is 1 Understand CO 1 CLO 3
kg/s. The exhaust gases leave the jet nozzle with a relative velocity of 610 m/s.
Pressure equilibrium exists over the exit plane. Compute the velocity of the
airplane if the thrust power is 1.12 × 106 W.
2 A turbojet engine is powering a fighter airplane. Its cruise altitude and Mach Understand CO 1 CLO 4
number are 10 km and 0.8, respectively. The exhaust gases leave the nozzle at
a speed of 570 m/s and a pressure of 0.67 bar. The exhaust nozzle is
characterized by the ratio Ae/m˙ a = 0.006m2 · s/kg. The fuel-to-air ratio is
0.02.
It is required to calculate
(a) The specific thrust (T/m˙ a).
(b) The propulsive efficiency using the different expressions defined above.
3 Boeing 747 aircraft is powered by four CF-6 turbofan engines manufactured by Remember CO 1 CLO 5
General Electric Company. Each engine has the following data:
Thrust force 24.0 kN, Air mass flow rate 125 kg/s, Bypass ratio 5.0
Fuel mass flow rate 0.75 kg/s, Operating Mach number 0.8, Altitude 10 km
Ambient temperature 223.2 K, Ambient pressure 26.4 kPa
Fuel heating value 42,800 kJ/kg
If the thrust generated from the fan is 75% of the total thrust, determine
(a) The jet velocities of the cold air and hot gases
(b) The specific thrust
(c) The thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC)
4 A Boeing 747 aircraft has a lift-to-drag ratio of 17. The fuel-to-air ratio is 0.02 Remember CO 1 CLO 6
and the fuel heating value is 45,000 kJ/kg. The ratio between the weight of the
aircraft at the end and start of cruise is 0.673. The overall efficiency is 0.35.
1. Calculate the range of aircraft.
2. What will be the fuel consumed in the cruise if the takeoff mass of aircraft is
385,560 kg?
3. If the fuel consumed during the engine start, warming, and climb is 4.4% of
the initial aircraft weight and the fuel consumed during descent, landing, and
engine stop is 3.8% of the aircraft weight at the end of cruise, calculate the fuel
consumed in the whole trip.
S.NO QUESTIONS Blooms Course Course
Taxonomy Outcomes Learning
Level Outcomes
5 The airplane has turbojet engine which produces 12.12 KN thrust at an altitude Remember CO 1 CLO 7
of 9150 m, where the ambient conditions are 32 kPa and 240 K. The pressure
ratio across the compressor is 12 and temperature at the turbine inlet is 1400 K.
The aircraft speed is 310 m/s. Assume ideal operation for all components;
assume un-choked nozzle and constant specific heat in all processes, Cp =
1005 J/kgK. The heating value of the fuel is 42,700 kJ/kg.
Determine
(a) The fuel-to-air ratio(b) The velocity of the exhaust gases
(c) The air mass flow rate
6 An aircraft having ideal turbojet engine flying at an altitude where the ambient Remember CO 1 CLO 3
conditions are 0.458 bar and 248 K. Speed of the aircraft: 805 km/h,
Compressor pressure ratio: 4:1, Turbine inlet temperature: 1100 K, Nozzle
outlet area 0.0935 m2, Heat of reaction of the fuel: 43 MJ/kg. Find the thrust
and TSFC assuming cp as 1.005 kJ/kg K and γ as 1.4.
7 The idling turbojet engines of a landing airplane produce forward thrust when Remember CO1 CLO4
operating in a normal manner, but they can produce reverse thrust if the jet is
property deflected. Suppose that, while the aircraft rolls down the runway at
100 mph, the idling engine consumes air at 100 lbm/s and produces an exhaust
velocity of 450 ft/s.
(a) What is the forward thrust of the engine?
(b) What is the magnitude and direction (forward or reverse) if the exhaust is
deflected 90°and if the mass flow is kept constant?
8 DASSAULT MIRAGE G is a two seat Strike and Reconnaissance fighter Remember CO1 CLO5
powered by one SNECMA TF-306C turbofan engine. It has the following
characteristics:
Flight Mach number 0.8, Altitude 65,000 ft, Ambient temperature 216.7 K
Ambient pressure 5.5 kPa, Fuel heating value 42,700 kJ/kg
Thrust force 53.4 kN, Air mass flow rate 45 kg/s, Fuel mass flow rate 2.5 kg/s
Aircraft gross weight (65,000 ft) 156 kN, Aircraft takeoff weight 173.3 kN
Wing area 26.4 m2, Fuel weight 5. kN, Maximum lift coefficient CL max=1.8
CD0 = 0.012 K1 = 0.2 K2 = 0.0, Air density at take-off 1.225 kg/m3
Air density at 650,000 ft 0.88 kg/m3
Calculate:
1. The specific thrust
2. TSFC
3. The exit velocity
9 The maximum range of an aircraft is given by the relation: Remember CO1 CLO6
Smax=(Vg/TSFC) (1/g)(L/D) ln(m1/m2) where Vg is the air relative speed
including the effect of wind as shown in figure for either head wind or tail
wind conditions:
1. Calculate the mass of fuel consumed during a trip where its range is 4000
km, flight speed
is 250 m/s, L/D = 10, TSFC = 0.08 kg/N/h, and m1 = 50, 000 kg in the
following
two cases:
(i) Head wind = 50 m/s
(ii) Tail wind = 50 m/s
2. Calculate the time for such a trip in the above two cases.
S.NO QUESTIONS Blooms Course Course
Taxonomy Outcomes Learning
Level Outcomes
10 Turbofan engine is powering an aircraft flying at Mach number 0.9, at an Remember CO1 CLO7
altitude of 33,000 ft, where the ambient temperature and pressure are
−50.4°and 26.2 kPa. The engine by pass ratio is 3, and the hot airflow passing
through the engine core is 22.7 kg/s. Preliminary analysis provided the
following results:
Fuel-to-air ratio f = 0.015, Pec= 55.26 kPauec= 339.7 m/s Aec= 0.299m2, Peh=
32.56kPa ueh= 452 m/s Aeh= 0.229 m2, Calculate the thrust force and the
propulsive efficiency using the first and second expressions.

MODULE –II
INLETS AND COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
Part – A (Short Answer Questions)
1 What is the function of diffuser? Remember CO 2 CLO 9
2 Draw neat sketch of operating conditions of subsonic inlet? Remember CO 2 CLO 9
3 Write some of major design variables for the inlet. Remember CO 2 CLO 10
4 Describe about inlet flow distortion. Understand CO 2 CLO 10
5 Write typical modes of supersonic inlet operation. Understand CO 2 CLO 8
6 What is mean by buzz? Understand CO 2 CLO 8
7 Classify types of combustion chamber. Understand CO 2 CLO 12
8 What are all the major components of combustion chamber? Understand CO 2 CLO 12
9 Differentiate between annular and cannular type combustion chamber? Understand CO 2 CLO 11
10 What is the function of fuel injector? Remember CO 2 CLO 11
11 Describe about flame holder and its function Remember CO 2 CLO 8
12 Define stoichiometric ratio. Remember CO 2 CLO 9
13 Define combustion efficiency. Remember CO 2 CLO 10
14 Define equivalence ratio Understand CO 2 CLO 11
15 Define combustion intensity Understand CO 2 CLO 12
16 Write different types of internal flow in straight walled diffuser. Remember CO 2 CLO 9
17 What is the function of swirl vanes in combustion chamber? Remember CO 2 CLO 10
18 Describe the function of liner in combustion chamber. Understand CO 2 CLO 11
19 Write different types of subsonic inlets. Understand CO 2 CLO 12
20 Write different types of supersonic inlets. Remember CO 2 CLO 9
Part - B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Describe about subsonic inlet function and modes of operation with neat Remember CO 2 CLO 8
sketch.
2 What is nacelle? What is its purpose? Explain the subsonic inlet nomenclature Remember CO 2 CLO 8
with neat and labeled sketch.
3 What do you understand by isentropic efficiency of a diffuser? Does the Understand CO 2 CLO 09
change in enthalpy change the kinetic energy? Justify
4 Write short note on starting problem in supersonic inlets. Are the problems Remember CO 2 CLO 10
predominant in any other forms of inlet?
5 Write short notes on shock swallowing by area variation. What are the adverse Remember CO 2 CLO 10
effects of shocks? Explain.
6 Write short notes on the different types of combustion chamber with neat and Understand CO 2 CLO 12
labeled sketch.
7 What do you understand by buzz? What are the factors influencing combustion Remember CO 2 CLO 11
chamber design.
S.NO QUESTIONS Blooms Course Course
Taxonomy Outcomes Learning
Level Outcomes
8 What do you understand by stoichiometric ratio? Write short notes on flame Remember CO 2 CLO 12
stabilization in combustion chamber.
9 Explain the functions of each component in gas turbine combustion chamber. Understand CO 2 CLO 9
Draw a suitable sketch for it.
10 What do you understand by equivalence ratio? Write the advantages and Understand CO 2 CLO 9
disadvantages of the various types of combustion chamber.
11 Explain in short about the combustion efficiency. Write in details about the Remember CO 2 CLO 10
properties desired for combustion chamber.
12 Write short notes on Understand CO 2 CLO 12
a) Combustion process
b) Ignition and
c) Combustion stability.
13 Write short notes on Remember CO 2 CLO 11
(i) Inlet total pressure ratio
(ii) Inlet sizing
(iii) Inlet flow distortion.
14 Explain in detail about types of flow in straight-walled diffusers with neat and Remember CO 2 CLO 12
labeled sketch.
15 Write short note on combustion stability. Explain in detail about combustion Understand CO 2 CLO 9
chamber stability limits with neat sketch.
16 Explain about the spillage and flame drag. Write short notes on flame tube Understand CO 2 CLO 9
cooling and fuel injection.
17 Describe about the isentropic efficiency of a diffuser. Write short notes on inlet Understand CO 2 CLO 9
stalling and their effect on engine performance.
18 Explain in detail about different types of supersonic inlets with neat sketch. Remember CO 2 CLO 10
How does the variation differ from one inlet to another?
19 Write short notes on Understand CO 2 CLO 12
(i) Padded intake
(ii) Integrated intake
(iii) Flush intake
20 What do you understand by ram effect? Describe in detail about different types Remember CO 2 CLO 10
of drag due to inlets.
Part - C (Analytical Questions)
1 Aturbofan engine during ground ingests airflowat the rate ofm˙∞ = 500 kg/s Remember CO 2 CLO 9
through an inlet area (A1) of 3.0 m2. If the ambient conditions (T∞, P∞) are
288 K and 100 kPa, respectively, calculate the area ratio (A∞/A1) for different
free stream Mach numbers. What is the value of the Machnumber where the
capture area is equal to the inlet area? Draw the air stream tube for different
Mach numbers.
2 An aircraft powered by turbo fan engine flying at a Mach number of 0.9 and Remember CO 2 CLO 12
altitude of 11 km where the ambient temperature and pressure are respectively
−56.5◦C and 22.632 kPa. The mass ingested into the engine is now 235 kg/s. If
the diffuser efficiency is 0.9 and the Mach number at the fan face is 0.45,
calculate the following:
1. The capture area
2. The static pressures at the inlet and fan face
3 Derive the equations for performance of subsonic inlets. Draw a neat sketch of Remember CO 2 CLO 8
the various supersonic inlets.
4 Write short notes on Understand CO 2 CLO 9
1. Pressure loss2. Combustion efficiency
3. Isentropic efficiency of a diffuser4. Combustion instability
S.NO QUESTIONS Blooms Course Course
Taxonomy Outcomes Learning
Level Outcomes
5 Enumerate Buzz phenomenon in supersonic inlets. What is the importance of a Understand CO 2 CLO 8
swirl vane on a combustion chamber?
6 Classify combustion chambers and elaborate on each type of combustion Understand CO 2 CLO 11
chamber with highlights on each type.
7 For the mixed compression two-dimensional supersonic inlet shown, the free Remember CO 2 CLO 10
stream Mach number is 3.0. Three-shock system (two oblique and normal
shocks) reduces the speed from supersonic to subsonic speeds. Calculate the
overall total pressure ratio.
8 An aircraft powered by turbo fan engine flying at a Mach number of 0.9 and Remember CO 2 CLO 12
altitude of 11 km where the ambient temperature and pressure are respectively
−56.5◦C and 22.632 kPa. The mass ingested into the engine is now 235 kg/s. If
the diffuser efficiency is 0.9 and the Mach number at the fan face is 0.45,
calculate the following:
1.The air speed at the same stations
2.The diffuser pressure recovery factor
9 Elaborate on Understand CO 2 CLO7
1.Combustion stability
2. Combustion intensity
10 An aircraft powered by turbo fan engine flying at a Mach number of 0.8 and Remember CO 2 CLO 12
altitude of 11 km where the ambient temperature and pressure are respectively
−55.5◦C and 23.32 kPa. The mass ingested into the engine is now 250 kg/s. If
the diffuser efficiency is 0.89 and the Mach number at the fan face is 0.50,
calculate the following:
1.The air speed at the same stations
2.The diffuser pressure recovery factor

MODULE –III
NOZZLES
Part – A (Short Answer Questions)
1 Define nozzle. Understand CO 3 CLO 13
2 Write types of nozzle. Understand CO 3 CLO 13
3 Write any three requirements a nozzle should fulfill. Remember CO 3 CLO 14
4 What is the condition for nozzle choking Remember CO 3 CLO 14
5 What is the maximum Mach number a convergent nozzle can deliver and why? Remember CO 3 CLO 14
6 Define characteristics Mach number. Remember CO 3 CLO 13
7 Define over-expanded nozzle for convergent nozzle Understand CO 3 CLO 13
8 Describe under-expanded nozzle. Understand CO 3 CLO 13
9 Describe over-expanded nozzle. Understand CO 3 CLO 13
10 Define thrust vectoring? Understand CO3 CLO 14
11 Define under-expansion Understand CO3 CLO 14
12 What is the need for variable area nozzle? Understand CO 3 CLO 13
13 Write different techniques used to create variable area nozzle. Understand CO 3 CLO 13
14 Describe about thrust reversal. Remember CO 3 CLO 14
15 What is the need for thrust reversal Remember CO 3 CLO 14
16 What is under expanded condition? Remember CO3 CLO 14
17 What is the need for variable area nozzle? Remember CO3 CLO14
18 What is impulse-to-weight ratio? Remember CO3 CLO 13
19 Define C* (cee-star) and state its equation Understand CO3 CLO 14
20 What is characteristics Mach number Remember CO3 CLO 13
S.NO QUESTIONS Blooms Course Course
Taxonomy Outcomes Learning
Level Outcomes
Part - B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Write short notes on convergent and convergent divergent nozzle along with an Remember CO 3 CLO 13
illustration.
2 Explain theory of flow through nozzle and illustration to show the flow Remember CO 3 CLO 13
through nozzle.
3 Write brief note on nozzle choking and illustrate with a labeled diagram, the Remember CO 3 CLO 14
conditions.
4 Draw with a labeled diagram and explain operating conditions of convergent- Remember CO 3 CLO 14
divergent nozzle.
5 Explain various methods used for thrust reversal, with a labeled diagram for Understand CO 3 CLO 14
each process.
6 Explain different technique available for producing variable Mach number at Understand CO 3 CLO 13
the nozzle exit.
7 Write short notes on thrust reversal and illustrate with a labeled diagram for Understand CO 3 CLO 14
each case.
8 Explain about various methods used for thrust reversal with a labeled diagram Understand CO 3 CLO 14
for each method.
9 Write short notes on thrust vectoring and illustrate with a labeled diagram Understand CO 3 CLO 13
showing the various thrust vectoring methods.
10 Describe the theory of flow in isentropic nozzle and the working principle of Understand CO 3 CLO 13
the nozzle.
11 A fixed area convergent-divergent nozzle can deliver different Mach number. Remember CO 3 CLO 14
Explain.
12 Explain how over-expanded operating condition is possible for convergent Remember CO 3 CLO 13
nozzle.
13 Will there be any wave formation in correctly expanded nozzle. Justify your Understand CO 3 CLO 13
answer.
14 What is the condition for convergent-divergent nozzle to deliver supersonic Understand CO 3 CLO 13
Mach number?
15 Brief about the theory of flow through nozzle and derive an equation for the Remember CO 3 CLO 13
showing the flow through nozzle.
16 Write brief note on nozzle choking and illustrate with a labeled diagram, the Remember CO 3 CLO 14
conditions.
17 Derive an equation for the flow through nozzle and explain its operating Remember CO 3 CLO 14
conditions with a diagram.
18 How is thrust reversal achieved? Is thrust vectoring similar to thrust reversal? Understand CO 3 CLO 14
Justify your answer.
19 What is the need for variable area nozzle? Explain your answer justifying the Understand CO 3 CLO 14
need to introduce such a nozzle.
20 Write short notes on effective exhaust velocity. Determine why C* is an Understand CO 3 CLO 13
important characteristic in determining exhaust velocity.
Part - C (Analytical Questions)
1 Aturbojet engine powering an aircraft flying at an altitude of 11,000mwhere Ta Remember CO 3 CLO 14
= 216.7K and Pa = 24.444 kPa. The flight Mach number is 0.9. The inlet
conditions to the nozzle are 1000 K and 60 kPa. The specific heat ratio of air
and gases at nozzle are 1.4 and 4/3. The nozzle efficiency is 0.98. Determine
the thrust per inlet frontal area for C-D nozzle.
2 Derive the equation for mass flow rate across nozzle with appropriate diagram Understand CO 3 CLO 13
for understanding the flow through nozzle.
3 Derive area Mach number relation with clearly determining each nomenclature Remember CO 3 CLO 13
and its importance.
S.NO QUESTIONS Blooms Course Course
Taxonomy Outcomes Learning
Level Outcomes
4 Prove that the force developed by thrust reversal during landing is given by Remember CO 3 CLO 14

5 Derive equation for nozzle efficiency and explain in detail, the losses in the Understand CO 3 CLO 13
nozzle, undermining the nomenclature.
6 An aircraft which is flying at an altitude of 10,000m, is powered by a turbojet Remember CO 3 CLO 14
engine. where Ta = 218K and Pa = 25kPa. The flight Mach number is found to
be 0.92. The inlet conditions to the nozzle were found to be 1010 K and 58kPa.
The specific heat ratio of air and gases at nozzle are 1.4 and 4/3. The nozzle
efficiency is 0.98. Find the thrust per inlet frontal area for C-D nozzle.
7 What do you understand by characteristic Mach number, and favorable Understand CO 3 CLO 13
pressure gradient? Also explain correctly expanded condition.
8 Derive area Mach number relation with clearly determining each nomenclature Remember CO 3 CLO 13
and its importance.
9 State the forces developed by thrust reversal during landing and give an Remember CO 3 CLO 14
equation where Vf is the flight speed and Vj is the exhaust speed, f is the fuel-
to-air ratio, and β is theinclination of the exhaust gases leaving the buckets
measured from the engine longitudinal axis.
10 Calculate the dragging force developed by thrust reversers of the two engine Understand CO 3 CLO 13
aircraft in the following case m˙ a = 50 kg/s, f = 0.02, β = 60◦, Vj= 600 m/s and Vf
= 80 m/s.

MODULE -IV
COMPRESSORS
Part – A (Short Answer Questions)
1 What is the function of compressor? Remember CO 4 CLO 15
2 What is the difference between axial and centrifugal compressor? Remember CO 4 CLO 15
3 What are the different diffusers used in centrifugal compressor? Remember CO 4 CLO 15
4 Describe about slip factor. Remember CO 4 CLO 16
5 Define compressor stall Remember CO 4 CLO 16
6 Define surge Remember CO 4 CLO 16
7 Describe about rotating stall Understand CO 4 CLO17
8 Define degree of reaction. Understand CO 4 CLO 17
9 What are Stage parameters you know? Understand CO 4 CLO 17
10 Define flow coefficient. Understand CO 4 CLO 15
11 Define stage loading Understand CO 4 CLO 16
12 How number of stages calculated in axial flow compressor. Understand CO 4 CLO 16
13 Define blade efficiency Remember CO 4 CLO 17
14 Define stage efficiency for compressor. Remember CO 4 CLO 17
15 Describe about compressor cascade. Remember CO 4 CLO 15
16 What do you understand by isentropic efficiency of a compressor? Remember CO4 CLO 15
17 Define polytropic efficiency of a compressor. Remember CO4 CLO 15
18 What do you understand by surge in compressor? Remember CO4 CLO 16
19 What is IGV and why is it provided? Understand CO4 CLO 16
20 Define hysteresis. Understand CO4 CLO 17
Part – B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Write short notes on principle of operation of centrifugal compressor and Remember CO 4 CLO 15
illustrate a labeled diagram of a compressor
2 Explain about basic operation of axial flow compressor and illustrate a labeled Remember CO 4 CLO 15
diagram of a compressor
S.NO QUESTIONS Blooms Course Course
Taxonomy Outcomes Learning
Level Outcomes
3 Explain about factors affecting stage pressure ratio. Do you think that stage Remember CO 4 CLO 17
pressuring ratio is needed?
4 Write (a) advantages of centrifugal compressor over axial flow compressor. Understand CO 4 CLO 15
(b)advantages of axial flow compressor over centrifugal compressor.
5 Draw the velocity diagram of axial and centrifugal compressor, and neatly Remember CO 4 CLO 16
label each part.
6 Write a brief note on performance characteristics of axial and centrifugal Remember CO 4 CLO 16
compressor.
7 Write short notes on Understand CO 4 CLO 16
(a) Compressor stall
(b) Surge
(c) Rotating stall.
8 Explain about the methods used to control surge. Also differentiate between Remember CO 4 CLO 16
stall and surge in a compressor.
9 Explain in brief the functions of the components in a centrifugal compressor Remember CO 4 CLO 17
with a diagram
10 Explain the variation of enthalpy, pressure, temperature across stator and rotor Understand CO 4 CLO 17
of axial flow compressor with neat sketch.
11 What do you understand by surge in compressor? Is it similar to chocking Remember CO4 CLO 16
condition in the compressor? Justify
12 Define slip factor. Obtain an equation along a labeled diagram showing the Remember CO4 CLO 16
compressor staging.
13 Define hysteresis. Does it relate to stall in a compressor? Justify your answer Understand CO4 CLO 17
with suitable reasoning.
14 What are the advantages of centrifugal flow compressor over the axial flow Understand CO4 CLO 17
compressor? Justify with appropriate reasoning.
15 What is meant by free cortex method? What are the assumptions used for Remember CO4 CLO 16
specific work and constant axial velocity?
16 Describe about basic operation of axial compressor and illustrate with a Remember CO 4 CLO 15
labeled diagram of a compressor
17 Determine the factors affecting stage pressure ratio in a compressor. Is it Remember CO 4 CLO 17
important to stage for pressuring ratio?
18 Draw a neat and labeled velocity diagram of axial and centrifugal compressor, Remember CO 4 CLO 16
and clearly label each section.
19 Write a brief note on performance characteristics of axial and centrifugal Remember CO 4 CLO 16
compressor.
20 Determine the methods used to control the surge in compressor. Is stall and Remember CO 4 CLO 16
surge same in a compressor.
Part - C (Analytical Questions)
1 The following data are suggested as a basis for the design of a single-sided Remember CO 4 CLO 17
centrifugalcompressor:
Power input factor c 1.04, Slip factor s 0.9
Rotational speed N 290 rev/s, Overall diameter of impeller 0.5 m
Eye tip diameter 0.3 m, Eye root diameter 0.15 m
Air mass flow m 9 kg/s, Inlet stagnation temperature T01 295 K
Inlet stagnation pressure p01 1.1 bar, Isentropic efficiency hc 0.78.
(a) determine the pressure ratio of the compressor and thepower required to
drive it assuming that the velocity of the air at the inlet is axial;
(b) to calculate the inlet angle of the impeller vanes at the root and tip radii of
theeye, assuming that the axial inlet velocity is constant across the eye annulus
S.NO QUESTIONS Blooms Course Course
Taxonomy Outcomes Learning
Level Outcomes
2 Derive the equation for work done and pressure rise across centrifugal Remember CO 4 CLO 15
compressor
3 Explain in details about the methods used to control surge. Also differentiate Understand CO 4 CLO 15
between stall and surge in a compressor.
4 Derive the equation for stage efficiency. What are the advantages of centrifugal Understand CO 4 CLO 16
flow compressor over the axial flow compressor? Justify with appropriate
reasoning.
5 Explain in details about the basic operation of axial flow compressor and Remember CO 4 CLO 16
illustrate a labeled diagram of a compressor.
6 A basis for the design of a single-sided centrifugalcompressor gave the Remember CO 4 CLO 17
following data of power input factor c 1.03, slip factor s 0.9, rotational speed N
285 rev/s, overall diameter of impeller 0.4 m, eye tip diameter 0.3 m, eye root
diameter 0.15 m, air mass flow m 10 kg/s, inlet stagnation temperature T01
296 K, inlet stagnation pressure p 12 bar, isentropic efficiency hc 0.79.
Determine the following:-
(a) Pressure ratio of the compressor
(b) the power required to drive it assuming that the velocity of the air at the
inlet is axial
(b) The inlet angle of the impeller vanes at the root and tip radii of the eye,
assuming that the axial inlet velocity is constant across the eye annulus
7 Derive the equation for work done and pressure rise across centrifugal Remember CO 4 CLO 15
compressor
8 Define slip factor. And obtain an equation along a labeled diagram showing the Understand CO 4 CLO 15
compressor staging.
9 Derive the equation for blade efficiency of a compressor and the stage Understand CO 4 CLO 16
efficiency of a compressor
10 Explain in detail about the compressor cascade with a neat and labeled diagram Remember CO 4 CLO 16
showcasing the cascading in a compressor.

MODULE -V
TURBINES
Part - A (Short Answer Questions)
1 What is the function of turbine? Remember CO 5 CLO 18
2 What is the difference between axial flow and radial flow turbine? Remember CO 5 CLO 18
3 Write limitations of radial flow turbine. Remember CO 5 CLO 18
4 Differentiate between turbine and compressor. Remember CO 5 CLO 19
5 Define stage efficiency of turbine. Remember CO 5 CLO 19
6 What is the need for turbine blade cooling? Remember CO 5 CLO 18
7 Write different types of turbine blade cooling. Understand CO 5 CLO 19
8 Describe about profile loss in turbine blade. Understand CO 5 CLO 19
9 What is the function of guide vanes in turbine? Understand CO 5 CLO 18
10 What is the reason for decrease in total pressure across turbine? Understand CO 5 CLO 19
11 Define polytropic efficiency of a turbine. Remember CO5 CLO 18
12 What do you understand by profile loss? Remember CO5 CLO 18
13 Define annulus loss. Understand CO5 CLO 18
14 What do you understand by nacelle? Remember CO5 CLO 18
15 Define ramjet. Remember CO5 CLO 19
16 What is ramjet combustor? Remember CO5 CLO 19
17 Define axial flow. Remember CO5 CLO 19
18 Define radial flow. Understand CO5 CLO 20
19 What do you understand by flame? Remember CO5 CLO 20
20 Define vortex. Understand CO5 CLO 20
S.NO QUESTIONS Blooms Course Course
Taxonomy Outcomes Learning
Level Outcomes
Part - B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Write short notes on principle of operation of axial flow turbine. Explain about Understand CO 5 CLO 18
the polytropic efficiency of a turbine.
2 What do you understand by profile loss? Write short notes on work done and Understand CO 5 CLO 18
pressure rise by radial flow turbine
3 What are the limitations of axial and radial flow turbine? Clearly differentiate Remember CO 5 CLO 19
the two with suitable justification.
4 Write short notes on performance characteristics of turbine. Is an axial flow Remember CO 5 CLO 19
invariably different from a radial flow?
5 Draw a neat and labeled sketch and explain the velocity diagram for axial flow Understand CO 5 CLO 18
turbine. Clearly mention the nomenclature.
6 What do you understand by inlet total pressure? Explain limiting factors in Remember CO 5 CLO 18
turbine blade design.
7 What is the need for turbine blade cooling and explain about different types of Remember CO 5 CLO 19
turbine blade cooling
8 What do you understand by ramjet combustor? Explain about the step by step Understand CO 5 CLO 20
procedure to design a ramjet engine.
9 Explain in brief about the combustion intensity. Write short notes on flame Remember CO 5 CLO 20
stability problems in ramjet combustors.
10 What do you understand by ramjet combustor? Write short notes on integral Remember CO 5 CLO 20
ramjet rocket engine.
11 What is the difference between axial flow and radial flow turbine? Draw a neat Remember CO 5 CLO 18
sketch for both the turbine.
12 What do you understand by annulus loss? What is the reason for decrease in Remember CO 5 CLO 18
total pressure across turbine?
13 What do you understandby micro gas turbine? Why is it used and explain Understand CO 5 CLO 19
about the dimension limitations, if any?
14 What are the flame stability issues in a ramjet combustor? Elucidate on the Remember CO 5 CLO 19
issues and explain about the each in brief.
15 Draw with a neat and labeled sketch of the radial turbine. Elaborate on the Understand CO 5 CLO 18
working principle of the radial turbine.
16 Define stage efficiency of a turbine. Write the limitations of the radial flow Remember CO 5 CLO 18
turbine and compare that with an axial turbine.
17 Draw with a neat and labeled sketch of the axial turbine. Elaborate on the Understand CO 5 CLO 18
working principle of the radial turbine.
18 Explain on the working principle of a turbine and a compressor. Elaborate on Remember CO 5 CLO 19
the differences between turbine and compressor.
19 Differentiate between the closed and open cycle gas turbine. State the Remember CO 5 CLO 19
advantages of closed cycle gas turbine over an open cycle gas turbine.
20 What is the need for turbine blade cooling? Explain about the various types of Remember CO 5 CLO 18
cooling methods available for turbine blade.
Part - C (Analytical Questions)
1 A single stage gas turbine operates at its design condition with an axial Remember CO 5 CLO 18
absolute flow at entry and exit from the stage. The absolute flow angle at the
nozzle exit is 70 deg. At stage entry, the total pressure and temperature are 311
kPa and 850oC respectively. The exhaust static pressure is 100 kPa, the total
to static efficiency is 0.87 and mean blade speed is 500 m/s. Assuming
constant axial velocity through the stage, determine (a) the specific work done
(b) the Mach number leaving the nozzle (c) the axial velocity (d) total to total
efficiency (e) stage reaction.
S.NO QUESTIONS Blooms Course Course
Taxonomy Outcomes Learning
Level Outcomes
2 Combustion gases enter the first stage of a gas turbine at a stagnation Remember CO 5 CLO 19
temperature and pressure of 1200 K and 4.0 bar. The rotor blade tip diameter
is 0.75m, the blade height is 0.12 m and the shaft speed is 10,500 rpm. At the
mean radius the stage operates with a reaction of 50%, a flow coefficient of
0.7and a stage loading coefficient of 2.5. Determine (a) the relative and
absolute flow angles for the stage; (b) the velocity at nozzle exit; (c) the static
temperature and pressure at nozzle exit assuming a nozzle efficiency of 0.96
and the mass flow.
3 A single stage axial flow turbine operates with an inlet temperature of 1100 K Remember CO 5 CLO 19
and total pressure of 3.4 bar. The total temperature drop across the stage is 144
K and the isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 0.9. The mean blade speed is
298 m/s and the mass flow rate is 18.75 kg/s. The turbine operates with a
rotational speed of 12000 rpm. If the convergent nozzle is operating under
choked condition determine (a) blade-loading coefficient (b) pressure ratio of
the stage and (c) flow angles.
4 A multi-stage axial turbine is to be designed with impulse stages and is to Remember CO 5 CLO 20
operate with an inlet pressure and temperature of 6 bar and 900 K and outlet
pressure of 1 bar. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 85 %. All the
stages are to have a nozzle outlet angle of 75oand equal inlet and outlet rotor
blade angles. Mean blade speed is 250 m/s and the axial velocity is 150 m/s
and is a constant across the turbine. Estimate the number for stages required
for this turbine.
5 A pulsejet engine is employed in powering a vehicle flying at a Mach number Remember CO 5 CLO 18
of 2 at an altitude of 40,000 ft. The engine has an inlet area 0.084 m2. The
pressure ratio at combustion chamber is P03/P02 = 9, fuel heating value is
43,000 kJ/kg, and combustion efficiency is 0.96. Assuming ideal diffuser (P02
= P0a), it is required to calculate
6 A single stage gas turbine operates at its design condition with an axial Remember CO 5 CLO 18
absolute flow at entry and exit from the stage. The absolute flow angle at the
nozzle exit is 70 deg. At stage entry, the total pressure and temperature are 311
kPa and 850oC respectively. The exhaust static pressure is 100 kPa, the total
to static efficiency is 0.87 and mean blade speed is 500 m/s. Assuming
constant axial velocity through the stage, determine (a) the specific work done
(b) the Mach number leaving the nozzle (c) the axial velocity (d) total to total
efficiency (e) stage reaction.
7 Combustion gases enter the first stage of a gas turbine at a stagnation Remember CO 5 CLO 19
temperature and pressure of 1200 K and 4.0 bar. The rotor blade tip diameter
is 0.75m, the blade height is 0.12 m and the shaft speed is 10,500 rpm. At the
mean radius the stage operates with a reaction of 50%, a flow coefficient of
0.7and a stage loading coefficient of 2.5.
Determine (a) the relative and absolute flow angles for the stage; (b) the
velocity at nozzle exit; (c) the static temperature and pressure at nozzle exit
assuming a nozzle efficiency of 0.96 and the mass flow.
8 A single stage axial flow turbine operates with an inlet temperature of 1100 K Remember CO 5 CLO 19
and total pressure of 3.4 bar. The total temperature drop across the stage is 144
K and the isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 0.9. The mean blade speed is
298 m/s and the mass flow rate is 18.75 kg/s. The turbine operates with a
rotational speed of 12000 rpm. If the convergent nozzle is operating under
choked condition determine (a) blade-loading coefficient (b) pressure ratio of
the stage and (c) flow angles.
S.NO QUESTIONS Blooms Course Course
Taxonomy Outcomes Learning
Level Outcomes
9 A multi-stage axial turbine is to be designed with impulse stages and is to Remember CO 5 CLO 20
operate with an inlet pressure and temperature of 6 bar and 900 K and outlet
pressure of 1 bar. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 85 %. All the
stages are to have a nozzle outlet angle of 75oand equal inlet and outlet rotor
blade angles. Mean blade speed is 250 m/s and the axial velocity is 150 m/s
and is a constant across the turbine. Estimate the number for stages required
for this turbine.
10 A pulsejet engine is employed in powering a vehicle flying at a Mach number Remember CO 5 CLO 18
of 2 at an altitude of 40,000 ft. The engine has an inlet area 0.084 m2. The
pressure ratio at combustion chamber is P03/P02 = 9, fuel heating value is
43,000 kJ/kg, and combustion efficiency is 0.96. Assuming ideal diffuser (P02
= P0a), it is required to calculate

Prepared by:
Dr. Maruthu Pandian, Associate Professor
Dr. Prashant GK, Associate Professor HOD, AE