GeoTree SolutionsT RenewWrap® FRP Installation Manual
GeoTree SolutionsT RenewWrap® FRP Installation Manual
1.0 (1/20/2018)
RENEWWRAP®
INSTALLATION MANUAL
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
Contact Details:
Company Representatives
Tony Pivo, Civil Products Sales Manager [email protected]
(312)330-5518
www.GeoTreeSolutions.com/
THIS MANUAL IS STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL AND NO PART THEREOF SHALL BE COPIED
OR DISCLOSED TO A THIRD PARTY WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION
of GeoTree Solutions, LLC.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
Table of Contents
Contact Details: ............................................................................................................................... 2
Company Representatives .......................................................................................................... 2
GeoTree ......................................................................................... 2
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 5
Project Support ............................................................................................................................... 5
Bidding Considerations ................................................................................................................... 6
Pre‐Installation Planning ................................................................................................................. 7
Safety .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Storage and Handling of Materials ................................................................................................. 7
Reinforcing Fabrics ...................................................................................................................... 7
Resins ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Substrate Repairs ............................................................................................................................ 8
Corrosion Related Damage ......................................................................................................... 8
Spall Repairs ................................................................................................................................ 8
Crack Repairs ............................................................................................................................... 8
Surface Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 8
Mock‐up (If required by EOR) ..................................................................................................... 8
Concrete ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Masonry ....................................................................................................................................... 9
Plaster ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Pictorial Overview of Basic Installation Steps to Concrete ........................................................... 11
Installation of RenewWrap Fabric Reinforcements ...................................................................... 16
Environmental Conditions ......................................................................................................... 16
Temperature ............................................................................................................................. 16
Moisture Vapor Transmission ................................................................................................... 16
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
Tenting and Heating .................................................................................................................. 16
Detailed Installation Steps ............................................................................................................ 17
Application of Primer (Optional) ............................................................................................... 17
Application of Paste (when applicable) ..................................................................................... 17
Cutting and Storing Reinforcement Sheets ............................................................................... 18
Mixing Saturant Resin ............................................................................................................... 18
Impregnating Fabric on Substrate ............................................................................................. 19
Pre‐Impregnating Fabric by Hand ............................................................................................. 19
Pre‐Impregnating Fabric with Machine .................................................................................... 20
Protection of Installed FRP ........................................................................................................... 20
Field Quality Control ..................................................................................................................... 20
Supervision ................................................................................................................................ 20
Inspection for Voids/Delaminations ......................................................................................... 20
Repair of Damaged or Defective Areas ..................................................................................... 21
Equipment List .............................................................................................................................. 22
Recommended Method for Fabricating Test Panels .................................................................... 23
Description and Purpose ........................................................................................................... 23
Supplies and Tools ..................................................................................................................... 23
Working Surface ........................................................................................................................ 23
General Procedure .................................................................................................................... 23
Post Lay‐up ................................................................................................................................ 25
Pictorial Overview of Witness Panel Fabrication .......................................................................... 26
Introduction
The installation of the CS-NRI RenewWrap ESR FRP strengthening system, including all
constituent materials are based on the guidelines presented in the following documents:
ACI 440.2R, Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for
Strengthening Concrete Structures
ACI 440.7R, Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for
Strengthening Unreinforced Masonry Structures
Project Support
GeoTree is available to assist you at all stages of your project. We offer the following support:
Concept development and feasibility analysis: We will work closely with you and the
Engineer‐of‐Record (EOR) to help determine if RenewWrap® ESR FRP strengthening
systems are an appropriate solution and provide design, detailing and specification
guidance.
Validation testing: The physical and mechanical testing labs are uniquely
positioned to provide a wide range of test support. Our 250‐kip load frame has the
capability of testing large scale structures to validate design details unique to your project.
Bid support: CS-NRI is available to help you interpret bid documents, provide
design/analysis support to determine the FRP requirements, submit clarification
questions to the EOR, support material substitution requests
Post‐bid support: We will work closely with you to prepare the submittal packages and
address any questions/concerns raised by the EOR.
Training: We train all RenewWrap® ESR installation contractors to insure your projects
are successful. We train you to install the RenewWrap® ESR system and conduct QC
inspections/tests.
Field support: We can travel to your project as you begin the installation work to provide
refresher training and to observe the installation.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
Bidding Considerations
Due to the nature of the custom design, standardized methods for detailing and specifying FRP
systems on bid documents do not exist. Projects may range from prescriptive to performance
to analyze‐design‐build. RenewWrap® installation contractors should study the project
documents very carefully prior to developing and submitting any price proposal. Some things
to consider when preparing your bid:
Prescriptive specification: The project documents detail and specify one or
more competitive products by name or list requires minimum properties for the FRP.
CS-NRI will help you determine which RenewWrap product meets the
requirements and if modifications to the details are required. For instance, the
number of layers may be reduced in half by proposing a heavier weight fabric
reinforcement from what was specified.
Bid quantities: Many project documents will include a bid quantity in square footage. It
is essential to understand if the square footage is based on the surface area or the total
area of FRP. For multiple layer projects, this could lead to underestimating the quantity
of FRP if the bid quantity is based on coverage area.
Contact‐critical or bond‐critical: Surface preparation is a big part of any FRP project. For
that reason, it is essential to identify which members are contact‐critical and which are
bond‐critical so you can base your bid on an appropriate surface preparation strategy.
Submittals: Most all projects require some submittals. For many FRP projects, submittal
requirements may include calculations and shop drawings sealed by a local, licensed
engineer. CS-NRI can help you identify a local engineer that you can contract directly
with to provide this service. You will need to be sure to include this fee in your bid.
GeoTree Solutions offers engineering support to assist you with the interpretation of
the FRP requirements on bid documents.
6
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a 3rd
party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
Pre‐Installation Planning
• Assemble all tools, equipment, required documents and copy of project specifications
and drawings.
• Clear work area providing adequate work space and protect all surfaces not receiving
repairs with plastic sheeting.
• Additional protective measures may be required where carbon fabrics are used around
electrical equipment.
• Establish location away from dirt dust for cutting and storing carbon fabrics.
• Establish area for mixing resins
• Fabric for small installations not requiring use of saturator may be pre‐cut and stored
flat or on a roll of no less than 8‐inch radius.
• Maintain on site all SDS, safety and emergency instructions for
• Protective clothing and appropriate PPE to be worn for duration of job
• For exceptional environmental conditions, consult with CS-NRI for guidance.
Safety
RenewWrap® carbon fabrics are non‐reactive. Wear appropriate PPE and use caution when
handling since fine carbon dust may be present on surface of fabric. SDS are available and
should be consulted for additional information.
Consult with SDS for all products used on the job site and follow project specific safety
requirements.
Storage and Handling of Materials
Reinforcing Fabrics
RenewWrap® ESR reinforcing fabrics should be stored in a cool, dry place at 50‐90 °F (10‐32 °C)
on a roll suspended in a box away from flame or other hazards.
7
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree Solutions, LLC, solely for the use of our clients; it is not to
be shared with a 3rd party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
Resins
RenewWrap® ESR resins should be stored in a cool, dry place at 50‐90 °F (10‐32 °C) away from
flame or other hazards. Shelf life is 24 months when properly stored in unopened packaging.
Consult with SDS for all products used on the job site and follow project specific safety
requirements.
Substrate Repairs
A sound substrate is essential to the proper behavior of the FRP strengthening system. The
root cause(s) of deterioration should be addressed as part of an overall repair strategy prior to
installing the FRP system. All repairs should meet the project requirements .
Corrosion Related Damage
If corrosion of the existing steel reinforcement exists, the steel and concrete must be repaired
before installation of the FRP. Any deteriorated concrete or corroding reinforcing steel must be
repaired per ICRI Guideline #03730. DO NOT COVER CORRODING REINFORCING STEEL WITH
FRP.
Spall Repairs
Unsound area of the concrete substrate (such as broken pieces, delaminated areas, etc.)
must be removed to reveal sound material.
Voids in the concrete substrate greater than 0.50 in (500 mm) in depth must be filled
with an appropriate repair mortar. The repair material shall be selected per ICRI
Guideline #03733 and the project requirements.
If required, the bond strength of the repair material to the existing concrete may be
verified with pull testing per ASTM D4541. Minimum direct pull‐off strength required is
200 psi (1.4 MPa).
Crack Repairs
Cracks in the concrete substrate greater than 0.010 in (0.25mm) wide must be injected
with epoxy or similar material approved by the Engineer of Record.
Surface Preparation
Mock‐up (If required by EOR)
To determine the suitability of the selected surface preparation method the Contractor may
prepare a representative sample area using the proposed surface preparation techniques.
Adhesion tests may be done to check the bond of the FRP to the surface. The mock‐up area
may be used as a reference standard depicting a satisfactorily prepared substrate.
8
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree Solutions, LLC, for the use of our clients; it is not to be
shared with a 3rd party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
Concrete
Remove concrete surface irregularities (offsets, form lines, etc.) to less than 0.04”
(1mm) which is about the thickness of a credit card.
When fiber reinforcement is run around outside corners or edges, these corners must
be rounded to a radius of no less than 0.5 in (15mm). Application of fiber reinforcement
around inside corners shall be avoided. No detailing is required if fiber is run parallel to
corners.
For bond‐critical applications where bond of the FRP to the concrete substrate is
required for structural performance, the surface of the concretes substrate must be
profiled using a suitable surface preparation technique to produce a minimum ICRI CSP
3 (refer to ICRI Guideline #03732). Abrasive blasting, high pressure water blasting,
and/or disc grinding have been shown to be effective at achieving the desired surface
profile.
Surface materials (laitance, surface lubricants, broken mortar pieces, paint coatings,
staining, etc.) must be removed.
Dust generated from surface preparation must be removed using a clean air (oil‐free
compressor) blower or other suitable means. If the dust has been removed by means of
water washing, the surface must be thoroughly dried. Surface must be dry prior to
installing FRP.
For contact‐critical applications where the structural performance relies only on the
bond of the FRP to itself at lap splices, the substrate must be cleaned of any dust,
debris, or laitance. All corners must be rounded to a to a radius of no less than 0.5 in
(15mm).
Masonry
Surface materials (laitance, surface lubricants, broken mortar pieces, paint coatings,
staining, etc.) must be removed and all dust removed using a clean air blower or other
suitable means. If the dust has been removed by means of water washing, the surface
must be thoroughly dried.
Care must be taken to avoid excessive removal of mortar during abrasive blasting.
Uneven surface irregularities (offsets) must be ground and smoothed to less than 0.04 in
(1 mm)
9
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree solely for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a
3rd party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
When fiber reinforcement is run around outside corners or edges, these corners must
be rounded to a radius of no less than 0.5 in (15 mm). Application of fiber
reinforcement around inside corners shall be avoided. No detailing is required if fiber is
run parallel to corners.
Plaster
Although not recommended, FRP shall be applied to plaster ONLY when specified by the EOR,
and only in contact‐critical applications, never in bond‐critical applications.
Surface materials (laitance, surface lubricants, broken mortar pieces, paint coatings,
staining, etc.) must be removed and all dust removed using a clean air blower or other
suitable means. If the dust has been removed by means of water washing, the surface
must be thoroughly dried.
Voids, missing plaster, etc. shall be patched with an appropriate patching compound.
Uneven surface irregularities (offsets) must be ground and smoothed to less than 0.04 in
(1 mm).
When fiber reinforcement is run around outside corners or edges, these corners must
be rounded to a radius of no less than 0.5 in (13 mm). Application of fiber
reinforcement around inside corners shall be avoided. No detailing is required if fiber is
run parallel to corners.
10
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a 3rd
party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
Pictorial Overview of Basic Installation Steps to Concrete
1. Application of RenewWrap® Saturant to concrete as primer coat
2. Application of paste or putty to fill small voids or bug holes (when applicable)
11
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree solely for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a
3rd party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
3. Cutting, slitting and storing reinforcement sheets
4. Mixing RenewWrap Saturant
12
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a 3rd
party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
5. Wet‐out fabric in Situ
6. Pre‐Impregnate fabric by hand
13
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree solely for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a
3rd party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
7. Pre‐Impregnating fabric with machine
8. Apply fabric to concrete substrate
Carefully align the fibers in the direction required by the project drawings. Work out air
bubbles by rolling in the direction of the fibers with a fin roller or squeegee.
14
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a 3rd
party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
9. Protect the Installed FRP
The installed FRP must be protected from rain, direct sunlight, dust, sand, etc. for 24
hours or until the resin is tack free.
15
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree solely for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a
3rd party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
Installation of RenewWrap Fabric Reinforcements
Following is a check list of installation tips that should be followed when possible:
Contractors may install the RenewWrap ESR system using various techniques provided
sufficient wet‐out of the fabrics can be demonstrated. Wet lay‐up may be done in situ on the
surface of the concrete or masonry member to be strengthened or by pre‐saturating fabrics by
hand or with a machine. Contractors may elect the most appropriate method based on project
conditions and fabric types.
• RenewWrap® FRP strengthening systems are installed using wet lay‐up techniques by
hand or by a machine intended to impregnate the fabrics with resin.
• Installation of RenewWrap® FRP strengthening systems shall follow the guidelines
shown in this document unless superseded by project specifications. For instance,
CALTRANs requires all fabrics be pre‐saturated by hand or by machine and heavier
weight fabrics, like 600 gsm fabrics be pre‐saturated by machine prior to applying to the
structure.
• The various resins and plies of the RenewWrap® FRP strengthening system may be
installed before the preceding coat or ply fully cures. If the preceding layers are allowed
to cure minor surface preparation may be required to before applying additional layers.
Environmental Conditions
Temperature
RenewWrap® FRP systems include 2‐part epoxy resins whose workability and curing time are
influenced by temperature. The ideal application temperature is around 70 F but the system
may be applied between 50‐100F by taking precautions.
Moisture Vapor Transmission
Moisture vapor transmission is a common issue whenever epoxy coatings are applied to porous
surfaces like concrete or masonry when the temperature is rising. To reduce the impact of
moisture vapor transmission, the FRP should be installed as the temperature starts to fall.
Typically, MVT is not an issue in indoor applications.
Tenting and Heating
For cold temperature applications projects areas should be tented and heated using a clean
heat source like electric or propane. Never use kerosene heaters.
16
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a 3rd party
without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
Detailed Installation Steps
The following sections provide a detailed procedure for the installation of the RenewWrap
ESR FRP Strengthening System. For additional information on any section, please contact an
CS-NRI representative.
Application of Primer (Optional)
Primer is not required to meet adhesion requirements for most concrete and masonry
substrates. It may be used to promote adhesion on difficult surfaces or to seal the surface to
reduce moisture vapor transmission. It is recommended to perform adhesion tests to
determine verify adhesion strength. A thin coat of RenewWrap Saturant may be used as a
primer.
All surfaces must be clean, dry and free of all dust and debris.
Mix epoxy primer in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. At the discretion of
the contractor, saturant may be used as primer. Mix only the quantity of primer that can
be used within its batch life. Batch life will be reduced in higher temperatures and when
mixed in higher volumes. Adjust batch size accordingly. Do not use any epoxy, which has
exceeded its batch life.
To avoid allowing primer to cure prior to FRP application, apply primer only to surfaces
which will be laminated within 2 hours.
Constituent parts must be accurately metered and thoroughly mixed for between 2 and
3 minutes. For large batches (over 1‐gallon) use a mechanical mixer.
Apply primer to repair surfaces with a medium nap roller or non‐shedding brush. Apply
2nd coat, if needed, to areas, which have thoroughly absorbed the 1st coat.
Using a brush, stipple primer into any voids, bug holes, etc.
When priming masonry, particular attention must be paid to priming the mortar.
Application of Paste (when applicable)
Paste is typically used to fill small voids, bug holes, or to smooth otherwise irregular surfaces.
If primer is used, then apply primer prior to paste. Primer, which has cured for over 24
hours, must be abraded with a light sand sweep, sandpaper or abrasive pad.
Mix epoxy putty/paste in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Mix only the
quantity of filler that can be used within its batch life. Batch life will be reduced in higher
temperatures and when mixed in higher volumes. Adjust batch size accordingly. Do not
use any epoxy, which has exceeded its batch life.
17
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree solely for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a
3rd party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
To avoid allowing filler to cure prior to FRP application, apply paste only to surfaces, which
will be laminated prior to filler becoming tack free.
Constituent parts must be accurately metered and thoroughly mixed for between 2 and
3 minutes. For large batches (over 1 gallon) use a mechanical mixer.
Apply filler to surface voids using a steel or stiff plastic spreader. Ensure all voids and
offsets are thoroughly filled and excess filler is removed.
Only the mortar lines need be filled on masonry, except for large offsets.
Cutting and Storing Reinforcement Sheets
1. Use caution when cutting or working with carbon fiber around electrical equipment
since carbon fibers are electrically conductive.
2. It is recommended to pre‐cut fabrics to desired lengths/widths prior to application.
3. Carefully unroll fabric to desired length and cut using a utility knife or industrial scissors.
4. If a narrower fabric is desired the fabric may be carefully slit with a utility knife. Gently
separate the slit sections to avoid excessive fraying the edges. For large applications, CS-
NRI can supply fabric with our EZ‐Slit™ slitting zones.
5. Cut fabric should be stored flat on a clean surface or rolled on a tube with a diameter
greater than 4”. Fabric should be stored away from foot traffic.
Mixing Saturant Resin
Follow mixing instructions shown on technical data sheets.
1. Condition material to 65 °F (18 °C) prior to use.
2. Thoroughly stir or gently shake each component before mixing them together.
3. Mix only the amount of material that can be used within the expected pot life accounting
for the ambient temperature.
4. Mix ratio is 2:1 by volume. Proportion 2 parts of component “A” and 1 part of component
“B” into a clean bucket.
5. Mix thoroughly with a low speed drill (400‐600 rpm) using a “jiffy” style mixing paddle for
a minimum of three minutes. Scrape the sides and bottom of the bucket while mixing.
Keep the mixing paddle below the surface of the resin to avoid entrapping air.
6. Mixed material should be a uniform color and free of any lumps or streaks.
18
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a 3rd
party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
Impregnating Fabric on Substrate
For lighter weight reinforcing fabrics, like CF335 the fabrics may be impregnated directly on the
surface of the substrate. Heavier weight fabrics may need to be pre‐saturated.
1. Primed and/or filled surfaces, which have cured for over 24 hours, must be abraded with
a light sand sweep, sandpaper or abrasive pad unless still tacky to the touch.
2. Using a medium nap roller, apply approximately a 20‐mil thick coat of RenewWrap
Saturant to the surfaces to be strengthened.
3. Place the RenewWrap reinforcing fabric into the uncured saturant using gloved hands and
carefully align in accordance with the project drawings. Work out air bubbles and
impregnate the reinforcing fabric using a fin roller by rolling in the direction of the fibers.
4. Apply a second 20‐mil coat of RenewWrap Saturant onto the top of the fabric and use a
fin roller to facilitate fiber wet‐out..
5. Repeat this process for additional plies. For locations where the fabric is spliced or
overlapped a 20‐mil coat of saturant should be applied between the overlapped plies.
6. Check applied installed FRP after 30 – 45 minutes and again prior to gel stage to ensure
that no voids or delaminations are present.
Pre‐Impregnating Fabric by Hand
1. Using a medium nap roller, apply a coat of mixed resin to a suitable worktable, which has
been protected with plastic sheeting. Lay pre‐cut fabric onto resin coat and press down
with a soft plastic spreader. Apply more resin to the fabric and spread evenly until fabric
is fully covered and saturated thoroughly with resin. Allow to sit for 1 minute, applying
more resin if needed. Squeegee off excess resin if necessary and roll fabric onto a PVC
plastic tube with approximately 4” diameter. Alternately, Saturant may be applied to one
side of fabric, worked in with rollers or squeegees, then flipped before applying additional
resin.
2. Apply saturated fabric to repair surface. Orient fibers as detailed in project drawings and
within specified tolerances. Fibers shall be laid taut and without wrinkles. Using soft
plastic spreaders and (suitably protected) hands smooth out wet fabric ensuring full
contact with the surface and to remove trapped air. Fibers must be straight and aligned
correctly. Apply additional saturating resin, if needed, during the smoothing out to assist
in handling. Roll the fabric in the direction of the fibers using a fin roller to remove any
voids or air bubbles. Never roll the fabric transverse to the direction of the fibers.
19
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree solely for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a
3rd party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
To join ends of fabric; overlaps in the longitudinal direction must be a minimum of 8
inches. Additional saturating resin can be used to insure complete bonding between
layers and lack of voids. No overlap is needed between adjacent bands of fabric.
Overlaps must be staggered for multiples layers.
Pre‐Impregnating Fabric with Machine
If a saturator is used to impregnate the fabrics, the following guidelines are applicable.
1. Saturator must be placed on a level surface with an adequate working area all around.
2. Set gaps between the upper rollers to appropriate spacing for RenewWrap ESR CF335 and
CF600 fabrics. Note, gap sizing will vary depending on temperature and resin viscosity.
3. Saturator resin bath and all rollers shall be cleaned with an appropriate solvent at least
once during each work day and at the end of each work day. Clean up shall be initiated at
first sign of resin ‘gel’ in resin bath and must be completed before cure.
4. Cut and saturated fabric on take‐up rolls shall be stored in a clean area free from dust and
direct sunlight until applied to the surface (max 15 min).
Protection of Installed FRP
The installed composite must be protected from rain, direct sunlight, dust, sand, etc. for 24
hours or until the resin is tack free.
Field Quality Control
Supervision
• A field supervisor, trained by CS-NRI, shall observe all aspects of onsite preparation and
material application including surface preparations, resin component mixing,
application of primer, application of resin and fiber sheet, curing of composite, and the
application of protective coatings.
• Newly installed FRP composite materials shall be visually inspected to insure complete
saturation, full contact between layers and to substrate, proper fiber orientation, and
lack of wrinkles, bubbles, and voids
Inspection for Voids/Delaminations
After allowing at least 24 hours for initial resin cure to occur, perform a visual and
acoustic tap test inspection of the layered surface.
Large delaminations shall be marked for repair. Small delaminations less than 2 in2
(1300 mm2) in size and which are not localized do not require corrective action.
20
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a 3rd
party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
Large delaminations should be repaired by either injection with resin or, by removing
delaminated area and patching with new fabric, allowing a 6 inch overlap all around the
repair. This is at the discretion of the inspector.
Repair of Damaged or Defective Areas
Repair of all the defective work after the minimum cure time for the FRP laminates shall
comply with material and procedural requirements defined in manufacturer’s
specification or as provided by the manufacturer according to the type of defect, the
type of application, and the materials used.
Repair all defects in a manner that will restore the system to the designed level of
quality. Removal of defective sections shall be replaced and properly spliced with non‐
damaged areas. Splice locations shall be prepared for bond by abrading cured surfaces.
Voids shall be prevented.
The Owner’s representative shall approve repair procedures for conditions that are not
specifically addressed in this specification. All repairs and touch up shall be made to the
satisfaction of the Owner’s representative and Engineer of Record.
21
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree solely for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a
3rd party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
Equipment List
1. One saturator, if required.
2. 4” diameter PVC tubes for saturated fabric
3. MSDS and all required safety and technical documents
4. Surface preparation tools
5. Plastic sheeting
6. Work tables
7. Mixing pots and buckets
8. Brushes, rollers and roller trays
9. Trowels, plastic and metal
10. Scissors & utility knives
11. Solvent and cleaning cloths
12. Garbage containers and bags
13. Disposable gloves (latex and rubber)
14. Disposable outer suits
15. Safety glasses
16. Safety equipment as per installer’s policy
17. Disposable and NIOSH respirators
18. First aid kit
19. Non‐toxic hand cleaner (citrus based)
20. Marking pens
21. Note pads & production forms
22. Glass (or suitable) sheets for witness panels
23. Grinders and grinding discs
24. Electric drills
25. Mixing sticks and mixing fixture for drill
26. Power source or portable generator
27. All needed electrical cords
28. Hand tools
29. Temperature and humidity meter
30. Tape measures
31. Ladders and scaffolding as needed
32. Storage container
33. Syringes for repairs & anchors
22
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a 3rd
party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
Recommended Method for Fabricating Test Panels
Description and Purpose
This standard operating procedure covers the fabrication of test panels which can be tested to
establish design mechanical properties, for QC purposes, or to meet witness panels
specification requirements. Panels fabricated using this procedure will be 2‐3x larger than the
12”x12” test panel cut from its center section.
Supplies and Tools
The following supplies and tools are required to fabricate witness panels:
Acetate‐like film with a minimum thickness of 0.005 inch. Planar dimensions of the film
shall exceed the panel size. 0.005” x 40” x 25’ rolls of Dura‐Lar clear film are
recommended.
A heavy weight (like structural steel tube) having the same or slightly larger width than
the roll of fabric is required to anchor the fabric while fabricating the panel
Fin roller is used to spread resin and work into fabric
Resin mixing supplies/equipment
Plastic lamination squeegees (3M PA1 ‐ B Hand Applicator, No. S‐16138 by U‐Line) may
be used to facilitate spreading of the resin
Duct tape or masking tape
Wide paint shield
Working Surface
Make sure area used for fabricating test panels is well protected from wind and
weather. Area should also be free from dust.
The working surface used to layup and fabricate test panels shall be hard, smooth, flat,
and a minimum of 3‐4 times larger than panel to be fabricated. Surface may be made of
steel, glass, aluminum, stone, plywood or any other hard smooth material. Concrete,
unless polished, shall not be used as a base surface.
Surface must be free of dust, dirt and other particles prior to fabrication of test panels.
General Procedure
1. Clean the working surface and place a single layer of 0.005 clear Dura‐Lar film. The film
should be a minimum of 40” wide to easily accommodate a 24” wide fabric and at least
24‐30” long. The film should be taped down on both sides using duct tape of masking
tape. It is not necessary to tape the top and bottom edges of the Dura‐Lar film. There is
no need to use release film on the working surface or the acetate film.
2. Minimum dimensions of fabric to be used to create test panel shall be 24” wide or the
roll width x 24‐30” long. Actual 12” x 12” test panels are to be cut from the center
23
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree solely for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a
3rd party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
section of the larger panels. Cut fabric, using gloves to protect fabric from oils or dirt
from hands. Store cut fabric in a clean protected location until ready to laminate.
3. Test panels made with 300 gsm fabrics shall consist of 2 plies while test panels made
with 600 gsm or heavier fabrics shall consist of 1 ply.
4. Use a steel weight to anchor the fabric and film during impregnation.
5. Place wetted fabric(s) on top of film or wet‐out fabric on top of film. Fabrics may be wet
out by hand on the working surface or pre‐saturated by hand or machine and then
placed on top of film. The following steps describe the process for wetting out fabrics
by hand:
Apply a thin even coat of mixed saturant onto the acetate film. Spread out to cover
the area to be covered by the fabric
Place the first layer of fabric on the resin. Use a squeegee or fin roller to gently force
the fabric into the resin, until the resin comes up through the fabric and the fabric
lies flat on the working surface.
Make sure the fibers are straight and flat. Working the squeegee or fin roller in the
direction of the fibers remove all air and excess resin from under fabric.
DO NOT drag squeegee perpendicular to the tows as this can cause miss‐alignment.
If the fabric is not completely wet out add more resin as needed.
When first fabric ply is wet out, flat, and the fibers are completely straight, apply a
thin, even coat of resin to the surface. Place next ply on top of the first ply taking
care to align fabric so the fibers are lying parallel with the first ply. Failure to
properly align fibers will lead to poor tensile test results.
6. When all plies have been placed and wet out place second layer of 0.005 clear Dura‐Lar
film on top of impregnated fabric.
7. Place heavy weight (i.e. structural steel or similar) on the top far edge of fabric away
from you to prevent sliding or misalignment when squeezing out excess resin.
8. Use a steel paint shield or other stiff, steel straight edge to squeeze out the excess resin
from the test panel. Start at the top of the fabric near the anchored end and slowly drag
the paint shield toward the front applying a uniform downward pressure to the paint
shield. As you drag the paint shield towards yourself excess resin will move towards the
fronts and sides of the test panel. Always move the paint shield in the direction of the
fibers. Never transverse to the fibers.
9. Allow panels to cure on the working surface in a clean, dry area, out of direct sunlight,
and free of moisture for at least 24 hours. Once the resin has cured, the acetate film
24
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a 3rd
party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
may be removed from both surfaces. Alternately, the acetate film may be kept in place
until the panels are cut down to smaller sizes and prepared from testing.
10. When all plies have been placed and wet out, cover the top of the wet plies with an
acetate film or similar. Using a squeegee, trowel, or other hard tool to remove excess
resin from the laminate. Start at the anchored end of the fabrics slowly drag the tool to
the bottom of the laminate applying a heavy, uniform pressure the entire time. The
objective is to squeeze out the excess resin to produce a uniform laminate.
Post Lay‐up
1. For each test panel record all relevant information:
a. Date created
b. Ambient conditions
c. Fabric type
d. No. of plies
e. Lot number of fabric
f. Lot number of resin
g. Job site reference location (if needed)
2. Before removing the test panel, check that the panel is labeled correctly and has
cured enough to remove it without damage. Upon removing the test panel, store on
a flat, clean surface until cured enough to not deform. (In most cases 24 to 48
hours).
3. Once cured, the acetate film may be removed and the panels trimmed to the
desired dimensions of the test panels.
25
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree solely for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a
3rd party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
Pictorial Overview of Witness Panel Fabrication
1. Tape Dura‐Film or release film to hard work surface
2. Apply Saturant to Dura‐Lar film for hand impregnation of test panel
26
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a 3rd
party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
3. Place RenewWrap fabric and use a fin roller to distribute and impregnate fabric.
4. Place second layer of Dura‐Lar film and anchor top edge with heavy steel weight.
27
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree solely for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a
3rd party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
5. Use a paint shield or steel straight edge to squeeze out excess resin. Note the straight
edge is started at the weighted edge of the fabric and slowly moved towards the person
making the panel.
6. Note excess resin that is squeezed out of test panel
28
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a 3rd
party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
7. Completed panel is allowed to cure before moving or removing acetate film. 12” x 12”
test panel is cut from the center of the larger panel since edges may be not be fully wet
out.
8. Tools required to make panel
29
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree solely for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a
3rd party without prior written consent.
Version 1.0 (1/20/2018)
9. Dura‐Lar film may be ordered from most any art supply store or distributor
30
This information is confidential and was prepared by GeoTree for the use of our clients; it is not to be shared with a 3rd
party without prior written consent.