Final EIA Report – Orange Smart City, Pen, Raigad February 2018

Environmental Impact Assessment Report for

Proposed Integrated Industrial Township titled
“Orange Smart City” near Taluka Pen, District
Raigad.
Submitted to
Expert Appraisal Committee Infrastructure Development, Coastal
Regulation Zone, Building/Construction and Miscellaneous projects

Environmental Consultant Submitted by

Building Environment (India) Pvt. Ltd

Dakshina Building, Office No-401,4th Floor, M/s. Orange Smart City Infrastructure
Beside Raigard Bhavan, Sakal Bhavan Rd, Pvt. Ltd. (OSCIPL)
Sector 11, CBD Belapur, SKIL House 209 Bank Street Cross Lane
Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400614 Fort , Mumbai- 400023
Telefax: 022 4123 7073/2757 8554 Mail id: [email protected]
Web: www.beipl.co.in Tel: 022-66199204

Monitoring Laboratory:
Aavnira Biotech (P) Ltd,
Kinetic Innovation Park, D-1 Block, Plot No.-18 /1 Part,
MIDC Chinchwad ,Pune – 411019
Maharashtra, India
Tel. 020 – 64100118
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.aavanira.com
Study Period: March 2015 to May 2015

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Final EIA Report – Orange Smart City, Pen, Raigad February 2018

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Final EIA Report – Orange Smart City, Pen, Raigad February 2018

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Final EIA Report – Orange Smart City, Pen, Raigad February 2018

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Final EIA Report – Orange Smart City, Pen, Raigad February 2018

Table of Contents
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 19
1.1 Importance of the Project to the Region.................................................................... 19
1.2 Purpose of the Report ................................................................................................ 19
1.3 Project Background and Project Proponent .............................................................. 20
1.4 Brief on the Project ................................................................................................... 21
1.4.1 Nature, Size, Location of the Project ................................................................. 21
1.5 Scope of the EIA Study ............................................................................................. 23
1.5.1 Legal Requirement and Categorization of the Project ....................................... 23
1.5.2 Objectives and Scope of work ........................................................................... 24
1.6 Limitations ................................................................................................................ 24
1.7 Structure of the EIA Report ...................................................................................... 25
Chapter 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................ 26
2.1 Type of the Project .................................................................................................... 26
2.2 Land Area Details...................................................................................................... 28
2.3 Demand Assessment ................................................................................................. 28
2.4 Product Mix Assessment ........................................................................................... 29
2.5 Site Description ......................................................................................................... 30
2.5.1 Site Location ...................................................................................................... 30
2.6 Site Settings and Analysis ......................................................................................... 33
2.7 Site Analysis .............................................................................................................. 34
2.8 Site Connectivity ....................................................................................................... 37
2.8.1 Accessibility to site by Road.............................................................................. 37
2.8.2 Accessibility to Site by Railway ........................................................................ 38
2.8.3 Accessibility to Site by Air ................................................................................ 38
2.8.4 Accessibility to Site by Sea Port ........................................................................ 38
2.9 Development Concept ............................................................................................... 43
2.10 Proposed Concept Master Plan ................................................................................. 45
2.11 Area and the population details ................................................................................. 48
2.12 Population projection and Employment Generation ................................................. 55
2.12.1 Working Population Estimates .......................................................................... 56
2.13 Proposed Industrial Area ........................................................................................... 57
2.14 Proposed Commercial Area ...................................................................................... 57
2.15 Proposed Residential Area ........................................................................................ 58
2.16 Proposed Amenities & Utilities................................................................................. 58
2.16.1 Central Green / Valley ....................................................................................... 59

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2.17 Parks and landscaped areas ....................................................................................... 59

2.18 Proposed Common Use Buildings in OSC ............................................................... 60
2.19 Resource requirements –Construction Phase ............................................................ 60
2.19.1 Labour ................................................................................................................ 60
2.20 Resource Requirements –Operation Phase ............................................................... 62
2.21 Description of the Utilities ........................................................................................ 64
2.21.1 Water Supply Infrastructure:.............................................................................. 64
2.21.2 Wastewater Infrastructure .................................................................................. 67
2.22 Storm Water Drainage System, rainwater harvesting and storage facilities ............. 72
2.23 Power Infrastructure .................................................................................................. 74
2.24 Street Lighting System .............................................................................................. 78
2.25 Smart Initiatives ........................................................................................................ 78
2.26 Smart Grid ................................................................................................................. 79
2.27 Energy Conservation ................................................................................................. 80
2.28 Renewable Energy Sources ....................................................................................... 80
2.29 Solid Waste Handling System ................................................................................... 80
2.29.1 Solid Waste Management Planned .................................................................... 81
2.29.2 Estimation of Solid Waste Quantity for Future Years ....................................... 82
2.29.3 Methodology for Solid Waste Management ...................................................... 83
2.30 HVAC Infrastructure/District Cooling System ......................................................... 88
2.31 IT & Telecommunication .......................................................................................... 89
2.32 Telephone and Internet Network / Optical Fiber Network ....................................... 90
2.32.1 Safety, Security and Surveillance System ......................................................... 90
2.32.2 Command Centre & Emergency Response System ........................................... 91
2.33 Proposed ICT Infrastructure ...................................................................................... 91
2.34 Other proposed Smart infrastructure ......................................................................... 92
2.34.1 Intelligent Building Management System ......................................................... 92
2.34.2 Fire Fighting System .......................................................................................... 92
2.34.3 Utility Infrastructure Areas ................................................................................ 93
2.35 Summary of Utilities ................................................................................................. 93
2.36 Traffic and Transportation Plan ................................................................................ 93
2.37 Connectivity to Orange Smart City (Existing) .......................................................... 94
2.37.1 Regional Connectivity ....................................................................................... 94
2.37.2 Proposed Transport Infrastructure for OSC in the Horizon Year ...................... 95
2.38 Parking Proposals ...................................................................................................... 97
2.38.1 Proposed Roadways & Kerb Side Facilities ...................................................... 97
2.38.2 Proposed Public Transport Facilities ................................................................. 97
2.39 Project Implementation and Scheduling ................................................................. 101

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2.40 Safety and Security Plan of Orange Smart City ...................................................... 103
Chapter 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................. 107
3.1 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 107
3.2 Land use Study ........................................................................................................ 109
3.2.1 Remote Sensing Technique.............................................................................. 109
3.2.2 Geographic Information System (GIS) ............................................................ 109
3.2.3 Data Base ......................................................................................................... 110
3.2.4 Results of Land Use/Land Cover Mapping ..................................................... 119
3.3 Primary Hydrogeological Survey ............................................................................ 123
3.3.1 Project Context................................................................................................. 123
3.3.2 Methodology .................................................................................................... 123
3.3.3 Location and Accessibility ............................................................................... 124
3.4 Climate and Meteorology ........................................................................................ 129
3.4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 129
3.4.2 Methodology .................................................................................................... 130
3.4.3 Secondary data ................................................................................................. 130
3.4.4 Observations based on the secondary data....................................................... 131
3.4.5 Observations based on the site specific meteorological data ........................... 140
3.4.6 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 146
3.5 Ambient Air Quality................................................................................................ 146
3.5.1 Sampling Period, Frequency and Parameters .................................................. 148
3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Procedure................................................................. 149
3.5.3 Inferences for the CO results ........................................................................... 153
3.6 Water quality ........................................................................................................... 157
3.6.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 157
3.6.2 Sampling and Analysis Methodology .............................................................. 161
3.6.3 Water Quality Inference ................................................................................... 162
3.7 Ambient Noise Quality............................................................................................ 166
3.7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 166
3.7.2 Methodology .................................................................................................... 166
3.7.3 Method and Parameters for Monitoring ........................................................... 168
3.7.4 Parameters Measured during Monitoring ........................................................ 168
3.7.5 Results and discussion ..................................................................................... 169
3.7.6 Observations .................................................................................................... 171
3.8 Soil quality .............................................................................................................. 171
3.8.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 171
3.8.2 Methodology .................................................................................................... 171
3.8.3 Results and discussion ..................................................................................... 174

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3.8.4 Interpretation .................................................................................................... 177

3.9 Topography ............................................................................................................. 178
3.9.1 Site Topography ............................................................................................... 178
3.10 Drainage Pattern ...................................................................................................... 182
3.11 Ecology and Biodiversity ........................................................................................ 183
3.11.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 183
3.12 Objectives of the study ............................................................................................ 184
3.12.1 Methodology .................................................................................................... 184
3.12.2 Secondary data from Published Literature ....................................................... 185
3.12.3 Western Ghat ................................................................................................... 186
3.12.4 Ecoregions of Western Ghats........................................................................... 187
3.12.5 Terrestrial Ecological Status: Primary Survey ................................................. 187
3.12.6 Ecological Sampling ........................................................................................ 190
3.12.7 Vegetation Survey............................................................................................ 190
3.12.8 Wildlife Survey ................................................................................................ 191
3.12.9 Ecological Settings........................................................................................... 192
3.12.10 OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSION ......................................................... 200
3.12.11 Sanctuaries within the study area ..................................................................... 206
3.13 SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE .......................................................................... 218
3.13.1 Methodology .................................................................................................... 219
3.13.2 Socio-economic Profile of the Project Area .................................................... 220
3.13.3 Baseline Data as Per Socio-Economic Survey................................................. 228
3.13.4 ASSET OWNERSHIP ..................................................................................... 233
3.14 Public Consultation and Discussion ........................................................................ 235
3.14.1 Stakeholder Identification ................................................................................ 235
3.14.2 Consultation Minutes ....................................................................................... 238
Chapter 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MTIIGATION
MEASURES 241
4.1 Impact Appraisal Criteria ........................................................................................ 241
4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase ......................................................................... 244
4.3 Impact on Ambient Air Quality .............................................................................. 245
4.3.1 Construction Phases ......................................................................................... 246
4.3.2 Impact Results and discussion ......................................................................... 258
4.3.3 Mitigation measures during construction phase .............................................. 259
4.4 Impact on Water Resources and Quality ................................................................. 265
4.4.1 Requirement of water for construction and labour camps ............................... 265
4.4.2 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................ 267
4.5 Impact on Landscape and Topography ................................................................... 268
4.5.1 Mitigation ......................................................................................................... 269

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4.6 Impact on Soil Resources ........................................................................................ 269

4.6.1 Mitigation ......................................................................................................... 270
4.7 Impact on the Ambient Noise Quality..................................................................... 270
4.7.1 Mitigation ......................................................................................................... 273
4.8 Impact on the socio-economic environment ........................................................... 274
4.8.1 Land Related Impact ........................................................................................ 275
4.8.2 Impact on Livelihood ....................................................................................... 276
4.8.3 Impact on utilities ............................................................................................ 276
4.8.4 Impact on Livelihood Opportunities ................................................................ 276
4.8.5 Impact on the Infrastructure / Institutional Development ................................ 277
4.8.6 Impact on the Utilities & Resources ................................................................ 278
4.8.7 Other Social Impacts(Across the Project Life Cycle) ...................................... 279
4.9 Impact on Ecology .................................................................................................. 280
4.9.1 Ecological Parameters ...................................................................................... 280
4.9.2 Major Impacts .................................................................................................. 280
4.9.3 Mitigation ......................................................................................................... 283
4.10 Impact on the Cultural Heritage .............................................................................. 284
4.11 Impact during operation phase ................................................................................ 285
4.12 Impact on Air Environment..................................................................................... 286
4.12.1 Operation Phase: .............................................................................................. 286
4.12.2 Methodology for Dispersion Modelling & Scenario Analysis ........................ 289
4.12.3 Baseline Emission Estimates ........................................................................... 295
4.12.4 Impact Results and discussion ......................................................................... 298
4.12.5 Emission control during Operational Phase ..................................................... 306
4.12.6 Emission Control from Stationary Sources – DG Sets .................................... 306
4.12.7 Emission Control from Line Source ................................................................ 306
4.12.8 Emission Control from Area Sources cooking, wind, etc. ............................... 307
4.12.9 Emission Control through Green belt development......................................... 307
4.12.10 Traffic & transportation ................................................................................... 308
4.13 Impact on the Water Environment .......................................................................... 309
4.13.1 Water Consumption ......................................................................................... 309
4.13.2 Impact due to discharge of wastewater ............................................................ 311
4.13.3 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................ 311
4.13.4 Impact due to the abstraction of ground water................................................. 312
4.13.5 Impact on the ground water quality ................................................................. 313
4.13.6 Increased surface runoff ................................................................................... 313
4.13.7 Rainwater Harvesting Potential for Integrated Industry Hub. ......................... 314
4.14 Impact on soil resources .......................................................................................... 319

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4.15 Impact on Noise Environment................................................................................. 319

4.15.1 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 321
4.16 Impact on the socio economics ............................................................................... 323
4.16.1 Provision of employment ................................................................................. 323
4.17 Impact on cultural heritage ...................................................................................... 324
4.18 Impact on Ecology .................................................................................................. 324
4.18.1 Impact on Flora and Fauna: ............................................................................. 325
4.18.2 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................ 325
Chapter 5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (SITE)..................................................... 327
5.1 Alternatives Considered for Selection of Site ......................................................... 327
5.1.1 Sites Selected for Study ................................................................................... 327
5.1.2 Key Characteristics and Comparative Site Evaluation .................................... 327
5.2 Alternative Site Assessment .................................................................................... 328
5.2.1 Site No.1: (Tarankhop Ramraj and Dhavate): ................................................. 328
5.2.2 Site No.2: (Meleghar and Kashmire) ............................................................... 328
5.2.3 Site No.3: ( Boregaon, Shene, Virani, Belawade Budruk, Walak, Mungoshi,
Govirle, Belawade Khurd, Padale, Kopar, Ambeghar, Balawali, Ambiwali & Hamrapur)
329
5.2.4 Evaluation of Alternative Sites ........................................................................ 334
5.3 Suitability / Justification of Site for Development of Proposed Project ................. 335
5.3.1 Industrial Development .................................................................................... 335
5.3.2 Residential Development ................................................................................. 335
5.3.3 Commercial Development ............................................................................... 336
5.3.4 Retail Development ......................................................................................... 336
5.3.5 Education / Institutional and Healthcare Development ................................... 336
5.3.6 Hospitality / Leisure Entertainment ................................................................. 337
Chapter 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ................................. 338
6.1 Objectives of Environmental Monitoring Plan ....................................................... 338
6.2 Suggested Environmental Monitoring Plan ............................................................ 339
6.3 Data Analysis .......................................................................................................... 343
6.4 Reporting Schedule ................................................................................................. 343
6.5 Emergency Procedures/Corrective Measures.......................................................... 343
6.6 Detailed Budgetary Provisions ................................................................................ 344
Chapter 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES ............................................................................... 346
7.1 Public hearing .......................................................................................................... 346
7.1.1 Public hearing compliances ............................................................................. 347
7.2 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan ................................................... 355
7.2.1 Location ........................................................................................................... 355
7.2.2 Identification of Hazards.................................................................................. 362

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7.3 Classification of Emergency/ Disaster .................................................................... 365

7.3.1 Maximum Credible Accident Worst Possible Scenario ................. 366
7.3.2 Massive earth quake is considered as Maximum credible accident (MCA) /
Worst Possible Scenario ................................................................................................ 367
7.4 Relative ranking Dow Fire and Explosion Index .................................................... 371
7.4.1 Methodology .................................................................................................... 371
7.4.2 DOW FIRE & EXPLOSION INDEX worksheet. ........................................... 371
7.4.3 Inventory analysis. ........................................................................................... 374
7.5 HAZOP STUDY ..................................................................................................... 374
7.5.1 Methodology .................................................................................................... 374
7.5.2 HAZARD RATING ......................................................................................... 375
7.5.3 HAZOP Work Sheets ....................................................................................... 376
7.6 Fire/ Explosion ........................................................................................................ 382
7.6.1 HAZARDS OF SMOKE.................................................................................. 382
7.7 Evacuation ............................................................................................................... 384
7.8 Cyclone.................................................................................................................... 384
7.9 Earthquake ............................................................................................................... 385
7.10 Flood........................................................................................................................ 386
7.10.1 Heavy Rain Fall ............................................................................................... 386
7.10.2 Tsunami............................................................................................................ 386
7.10.3 Dam Break ....................................................................................................... 387
7.11 Bio Hazard............................................................................................................... 387
7.12 Land Slide ............................................................................................................... 387
7.13 Chemical Hazard ..................................................................................................... 388
7.13.1 Event Tree – Flammable,Toxic , Reactive Chemical Release ..... 389
7.14 Consequence analysis accident ..................................................................... 392
7.14.1 Release Of Lpg Gas From Cylinder................................................................. 392
7.14.2 Flammable area of vapor cloud........................................................................ 392
7.14.3 Jet Fire ........................................................................................................... 392
7.14.4 Vapor Cloud Explosion.................................................................................... 393
7.14.5 Fuel Diesel Oil Release At Dg Set Room ........................................... 393
7.14.6 Toxic Chemical Release At WTP ................................................................... 393
7.14.7 Toxic, Flammable And Reactive Chemical Release In Road Accident .......... 394
7.15 Impact Assessment .................................................................................................. 397
7.15.1 Direct impact .................................................................................................... 397
7.15.2 Indirect impact ................................................................................................. 398
7.15.3 Cumulative impact ........................................................................................... 398
7.15.4 Induced impact ................................................................................................. 398
7.15.5 Impact Matrix................................................................................................... 399

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7.16 Individual Risk (Ir ) .......................................................................................... 401

7.16.1 IR Methodology ............................................................................................... 401
7.16.2 Individual Fatality Criteria ............................................................................... 401
7.16.3 Toxic, flammable , reactive chemical release at Highway .............................. 402
7.16.4 QRA Results. ................................................................................................... 403
7.17 Societal Risk Methodology ..................................................................................... 403
7.18 Societal risk estimation ............................................................................................ 403
7.19 F-N Curve ............................................................................................................ 404
7.20 Risk Mitigation Measures ....................................................................................... 404
7.20.1 Risk based land use plnning ............................................................................. 405
7.21 Disaster Management Plan (DMP) ....................................................................... 406
Chapter 8. PROJECT BENEFITS ..................................................................................... 407
8.1 PROJECT BENEFITS ............................................................................................ 407
8.2 Socio –Economic Welfare Measures ...................................................................... 408
Chapter 9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN.............................................. 409
9.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 409
9.2 Institutional and Legal Framework ......................................................................... 409
9.2.1 Environment Cell ............................................................................................. 411
9.2.2 Social Cell: ....................................................................................................... 412
9.3 Inspection, Monitoring & Audit .............................................................................. 412
9.4 Reporting and Review ............................................................................................. 412
9.5 Record Keeping ....................................................................................................... 413
9.6 Social Aspects ......................................................................................................... 413
9.7 Review and Amendments of EMP .......................................................................... 414
9.8 Applicable Environment and Social Legislations ................................................... 414
9.9 Suggested Management and Monitoring Plans ....................................................... 418
9.10 Environment Management Plan (EMP) .................................................................. 419
9.11 Green Belt Development Plan ................................................................................. 436
9.12 Cost of the mitigation measures .............................................................................. 442
9.13 Environmental Management Cell............................................................................ 444
9.14 Responsibilities of the EMC personnel ................................................................... 444
Chapter 10. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ............................................................. 446
10.1 BUILDING ENVIRONMENT INDIA PVT LTD (AUGUST 2013) ..................... 446

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1 : Details of landuse parcel-wise ............................................................................... 22
Table 1-2: Threshold Limit of Category ’A & B’ projects as per MoEF&CC Notification ... 23
Table 2-1: Key Details of the project ....................................................................................... 26
Table 2-2: Land Profile of Proposed Orange Smart City Project ............................................ 28
Table 2-3: Environmental Settings of Proposed Project Site................................................... 33
Table 2-4: National Highways and Expressway in site surroundings ..................................... 38
Table 2-5: The Major State Highways in the immediate surroundings ................................... 38
Table 2-6: Table showing the proposed roads and bridges in different parcels of the project 40
Table 2-7: Traffic scenario for future scenarios ...................................................................... 42
Table 2-8: Key Guiding Principles for Development of Concept Master Plan ....................... 44
Table 2-9 : Land use details of all the parcels ......................................................................... 48
Table 2-10 : Land use break up of land parcel –T1 ................................................................. 53
Table 2-11 : Land use break up of land parcel –T2 ................................................................. 53
Table 2-12 : Land use break up of parcel –T3 ......................................................................... 54
Table 2-13 : Land use break up of parcel –T4 ......................................................................... 54
Table 2-14 : Total Summary of Proposed Built-up areas in Million Sq.m. ............................. 54
Table 2-15 : Residential Population Estimates ........................................................................ 56
Table 2-16 : Working Population Estimates ............................................................................ 56
Table 2-17 :Type of Industries and Parcel-wise Land Allocation ........................................... 57
Table 2-18: Land Parcel wise Type of Industry with Tentative Built-up Areas ...................... 57
Table 2-19 : Landscape, Green & Open Space Details ........................................................... 59
Table 2-20: Common Use Buildings with Built-up Areas....................................................... 60
Table 2-21 – Potable Water Demand Assessment ................................................................... 63
Table 2-22 : Non –potable water demand ................................................................................ 63
Table 2-23 : Summary of water demand assessment ............................................................... 63
Table 2-24 : Water Supply Infrastructure ................................................................................ 65
Table 2-25 : Waste Water Generation from Industrial Processing .......................................... 67
Table 2-26: Waste Water Generation from Industrial & Commercial Worker Usage ............ 68
Table 2-27: Waste Water Generation from Commercial Areas............................................... 68
Table 2-28: Waste Water Generation from Residential Areas ................................................ 68
Table 2-29: Summary of Total Sewage Generation ................................................................ 69
Table 2-30 : Infrastructure related to sewage treatment .......................................................... 70
Table 2-31 : Electricity Requirements for Industrial Areas ..................................................... 74
Table 2-32 : Electricity requirements for commercial areas .................................................... 74
Table 2-33 : Electricity requirements for residential areas ...................................................... 74
Table 2-34 : Electricity requiremeents for amenity and utilities areas .................................... 75
Table 2-35 : Parcel wise sub-stations with Area requirements ................................................ 76
Table 2-36 : Solid Waste Generation Norms considered......................................................... 82
Table 2-37 : Solid Waste Generation in Industrial Areas ........................................................ 82
Table 2-38 : Solid Waste Generation in residential areas ........................................................ 83
Table 2-39 : Summary of utilities ............................................................................................ 93
Table 2-40 : Regional Conectivity Details............................................................................... 93
Table 2-41 : Approximate distances from nearby landmarks .................................................. 94
Table 2-42 : Number of vehicles in industrial areas ................................................................ 95
Table 2-43 : Number of vehicles in commercial areas ............................................................ 96
Table 2-44 : Number of vehicles in residential areas .............................................................. 96
Table 2-45 : Total number of vehicles in OSC ........................................................................ 96
Table 2-46 : Infrastructure related to road ............................................................................... 99
Table 2-47 : Details of phasing .............................................................................................. 101
Table 3-1: Details of Satellite Data ........................................................................................ 110

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Table 3-2: Characteristics of IRS Resourcesat-2 Data .......................................................... 110

Table 3-3: IRS Resourcesat-2 L4FMX, Satellite Spectral Bands and their Principal
Applications ........................................................................................................................... 111
Table 3-4 : Level-II - Land Use/Land Cover statistics of 15 km Radius Area ...................... 121
Table 3-5: Meteorological Parameters Monitored At Site ..................................................... 130
Table 3-6 : Synopsis of secondary meteorological data (IMD station Murud) ..................... 130
Table 3-7: Synopsis of site specific meteorological data (March 2015 – May 2015) ........... 139
Table 3-8 Monitoring Stations for Air Quality Assessment .................................................. 147
Table 3-9 : Measurement Techniques .................................................................................... 151
Table 3-10 : Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results ........................................................ 152
Table 3-11 Summary of CO results ....................................................................................... 153
Table 3-12 : Water quality monitoring locations ................................................................... 158
Table 3-13 : Ground Water Quality results............................................................................ 162
Table 3-14 Surface water quality results ............................................................................... 164
Table 3-15 : Details of Ambient Noise Locations ................................................................. 167
Table 3-16 : Noise quality monitoring results ....................................................................... 169
Table 3-17 : Details of soil sampling locations ..................................................................... 172
Table 3-18 : Results of soil sampling .................................................................................... 173
Table 3-19 : Details of terrestrial ecology sampling locations .............................................. 188
Table 3-20: Floristic composition in the study area............................................................... 193
Table 3-21 : Classification of the commonly occurring plant species as per resource use/
value ....................................................................................................................................... 201
Table 3-22: Most common floral species observed in the study area .................................... 202
Table 3-23 : Fauna recorded in the study area upto 5 km radius ........................................... 203
Table 3-24 : Details of aquatic sampling locations ................................................................ 211
Table 3-25 : List of fresh water plaktonic flora and fauna from the study area .................... 212
Table 3-26 : Shannon Weaver’s Diversity Index of Plankton ............................................... 213
Table 3-27 : Marine Plankton species recorded from the study area ..................................... 215
Table 3-28 : Benthic species recorded from the study area ................................................... 216
Table 3-29 : List of the fishes in the study area ..................................................................... 217
Table 3-30 : Comparative data for population, sex ratio, & Literacy rates in affected villages
................................................................................................................................................ 220
Table 3-31 : Names of the villages and categorization .......................................................... 220
Table 3-32 : Demographic details of the study area .............................................................. 222
Table 3-33 : SC and ST populations in the Project Study Area............................................. 225
Table 3-34 : Sex Ratio and Literacy rate in the Project Study Area ...................................... 225
Table 3-35 : Workforce participation Ratio (WPR) in the Project Study Area ..................... 226
Table 3-36 : Occupational profile of the villages in the Project Study Area ......................... 226
Table 3-37 : : Family size of surveyed respondents .............................................................. 228
Table 3-38 : Social classification of respondents .................................................................. 229
Table 3-39: Literacy Rate in the project study area ............................................................... 230
Table 3-40 : Distribution of primary schools by management ............................................. 230
Table 3-41 : Average monthly income of families ................................................................ 231
Table 3-42 : Primary Occupation of Families........................................................................ 231
Table 3-43 : Asset ownership ................................................................................................ 233
Table 4-1 : Criteria based significance of Impact .................................................................. 243
Table 4-2 : Impact Identification Matrix for Construction Phase .......................................... 244
Table 4-3 : Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for
T1 for Phase (FY 2021) ......................................................................................................... 248
Table 4-4: Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for
T1 for Phase II (FY2024) ....................................................................................................... 249

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Table 4-5: Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for
T2 for Phase I (FY2021) ........................................................................................................ 250
Table 4-6: Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for
T2 for Phase II (FY2024) ....................................................................................................... 251
Table 4-7: Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for
T3 for Phase I (FY2021) ........................................................................................................ 252
Table 4-8: Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for
T3 for Phase II (FY2024) ....................................................................................................... 253
Table 4-9: Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for
T4 for Phase I (FY2021) ........................................................................................................ 254
Table 4-10: Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for
T4 for Phase II (FY2024) ....................................................................................................... 255
Table 4-11: CO emissions for different receptors for 2021 ................................................... 256
Table 4-12: NOx emissions for different receptors for 2021 ................................................. 257
Table 4-13: Particulate emissions for different receptors for 2021 ....................................... 257
Table 4-14 : Source wise control of emisisions from the concrete batching plant ................ 261
Table 4-15 : Source-wise control measures for stone crushers.............................................. 261
Table 4-16: Dust Control plan ............................................................................................... 262
Table 4-17 : Noise Modeling results in the construction phase ............................................. 272
Table 4-18: Table showing the emission inventory during operation phase for T1 parcel ... 287
Table 4-19: Table showing the emission inventory during operation phase for T2 parcel ... 288
Table 4-20: Table showing the emission inventory during operation phase for T3 parcel ... 288
Table 4-21: Table showing the emission inventory during operation phase for T4 parcel ... 289
Table 4-22: EMISSION FACTORS FOR CO WITH REFERENCE TO VINTAGE
(GM/KM) ............................................................................................................................... 294
Table 4-23: EMISSION FACTORS FOR NOX WITH REFERENCE TO VINTAGE
(GM/KM) ............................................................................................................................... 294
Table 4-24: EMISSION FACTORS FOR PM10 WITH REFERENCE TO VINTAGE FOR
(GM/KM) ............................................................................................................................... 294
Table 4-25: Table showing total traffic in Panvel region as on 31st March, 2015 ................ 297
Table 4-26: Table showing CO Emissions from 2025 till 2035 ............................................ 299
Table 4-27: Table showing NOx Emissions for 2025 till 2035 ............................................. 299
Table 4-28: Table showing PM10 Emissions for 2025 till 2035 ........................................... 300
Table 4-29: CO emissions for different receptors for 2025 ................................................... 301
Table 4-30: CO emissions for different receptors for 2035 ................................................... 301
Table 4-31: NOx emissions for different receptors for 2025 ................................................. 301
Table 4-32: NOx emissions for different receptors for 2035 ................................................. 302
Table 4-33: Particulate emissions for different receptors for 2025 ....................................... 302
Table 4-34: Particulate emissions for different receptors for 2035 ....................................... 303
Table 4-35: Revised National Ambient Air Quality Standards (MoEF notification G.S.R
826(E), dated 16.11.2009) ..................................................................................................... 303
Table 4-36: Species to Be Used For Air Pollution Abatement in Term of Air Pollution via
Green Belt Development........................................................................................................ 308
Table 4-37 : Total water demand and sewage generation...................................................... 310
Table 4-38 : EPA Standard of Treated Sewage ..................................................................... 311
Table 4-39: Treated Sewage Standards.................................................................................. 312
Table 4-40 : Results of noise modelling study (Operational Phase) ...................................... 320
Table 4-41: Mitigation measures during operational phase ................................................... 321
Table 4-42 : Working Population Estimates .......................................................................... 323
Table 4-43 : Details of the proposed green belt ..................................................................... 326
Table 5-1: Key Characteristics and Comparative Site Evaluation......................................... 334
Table 5-2: Comparative Analysis Table For Above Alternate Sites ..................................... 335

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Table 6-1 : Recommended Environmental Monitoring Programme ..................................... 340

Table 6-2: Applicable Standards for Different Environmental Components ........................ 343
Table 6-3: Cost Estimates for Environmental Monitoring .................................................... 344
Table 7-1 : National Highways and Expressway in site surroundings ................................. 356
Table 7-2-Utilties requirement –parcel wise.......................................................................... 356
Table 7-3 : Services in the vicinity of the project .................................................................. 357
Table 7-4 : PHA Risk Assessment Matrix ............................................................................ 366
Table 7-5: Dow fire & explosion index worksheet. ............................................................... 371
Table 7-6: Dow Fire & Explosion Index Worksheet ................................................ 372
Table 7-7: Dow Fire & Explosion Index Worksheet ................................................ 373
Table 7-8 :Hazard Rating Matrix ........................................................................................... 375
Table 7-9 : Effect of Thermal radiation ................................................................................. 382
Table 7-10 : Effect of blast pressure wave............................................................................. 382
Table 7-11 : Bomb Threat Evacuation Guide ........................................................................ 384
Table 7-12 : Classification of cyclonic wind speeds ............................................................. 385
Table 7-13 : Multi Hazard Data for West Coast of India- Maharashtra ................................ 386
Table 7-14 : Tsunami Hazard Zone ....................................................................................... 387
Table 7-15 : LPG Data ........................................................................................................... 392
Table 7-16 : Flammable Area of Vapour Cloud .................................................................... 392
Table 7-17: Thermal radiation from Jet Fire.......................................................................... 392
Table 7-18 : Overpressure (Blast Force) ................................................................................ 393
Table 7-19 : Thermal radiation from pool fire ....................................................................... 393
Table 7-20 : Chlorine Data .................................................................................................... 393
Table 7-21 : Toxic area of vapor cloud. ................................................................................. 394
Table 7-22 : Ehtylene Oxide Data ......................................................................................... 394
Table 7-23 : Ethylene Oxide Consequence Analysis Results ................................................ 395
Table 7-24 :Impact Matrix ..................................................................................................... 399
Table 7-25 : Individual Fatality Criteria ................................................................................ 401
Table 7-26 : Individual risk.................................................................................................... 402
Table 7-27 QRA Results ........................................................................................................ 403
Table 7-28 QRA societal risk ................................................................................................ 403
Table 7-29 F-N Curve Data ................................................................................................... 404
Table 7-30 : Suggested Individual Fatality Risk Criteria for Various Land Uses ................. 405
Table 7-31 : Land use sensitivity assessment ........................................................................ 406
Table 7-32 Air pollution potential sensitivity assessment ..................................................... 406
Table 8-1 : CSR messures along with cost ............................................................................ 408
Table 9-1 : Responsibility Matrix .......................................................................................... 409
Table 9-2 : Applicable Legislations ....................................................................................... 416
Table 9-3 : Environmental Management Plan for Construction Phase.................................. 420
Table 9-4 : Environmental Management Plan for Operational Phase ................................... 430
Table 9-5 : List of recommended species for plantation........................................................ 436
Table 9-6 : Recommended species for fruit tree plantation ................................................... 441
Table 9-7 : Cost of mitigation measures – Construction Phase ............................................. 442
Table 9-8 : Cost of mitigation measures- Operation Phase ................................................... 442

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1: Location Map – Smart Integrated Township in Pen, Raigad ................................ 23
Figure 2-1: Strategic Location of Project................................................................................. 31
Figure 2-2: Geographical Coordinates for the Delineated Area Boundary ............................. 32
Figure 2-3: Site Photographs ................................................................................................... 35
Figure 2-4: Site Connectivity ................................................................................................... 37
Figure 2-5: Figure showing the bicycle sharing services that shall be introduced in the project
.................................................................................................................................................. 39
Figure 2-6: Images showing the current scenario of the road network of NH 66 and SH 88
respectively .............................................................................................................................. 41
Figure 2-7: Approved Concept Master Plan and Zoning ........................................................ 47
Figure 2-8 : Approved Layout plan for T1 land parcel ............................................................ 49
Figure 2-9 : Approved layout plan of T2 land parcel ............................................................. 50
Figure 2-10 : Approved layout plan of T3 .............................................................................. 51
Figure 2-11 : approved layout plan of T4 ................................................................................ 52
Figure 2-12 : Water supply infrastructure ................................................................................ 66
Figure 2-13 : Sewage Infrastructure ........................................................................................ 71
Figure 2-14 : Water Balance Diagram ..................................................................................... 72
Figure 2-15 : Map depicting the electrical infrastructure ........................................................ 77
Figure 2-16 : Primary waste collection bins and codes ........................................................... 86
Figure 2-17 : Waste Processing Centre .................................................................................... 87
Figure 2-18 : Map depicting solid waste infrastructure ........................................................... 88
Figure 2-19 : Bus Transit Services........................................................................................... 97
Figure 2-20 : Bicycle Sharing Services ................................................................................... 98
Figure 2-21 : Traffic Management System .............................................................................. 99
Figure 2-22 : Map depicting road network related infrastructure .......................................... 100
Figure 3-1: IRS Resourcesat-2 L4FMX Image of the Study Area ........................................ 112
Figure 3-2: Flowchart of simplified methodology ................................................................. 117
Figure 3-3 : Land Use/Land Cover Map of 15 Km Radius Area........................................... 120
Figure 3-4: Distribution of LU/LC in 15 Km Radius Area .................................................. 122
Figure 3-5: Hydrogeology, Raigad district, Maharashtra ...................................................... 128
Figure 3-6:Wind rose (IMD station –Murud) – March 2014 ................................................. 132
Figure 3-7 : Wind class frequency distribution chart of IMD Murud (March-2014) ............ 133
Figure 3-8:Wind rose for the month of April -2014 (IMD Murud) ....................................... 134
Figure 3-9: Wind class frequency distribution chart (April-2014) – IMD Murud ................ 134
Figure 3-10: Wind rose for the month of May -2014 (IMD Murud) ..................................... 136
Figure 3-11 - Wind class frequency distribution (May -2014) –IMD Murud ....................... 137
Figure 3-12 Wind rose for the period March -2014 to May-2014 –IMD Murud .................. 138
Figure 3-13 : Wind class frequency distribution (March 2014-May 2014) –IMD Murud ... 138
Figure 3-14 : Total monthly rainfall for IMD station Alibag ................................................ 139
Figure 3-15 : Site specific wind rose (March 2015) .............................................................. 141
Figure 3-16 : Wind class frequency distribution (March -2015) ........................................... 141
Figure 3-17 Wind class frequency distribution (April -2015) .............................................. 143
Figure 3-18 : : Site specific wind rose (May 2015) ............................................................... 144
Figure 3-19 : Wind class frequency distribution ( May 2015)............................................... 144
Figure 3-20 : Seasonal wind pattern (March 2015 – May 2015) ........................................... 145
Figure 3-21: Wind class frequency distribution (March 2015 – May 2015) ......................... 146
Figure 3-22 : : Map depicting the ambient air quality monitoring locations ......................... 149
Figure 3-23 : Graphical representation of the maximum values of PM10 .............................. 154
Figure 3-24: Graphical representation of maximum values of PM2.5 .................................... 155
Figure 3-25 : Graphical representation of maximum values of SO2 ...................................... 156

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Figure 3-26 :Graphical representation of maximum values of NOx .................................... 156

Figure 3-27 : Map depicting ground water quality locations ................................................. 160
Figure 3-28 Map depicting surface water quality locations.................................................. 161
Figure 3-29 : Noise monitoring locations marked on Google Earth ...................................... 167
Figure 3-30 : Variation in Leq (day) during the study period (March 2016 to May -2016) .. 170
Figure 3-31 : Variation in Leq (night) during the study period (March -2016 to May -2016)
................................................................................................................................................ 170
Figure 3-32: Map depicting the soil sampling locations ........................................................ 173
Figure 3-33 : Topography of T1 ............................................................................................ 179
Figure 3-34 : Topography of T2 land parcel .......................................................................... 180
Figure 3-35 : Topography of T3 land parcel .......................................................................... 180
Figure 3-36 : Topography of T4 land parcel .......................................................................... 182
Figure 3-37 : Map depicting the Eco sensitive areas within the 15 km radial study area of the
project boundary .................................................................................................................... 186
Figure 3-38: Map depicting sampling locations in the buffer zone ....................................... 189
Figure 3-39: Map depicting the sampling locations at the site .............................................. 189
Figure 3-40: Map depicting the ecological sampling locations within 5km of the project
boundary ................................................................................................................................ 190
Figure 3-41 : Distribution of the ground cover in the study area........................................... 200
Figure 3-42 : Select common animals in the study area ........................................................ 205
Figure 3-43 : Select common butterfly in the study area ....................................................... 205
Figure 3-44 : Select common avifauna observed in the study area ....................................... 206
Figure 4-1: Figure showing depicting the sources & receptors and the site location of T1 .. 290
Figure 4-2: Figure showing depicting the sources & receptors and the site location of T2 .. 291
Figure 4-3: Figure showing depicting the sources & receptors and the site location of T3 .. 291
Figure 4-4: Figure showing depicting the sources & receptors and the site location of T4 .. 292
Figure 5-1: Site No. 1 – Tarankhop Ramraj and Dhavate ..................................................... 331
Figure: 5-2: Site No. 2 – Meleghar and Kashmire ................................................................ 332
Figure 5-3: Site No. 3 – Boregaon, Shene, Virani, Belawade Budruk, Walak, Mungoshi,
Govirle, Belawade Khurd, Padale, Kopar, Ambeghar, Balawali, Ambiwali & Hamrapur ... 333
Figure 7-1 :Project Location .................................................................................................. 356
Figure 7-2 :Fact sheet parcel T1 ............................................................................................ 358
Figure 7-3 :Fact sheet T2 ....................................................................................................... 359
Figure 7-4 Fact sheet for T3................................................................................................... 360
Figure 7-5 : Fact sheet for T4 ................................................................................................ 361
Figure 7-6 :Risk Matrix ......................................................................................................... 366
Figure 7-7: Failure frequency analysis .......................................................................... 388
Figure 7-8 : Event Tree - Flammable, Toxic , Reactive Chemical Release ....... 389
Figure 7-9 : Fault Tree - Flammable,Toxic , Reactive Chemical Release .......... 390
Figure 7-10 : Overpressure (Blast Force) .............................................................................. 393
Figure 7-11 : Toxic area of vapour cloud .............................................................................. 394
Figure 7-12 : Typical wind rose ............................................................................................. 396
Figure 7-13: Land uses for different risk levels ..................................................................... 405
Figure 9-1 : Structure of Environmental Management Cell .................................................. 444

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Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Importance of the Project to the Region
Major Challenges in MMR:

MMR’S Population ~ 33 Million in 2030

MMR’S GDP ~ $ 265 Billion by 2030
Population Growth Rate of Mumbai = Twice Growth Rate of Maharashtra
Tremendous strain on existing infrastructure
$300 -$500 Billion to address proposed infrastructure needs

Contributions of Industrial Estate to Economic and Industrial Development:

To ease the population pressure, to deal with the substantial sustainability challenge, & to
create jobs and to cater to the business & residential requirements, there is a need to Create
Smart Cities around the Island City. The proposed project:
Proposed to be developed as Smart City with World Class Infrastructure and allied facilities
including Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
Will play significant role in improvement of socio-economic condition as it has great
potential of employment generation.
Will stimulate industrial growth, provide cost-effective infrastructure and community
services
Will attract private investment (national and international)
Will generate revenue for the state/region and will contribute to the CSR activities

1.2 Purpose of the Report

Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) is a process of identifying, predicting, evaluating
and mitigating the biophysical, social and other relevant effects of developmental proposals
prior to major decisions being taken. EIA provides general information pertaining to purpose
of the report, identification of project and project proponent. It also includes scope of study as
well as regulatory scoping and organization of the report. The objective of this EIA is to
foresee the potential environmental problems that would arise out of a proposed development
and address them in the project's planning and implementation stage. The EIA process shall
then allow for the communication of this information to:

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 The project proponent

 The regulatory agencies

 All stakeholders and interest groups.

1.3 Project Background and Project Proponent

Orange Smart City Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. (OSCIPL) has planned to develop a smart
integrated Township at Taluka Pen, Dist Raigad, and Maharashtra. Although it is not part of
government of India’s 100 Smart City Mission, but it has been planned along the lines of
smart city guidelines of Govt of India (GOI).
The proposal for development of the Smar Integrated Township at Taluka Pen, District
Raigarh is the culmination of an elaborate study of various factors, potential of the project
area with reference to Industrial and infrastructure development scenario in the Mumbai
Metropolitan Region (MMR) and Raigad region.
Maharashtra has been a pioneer in many of the policy initiatives that support manufacturing /
industrial sector and the State Government recognizes that manufacturing is a key driver of
state’s economic growth.
In view of the above, GoM with Industrial Policy allows creation of integrated industrial
areas / IIAs to promote integrated development primarily with industrial and all allied
activities including residential, commercial, etc. Further, Maharashtra Government has
enacted policy for Development of "Integrated Township Project (ITP) has laid special
emphasis on promoting private investment in the housing sector. However, owing to lack of
adequate land, the activities of the private sector have been piece-meal whereas, this sector
has inherent competition, professionalism, dynamism, efficiency and capacity to mobilize
financial resource, which hitherto has largely been untapped.
With the current policy of economic liberalization and stress on privatization, and reacting to
urban development problems - increasing urban population, urban sprawl, traffic congestion,
water shortages, and air and water pollution – Orange Smart City Infrastructure Pvt. Limited
(OSCIPL) advocate the use of urban-led strategies to proactively spark economic and social
development.
Orange Smart City (OSC) aims to fulfill the following objectives:

 Economic development and the creation of jobs.

 Promoting resource efficiency and mitigating climate change.

 Providing a greater place to live and work.

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 Running cities more efficiently.

 Supporting communities

The Orange Smart City is planned to address Industrial demand and new emerging housing
need including affordable housing by creating infrastructure and a globally competitive
environment that attracts investment and promotes sustainable development.
OSC is planned with industrial and residential spaces with other commercial, institutional and
supporting uses on the concept of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) .
The project proposes to have sustainable economic base primarily driven by manufacturing
product mix along with institutional and supported by residential and commercial activities.
The township proposes to provide trunk infrastructure facilities including supporting social
and physical infrastructure to boost the sustainable economy in combination of Industrial
Parks, IT/ BT Parks and Logistics, Warehousing, Financial Centers.

1.4 Brief on the Project

1.4.1 Nature, Size, Location of the Project
The ‘Orange Smart City Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd.’ (OSCIPL), a private registered company
intends to develop ‘Orange Smart City’ (OSC) over 1072.38 acres of land in Pen Taluka,
District Raigad of Maharashtra. The land is spread over four land locations in close proximity
adjacent to the NH 66 and SH 88 i.e Pen-Khopoli Road and close to downstream areas of
River Bhogeshwari and River Balganga.
The site falls within two planning areas namely Raigad Regional Plan (approximately 900
acres) and Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) Development Authority (– approximately
100 acres) limits. The project site spread across over 1072.38 acres of land, is closely
clustered at four locations i.e. Site T1; T2; T3 & T4. The site parcels are located in proximity
to Mumbai. The project boundary is linear irregular shaped clustered around four land parcels
that fall within the Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) influence zone. The site cluster
is well connected and is in proximity of the Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT), the well-
developed urban center of Navi Mumbai, the proposed Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link (MTHL)
and the proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA). The Project site is barren land
suitable for industrial development. The Project will comprise residential area, industrial, and
commercial land use and will also have basic provisions of city infrastructures viz; roads,
amenities, bridges, water supply infrastructure, wastewater infrastructure etc.

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The project area is currently undeveloped or underdeveloped. All the four land parcels have
moderate vegetative growth or and are devoid of manmade structures..The details of the
parcel-wise landuse is shown in Table-1.1 below:

Table 1-1 : Details of landuse parcel-wise

Sr. Land Physiography Type of Proposed Use Total site Undevelopable

No Use area area in acres
Zone
1. T1 Gentle Slope Predominantly Industrial 723.33 173
with low Residential and
Commercial Land Use
2. T2 Plain open land Predominantly Industrial 102.63 0
with low Residential and
Commercial Land Use
3. T3 Partially Predominantly Residential 113.23 16
impacted by and Commercial
CRZ III
4. T4 Plan open land Predominantly Residential 133.19 0
and Commercial
Total project area 1072.38 189

The project will comprise of residential , industrial, and commercial zone. It will also have
provisions of basic Physical infrastructures viz; include roads, amenities, bridges, water
retention ponds and facilities for solid and liquid waste management.

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Figure 1-1: Location Map – Smart Integrated Township in Pen, Raigad

1.5 Scope of the EIA Study

1.5.1 Legal Requirement and Categorization of the Project
As per the EIA notification of the Ministry of Environment and Forests and Climate Change
Govt. of India (MoEF), dated 14th September 2006 and its amendments, the project falls
under activity 7(c) in Schedule of EIA notification and environmental clearance from
MoEF&CC is to be obtained as it falls under Category A. Further to assess the impact on
environment due to construction and operation of above mentioned units it is necessary to
ascertain present Environment status prevailing at the project site. Further prediction of
impacts is to be ascertained due to proposed construction and operation on the environment.

Table 1-2: Threshold Limit of Category ’A & B’ projects as per MoEF&CC Notification
Clause – 7 C: Industrial estates/ parks/ complexes/ areas, export processing Zones (EPZs),
Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Biotech Parks, Leather Complexes
A If at least one industry in the proposed industrial estate falls under the Category A,
entire industrial area shall be treated as Category A, irrespective of the area.
Industrial estates with area greater than 500 ha and housing at least one Category B
industry.

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B Industrial estates housing at least one Category B industry and area <500 ha.
Industrial estates of area >500 ha. and not housing any industry belonging to
Category A or B.

1.5.2 Objectives and Scope of work

 To undertake an Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) study as per the approved
Terms of Reference (ToR) from MoEF&CC Delhi in 151st EAC metting (Attached as
Annexure I)
 To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project
surroundings
 To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts
 Recommend appropriate preventive and mitigation measures to eliminate or minimize
pollution, environmental & social disturbances during the life-cycle of the project,
ensuring compliance with environmental laws and regulation applicable
 Formulate an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) that they can be implemented,
monitored and suitable corrective action can be taken in case of deviations
 Conduct a Risk Analysis Study and identify the major hazards
 Recommend measures to eliminate / minimize hazard levels and develop a Disaster
Management Plan (DMP)
 To conduct public hearing in accordance with the requirements of EIA Notification,
2006.
 Final EIA Report Submission to EAC, MoEF&CC Delhi for Prior Environmental
Clearance (EC)

1.6 Limitations
The Environmental Impact Assessment study is based on the primary baseline monitoring
study undertaken during March 2015 to May 2015, available secondary information, and
project information provided by the project proponent and public consultations undertaken
with various stakeholders.
It is understood that the Orange Smart City will be implemented in four phases. The period of
development is expected as 10 years from the start of the development of the project. The
impact assessment is carried out based on the detailed master plan and proposed development
as envisaged for the long term.
However, to the extent possible, the likely changes in technologies over the development
period has been considered in the EIA report. Appropriate scientific factors and professional

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judgment has been used to arrive at an approximate quantity for all such components. As per
EIA Notification 2006 and subsequent amendments, wherever applicable, individual projects
that will be developed in the proposed project will seek separate Environmental Clearance.

1.7 Structure of the EIA Report

This EIA report presents the existing baseline scenario and the assessment and evaluation of
the environmental impacts that may rise during the construction and operational phases of the
project. This report also highlights the Environmental Monitoring Program during the
construction and operation phases of the project. The contents of the report will be in line
with EIA Notification and are as follows:

I. Executive Summary & Conclusion

II. EIA Report
Chapter 1 : Introduction
Chapter 2 : Project Description
Chapter 3 : Description of the Environment
Chapter 4 : Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Chapter 5 : Analysis of Alernatives (Site)
Chapter 6 : Environmental Monitoring Programme
Chapter 7 : Additional Studies
Chapter 8 : Project Benefits
Chapter 9 : Environmental Management Plan
Chapter 10 : Disclosure of Consultants engaged

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Chapter 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Type of the Project
Orange Smart City is proposed be an smart integrated township spread over on four land
parcels, namely, T1, T2, T3 & T4 admeasuring total plot area of 1072.38 acres. OSC
comprises of Industrial (various sectors), Residential & Commercial components. The project
sites are irregular in shape and overlook the River Bhogeshwari & Balganga. The site is
barren land suitable for industrial development. The key details are as in Table 2-1;

Table 2-1: Key Details of the project

Sr. No Parameter Details
Name of the project Orange Smart City (OSC)
1.

Project Type Smart Integrated Township

2.

Project Villages and Pen, Raigad

3.
District T1: Boregaon, Shene, Ambeghar & Virani
T2: Belawade Budruk
T3: Balawali, Govirle, Kopar, Ambiwali &
Hamrapur
T4: Mungoshi, Walak, Belawade Khurd, Padale and
Belawade Budruk
Project Connectivity NH 66 & SH 88
4.

Total site area 1072.38 acres (4339767.89 sq.m)

5.

Built Up Space 8.64 million sq.m

6.

Industrial Built Up 1821828.61 sq.m

7.
Area

Commercial Built Up 2505594.98 sq.m

8.
Area

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Sr. No Parameter Details

Residential Area 4188998.07 sq.m
9.

Green Area and Open 1084031.43 sq.m

10.
spaces

Amenities / Utilties 24154.79 sq.m

11.

Estimated Population 3,00,000 (approx.)

12.

Estimated Employment 150000 (approx)

13.
Opportunities

Project Cost Rs 2032 Crores (+Rs. 2000 crores land cost)

14.

Project Start Year FY 2018

15.

Start of Operations FY 2027

16.

Horizon Years of 10 Years

17.
development

Project Land Use Includes industrial commercial residential and

18.
Components institutional developments as well as open and green
spaces Main focus on less polluting industries such
as Logistics, Engineering, Agro, Electronics and
Semi-Conductor, Life Sciences, Information
technology, Gems and Jewellery, & Research and
Development.
Power requirement
19.
Construction Phase 5 MVA

Operation Phase 353 MVA

Source of Power Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company
20.
Ltd. (MSEDCL)

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Sr. No Parameter Details

Water requirement
21.
Construction Phase 45 CMD

Operation Phase 62 MLD

Source of water Hetwane Dam
22.

Waste water Generated

23.
Construction Phase 36 CMD
Operation Phase 46 MLD
Solid Waste Generation
24.
Solid waste from 111 TPD
residential areas
Solid waste from
industrial areas 10 TPD
27 Project Status Detailed Project Report has been completed.
The land is privately owned by company
Detailed Master Plan has been approved by MIDC
Public hearing has been held

2.2 Land Area Details

The project will be built on 1072.38 acres. The land has been purchased from private owners
on the willing buyer and seller basis. Following Table 3.2 illustrates the land profile of
Orange Smart City project as per information obtained from Orange Smart City Infrastructure
Pvt. Ltd. The entire land shown in the Table 2-2 is under possession of OSCIPL.

Table 2-2: Land Profile of Proposed Orange Smart City Project

Site Name of Village Area in

Acres
T1 Boregaon, Shene, Ambeghar and Virani 723.33
T2 Belawade Budruk 102.63
T3 Balawali, Govirle, Kopar, Ambiwali and Hamrapur 113.23
T4 Mungoshi, Walak, , Belawade Khurd, Padale and Belawade 133.19
Budruk
Total 1072.38

2.3 Demand Assessment

The demand assessment for the industrial use has been carried out by M/s Jones Lang
LaSalle (JLL) which has tremendous experience in market assessment. JLL study revealed a
demand for industrial commercial and residential development in the region taking into

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account the infrastructure projects coming up in the region including NMIA, MTHL ,JNPT
expansion etc and the same is as under:
The summary of the industrial demand assessment is given in the section below:

Industry Type Area demand in the region (Acres)

Logistic 200.0

Engineering 200.0

Agro 115.0

Electronics & Semi-conductor 25.0

Life Sciences 25.0

Information Technology 25.0

Gems & Jewellery 5.0

Research & Development 5.0

TOTAL 600

Based on the above assessment, modest refinements to future land use designations related to
industrial uses could be accommodated by OSCIPL without jeopardizing the overall
industrial market in the Region and industrial demand in OSC. Presently OSCIPL proposes
to provide about 390 acres of land for industrial use in the Orange Smart City and balance for
supporting activities.

2.4 Product Mix Assessment

Based on the industrial demand assessment, the product mix for the development of OSC is
worked out considering to create Balanced & efficient land-use patterns, Mixed and
complementary land uses (i.e. Industrial, Residential, Commercial, Retail, Recreation).

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. The recommended land use mix at OSC is inclusive of all required land area provisions for
recreational green and open space, social infrastructure, utility, road and parking at detailed
layout level.is as follows: The OSC land use mix assessment in given in the section below:

Sr. No. Land use Area in Acres %

1 Industrial 390 36%
2 Commercial/ Office Spaces 88 8%
3 Residential 138 13%
4 Major Traffic and Transportation 129 12%
5 Public Green 268 25%
6 Ancillary/ Supportive Uses including utilities 59 6%
Total OSC Area 1072.38 100

2.5 Site Description

2.5.1 Site Location
The delineated Proposed Project is located in Pen Tehsil of Raigad district of Maharashtra
State. It partly falls in MMR & majorly in Raigad RP boundary. Project is scattered on four
parcels, namely, T1, T2, T3 & T4 in villages as mentioned in Table 2-2. The distance
between these parcels varies from 2 to 3 kms. Project is located geographically between
18042’14.11” N, 73008’37.90” E and 18046’53.73” N, 73007’28.52” E at an average altitude
of 225 m from the Sea Level. The General Location of the project is shown in Figure 2-1 and
the geographical coordinates for the delineated area boundary for selected locations have
been presented in Figure 2-2 below.

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Figure 2-1: Strategic Location of Project

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Figure 2-2: Geographical Coordinates for the Delineated Area Boundary

Land Parcels Geographical Coordinates
T1: Latitude: 18042’14.11” N
Longitude: 73008’37.90” E
T2: Latitude: 18046’23.80” N
Longitude: 73007’17.44” E
T3: Latitude: 18046’53.73” N
Longitude: 73007’28.52” E
T4: Latitude: 18047’26.51” N
Longitude: 73005’27.74” E

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2.6 Site Settings and Analysis

The sites are irregular in shape, and located in four parcels and overlook the River
Bogeshwari, & Balganga. The T1 site is contoured and has a rocky terrain, with a little
vegetation cover.
The proposed sites are open on all sides, connected by access to SH 88 and NH 66. The site is
well connected by Pen, Jite and Hamrapur railway routes. It has good proximity to JNPT and
MTHL at about 20.8 and 15 kms distance respectively. The general Site Envronmental
Settings are presented in Table 2-3

Table 2-3: Environmental Settings of Proposed Project Site

Sr. Feature Details
No.
1 Nearest Highway NH 66 & SH 88
2 Nearest Airport Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (40 km-
Aerial distance) from T3 land parcel
3 Nearest Railway Station Pen (4.7 km from T-1 Land parcel), Hamrapur
(1.14 kms from T3 land parcel) (All aerial
distances)
4 Proposed MTHL 15 Kms from north end (T3) (Aerial distance)
5 Nearest Town Pen (5 km) from T1 –Land parcel (Aerial distance)
6 JNPT 20.8 kms from north end (T3) (Aerial distance)
7 GSI Toposheet Nos E43H1, E43H2, E43B4
8 Altitude MSL Approximately 225 m
9 Climatic Condition Average Annual Temperature -28°C, Dominant
Wind Direction –
SW and Speed 14 km/h, Relative Humidity 82%,
Average Annual rainfall – 3000 mm
10 Topography Plateau with slopes
11 Protected Forest/ Reserve Forest Nil
12 Archaeological Karnala Fort (Approximately 16.5 km)
Monuments/Religious Historic
Places
13 Water bodies (River/ Hetavane Dam, Ambeghar Dam, Bhogeshwari River
Lake/Natural & Balganga River
Streams/Reservoir)
14 Defence Installations None
15 Seismic Zone Zone - IV
16 Reserved and Protected Forest / Buffer Zone of Karnala Bird Sanctuary is approx.
Nearest National Park / Wildlife 7.5 km from T3 Land Parcel.
Sanctuary
17 Coastal Regulation Zone Part of the T3 plot lies in CRZ -III

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2.7 Site Analysis

The T1 Site is situated to the South of the Pen to Khopoli Road. The site is also separated
from this road by a 35-metre-wide river. Part of the site is covered by hill with maximum
elevation of 225 metres from the Mean Sea level. Due to the hilly portion, part of the site is
shielded from the Sun during the morning and the remaining part is shielded in the evening
because of the elevation of the hill. This would contribute to maintaining the microclimate of
the site favourably. A Zilla Parishad road to Pen runs along the western fringes of the site.
The T1 Site is situated at a distance of 5 Km from Hetawane Dam and downstream portion
of the Bhogeshwari river runs to the North of the site in a East to West direction. The Site is
bounded on the North by a Channel originating from the Hetawane water reservoir and which
functions both as an irrigation channel for the downstream areas and also as overflow channel
for the reservoir.

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Figure 2-3: Site Photographs

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2.8 Site Connectivity

2.8.1 Accessibility to site by Road
Site (T3) is readily accessible through the National Highway 66. The site (T1) is adjacent to
SH 88 (Pen - Khopoli Highway) through the proposed access via 18-metre wide road, Apart
from this, the subject-site region (T2 & T4) is also connected by about 6 km. of road length
fall under major district roads and other district roads which are maintained by PWD and
Zilla Parishad..

Figure 2-4: Site Connectivity

The major National, State Highways, Railways and expressway in vicinity to the subject site
are provided in the following tables:

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Table 2-4: National Highways and Expressway in site surroundings

Sr. No. Name of Road From - To
1 Mumbai Pune Expressway Kalamboli (Navi Mumbai) to Pune
2 NH 4 Mumbai to Pune further down to Banglore
3 NH 4 B Panvel to JNPT
4 NH 3 Mumbai to Nashik further down to Agra
5 NH 8 Mumbai to Ahmedabad
6 NH 66 Mumbai to Goa

Table 2-5: The Major State Highways in the immediate surroundings

Sr. No. Name of Road From - To
1 SH 88 Pen khopoli
2 SH 85 Khopta - Sai
4 SH 81 Ghavan Phata to SH 85
5 SH 54 Uran to Panvel

2.8.2 Accessibility to Site by Railway

Because of Konkan Railway the villages in Raigad Districts are now connected to the rail
network. Pen Railway Station is nearby the subject site at a distance of 4.7 km from T1 land
parcel. This Rail route also connects to the Southern Railway. Panvel and Pen being the
nearest Railway station connects to the CST. With economic development in the Konkan
region of Maharashtra getting high priority from both the government and corporate, the
single-track Konkan Railway is proposed to be converted into a double track which will
further enhance the connectivity of the entire region.

2.8.3 Accessibility to Site by Air

The international & domestic airports at Mumbai are approximately 40 kms (aerial distance)
way from the area . Pune Airport is about 83Kms (aerial distance) from the T1 land parcel
The proposed International Airport in Navi Mumbai at Ulwe/Kharghar is about 21.00 kms
(aerial distance) from the subject site. Further, the connectivity of the subject site shall greatly
improve with the implementation of proposed MTHL project and International Airport.

2.8.4 Accessibility to Site by Sea Port

Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust, India’s largest & most modern sea port that provides cargo
linkages to all the international markets, is located at a distance of about 20.8 km (aerial
distance). It is connected to this site by Land Parcel T3. Proximity to Mumbai Port and

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proposed Rewas Port, another major port in India. The connectivity network around JNPT is
proposed to be upgraded as it is the terminal point of the DMIC corridor. This upgradation
will ensure faster connectivity to the Proposed Project.
Traffic & transportation
The major roads present close to the different parcels are NH 66, SH 88, Balavali road and
Dhamani road. Apart from this there are a number of government schemes proposed in the
future that shall improve the future traffic infrastructure which includes the following:
 Pen By-Pass Road
There is a proposal of augmenting the Pen by-pass road for better connectivity to the
proposed project site and the surrounding areas from the NH 66.
 Elevated Corridor
An elevated corridor is proposed which interconnects all the four locations.. This will
facilitate road transport infrastructure in this area and drive the economic activities. The
proposed freeway has a total length of 32 km. (approx.) and will be connected to the
proposed OSC project site near Ambivali at NH66 and Boregaon at SH 88.
The project also aims at introducing a commuter bus service leading from the residential
zones to the central business districts of the project to encourage the use of public transport
which in turn leads to less traffic congestion leading to a more sustainable traffic growth. The
project proponent has envisaged walk to work culture Schemes proposed by OSCIPL
 Rent-a-Cycle System-
A bicycle-sharing system is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to
individuals on a very short-term basis. Bike share schemes allow people to borrow a bike
from point A and return it at point B. The service is mostly free or with a nominal charge. It
helps in promoting non-motorized approach and is a very sustainable way for local commute.
Incorporating such transportation concepts will add value to the project. Such smart non-
motorized transit facilities have been included in OSC project.

Figure 2-5: Figure showing the bicycle sharing services that shall be introduced in the project

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 Pedestrian Facilities
Adequate importance has been given to proposing vehicle-free zones, walking plazas,
pedestrian zones, walkways, etc. in the project. This will not only improvise the quality of
life of the users and residents but also help achieve an eco-friendly environment in the
township.
The internal roads of the project shall also have a traffic management system that shall
enhance mobility, improve safety, reduce fuel consumption and environmental cost and
increase economic productivity.
The internal road network of the project has been decided on basis of the proposed land-use
and the topographical conditions. The placement of roads has been worked out on the
detailed slope analysis and study of the natural drains and gradients. At present 24-meter-
wide roads have been proposed with bridges at relevant locations. The Table 2-6 explains the
proposed facilities:

Table 2-6: Table showing the proposed roads and bridges in different parcels of the
project

H Road (In Kms) Bridges(Nos.)

T1 8.4 3
T2 2.2 -
T3 1.8 (24 mtr) & 0.8 (12 mtr) -
T4 1.7 (12 mtr) -

The layout showing road infrastructure is shown in the image below:

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The project is connected to the major road network via NH 66 road and SH 88. Apart from
that, there is also a Hamrapur-Pen railway line moving close to the project boundary. The two
major roads mentioned above serve as the pathway for traffic movement from and towards
the project. The current condition of the access road network is shown in the below in Figure
2-6

Figure 2-6: Images showing the current scenario of the road network of NH 66 and SH
88 respectively

The internal road network for the four parcels has been shown in the Figure 2-6 above. The
internal roads hall be essentially of 24 mts each. The detailed traffic and transportation plan
has been discussed in detail in section 2.37 of this chapter.

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The traffic volume contribution in the current year would be mostly due to the NH 66 and SH
88 road only as they are the major carriers of the traffic through and toward the project
location. NH 66 and SH 88 comes in the category of arterial road and is a 4 lane two way
road. The design capacity in PCU/Hr. as per IRC106:1990 is 3600PCU/Hr having the level of
survey as C. Ambivali and Dhamani roads are operative to a minimum level which
essentially involves connectivity of NH 66 and SH88 with the residential pockets in the area.
The Table 2-7 shows the traffic scenario for current and FY2021, FY2024 and FY2035.

Table 2-7: Traffic scenario for future scenarios

2-wheeler 3-wheeler 4-wheeler S. Loading Buses Trucks

2017
NH 66 521 27 1017 123 94 204
SH 88 403 18 284 95 32 54
Ambivali Road 15 1 6 2 5 10
Dhamani Road 16 1 1 3 2 3
2021
NH 66 1473 77 2876 347 265 860
SH 88 1138 51 803 268 89 436
Ambivali Road 41 4 16 6 13 311
Dhamani Road 45 3 3 10 4 290
2024
NH 66 5333 277 10412 1258 958 3113
SH 88 4121 185 2909 970 323 1577
Ambivali Road 150 14 58 23 48 1128
Dhamani Road 162 12 12 35 16 1051
2035
NH 66 17657 917 34474 4166 3172 10306
SH 88 13644 612 9631 3210 1070 5223
Ambivali Road 497 46 191 76 159 3734
Dhamani Road 535 38 38 115 54 3480

Traffic at observed roads had significant contribution of non-motor vehicles High

Commercial Vehicles (HCV) and Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV).

Project Overview

The proposed project is an area development project and has been planned as a mixed use
development comprising of residential, industrial and commercial land uses. The following
sections provide brief description of the project.

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2.9 Development Concept

Rapid Urbanization is posing infrastructural challenges to governments & municipalities. As
cities grow and expand their services, management and governance become increasingly
complex. The proposed Orange Smart City project will provide infrastructure for industries,
academic institutions, students & faculty housing and support social & physical
infrastructure. It is intended to have sustainable economic base around industries and
educational, institutional activities for technical & professional skill development.
The proposed Orange Smart City Project of 1072.38 acres is divided into 4 land parcels
inclusive of the Main trunk road and the Arterial roads. A smarter, efficient city that would
encompass aspects of intelligent transportation, security, energy management.
Development concept will implement Integrated IT and telecommunication network for data,
voice, video and internet with uninterruptible power supply, smart meters, power system
automation, traffic management system, Surveillance CCTV‘s, Access control system etc.
The Orange Smart City will foster learning, earning and living. It aims to take advantage of
the synergistic relationship that can be established between centers of learning and working.
The proposed project aims to create such a center near Pen.
Co-location of educational institutions in the industrial township makes collaboration
between academia and industry more efficient and effective. Presence of industries in the
same township not only will have an impact on the course-curriculum and vice-versa, it could
also improve employment opportunities for graduates of these institutes, and a ready talent
pool for industries to recruit from.

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Table 2-8: Key Guiding Principles for Development of Concept Master Plan

Design Principle Strategy

Sustainable Development Right balance of jobs to resident population to be economically
self-sufficient and self-supporting.
About 15% land within the townships to be set aside for clean
and green industry to provide employment opportunities for the
residents living there especially the female workers.
Modular township development of about 1072.38 acres for ease
of implementation and of sufficient critical mass
Optimum and Effective Integration with development of infrastructure within the
Land Utilization proposed development.
Provision of high density development along major transportation
network to promote Transit Oriented Development (TOD)
The Non buildable area can entirely be utilized for creation of
green area by undertaking afforestation on the hill slopes
Maximum Network Provision of good infrastructure and utilities including a
Efficiency & Regional comprehensive transportation system that will satisfy the needs of
Connectivity residents and workers.
Ensuring good accessibility with efficient road system with
linkages to main landmarks like MTHL, JNPT, Airport, NH and
SH along with DMIC zone.
Provision of a hierarchy of roads and standardization of road
widths for ease of implementation and to match with city level
network.
All-inclusive planning strategy for the entire region and regional
connectivity.
Best Deal with Social & Juxtaposition of industrial clusters based on pollution standards
Environment Issues/ with adequate separation buffers between the industrial and
Concerns residential areas. Cleaner industries located within new towns.
This is to provide employment opportunities for residents and
curb inter- region traffic flow.
Conservation of natural features.
Provision of a high quality environmental living with green
vistas, good landscape, range of leisure and recreation facilities.
A full range of social community and institution facilities to
support different income groups within the target population of
Investment Region.
Barrier Free Infrastructure Proposed project will create vital infrastructure of roads,
communication networks, commercial facilities and certain
common infrastructure that will benefit the local population as
well as improve the region’s perception for real estate
developments
Design to include pedestrian walkways and green connectors at
accessible locations to make the townships more walk able with
convenient access to amenities.
Appealing Urban Form/ Introduce linear greens into the residential and industrial
Visual Aesthetics township

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Design Principle Strategy

Provide conducive environment by water collection / retention
ponds / reservoir.
Tree planting strips and buffers along major roads and arterials/
sub-arterials for visual relief and green vistas.
Education and Employment Human capital will be created through educational institutes of
the Proposed Orange Smart City project and contribute to the
overall growth of the community, region, and of nation.
Industrial city will provide employment opportunities for
individuals of diverse capabilities ranging from unskilled and
semi-skilled to skilled professionals and managers
Innovation & Proposed Project will be able to incubate innovative business
Entrepreneurship ideas by providing funding, guidance, and other support.
Intellectual Property Businesses thus launched will be able to further strengthen the
virtuous cycle of education and employment
Proposed Industrial development along with other companies will
generate valuable intellectual property

2.10 Proposed Concept Master Plan

The concept master plan for the delineated ‘Proposed Integrated Township Project’ has been
designed considering the existing MMR, Raigad and DMIC Influence zone as the growth
centre. The proposed Logistic hubs, warehousing and freight terminals and proximity of
JNPT & MTHL will be serving as strategic inland port and primary discharge point for
transportation of goods. This has been considered as the focal point for developing the master
plan for the Proposed Orange Smart City project. The proposed concept master plan for the
region has been provided as Figure 2-7.
Due to geographical profile of Proposed Project Site, the entire area has been divided into
four planning zones. Each zone is identified based on actual profile of project site boundary,
physical distribution of hubs in Land use linked by main trunk road and ease of
implementation. Proposed zones are shown in the map given below in Figure 2-8 to Figure
2-11.
Based on above maps it can be observed that all planning zones basically consist of industrial
establishment along with initial supporting residential, commercial facilities and social
infrastructure. The quality of life in any town depends upon the availability of and
accessibility to quality facilities indicated in the Master Plan and Community Facilities,
which are indicated at the layout plan level in various zones. Together, these include facilities
pertaining to health, education, sports and socio-cultural facilities. Apart from these basic
utilities like water supply and sewerage system, pumping stations, service reservoirs and
related infrastructure, electrical substations and power distribution, fire station, information

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and communication system etc. are planned to cater industrial and residential establishments
along with all facilities.

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Figure 2-7: Approved Concept Master Plan and Zoning

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2.11 Area and the population details

The land use details of all the parcels are given in Figure 2-10.
Table 2-9 : Land use details of all the parcels

Landuse Land Use in Acres

T1 T2 T3 T4 Total %
Industrial 282.0 58.00 50.00 0.00 390.00 36
0
Commercial 38.33 7.87 3.00 39.22 88.43 8
Residential 58.00 8.23 10.00 62.00 138.23 13
Major Roads 87.00 12.29 13.59 15.98 128.86 12
Undevelopable / Green / Open 220.0 10.24 29.64 7.99 267.87 25
Space 0
Amenities / Utilities / Facilities 38.00 6.00 7.00 7.99 58.99 6
Total 723.3 102.6 113.2 133.1 1072.3 100.0
3 3 3 9 8 0
Note: All dimensions in Acre except percentage

The Table 2-9 reflects that the total areas of T1, T2, T3, and T4 are 723.33, 102.40, 113.23
and 133.19 acres. The major component of the land use is industrial land use amounting to a
percentage of 36%. Followed by undevelopable/ green/open area amounting to 25%. The
other significant areas are residential area (13%) and major roads (12%).
The approved layout plans for parcels T1, T2, T3 and T4 are presented from Figure 2-8 to
Figure 2-11.

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Labour camp for 200 workers (space requirement -620 sq.m)

Figure 2-8 : Approved Layout plan for T1 land parcel

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Labour camp location for 100 workers (space requirement – 310 sq.m)

Figure 2-9 : Approved layout plan of T2 land parcel

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Space for labour camp of about 100 workers (space requirement – 310 sq.m)

Figure 2-10 : Approved layout plan of T3

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Labour camp of 100 workers (space requirement of about 310 sq.m)

Figure 2-11 : approved layout plan of T4

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The Land-use allocation and break-up formulated are presented from Table 2-10 till Table
2-14

Table 2-10 : Land use break up of land parcel –T1

Built-Up Built-Up
Area Area Land
Area Area
Land use (In (In Distribution
(In Sq. (In Mn.
Acres) Sq.Mtrs) (%)
Mtrs) Sq.Mtrs)
Industrial 282 1141254 988037.88 0.99 25
Commercial Area 38.33 155121.51 1085859.14 1.09 28
Residential Area 58 234726 1760458.89 1.76 45
Major Roads 87 352089 0.00 0
Undevelopable/Green/Open 220 890340 89034.70 0.09 2
Amenities/Utilities 38 153786 15378.72 0.02 0
Total 723.33 2927316.51 3938769.34 3.94 100

Note: All dimensions in sq. m

Table 2-11 : Land use break up of land parcel –T2

Area Area Built-Up Built-Up

(In (In Area Area Land
Acres Sq.Mtrs (In Sq. (In Million Distributio
Land use ) ) Mtrs) Sq.Mtrs) n (%)
Industrial 58 234726 374716.15 0.37 44.2
Commercial Area 7.87 31849.89 222950.99 0.22 26.3
Residential Area 8 32376 242821.92 0.24 28.7
Major Roads 12.29 49737.63 0.00 0.0
Undevelopable/Green/Op
en 10.24 41441.28 4144.16 0.00 0.5
Amenities/Utilities 6 24282 2428.22 0.00 0.3
Total 102.4 414412.8 847061.44 0.85 100
All dimensions in sq.m

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Table 2-12 : Land use break up of parcel –T3

Built-Up Built-Up
Area Area Area Area Land
(In (In (In Sq. (In Million Distribution
Land use Acres) Sq.Mtrs) Mtrs) Sq.Mtrs) (%)
Industrial 50 202350 459392.8147 0.45 53
Commercial Area 3 12141 84987.67072 0.08 10
Residential Area 10 40470 303527.3954 0.30 36
Major Roads 13.59 54998.73 0.00 0
Undevelopable/Green/
Open 29.64 119953.08 11995.40267 0.01 1
Amenities/Utilities 7 28329 2832.922357 0.00 0
Total 113.23 458241.81 862736.2058 0.85 100

Table 2-13 : Land use break up of parcel –T4

Built-Up Built-Up
Area Area Area Area Land
(In (In (In Sq. (In Million Distributi
Land use Acres) Sq.Mtrs) Mtrs) Sq.Mtrs) on (%)
Industrial 0 0 0 0 0
Commercial Area 39.23 158763.81 1111355.441 1.11 37
Residential Area 62 250914 1881869.852 1.88 63
Major Roads 15.98 64671.06 0.00 0
Undevelopable/Green/
Open 7.99 32335.53 3233.578519 0.00 0
Amenities/Utilities 7.99 32335.53 3233.578519 0.00 0
Total 133.19 539019.93 2999692.449 3.00 100

The summary of proposed built up area in million sq.m is given in Table 2-14.

Table 2-14 : Total Summary of Proposed Built-up areas in Million Sq.m.

T1 T2 T3 T4 Total
(In M (In M (In M (In M (In M
Land use Sq.m) Sq.m) Sq.m) Sq.m) Sq.m)
Industrial 0.99 0.37 0.45 0.00 1.81
Commercial Area 1.09 0.22 0.08 1.11 2.51
Residential Area 1.76 0.24 0.30 1.88 4.19

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Major Roads 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Undevelopable/Green/O
pen 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.11
Amenities/Utilities 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02
Total 3.94 0.85 0.85 3.00 8.64
The Total Proposed Built-up area in Orange Smart City is 8.64 Million sq.m and this area is
spread over the four land parcels.
Note – The FSI figures considered for the calculations are considering upcoming major
development projects viz elevated freeway, Navi Mumbai International Airport etc.
However, it should be noted that the maximum permissible FSI for residential and
commercial in Mumbai region is 1.33 which can be increased upto 4 on payment of premium/
TDR, and the same is applicable for industrial areas.

2.12 Population projection and Employment Generation

The Proposed project comprises of 4 land parcels admeasuring 1072.38 Acres. The land
parcels T1, T2, T3 and T4 are located in the vicinity and have good connectivity from
existing road network and transit facilities. The details regarding the estimated population
projection and employment generation calculated on the basis of land use proposed in the
project has been explained in the subsequent sections.
Resident Population Estimates
The estimates for resident population in OSC has been calculated on the basis of the total
proposed built-up area in all four land parcels T1, T2, T3 and T4. The built-up area for each
individual land parcel has been bifurcated into housing typologies based on the types of units
and the area of each single unit. The housing typologies include dwellings for following user
groups:

 Lower Income Group Middle Income Group

 Upper Middle Income Group

 Higher Income Group

Standard areas have been designated to each of these housing typologies and number of units
for each type has been calculated. The total number of residents has been calculated by
assuming average household size of 4 persons per Household. The Table 2-15 states the
calculations for all four land parcels:

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Table 2-15 : Residential Population Estimates

Net
Total Plot Residential Built-
Residential Estimated Resident
Land Parcel Area up Area
Area Population
(In Acres) (In Acres) (In Sq. m)
T1 723.33 58 1.76 116855
T2 102.63 8 0.24 16118
T3 113.23 10 0.30 20147
T4 133.19 62 1.88 124914
Total 1072.38 138 4.19 278034

2.12.1 Working Population Estimates

The estimates for working population in OSC has been calculated on the basis of the total
proposed built-up area in all four land parcels T1, T2, T3 and T4. The calculations are based
on the type of industries proposed in each of the land parcel as per JLL study and the areas
allotted for each type of industry as per the proposed land use plan. The number of employees
per acre has been calculated as per standard assumptions. Also, the same methodology has
been adopted while calculating the worker population in commercial and institutional areas.
Floating population for each land parcel has been calculated as per 40% of the direct
employees. The description of all these calculations is in the Table 2-16

Table 2-16 : Working Population Estimates

Industrial Commercial
Land Built Up Built Up Industrial Commercial Indirect/Floating Total
Parcel Area Area Employment Employment Employment Employment
(In M. Sq.m)
T1 0.99 1.09 35746 19165 21964 76876
T2 0.37 0.22 13910 3935 7138 24982
T3 0.45 0.08 16074 1500 7030 24604
T4 0.00 1.11 0 19615 7846 27461
Total 1.81 2.51 65730 44215 43978 153923

So, a conclusion of all the above table states that the entire project site will generate roughly
4.30 lakh people out of which it is expected that 64% population will be residing in OSC.

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2.13 Proposed Industrial Area

The total land allocation for industrial development in Orange Smart City is 390 acres which
amounts to 36% of the total land available. The proposed industrial area has been allocated in
T1, T2 and T3 parcels and shown in Table 2-17 and Table 2-18.

Table 2-17 :Type of Industries and Parcel-wise Land Allocation

Type of Industry T1 T2 T3 T4
(Acres) (Acres) (Acres) (Acres)
Engineering 104.4 13.98 - -
IT - 9.08 16.22 -
Agro 67.9 6.99 - -
Life Sciences - 10.48 13.51 -
Logistic 104.4 10.48 - -
Research & - 3.49 - -
Development
Gems & Jewellery 5.2 - - -
Electronics & Semi- - 3.49 20.27 -
conductor
Total 282 58 50 -
Table 2-18: Land Parcel wise Type of Industry with Tentative Built-up Areas

T1 T2 T3 T4 Total
Type of Industry FSI
(In Sq. m) (In Sq. m) (In Sq. m) (In Sq.m) (In Sq.m)
Engineering 1 0.43 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.48
IT 3 0.00 0.11 0.19 0.00 0.30
Agro 0.75 0.20 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.23
Life Sciences 3 0.00 0.13 0.16 0.00 0.29
Logistic 0.75 0.31 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.35
Research &
0.75
Development 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01
Gems & Jewellery 2 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.04
Electronics & Semi-
1.2
conductor 0.00 0.02 0.10 0.00 0.11
Total 0.99 0.37 0.45 0.00 1.81

2.14 Proposed Commercial Area

The total land allocation for Commercial development in Orange Smart City is 88 acres
which amounts to 8% of the total land available. The proposed commercial area has been
allocated in all four land parcels. These commercial areas will include convenience shopping

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areas, neighborhood retail outlets, stores for personal care, recreational areas, hospitality and
health care facilities, etc. The details are depicted above.

2.15 Proposed Residential Area

The total land allocation for Residential development in Orange Smart City is 138 acres
which amounts to 13% of the total land available. The proposed residential area has been
allocated in all four land parcels. The details are presented above.
The built-up area for each individual land parcel has been bifurcated into housing typologies
based on the types of units and the area of each single unit. The housing typologies include
dwellings for LIG, MIG, Upper MIG and HIG user groups. In total 69508 dwelling units are
proposed in Orange Smart City.

2.16 Proposed Amenities & Utilities

Amenities and Utilities in OSC have been proposed in all four land parcels on 59 acres of
land which makes up 6% of the total site area. The proposed amenities and utilities have been
planned aiming to make OSC a self-sufficient development project.
Landscape, Green and Open Space Development
OSC has been planned with an objective to enhance the vegetation cover, develop green
envelope and natural environment, by creation of a range of landscaped open spaces. The
total green area proposed shall be approx. 268 acres which accounts for 25% of the total OSC
Site area. The landscaping will be integral part of the development and shall be driven by
emerging trends and the rising popularity of garden outdoor spaces as an extension of built
environment.
The green space proposed will accommodates a variety of recreational and adventure need
while integrating parks into a functioning urban environment. Each type of park provides a
distinct range of opportunities. Green spaces proposed at OSC shall exist in a great variety of
shapes, forms and types within the OSC urban fabric. The successful creation and
development of the spaces are one of the key elements required to achieve sustainable urban
development.
The proposed green areas shall have plantation of local species. The landscape, green and
open space details are presented in Table 2-19.

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Table 2-19 : Landscape, Green & Open Space Details

Sr. No. Particulars Acres % of OSC land

1. Open/Green Valley 214 20%

2. Parks and landscaped areas 54 5%

TOTAL 268 25%

2.16.1 Central Green / Valley

A large central green area, measuring approx. 214 Acres is planned and developed which will
act as a lung of the OSC. This green area is proposed for dense plantation of various types of
local species detailed out in the Green Development Plan in Chapter-9
The vastness of this green area along with its central location makes it a major environmental
feature of proposed OSC development. This landscape area shall serve as Central Leisure
Area for all the users of OSC, as well as people of adjoining area. The said central green area
shall have dense plantation of trees& vegetation upto 8-10 m height. A pond/small lake shall
be developed as part of this central green to harvest rainwater from the catchment of OSC.
The water body & green vegetation, together shall lead to creation of pleasant, aesthetic and
sustainable green development.

2.17 Parks and landscaped areas

Apart from the aforesaid two categories of green developments, several large parks and
landscape areas are proposed as part of OSC Master Plan. The total area under this category
of green development is approx. 54 acres. These green areas are planned across various
parcels of OSC, and they shall provide dense green cover, accessible green space for OSC
users at walking distance of their work and living areas. Small ponds and water bodies shall
be part of this category of green areas, providing rain water harvesting, water for landscape
and other non-potable uses.
In addition to above, trees and dense vegetation shall be planted along all major roads,
offering green cover and shade to road users and also assisting in encouraging pedestrian
movement within OSC site area.

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2.18 Proposed Common Use Buildings in OSC

OSC shall provide plots for construction of following common use buildings as part of City
Area development, as part of OSC Master Plan: Some of these buildings shall be on
standalone like common facility block or training and management school. The common use
buildings with built-up areas is given in Table 2-20.

Table 2-20: Common Use Buildings with Built-up Areas

Sr. No. Buildings / Facilities Built-Up Area
(In Sq. Mtrs)

1.0 OSC Management Office 35,000

2.0 OSC Administration 1,00,080
3.0 MLCP (2 no’s ) 2,10,000
4.0 Hospital - 200 Bed 25,000
5.0 Police Station, Police posts, security offices 2,900/1000
6.0 Utility Plant - STP (24.50 MLD) 48,000
7.0 Utility Plant - WTP & Storage Tank 22,800
8.0 Bus Stop, Bus Terminal, Bus Parking, Taxi Parking, 1,000

9.0 Common Service Block - Facilities 25,000

10.0 Common Service Block - Retail & Offices 25,000
11.0 Training Center 10,000
12.0 Training & Management School 50,000
13.0 Common Services Block - Recreation, Entertainment 20,000
14.0 Sports Club 10,000
15.0 Conference / Convention Center 50,000
16.0 Service Apartments 25,000
17.0 Temporary Warehouse, Site Offices 4,500
18.0 Exhibition Facility 10,000
19.0 Common Service Block - Art & Museum 10,000
20.0 Solid Waste Collection Center 10,800
Total 322,100

2.19 Resource requirements –Construction Phase

2.19.1 Labour
It is estimated that the number of labourers for the T1, are 200nos. and 100 each for T2, T3
and T4. The space requirement for labour camps assuming that 100 sq.ft (9.2 sq.m) space will

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be required for 3 labourers – the space requirement for the labourer camps for T1,T2,T3 and
T4 will be 6666 sq.ft (620 sq.m) and 3333 sq.ft (310 sq.m) each for T2,T3 and T4
respectively.
The construction phase will include hiring of local labourers but considering the magnitude
of development, a temporary influx of population from outside areas is expected. The labour
facilities will be established and will be provided with water and power supply and sanitation
facilities including toilet facilities along with septic tanks.

Construction Material:
The proposed project will involve large scale construction activities and will involve large
quantities of construction materials. The construction materials will be sourced only from
authorized quarries and local sources in and around the region.

Power Requirement:
Power demand during initial period mainly will be for construction power which will be in
the range of 5 MVA. This will be made available by taking 22 kV supply from MSEDCL
Raigad. The ultimate power requirement for the development will be made available by
taking 22/33 kV supply from Pen substation. To fulfil the power requirement during outages,
DG sets shall be utilized the details of which have been discussed in the air quality impacts of
the project.

Water Requirements:
The water requirement for the construction phase will include water for construction
activities such as curing and formation of concrete mixtures and water for domestic
consumption. Considering the number of workers required for the development during
construction as per NBC norms, water demand for domestic consumption has been estimated
to be about 80 m3/day which may go upto 320 m3/ day at the peak construction period.
Proponent will make adequate allocations for providing piped water supply to the labour
colonies. For construction activities, tankers will be provided and adequate water allocations
will be made by the contractor.

Wastewater Generation:

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The estimated quantity of sewage likely to be generated during each phase of construction is
about 36 m3/day. The labour camps will be provided with adequate number of soak pits and
septic tanks for disposal of sewage. After completion of construction work, compact STPs
would be properly cleared and demolished.

Solid Waste Generation:

The waste generation during construction phase will include construction waste and
residential waste from labour facilities. The construction waste will largely comprise of
excavated earth and debris which can be used as a fill material for low lying areas and for
construction of roads.
The residential waste generated during the construction period from labour facilities would be
collected and transported to a interim transfer station where it will be treated (composting) by
modular composter. Only residual waste will be transported to proposed landfill facility for
disposal.
The construction activities will also entail generation of hazardous wastes such as waste oil.
Proponent, through contractual obligations, will specify disposal of hazardous waste by the
contractor to authorized recyclers/agencies.

2.20 Resource Requirements –Operation Phase

Water requirement
The proposed development mix at city side of OSC includes various facilities including
Industrial, logistics and freight, transport facilities, commercial / office spaces, Residential,
retail and F&B, entertainment, educational / institutional, cultural and event spaces, health
care, etc. As OSC being mix land use development having various water demands including
drinking, flushing, horticulture, industrial process, HVAC etc.
Detailed water demand assessment has been carried out for proposed facilities as above for
the ultimate stage year. Water demand of Horticulture, industrial, flushing and HVAC is
proposed to be sourced by recycled water. Site wise water demand is worked out as per NBC.
The treated water from STP’s is proposed to be utilized for various non-potable water
demands. The calculations are based on prevalent standards as per URDPFI and CPHEEO
standards. Thde potable water demand assessmsent is presented in Table 2-21.

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Table 2-21 – Potable Water Demand Assessment

Particulars T1 T2 T3 T4 Total
Potable Water Requirements (MLD)
Industrial - (at 30 KLD/Ha) 3 1 1 0 5
Residential - (at 105 lpcd) 12 2 2 13 29
Industrial & Commercial 1.15 0.37 0.37 0.41 2.31
Workers - (at 15 lpcd)

The Table 2-21 reflects that the total potable water demand for the industrial area, residential
area and industrial and commercial workers is 5, 29 and 2.31 MLD respectively. The non-
potable is given below in Table 2-22.

Table 2-22 : Non –potable water demand

Particulars T1 T2 T3 T4 Total
Non - Potable Water Requirements (MLD)
Industrial & Commercial Workers 2 1 1 1 5
(at 30 lpcd)
Residential 5 1 1 6 13
(at 45 lpcd)
HVAC 5 2 1 2 11

The Table 2-22 reflects that the total non-potable demand for the industrial and commercial
workers, residential workers and HVAC requirement is 5, 13 and 11 MLD.
The water demands as arrived for potable water and non-potable water for Industrial,
Commercial and Residential are totaled to arrive at the total water requirement for all the
developments planned at OSC. The total Water Demand includes water supply requirements
for Residential, Industrial and Commercial areas proposed in the four land parcels – T1, T2,
T3 and T4. This will provide the total water requirement for the OSC for the future years.
The summary of water demand assessment is given below in Table 2-23 below:

Table 2-23 : Summary of water demand assessment

Land Parcel Potable Water Non-Potable Total Water Demand
Demand Water Demand (MLD)
(MLD) (MLD)
T1 17 13 30
T2 3 3 6
T3 3 3 6

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T4 14 9 22
Total 36 28 64

The Table 2-23 reflects that the total water demand is 64 MLD which includes potable water
demand of 36 MLD and non-potable demand of about 28 MLD.

2.21 Description of the Utilities

Existing Facilities
a) Hetawane Dam
Hetawane reservoir located on the upstream of medium size earthen dam about 5.00 km from
T1 parcel of OSC is the potential water source for the proposed development. The dam
project was completed in year 2000, by the water resources department, Konkan region. The
project falls under the purview of North Konkan Irrigation Project Circle. The usable storage
capacity of the Dam is about 145million meter cube. Currently water is supplied for irrigation
and about 150 MLD to CIDCO Navi Mumbai. CIDCO 150 MLD raw water supply line
(1500 & 1200 mm diameter) runs along T1 Site of OSC (along SH 88; Pen-Khopoli road).
The water drawn from Hetawane dam is treated at the Water Treatment Plant of capacity 150
MLD located near Jite and then the treated water is supplied to Navi-Mumbai. The Hetawane
dam authorities shall provide water to OSC.
b) Balganga Dam
Balganga dam is currently under construction and is located 3 kms north of the T4 parcel.
The project is likely to be completed by 2026. The dam will have the capacity to supply water
at 350 MLD.

2.21.1 Water Supply Infrastructure:

The water supply system would be designed such that the water is available on demand. OSC
would aim towards being “Water Neutral”.
The primary water source for Orange Smart City is the Hetawane reservoir. Facilities for
each land parcel are proposed separately/ decentralized system. A dedicated water supply line
from Hetawane reservoir to the T1 Site of OSC site is being proposed along the existing
alignment. A dedicated conveyance system has been considered from Hetawane Dam to T1
Site.
Water Transmission from CIDCO pipe line to WTP at T1 of about 750 diameter pipe with
tapping length of about 3000 m is proposed. Water Treatment Plant (total 20 MLD) including

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SCADA system is proposed at T1 Site. Clear water reservoir (GSR) and Clear water pumping
station from WTP with intermediate pumping stations is also proposed to ensure continuous
supply of water without any disturbance. Water Distribution is planned through gravity from
individual GSR to respective parcel. Smart metering system for the entire project site is also
planned.
The JITE WTP is near to T3; T4 & T2 Site of OSC. Also, a new supply line is planned to be
laid upto Jite WTP from Hetawane Dam. For external water supply to these 3 sites of OSC, it
is proposed to lay a separate water supply line from Jite Water Treatment Plant following the
existing road alignment. The 500 mm diameter pipe with tapping length of about 5500 m is
proposed to be laid along the existing road alignment / elevated corridor alignment.
Water Treatment Plant is proposed on each respective site (T2; T3 & T4) including SCADA
system for the total demand. It will also house Clear water reservoir (GSR) and Clear water
pumping station having intermediate pumping stations. Water Distribution from individual
GSR to respective parcel is proposed through gravity system. The entire system is planned
with smart metering. The distribution system would cater gross water demand required
during regular operation and critical demand during maintenance period. The water supply
infrastructure is given in Table 2-24 below:

Table 2-24 : Water Supply Infrastructure

Land Parcel No. of WTP’s Area of WTP
(Sq. Mtr)

T1 1 10000
T2 1 2500
T3 1 2500
T4 1 2500
Total 4

The water supply infrastructure is given below in Figure 2-12 below:

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Figure 2-12 : Water supply infrastructure

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2.21.2 Wastewater Infrastructure

Wastewater Generation
The wastewater shall be a combination of domestic sewage and blow down other areas. The
wastewater system will consist of collection, treatment, and reuse of wastewater for OSC
requirement. Wastewater will be collected and conveyed to the Sewage Treatment Plant
(STP). The treated water would be used for Flushing, Landscaping and as Make-up Water for
District Cooling Towers, enabling OSC to be a “Zero Discharge Zone”.

The waste water generated from within OSC will be treated as per international standards and
local pollution control board’s norms. This recycled water can be used for flushing,
gardening and other non-potable water demands. As prescribed in CPHEEO manual, it is
assumed that 80% of water actually supplied at consumer end for domestic use and 60% of
water supplied to industries shall be generated as waste water. As OSC is a green field
development project there is no existing Sewage Treatment Facility available within OSC
Site.

Estimation of Sewage Flow

The Waste Water Generation for OSC project has been calculated on the basis of the
proposed land use in all four parcels – T1, T2, T3 and T4. The calculations are based on
prevalent standards as per URDPFI and CPHEEO standards. The Waste Water Generation
for Industrial areas is as follows (Refer Table 2-25 and Table 2-26 )

Table 2-25 : Waste Water Generation from Industrial Processing

Land Total Plot Net Industrial Total Water Sewage Generation

Parcel Area Area Demand (60% of Water
(In Acres) (In Acres) (MLD) Demand)
(At 30KLD/ Ha) (MLD)
T1 723.33 282 3 2
T2 102.40 58 1 0
T3 113.23 50 1 0
T4 133.19 0 0 0
Total 1072.38 390 5 3

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Table 2-26: Waste Water Generation from Industrial & Commercial Worker Usage

Land Total Plot Net Estimated Total Water Sewage Generation

Parcel Area Industrial Working Demand (60% of Water
(In Acres) Area Population (MLD) Demand)
(In Acres) (MLD)
T1 723.33 282 35746 3 2
T2 102.40 58 13910 1 1
T3 113.23 50 16074 1 1
T4 133.19 0.00 0 1 1
Total 1072.38 390 65730 7 4

The waste water generation from the commercial areas is shown in Table 2-27.
Table 2-27: Waste Water Generation from Commercial Areas

Land Total Plot Commercial Total Water Sewage Generation

Parcel Area Area Demand (80% of Water
(In Acres) (In Acres) (MLD) Demand)
(MLD)
T1 723.33 38 3 3
T2 102.40 8 1 1
T3 113.23 3 1 1
T4 133.19 39 1 1
Total 1072.38 88 7 6

The Total Waste Water Generation from Industrial areas and Commercial Areas combined is
13 MLD.
The waste water generation from the residential areas is presented in Table 2-28

Table 2-28: Waste Water Generation from Residential Areas

Land Total Plot Net Estimated Total Sewage Generation

Parcel Area Residential Resident Water (80% of Water
(In Acres) Area Population Demand Demand)
(In Acres) (MLD) (MLD)
T1 723.33 58 116855 18 14

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T2 102.40 8 16118 2 2
T3 113.23 10 20147 3 2
T4 133.19 62 124914 19 15
Total 1072.38 138 278034 42 33
The Total Waste Water Generation from Residential Areas is 33 MLD.

The Table 2-29 reflects that the Total Waste Water Generation for the OSC project is
approximately 48 MLD. The total Waste Water Generation includes waste water generated
from Residential, Industrial and commercial areas proposed in the four land parcels – T1, T2,
T3 and T4.

Table 2-29: Summary of Total Sewage Generation

Land Parcel Total Water Demand Total Sewage Generation

(MLD) (MLD)
T1 30 21
T2 6 4
T3 6 4
T4 22 19
Total 64 48

Wastewater Treatment Facilities

The amount of waste water generated in the four land parcels has been calculated on the basis
of the prevalent CPHEEO norms and other relevant guidelines and by-laws. Looking at the
geographical conditions and expanse of the four land parcels, the topography will play a
crucial role in the working of the entire waste water management system. Focus is on
optimizing the use of the topographical conditions. The waste water conveyance system is
mostly planned on the gravitational flow and attempts to reduce the number of pumping
stations in the overall project. The waste water conveyance facilities, waste water collection
and treatment facilities are proposed in a decentralized manner limiting to each individual
sites of OSC.
Sewage treatment Plant including SCADA system is planned in each site of OSC with well-
planned sewerage network. Intermediate sewage pumping stations are also proposed at

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suitable location. All the individual sites are planned with treated water tank and treated
water pumping station next to STP’s.

Waste water will be treated in STPs and recycled for non potable water demands like
flushing, gardening, HVAC etc. Total treated water supply will be around 35 MLD. The
infrastructure related to the sewage management is givne in Table 2-30
Table 2-30 : Infrastructure related to sewage treatment

Land Parcel Underground Drains No. of STP’s

(In Kms) (Area of 3600 sq.mtr each)

T1 4.9 1
T2 2.2 1
T3 2.65 1
T4 1.8 1
Total 11.55 4

At present the industries proposed in OSC all are less-polluting. No proposed industry is in
red category. Hence, it is assumed that effluent generated is very less and individual ETP at
each industry level is proposed which will implement zero effluent discharge norms..
The map depicting sewage treatment infrastructure is given below in Figure 2-13

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Figure 2-13 : Sewage Infrastructure

Water Balance Diagram

The water balance diagram is given below in Figure 2-14

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Figure 2-14 : Water Balance Diagram

It is proposed that the water treated from the STP’s will be used for all non-potable water
uses such as HVAC, horticulture, flushing, etc. minimizing the need for treated potable water.
The water balance diagram suggests that additional treated water of 20 MLD will be
generated. Provisions have been made to supply this treated water to the nearby Municipal
Council /Gram Panchyat for non-potable water use.

2.22 Storm Water Drainage System, rainwater harvesting and storage facilities
The four land parcels in the project have a unique topography. The land parcel T1 has the
most promising topography. Relatively the land parcels T2, T3 and T4 are flat plain lands.
The T1 site has natural drains which will drain the rainfall received to the adjoining
Bhogeshwari River.

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The conveyance facilities for the storm water is designed and based on Continuous Contour
Trenching (CCT) technique to avoid instances of water logging, preserve water, and conserve
soil. The rainfall data for past couple of decades has been considered for working out storm
water drainage details. Rainwater harvesting is proposed and judiciously planned in all
parcels of OSC.
The proposed development at OSC ensures that no disturbances will be caused to the existing
natural drainage system, hence for crossings over these drains is made by box culverts, pipe
culverts and bridges depending upon flow and topography.
As per IMD, the average annual rainfall for the Raigad district as a whole is 3,028.9 mm. The
suggested maximum rainfall in 24 hours for 100 years return period comes as 878.1 mm. So,
the critical intensity of rainfall as per IMD recommendations is = 0.16 x 878.1 = 140.49 mm
per hour.
The co-efficient of runoff is the portion of precipitation that makes its way to the drain. Its
value depends upon, permeability of the surface, type of ground cover, shape and size of
catchment area, the topography and geology. As per recommendation of IRC-SP-50, the
following values have to be adopted for the design of storm water drains.

 Residential Area: 0.60

 Industrial Area: 0.55

 Open / Parks: 0.15

 Roads: 0.90

In general, the drainage of the area is from South East (where high hills are seen) towards the
North Western side.
The Storm water drainage system is provided to drain the rain water within the project area.
Due care has to be taken during designing of the drainage system, that the drains flow along
the natural slope of ground, to avoid unwanted earth work during construction.
Drainage system also includes Continuous Contour Trenching (CCT) technique, which is
planned thoroughly in T1 Site of OSC. The trenches are proposed as per the proposed
development along the ground levels. Water flowing down the Site is retained by the trench,
and shall infiltrate the soil below. The CCT plan will ensure the rain water shall not run off
the Site immediately and water does not evaporate uselessly. The water balance will also be
enhanced by this design.

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2.23 Power Infrastructure

Estimated Electricity Requirements:
The Electricity Demand Assessment for OSC project has been calculated on the basis of the
proposed land use in all four parcels – T1, T2, T3 and T4. The calculations are based on
prevalent standards as per MSEDCL and MIDC standards. The Electricity Demand
Assessment for Industrial, Commercial, Residential, Amenity and Recreational areas is
presented from Table 2-31 to Table 2-34.

Table 2-31 : Electricity Requirements for Industrial Areas

Land Total Built Up Load Diversity Electricity Electricity

Parcel Plot Area Density Factor Demand Demand
Area (Sq. Mtrs) (45 (0.35 for (Watts) (MVA)
(In W/sq.mtr) Industrial)
Acres)
T1 723.33 988030 44461354 0.35 15561474 17
T2 102.40 374713 16862094 0.35 5901733 7
T3 113.23 459389 20672514 0.35 7235380 8
T4 133.19 0 0 0.35 0 0
Total 1072.38 1822132 81995961 28698586 32
Total Electricity Requirement in Industrial Areas is 32 MVA.
Table 2-32 : Electricity requirements for commercial areas

Land Total Built Up Load Diversity Electricity Electricity

Parcel Plot Area Density Factor Demand Demand
Area (Sq.Mtrs) (100 (0.65 for (Watts) (MVA)
(In W/sq.mtr) Commercial)
Acres)
T1 723.33 1085851 108585057 0.65 70580287 78
T2 102.40 222949 22294923 0.65 14491700 16
T3 113.23 84987 8498700 0.65 5524155 6
T4 133.19 1111347 111134667 0.65 72237534 80
Total 1072.38 2505133 250513347 162833676 181
Total Electricity Requirement in Commercial Areas is 181 MVA.
Table 2-33 : Electricity requirements for residential areas

Land Total Built Up Load Diversity Electricity Electricity

Parcel Plot Area iciDensity Factor Demand Demand
Area (Sq.Mtrs) (75 (0.4 for (Watts) (MVA)
(In W/sq.mtr) Residential)
Acres)
T1 723.33 1760445 132033375 0.4 52813350 59
T2 102.40 242820 18211500 0.4 7284600 8

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T3 113.23 303525 22764375 0.4 9105750 10

T4 133.19 1881855 141139125 0.4 56455650 63
Total 1072.38 4188645.00 314148375 125659350 139
Total Electricity Requirement in Residential Areas is 139 MVA.
Table 2-34 : Electricity requiremeents for amenity and utilities areas

Land Total Built Up Load Diversity Electricity Electricity

Parcel Plot Area Density Factor Demand Demand
Area (Sq.Mtrs) (45 (0.40 for (Watts) (MVA)
(In W/sq.mtr) Amenities)
Acres)
T1 723.33 15379 692037 0.40 276815 0.31
T2 102.40 2428 109269 0.40 43708 0.05
T3 113.23 2833 127481 0.40 50992 0.06
T4 133.19 3234 145510 0.40 58204 0.06
Total 1072.38 23873 1074296 429719 0.48
Total Electricity Requirement in Amenity + Utility Areas is 0.48 MVA.

The total Electricity Requirement for the OSC project is approximately 353 MVA. The total
electricity requirements includes electricity demand for Residential, Industrial and
commercial areas proposed in the four sites of OSC i.e. T1, T2, T3 and T4.

Proposed Electrical Infrastructure

It is proposed to have two feeder of 100 kV to ensure more reliable supply from NAMCO
substation to the T1 Site. The Power supply at T1 parcel will be provided through different
level by stepping down the incoming voltage, the various levels are:

 Main receiving substation (MRSS)

 Distribution substation (DSS)

The power supply at 100kV voltage level from NAMCO substation will be stepped down to
22kV at MRSS which is located at T1 parcel through Power transformer. As per M/S
MSEDCL Circular CE (Dist)/D-III /Req. of level of land/28792 dated 17.07.2015, at 22kV
voltage level the maximum load allowed is 20 MVA.
Considering the total demand of T1 Site 2 No’s of DSS are proposed. At DSS level 22kV
voltage will be stepped down to 11kV.Further the voltage level from 11kV will be stepped

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down to 0.415kV at cluster level substation, the cluster level substation will have Ring main
unit of 3 MVA load at 11kV voltage level.
The Power connectivity between MRSS to DSS at T1 Parcel will be done through
underground cable and overhead line as per requirements and site condition. And the Power
connectivity between DSS to each parcel level substation will be done through underground
cable.Also the backup power shall be provided by using DG sets in case of power outages.
Considering the total power requirement for T2, T3 & T4 sites, a substation is proposed on
each site having connection from existing Receiving station at JITE. It is proposed to have
two feeders of 22kV lines for each DSS for reliable supply through overhead lines and further
the distribution inside the sites will be carried out underground cable. At Sub Station level
22kV voltage will be step down to 11kV.

The area requirements for the Substation in each parcel are shown in Table 2-35
Table 2-35 : Parcel wise sub-stations with Area requirements

Parcel Substation Area

(In Sq.mt)
T1 MRSS 8000
T1 DSS 1 1500
T1 DSS 2 1500
T2 Sub Station 1500
T3 Sub Station 1500
T4 Sub Station 1500

The map depicting proposed electrical infrastructure is given in Figure 2-15

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Figure 2-15 : Map depicting the electrical infrastructure

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2.24 Street Lighting System

LED luminaries of various ratings are proposed for the street lighting to have energy efficient
system. The lux level has been considered as per IS1944.
The street lights shall be controlled from outdoor street light DB with 4Pole RCBO incomer,
LT Tariff meter, power contactor for switching ON/ OFF the lights and MCB outgoings for
distribution.
A Centralized Smart Street lighting control system is proposed for monitoring and control of
the street lights throughout the project area. The centralized lighting management system is a
complete web based solution with advanced communication facilitating remote control and
monitoring of the entire street lighting system. The system shall be modular and easily
scalable. The centralized solution shall provide on/off control for burn hour optimization; to
simplify maintenance and remote operation. Programming shall be enabled remotely and can
be changed at any time. The ON / OFF times shall be optimized for the different daylight
hours every day for energy optimization based on the sunrise and sunset times.
The Centralized Lighting management system shall consist of a RF capable nodal device to
be installed on each pole and a Gateway device with microcontroller that has both RF and
GPRS capability installed in the Street light Feeder Pillars which can control no. of
luminaries. The Feeder Pillar monitoring configurations shall be enabled remotely and can be
changed at any time. Power supply voltage input to Feeder Pillars shall be made available
from the CSS LT panels/ LT Feeder Pillars as the case may be. All alarm/fault detection
events shall be logged and available for reporting and analysis.

2.25 Smart Initiatives

Smart initiatives in urban areas with the help of information and communication technologies
help solve specific problems and support sustainable development in social, economic and /
or environmental terms. Smart initiatives enhance quality, performance and interactivity of
urban services, reduce costs and resource consumption.
Few initiatives which can be taken in the power supply system are:

 Implementation of SMART GRID feature for better power management

 Generation of power through sustainable means from renewable sources

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2.26 Smart Grid

A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operational and energy measures
including smart meters, smart appliances and energy efficiency resources. The traditional
electric grid will need to build additional layers of automation, communication and IT
systems to transform it to a smarter grid. Some of the applications or building blocks of a
smart grid include:

 Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) with two-way communication and Meter

Data Management Systems,

 Distribution Management Systems (DMS),

 Fault Detection, Isolation & Restoration (FDIR) System.

 Outage Management Systems (OMS),

 Geographical Information Systems (GIS) – mapping of electrical network assets

and consumers on geospatial maps,

 Automation of the substations with modern switchgear and numerical relays,

 Substation Automation System - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

Systems (SCADA)

 Enterprise IT network covering all substations and field offices with reliable
communication systems,

 Electronic billing systems and customer care systems,

 Mobile Crew Management Systems,

 Wide Area Measurement and Control Systems,

 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)/Asset Management Systems,

 Enterprise Application Integration; and

 Analytics.

The above list is focused on applications and systems, i.e., enablers. From a functionality
point of view, one might aim for variable or dynamic tariffs, renewable integration, etc.
Smart Grid system shall include the following;

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Connectivity with the State Load Dispatch Centre (SLDC) for the exchange of information
regarding Load Management & Forecast, AT&C losses, Outages etc. for township/ city. The
system shall be compatible with the existing IT/ ERP systems of the Utility Supply Company.
The proposed system shall be capable of Data acquisition, validation, processing, and data
archiving/ storage of the electrical network within city in order to control and manage the
Load including forecasting and outages, billing, and interface with end consumers through
various portals.
The system shall be capable to interface with the Substation Automation system appropriately
for On-line monitoring, controlling and operation of the network elements and parameters to
achieve optimal results and fulfilment of the scope objective.

2.27 Energy Conservation

Using of T5’s and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and LEDs in direct/indirect fixtures
would be proposed.
Automatic sensors such as occupancy, day light sensors would be provided.
Solar Hot water system shall be provided in the Hotels, health-care, High end residential
building.
Solar Street Light would be used to illuminate the street.

2.28 Renewable Energy Sources

The empty land at OSC is compatible with photovoltaic (PV) solar-array installations that can
generate a significant amount of energy.
Solar PV system of 2-megawatt can generate around 3.5 million kWh of electricity annually.
Parking lots in hot, sunny areas are good places for PV panels because they can do double
duty by providing shade for cars while producing electricity. In some cases, installing a small
PV array and battery to power an obstacle beacon may be less expensive than burying
electrical wires.
Feasibility survey shall be made to execute the same.

2.29 Solid Waste Handling System

The objective of solid waste management or handling for the development is to manage waste
generation, storage, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of solid waste in a
manner that is in accordance with the best principles of public health, economics,

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engineering, aesthetics, and other environmental considerations. The sources of solid waste
are residential units, industrial units, offices, and commercial establishment, parks and
logistics areas. Solid waste generated from these sources will be collected and handled as per
the CPHEEO norms.
As OSC is a green field development project there are no existing Solid Waste Treatment
Facilities available on the proposed land parcel.
The proposed solid waste management system is derived on the basis of analysis of different
functions of waste management system and aimed to improve the value of the project through
adaptation of an advanced system. The value improvements for the proposed system includes
minimizing human intervention in the process, reduce adverse environmental & health
impacts, reduce traffic inconvenience, improving the aesthetic value, cost economics in the
long run.

2.29.1 Solid Waste Management Planned

The waste generation units envisaged for OSC includes, Industrial, commercial and
residential development and its associated facilities. The waste generated from the above
facility sectors/sources are broadly categorized as follows;
Biodegradable Waste: Food and kitchen waste, green waste (vegetables, flowers, leaves,
fruits), paper (can also be recycled).
Recyclable Material: Paper, glass, bottles, cans, metals, certain plastics, tyres, tubes etc.
Inert Waste: Construction and demolition waste, dirt, rocks, debris.
Composite Wastes: waste clothing, tetra packs, waste plastics such as toys.
Domestic Hazardous Waste (also called “Household Hazardous Waste”) & Toxic Waste:
Medications, e-waste, paints, chemicals, light bulbs, fluorescent tubes, spray cans, fertilizer
and pesticide containers, batteries, shoe polish.
In the present initiative, it is proposed to have the waste segregation process at source,
provide separate colour bins / drop boxes to facilitate the users, collect and segregate in
scientific manner, adopt 3R approach in waste management process. Based on the Land use
planning; it is proposed to have decentralized waste collection centres to have effective solid
waste management system.

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2.29.2 Estimation of Solid Waste Quantity for Future Years

Based on the data of solid waste generation from proposed land uses, detailed estimation has
been carried out for solid waste generation quantity from different facilities i.e. industrial,
commercial / Office Spaces, Residential, Retail and F&B, Entertainment, Health Care and
Educational Institutions, Cultural & Event Spaces, Pedestrian Plaza, Transport Facilities.
Industrial process waste has also been projected as per CPHEEO norms. Solid Waste
Generation norms are given in the Table 2-36 below:
Table 2-36 : Solid Waste Generation Norms considered

Sr. No. Source Type Generation

(Kg/Capita/Day)
1 Residential Population 0.4
2 Industrial Population 0.15
Source: CPHEEO Norms

The Solid Waste Generation for OSC project has been calculated on the basis of the proposed
land use in all four parcels – T1, T2, T3 and T4. The calculations are based on prevalent
standards as per URDPFI and CPHEEO standards. The Solid Waste Generation for Industrial
areas is presented in Table 2-37.

Table 2-37 : Solid Waste Generation in Industrial Areas

Land Total Plot Net Industrial Estimated Total Waste

Parcel Area Area Working Generation (Tonnes)
(In Acres) (In Acres) Population (At 0.15 kg/capita/day)

T1 723.33 282 35746 5

T2 102.40 58 13910 2
T3 113.23 50 16074 2
T4 133.19 0 0 0
Total 1072.38 390 65730 10
Total Solid Waste Generation in Industrial Areas is 10 Tonnes per Day.
Similarly, the Solid Waste Generation in Residential Areas has been calculated in the Table
2-38:

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Table 2-38 : Solid Waste Generation in residential areas

Land Total Plot Net Residential Estimated Total Waste

Parcel Area Area Resident Generation
(In Acres) (In Acres) Population (Tonnes)
(At 0.4 kg/capita/day)
T1 723.33 58 116855 47
T2 102.40 8 16118 6
T3 113.23 10 20147 8
T4 133.19 62 124914 50
Total 1072.38 138 278034 111

Total Solid Waste Generation in Residential Areas is 111 Tonnes per Day.

Total Solid Waste Generation for the OSC project is approximately 121 Tonnes/Day. The
total Solid Waste Generation includes solid waste generated from Residential, Industrial and
commercial areas proposed in the four land parcels – T1, T2, T3 and T4.

2.29.3 Methodology for Solid Waste Management

The general methodology for Solid Waste Management is as follows.

 Identification of Waste Generation Sources

 Collection & review of existing data available with the project proponent and other
concerned departments about the inventory of:

 Type and size wise Industrial establishments in OSC

 Type and number of households and residential development planned

 Category and size wise commercial, recreational and institutional establishments

and major centres

 Type and size wise commercial establishments / markets

 Intensity and location of construction activities

 Hospital, clinics and other health care facilities

 Open spaces and parks

 Hierarchy and inventory of road.

Waste Quantification and Characterization

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Estimation of quantum of solid waste generated and its characteristics assume great
significance for identifying the most suitable collection, conveyance, treatment and disposal
options. To assess the waste generation, a comprehensive desk research will be undertaken to
develop key indicators of various types of waste sources such as, residential, commercial and
institutional, recreational, roads, construction and other utilities etc. The following tasks
would be performed to ascertain the same:

 Assess the present MSW quantities and characteristics based on primary field
assessments and validation with data available from secondary sources (CPHEEO
manual, etc.);

 Estimate different categories of waste and assessment of total quantum of waste

generated category wise.

 The construction and demolition waste, street sweeping, waste from parks etc.
shall also be assessed using suitable quantification techniques.

 The hazardous waste and e-waste shall be quantified based on population

estimation in OSC.

 Characterization and categorization – biodegradable, recyclable, inert, and

domestic hazardous

 Establish future generation trends by projecting the population and per capita
generation rate for the reference year.

 Solid Waste Management Conceptual Plan

 Based on the outputs derived from various tasks discussed above, a solid waste
management plan has been prepared. The management plan essentially consists of
specific proposals for improving various facets of solid waste management, phased
implementation schedule and cost estimates for the proposed measures. The
following tasks shall be undertaken:

 Review of the environmental, physical, social and economic conditions of all the
sites of OSC.

 Integrate the Industrial solid waste with the Commercial and Residential waste
management system.

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Technical viability of the different technologies of solid waste management considering the
existing Waste Quantity & Quality, requirement for waste segregation, primary and
secondary storage and collection and waste treatment as described below.

Waste Segregation & Storage

The segregated waste is packed perfectly before transporting for recycling to avoid any
spillage and other inconveniences. The waste is weighed and transported to the statutory
authorized recycling agency for complete recycling of waste generated. The complete
recycling of waste is continuously monitored and recycled up to end products production like
bio fertilizers, construction blocks and raw bituminous for construction of roads. The
following tasks would be performed to ascertain the same:
Modalities of storing waste at source & plan for source segregation
Develop waste minimization & recycling strategy including implementation options.

Primary Collection

All bins with nomenclature have been provided to ease the user to drop the waste into
suitable bins. The filled bins are collected in scientific manner and transferred to solid waste
collection centre for further segregation and packing after weighing. The color codes and
nomenclature represented shown in the figure below have been used in OSC. The following
tasks would be performed to ascertain the same.

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Figure 2-16 : Primary waste collection bins and codes

Secondary Storage / Collection

Planning and design of transfer stations / collection points for secondary/intermediate storage
Develop efficient collection and transportation of waste
Identification of vehicles for collection of different categorization of waste
Design of vehicle routing and collection schedule.

Waste Collection Centre

The waste collection centre is constructed to handle the waste generated in OSC by means of
scientific method of segregation and recycling. The waste collection centre is constructed in
environment friendly manner as listed below:
The roof top of the waste collection centre is fixed with transparent roof for natural light
illumination due to which the activities at waste collection centre takes place without light
during day time. The main idea of this structure is to save power.
The activities at waste collection centre are planned in day time only.
The exhaust to clear off all the waste smell elimination in the waste collection centre is of
natural wind operational type exhaust fan where the power is not require running the exhaust.
The exhaust fans runs on wind energy.
The platform of the waste collection centre is raised by 10 ft. from ground level in order to
avoid any rain water entry or animals.

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Figure 2-17 : Waste Processing Centre

Waste Processing, Treatment and Disposal of Waste

The completely segregated and packed solid waste transferred by good transport vehicle to
statutory authorized agency for complete recycling after the quantity measurement. The
complete scientific method of recycling is ensured and continuously monitored. The plastic
waste is recycled for production of bituminous, the paper and other waste are recycled as bio
fertilizer and wet waste is recycled as bio gas generation.
The end products like bio fertilizers and concrete blocks from OSC solid waste is again
utilized by OSC on agreed terms and conditions with the agency in various field like
irrigation and construction works. The sludge generated in OSC STP is also used as fertilizer
for landscaping after de-composting in earth pits.
Disposal of solid waste shall be made at the designated site prescribed by Pollution Control
Board.
The total area proposed for solid waste management is about 5.0 acres located at 2 different
sites: 3 acres facility at T4 and 2 acres facility at T2.
The map depicting solid waste infrastructure is given in Figure 2-18 below:

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E
Figure 2-18 : Map depicting solid waste infrastructure

2.30 HVAC Infrastructure/District Cooling System

It is proposed to provide air-conditioning and ventilation system for Orange Smart City.
District Cooling Plants (DCP) would be provided to meet the requirements placed in a
modular form. The efficiencies gained by central chilled water facilities result in lower

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overall energy consumption, increased reliability, increased diversification of cooling load,

and reduced environmental impact.

Proposed HVAC System

It is proposed to have centralized water-cooled system for the industrial and Hospitality
Sector while air-cooled units are proposed for the Commercial, Neighborhood and
Residential areas at all the four sites of OSC.
Strategy & Phasing of Implementation
For Industrial and Hospitality Sector, the cooling load and plant capacity will be depending
on the area development strategy and the phasing. The chilled water piping buried or in
trenches up to individual building location will be developed by Developer. Further the
individual building owner or developer has to connect and extend the network at desired
locations inside the building.
For Commercial, Neighborhood and Residential areas, the building owner/ developer will
design, plan, procure, execute and meet his building air-conditioning and ventilation
requirement. In future, looking at the feasibility and requirements proposed HVAC system
and DCS options will be implemented.

2.31 IT & Telecommunication

ICT Plan for Orange Smart City consists of the smart Infrastructure within the City for
providing the communication system such as telephone & Internet, monitoring of the city
services, planning and controlling the City Infrastructure, provide communication medium
for Systems, People and effectively manage the resources. In order to meet the growing needs
and the opportunities associated with an increasing urban population, cities require innovative
approaches to achieve sustainable development, which are crucial to ensure more inclusive
development pathways and a higher quality of life (QoL) for its inhabitants. This will enable
an Orange Smart City to become an efficient urban center of the future, safe, secure, green
and sustainable with a well-balanced relationship between city and government managers,
business and industry, research and academia and the citizens. Information &
Communication Technology (ICT) acts as a key enabler for the achievement of these goals,
there is an increasing need to better understand and foster the use of new technologies,
particularly of rapidly diffusing Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs).
Following ICT Systems are planned for the Orange Smart City:

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 Trunk infrastructure for Telephone & Internet Connectivity

 Safety and Security System

 Command Centre & Emergency Response System

 Utility Monitoring and Management

2.32 Telephone and Internet Network / Optical Fiber Network

Telephone and Broadband access is an essential part of our daily needs and also an economy.
To create jobs and grow wages at home, and to compete in the global information economy,
the delivery of fast, affordable and reliable broadband service to all corners is must. The
build-out of broadband infrastructure itself is a major driver of investment and job creation,
but even more significant are the ways that connectivity is transforming a range of industries,
education, entertainment, agriculture, business, and many more.
To fulfill the requirement of communication systems of telephone and Internet services for
residential, Industrial and commercial user’s Broadband network has to be planned for its
trunk infrastructure. The provision for the trunk infrastructure for communication is made in
the initial phase of the project planning to lay down the Optical Fiber network for using
telephone, internet and entertainment services. Provision of Ducts for laying the telephone
and Broadband cables is planned. Ducts and street furniture is planned along both sides of the
Arterial Roads and Internal roads. The Internet Service Providers / Telecom service Providers
will lay down their optical fiber cable in the duct to provide the telecom and internet services
to the residents.
T2, T3 and T4 Sites of OSC will be connected on lease lines for centralized monitoring of the
utilities and facility management. Facility management and central monitoring will be done
from T1 Land parcel and other land parcels will have secondary monitoring Stations.

2.32.1 Safety, Security and Surveillance System

The Aim of the Safety, Security and Surveillance is to provide safe and secure environment
to the residents, Maintain Law and Order, Crime Control and traffic control and management.
Video Surveillance System will be implemented at junctions, common area and market
places for monitoring the movement of the people, Vehicles, etc. This system will also
integrate with other stakeholder’s surveillance System to provide the holistic and integrated
video surveillance System. Command and control system will also be integrated with

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Emergency Response System Mechanism to provide the quick response. A mix of High
definition IP based Fixed; ANPR and PTZ cameras will be used for the purpose.

2.32.2 Command Centre & Emergency Response System

Centralized command centre will be established at T1 parcel for monitoring and control of
following Systems:

 City / Township wide Video Surveillance System

 SCADA System for Water & Waste Water

 Solid waste Management System (GPS & RFID based)

 Remote monitoring & Control of Electricity

 Utility and Facility Management and Billing System

 Emergency Response System

 Call Centre for Residents

Emergency response System and Facility management System is provided to the residents by
providing Helpline number. Helpline number shall be displayed at prominent public places
and Panic/ Emergency call points are installed throughout the city. Citizen can call to
Emergency response call centre by means of mobile, landline, installed emergency call point
and established two way audio communications with Emergency Response Team. Helpline
Call Center from Command and control centre will receive call and providing response
mechanism for safety, security, utility management, facility management and Emergency
response. Well trained operators will provide the response solution based on the type of call /
emergency. Response team such as police help, fire help, medical help, etc. shall be
integrated to Emergency Response System.

2.33 Proposed ICT Infrastructure

Proposed Infrastructure will provide the compliance to the following Smart and Sustainable
City Guidelines of the MoUD:

 Safety and Security of the residents including women and children

 100% coverage for providing High speed internet connectivity to the Dwellers

 100% coverage for telephone and mobile phone connectivity

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 100% metering for utilities such as Water, Energy and other utilities

 Quality of life for the people with clean and safe environment

 Smart Solutions such as remote monitoring and management of the Utilities,

Automated billing System, Video Surveillance

2.34 Other proposed Smart infrastructure

Domestic Gas
An integrated approach for Orange Smart City consists of the smart Infrastructure within the
City for providing better facilities to the residents and the working population. Such facilities
include a centralized gas supply system for the entire project area. Such facilities will enable
the project to become an efficient urban center of the future, safe, secure, green and
sustainable with a well-balanced relationship between the citizens.
Nowadays, a reticulated LPG Piped Gas System has been adopted in the Orange Smart City.
The system includes underground piped LPG distribution system, bulk installations as per
requirements, valve stations, and gas banks to the entire project area. This is a sustainable,
safe and secure approach for providing piped gas. It also includes an independent gas usage
monitory system with smart meters for increasing the collections of charges as per usage and
reducing leakages, losses and unaccounted gas proportions.
Benefits of a Centralized Gas Supply System proposed at OSC is that No storage of LPG is
required, hence valuable Space Saving, Uninterrupted supply of LPG as there is a standby
cylinder bank with automatic changeover when the main cylinder bank becomes empty,
Enhanced safety and Value Addition to the projects with Cutting Edge modern technology.

2.34.1 Intelligent Building Management System

The buildings in OSC shall be equipped with IBMS and same shall be connected to central
control and command center to provide interface between user and utility service providers.

2.34.2 Fire Fighting System

For the building level fire fighting, the water supply would be from Fire Water Storage
Tanks. In all buildings, arrangement or occupancy for firefighting will be provided with
warning to occupants, automatic fire detecting and alarm facilities, for the escape of
occupants, or to facilitate the orderly conduct of fire exit drills.

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2.34.3 Utility Infrastructure Areas

The utility infrastructure plants for various services such as water, sewerage, solid waste
collection and treatment, district cooling system, power are located so as to meet the
requirements of the proposed development optimally.
These infrastructure facilities are planned to be modular in nature. The distribution of these
infrastructure services would underground / at grade / overhead as per requirement and
feasibility. These utilities would be integrated with the overall OSC infrastructure.

2.35 Summary of Utilities

The Table 2-39 summarizes the Water Supply requirements, Waste Water Generation, Solid
Waste Generation and Electricity Requirements for the OSC Project on the basis of proposed
land use in four parcels – T1, T2, T3 and T4.

Table 2-39 : Summary of utilities

Land Total Water Supply Sewage Solid Waste Electricity

Parcel Plot Area Requirements Generation Generation Requirements
(In Acres) (MLD) Requirements (Tonnes/Day) (MVA)
(MLD)

T1 723.33 30 21 52 155
T2 102.40 6 4 9 31
T3 113.23 6 4 10 24
T4 133.19 22 19 50 143
Total 1072.38 64 48 121 353

2.36 Traffic and Transportation Plan

The Proposed project comprises of 4 land parcels admeasuring 1072.38 Acres. The land
parcels T1, T2, T3 and T4 are located in the vicinity and have good connectivity from
National highways, State highways and from existing road network and regional transit
facilities. The following section details out the existing and proposed transportation facilities
in the project. The regional connectivity details are given in Table 2-40.

Table 2-40 : Regional Conectivity Details

Sr. No. Particulars Connecting Places

1 Mumbai – Pune Expressway Navi Mumbai to Pune

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Sr. No. Particulars Connecting Places

2 NH 4 Mumbai – Pune-Bangalore
3 NH 4B Panvel to JNPT
4 NH 3 Mumbai to Nashik
5 SH 88 Pen to Khopoli
6 SH 85 Khopta to Sai
7 SH 54 Uran to Panvel

2.37 Connectivity to Orange Smart City (Existing)

The proposed project site is centered at a strategic location and has good connectivity from
major urban centres, towns and upcoming areas. The Table 2-41 explains the approximate
distances from nearby urban centres and major landmarks

Table 2-41 : Approximate distances from nearby landmarks

Areas Approximate Aerial

Distance (Kms)
Mumbai City (Fort) 30 from T3 Land parcel
Pen Town 4.7 from T1 land parcel
Navi Mumbai SEZ 20 from T3 land parcel
Panvel 21from T3 land parcel
Alibaug 28. from the T1 land parcel
Khopoli 21 from the T2 land parcel
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport 40from T3 land parcel
Proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport 21 from T3 land parcel

2.37.1 Regional Connectivity

Pen By-Pass Road
There is a proposal of augmenting the Pen by-pass road for better connectivity to the
proposed project site and the surrounding areas from the NH 66.

Elevated Corridor
An elevated corridor is proposed which passes through the proposed project site. This will
facilitate road transport infrastructure in this area and drive the economic activities. The
proposed freeway has a total length of 32 kms. (approx.) and will be connected to the
proposed OSC project site near Ambivali at NH 66 and Boregaon at SH 88.

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Existing Access
The major portion of the proposed project falls in T1 parcel having a total area of 723.33
acres. The T1 site is located adjacent to the State Highway 88 (Pen-Khopoli highway). Site
T3 is readily accessible through the National Highway 17. The land parcels T2 and T4 have
connectivity through Zilla Parishad Roads originating from NH 66 at Ambivali/ Hamrapur
and passes through T2 and T4 parcel of OSC. This road ends at SH 88.

Existing Public Transport Facilities

Bus stations, Railway stations
The Pen railway station located at 4.7 km from the T1 land parcel and Hamrapur railway
station located at 1.14 kms from the T3 land parcel, are the nearest railway stations from the
proposed site. The MSRTC buses ply on this route at frequent interval and the nearest bus
stand is Pen. The area is connected to most of the urban centres and towns by the State
Transport bus service. Private jeeps and auto-rickshaws are available in adequate numbers for
local commute in and around the area.

2.37.2 Proposed Transport Infrastructure for OSC in the Horizon Year

The transport infrastructure has been proposed on the basis of proposed land use in the four
land parcels T1, T2, T3 and T4 as per OSC development plan. On the basis of percentage
distribution of the land use in each parcel of OSC and norms formulated by MMRDA,
MCGM, MIDC, GDCR and IIA policy have been taken into consideration for calculating the
number of four wheelers and two wheelers on the basis of proposed built up area and the
housing typologies which are presented from Table 2-42 to Table 2-45.

Table 2-42 : Number of vehicles in industrial areas

Land Total Industria Total 4 Visitor 4 Total 4 Total 2 Truc

Parce Plot l Area Wheeler Wheeler Wheeler Wheeler k
l Area (In sq. s s s s (1 per
(In mtrs) (1 (10% 1000
Acres) Cars/200 Addn) sq.
sq. mtrs) mtrs)
T1 723 988030 4940 494 5434 14820 988
T2 102 374713 1874 187 2061 5621 375
T3 113 459389 2297 230 2527 6891 459
T4 133 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1072.3 1822132 9111 911 10022 27332 1822
8

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Table 2-43 : Number of vehicles in commercial areas

Land Total Commercial Total 4 Visitor 4 Total 4 Total 2

Parcel Plot Area Wheelers Wheelers Wheelers Wheelers
Area (In Sq.Mtrs) (2 (10% (3
(In Cars/100 Addn) TW/100
Acres) sq.mtrs) sq.mtrs)
T1 723 1085851 21717 2172 23889 32576
T2 102 222949 4459 446 4905 6688
T3 113 84987 1700 170 1870 2550
T4 133 1111347 22227 2223 24450 33340
Total 1072.38 2505133 50103 5010 55113 75154

Table 2-44 : Number of vehicles in residential areas

Land Total Built Up Resident 4 Visitor 4 Total 4 Total 2

Parcel Plot Area Wheelers Wheelers Wheelers Wheelers
Area (Sq.Mtrs) (1/flat below (10% (2/tenement)
(In 100 sq.mtrs & Addn)
Acres) 2/flat above 100
sq.mtrs)
T1 723 1760445 37109 3711 40820 58427
T2 102 242820 5119 512 5630 8059
T3 113 303525 6398 640 7038 10074
T4 133 1881855 39669 3967 43635 62457
Total 1072.38 4188645 88295 8829 97124 139017

Table 2-45 : Total number of vehicles in OSC

Land 4 Wheelers 2 Wheelers Trucks Buses

Parcel (1/2000 persons)
T1 70143 105823 988 58
T2 12596 20368 375 8
T3 11434 19514 459 10
T4 68085 95797 0 62
Total 162259 241503 1822 139
The above tables include calculated number of vehicles on the basis of norms, standards with
respect to the projected areas as per various land use.

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2.38 Parking Proposals

All the proposed residential, commercial and industrial development in the proposed project
has incorporated parking facilities for the workers, cargo and residents respectively inside the
dedicated site areas. Apart from these, dedicated road side parking facilities for the tourists
and other floating population commuting inside OSC have been proposed. Similar facilities
for cargo trucks, commuter buses have been provided at identified locations in the four land
parcels.

2.38.1 Proposed Roadways & Kerb Side Facilities

Detailed road network for the entire project site has been worked out on the basis of the
contour survey drawings and from the proposed land use plans. The road widths have been
allocated as per the location of various industrial, residential and commercial plot sizes with
appropriate road sections and street furniture incorporated (footpaths, cycle tracks, ROW’s,
etc.)

2.38.2 Proposed Public Transport Facilities

Bus Transit System

A commuter bus service is a fixed-route bus characterized by service predominantly in one

direction during peak periods, limited stops, use of multi-ride tickets and routes of extended
length, usually between the central business district and outlying suburbs. Commuter bus
services also include other services, characterized by a limited route structure, limited stops
and a coordinated relationship with another mode of transportation. Such transit system has
been proposed in the OSC project keeping in mind the total area of the township as well as
the frequency of other modes of transport available for the commuters. Proposing such
services in the project will not only help reduce personal transport but help improve
environmental conditions.

Figure 2-19 : Bus Transit Services

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Rent-a-Cycle System

A bicycle-sharing system is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to
individuals on a very short-term basis. Bike share schemes allow people to borrow a bike
from point A and return it at point B. The service is mostly free or with a nominal charge. It
helps in promoting non-motorized approach and is a very sustainable way for local commute.
Incorporating such transportation concepts will add value to the project. Such smart non-
motorized transit facilities have been included in OSC project.

Figure 2-20 : Bicycle Sharing Services

Source: Archived Images

Proposed Pedestrian Facilities

As the main vision of this project is to incorporate smart concepts into conventional
integrated township planning techniques, a stress will be given on promoting non-
motorized facilities and creating a pedestrian friendly environment in the entire township.
Adequate importance has been given to proposing vehicle-free zones, walking plazas,
pedestrian zones, walkways, etc. in the project. This will not only improvise the quality of
life of the users and residents but also help achieve an eco-friendly environment in the
township.

Traffic Management System

The Advanced Traffic Management System is a top-down management perspective that
integrates technology primarily to improve the flow of vehicle traffic and improve safety. The
primary approach of this system is increase transportation system efficiency, enhance
mobility, improve safety, reduce fuel consumption and environmental cost and increase
economic productivity. Such systems will be incorporated in the project.

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Figure 2-21 : Traffic Management System

Source: Archived Images

Proposed Road Network
The Road Network proposed in all four land parcels has been worked out on basis of the
proposed land-use and the topographical conditions. The placement of roads has been worked
out on the detailed slope analysis and study of the natural drains and gradients. At present 24-
meter-wide roads have been proposed with bridges at relevant locations. The following table
explains the proposed facilities:

Table 2-46 : Infrastructure related to road

Land Road Bridges

Parcel (In Kms) (Nos.)
T1 8.4 3
T2 2.2 -
T3 1.8 (24 mtr) & 0.8 (12 mtr) -
T4 1.7 (12 mtr) -

The road network related infrastructure is shown in Figure 2-22.

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Figure 2-22 : Map depicting road network related infrastructure

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2.39 Project Implementation and Scheduling

Orange Smart City Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. (OSCIPL), as the Project Proponent has the
overall responsibility for the planning, design, construction and operation of the Orange
Smart City (OSC). Proposed Master Plan of OSC is an orderly series of development
intended to provide physically balanced distribution of land uses that contributes towards and
facilitates the long-term fiscal and economic viability and a safe, efficient, attractive and
smart infrastructure facility providing flexibility to meet the short and long-range needs of the
OSC in a timely manner.
OSC Master Plan provides a strategic approach for construction work in Phases. The
scheduling of projects within the master plan has been prioritized to permit construction work
in a coordinated approach.
The Phasing has been planned considering required OSC demand at each stage, optimum
utilization of the available OSC land resources, minimum impact on existing and adjoining
development, safeguarding future unconstrained development by means of a coherent and
comprehensive phasing strategy. As per OSC proposed Master Plan, the development is
proposed to balance the overall demand and capacity in each stage of development.
As the development at OSC is spread over 4 sites within 10 Km of Radius. The development
at all the Sites will start concurrently to meet the growing demand in the region.
The proposed infrastructure development and supporting facilities including STP, ETP, WTP,
Sub Stations, Parking facilities, administrative buildings, etc. will be developed in 2 Phases.
The details of Phasing are as given in Table 2-47.

Table 2-47 : Details of phasing

Phase Timeframe
Phase I 2018 – 2021
Phase II 2021 – 2024

The implementation plans have been prepared considering overall development of OSC and
covers the entire 7-year master planning horizon, ending at Phase II (2021 - 24). The
implementation plan is driven primarily to provide entire Infrastructure Facility and need to
have the OSC commissioned by fiscal year 2020 – 21and infrastructure shall be completed by
developing infrastructure required to make the OSC operational like internal roads, all the
utilities, Fire Station, Parking facilities, Administrative Buildings, required fencing /
boundary wall, etc.

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The earth work for the entire OSC area is planned to be completed in the Phase I over the
entire site. The earthwork boundaries include undeveloped site required for the development
of the infrastructure including roads and services. This provides the platform for utilities
corridors and road pavements and structures, and the building foundations for essential
buildings to make OSC Operational.
Gross area of approx 600 acres shall be developed in Phase I (2017 – 2021) including OSC
management and administration offices, facilities like police station, required utilities,
healthcare facilities, Traffic and Transportation facilitates, Training Center & School,
facilities for entertainment & recreation, conference & exhibition facilities, etc.
The section below shows proposed OSC development of BIA, in phase I & II development
programme through 2021 – 2024. This staged development of projects will enable the OSC to
get operational and fulfill the demand and support the development in the region.

Sr. Project Description Implementation

No. (Phase)
1 Ground Improvement, Grading, Boundary Wall as per Phase I & Phase II
Master Plan
2 Roads Phase I & Phase II
3 Storm Water Phase I & Phase II
4 Skywalk / Underpass (Pedestrian & Vehicular / Phase I & Phase II
Bridges)
5 Water Supply Phase I & Phase II
6 Sewage Management Phase I & Phase II
7 Rain Water Harvesting Phase I & Phase II
8 Recycle Water Phase I & Phase II
9 Power & Electricity Phase I & Phase II
10 IT & Security Phase I & Phase II
11 Gas Supply Phase I & Phase II
12 Fire Station Phase I & Phase II
13 Solid waste Disposal System including collection Phase I & Phase II
14 Site Development Phase I
15 Parking Facility Phase I & Phase II
16 Landscape/Parks/Open Space Development Phase I & Phase II
17 All other essential Infrastructure, Utilities and Services Phase II
18 Entrance Gates Phase I & Phase II
19 Essential Buildings including OSC Management Phase I & Phase II
Building, Administrative Building, Training Center,
Hospital, Police Station, Police posts, security offices,
Common Service Blocks, Sports Club, etc.

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The long-term implementation schedule is given in section below:

2.40 Safety and Security Plan of Orange Smart City

Safety and Security becomes critical today as the nature of threat and risk in todays world is
multifaceted and multi-channelled and therefore, OSC Master Plan considers every aspect
and worked on holistic approach to safety and security with overall development at OSC.
Orange Smart City (OSC) being Greenfield smart city is planned with a holistic approach
which enables the entire infrastructure and people living in OSC to support the others which
creates an environment where people can live without worrying about safety. OSC is planned
with an integrated approach and created incredible places which allow strong, integrated
communities to flourish in an environmentally safe and secure space.
As safety & security becomes more critical, OSC is planned on principles of Crime
prevention through environmental design (CPTED), which shapes the Built Environment of
OSC, encourages legitimate use and discourage the illegitimate use within OSC. OSC has
also planned to standardized the CPTED working processes.
The physical built environment in OSC is planned with multidisciplinary approach having
maximum open space which discourages crime and minimise the opportunities for such
events. The built environment is designed to reduce crime opportunity and fear of crime
through natural, mechanical, and practical means. The OSC is designed with more open
environment, greater permeability which enable pedestrian and vehicle permissive with soft
controls. OSC master plan provides natural surveillance, visibility, accessibility, and shall be
attractive and robust.

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OSC is planned with integrated approach including infrastructure facilities which improves
system performance by leveraging synergies between multiple infrastructure systems.
The working population and residents of the OSC will be trained / reinforced with notions of
a “sense of ownership”. OSC will have its own natural and technical Surveillance, Access
control Situational Awareness and Incident Response system and shall ensure that the
physical environment transmits positive signals to all users, which leads to a reduction in the
fear and incidence of crime, and an improvement in the quality of life.
OSC is also proposed to use Information and Communications Technology (ICT) to manage
its critical functions (infrastructure and social systems) in smarter and more integrated ways,
which will benefit OSC in its overall development including increased efficiency, resiliency,
sustainability, economic growth and citizen quality of life.
OSC is planned with Central Control and Command Center (C4) at each site integrated with
entire infrastructure system, buildings, utilities, etc. The integrated system enforces standard
operating procedures (SOPs) and provides greater of all security activity in real-time single
view and helps OSC Authorities to implement and enforce rules and regulations. It also
enables situational awareness throughout its infrastructure and buildings by creating a unified
and interactive intelligence image, drawing, data from all sensors, showing the details of
incident and provide video from different sources. The combined image is constantly updated
and will be shared with the concern, thereby serving as a uniform basis for operational
planning and management and allocation of tasks.
OSC is also planned with Physical Security Information Management System (PSIMs),
which operates as part of an overall incident cycle that integrates all the security action
together. It is based on Plan, detect, react and analyze principles. The planned system through
C4 at OSC will enable Multi-Agency Collaboration, Situational Awareness, Video & Data
Analytics and Automated Processes.
C4 at OSC is planned to regulate various services and provide security and assistance in
disaster management and emergency situations. The main aim of C4 at OSC is as follows:

 Ensuring Safety and Security;

 Disaster Management & Emergency Services;

 Ensuring efficient services to the Users;

 Co-ordination and Integration among various service providers & Users and

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 Record keeping / documentation.

Also as part of overall development of OSC, the buildings in OSC shall be equipped with
intelligent building management system (IBMS) and same shall be connected to central
control and command center to provide interface between user and utility service providers.
In all buildings, arrangement or occupancy for firefighting will be provided with warning to
occupants, automatic fire detecting and alarm facilities, for the escape of occupants, or to
facilitate the orderly conduct of fire exit drills.
In addition to above, OSC is planned with an integrated technology that is embedded in city
infrastructure, such as integrated traffic management systems and public transport control
systems, weather intelligence, which is unified to facilitate crime prevention and to enable
emergency access or citizen evacuation in the event of a crisis.
Apart from making OSC safer in planning and design, it is also proposed to ensure that a
rigorous system is in place with clear processes and procedures and shall be rigorously
rehearsed.
Most of the natural calamities occur quite suddenly without any forewarning. OSC is in
district Raigad, Maharashtra, falls in seismic Zone IV. All the building and structures
including infrastructure and utility shall be earthquake resistant and shall be designed in
compliance with the codes of seismic Zone IV.
Further, the C4 at OSC will also be integrated with the government authorities including
District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) and Regional Disaster Management Centre
(RDMC) at Alibaugh and Mumbai. Warning / Alert shall be issued at time of any disaster
after confirmation and proper integrated evacuation system shall be planned for safe
evacuation of the residents and employees of the OSC.
OSC shall also design an effective Crisis Management Plan including establishing a
framework that best suits the needs of the built environment of OSC. A practical framework
will be prepared to ensure the unexpected does happen and the OSC authority shall be
prepared to respond flexibly within established processes to tackle the challenge.
OSC shall also have provision of periodical audit for Safety and security of the overall
development at OSC including Buildings, Infrastructure, Utility, Fire, etc.
OSC is environmentally safe and resilient future Smart City as it is cost effective and ensures
that there is no duplication of effort in trying to mitigate risks from a physical and
technological perspective. OSC ensures that security is coherent and non-obtrusive by

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designing security in to infrastructure and services it becomes part of daily life and doesn’t
become a burden on the citizen of OSC.

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Chapter 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

This chapter describes the existing environmental settings in the study area which has been
considered as the delineated Investment Region and an area of 15 km extending from the
boundary of the delineated ‘Orange Smart City’. The understanding of the baseline
environmental attributes is essential to identify any potential impacts and the potential change
on the natural and socio-economic environments.
The baseline data generation included site visits, primary environmental monitoring,
ecological surveys, social surveys and interviews, processing of satellite imagery and
secondary data review from established sources such as Indian Meteorological Department
(IMD), Census of India etc. The baseline environmental status for the study area has been
established through a comprehensive primary monitoring for three months extending from
March 2015 to May 2015. The environmental monitoring for ambient air quality, water
quality, soil quality, noise levels, meteorology and traffic survey of the study area extending
10km beyond the site boundary was carried out by Avanira Labs as per the Terms of
Reference (ToR) approved by the EAC CRZ and Miscellaneous Committee, Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF).

3.1 Methodology
The baseline assessment is based on project site assessment and reconnaissance survey of the
study area of 15 km radius around the boundary of the identified area. Baseline data is also
supplemented by secondary information collected from various literatures, documents, report
of previous surveys and also census data of the study area. Primary environmental baseline
data was collected during March 2015- May 2015.
Secondary data and information on various environment aspects like hydrogeology,
hydrology, drainage pattern, ecology, meteorology and socio-economic aspects were
collected from different institutions, government offices and literatures etc.
The baseline ambient air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise level and traffic density in
the study area is based on the monitoring conducted. The baseline sampling and monitoring
was done in compliance with applicable standards as prescribed by Central Pollution Control
Board (CPCB).

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The baseline study is structured in the following pattern:

 Land use study;

 Hydrogeology;

 Climate and meteorology;

 Ambient air;

 Ground and surface water quality

 Ambient Noise Level;

 Soil Quality;

 Ecology;

 Socio economic status.

The baseline study for all the attributes was carried out from March -2015 to May -2015.
The representative photographs of the baseline survey are given below:

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3.2 Land use Study

Significance of Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

3.2.1 Remote Sensing Technique

Remote sensing can be defined as the collection of data about an object from a distance.
Humans and many other types of animals accomplish this task with aid of eyes or by the
sense of smell or hearing. Earth scientists use the technique of remote sensing to monitor or
measure phenomena found in the Earth's lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and
atmosphere. Remote sensing of the environment by geographers is usually done with the help
of mechanical devices known as remote sensors. These gadgets have a greatly improved the
ability to receive and record information about an object without any physical contact. Often,
these sensors are positioned away from the object of interest by using helicopters, planes, and
satellites. Most sensing devices record information about an object by measuring an object's
transmission of electromagnetic energy from reflecting and radiating surfaces. These sensors
are either passive or active. Passive sensors detect energy when the naturally occurring
energy is available such as sun energy. Active sensors provide their own energy source as
radar waves and record its reflection on the target. Remote sensing imagery has many
applications in mapping land-use and cover, agriculture, soils mapping, forestry, city
planning, archaeological investigations, military observation, and geomorphological
surveying, among other uses.

3.2.2 Geographic Information System (GIS)

A geographic information system, geographical information science, or geospatial
information studies is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and
present all types of geographically referenced data. In the simplest terms, GIS is the merging
of cartography, statistical analysis, and database technology.
A GIS can be thought of as a system—it digitally creates and "manipulates" spatial areas that
may be jurisdictional, purpose or application-oriented for which a specific GIS is developed.
Hence, a GIS developed for an application, jurisdiction, enterprise or purpose may not be
necessarily interoperable or compatible with a GIS that has been developed for some other
application, jurisdiction, enterprise, or purpose. What goes beyond a GIS is a spatial data
infrastructure (SDI), a concept that has no such restrictive boundaries.

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Therefore, in a general sense, the term describes any information system that integrates,
stores, edits, analyzes, shares and displays geographic information for informing decision
making. GIS applications are tools that allow users to create interactive queries (user-created
searches), analyze spatial information, edit data, maps, and present the results of all these
operations.

3.2.3 Data Base

Satellite Data

IRS Resourcesat-2 L4FMX multispectral satellite data of 29th December 2014 was utilized
for the present study and shown in Table 3-1. The rectification of imagery was carried out on
to bring the digital data on the earth coordinate system by means of ground control point
(GCP) assignments from SOI toposheets.

Table 3-1: Details of Satellite Data

S.No. Satellite Sensor Scale Path & SOI Date of Pass
Row Toposheet
No.

1 IRS L4FMX 1:50,000 94 & 59 B E43H01, 29.12.2014

Resourcesat- &D E43H02,
2 E43H05 &
E43H06
(OSM
Series)

The spectral bands of IRS Resroucesat-2 data are furnished in Table 3-2 and Table 3-3
respectively.

Table 3-2: Characteristics of IRS Resourcesat-2 Data

Type of the Multi Spectral Bandwidth / Spectral Product Format /
Satellite Bands wave length resolution type scale
in microns (mts.)

1 IRS L4FMX 1:50,000 94 & 59 B E43H01,

Resourcesat-2 &D E43H02,
E43H05 &
E43H06
(OSM
Series)

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Table 3-3: IRS Resourcesat-2 L4FMX, Satellite Spectral Bands and their Principal
Applications
Band Wave Length Application
(microns)

2 0.52 - 0.59 Soil/vegetation differentiations, coniferous/deciduous flora

discrimination, vegetation vigour assessment, rock/soil
boundary differentiation, turbidity and bathymetry in
shallow water.
3 0.62 - 0.68 Strong chlorophyll absorption leading to discrimination of
vegetation types mining area, mapping of settlements and
transport network.
4 0.76 - 0.86 Delineation of surface water features, land forms / rock
types, mining area, mapping of settlements and transport
network.

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Figure 3-1: IRS Resourcesat-2 L4FMX Image of the Study Area

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Collateral Data, Other Data and Ground Verification

Field ground truth verification and preparation of the maps and reports has been carried out
based on satellite image and information map at 1:50,000 scale.
Visually interpreted 15 Km radius area of the satellite image and the interpreted features were
checked on the ground during the field visit by BEIPL team. Local Officials of forest,
revenue and agriculture department were contacted for additional/secondary information.
Modified field observations based on Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) legend was adopted for
finalizing the LU/LC maps.

Scale of Mapping

Satellite data interpretation was done at 1:50,000, which indicates that one unit of distance on
the map, corresponds to 50,000 of the same units on the ground. Thus, one centimeter on the
map refers to 50,000 centimeters (500m) on the ground.
Land Use/Land Cover Classification System
Land Use / Land Cover - Land Use refers to man's activity and the various uses, which are
carried on land. Land Cover refers to natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil, artificial
cover and others, resulting due to land transformation. The terms Land Use and Land Cover
are closely related and interchangeable. Knowledge about the existing land use and trends of
change is essential if the nation is to tackle the problems associated with the haphazard and
uncontrolled growth. The purposes, for which land is being used commonly, are associated
with different types of cover such as built-up land, agriculture, forest, wasteland, water body
and others.

Built-up Land

Built-up land is an area of human habitation developed due to non-agricultural use and all
manmade constructions covering the land surface. These are human settlements comprising
residential area, transportation and communication lines, industrial and commercial
complexes, utility and services etc. Collectively cities, towns and habitations are included
under this category. Their shape and multi-spectral response differentiate them from other
classes. Rabi season data provides better expression of built-up areas, which appear in
greenish blue tint whereas the interfering influence of extraneous features that are common in
Kharif season such as weedy vegetation, accumulated water in depression and low-lying

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areas are minimized. In the present study, it is further subdivided into settlements,
industrial/institutional areas and major transport network enclosed.

Agricultural Land

It is defined as the land primarily used for farming and production of food, fiber, and other
commercial and horticultural crops. It includes land under crops, fallow, plantations, etc.

Agriculture

It includes those lands with standing crop as on the date of satellite imagery. The standing
crops during June to October are known as Kharif crop, whereas standing crops during
November to March are classified as Rabi crops. It is further subdivided into single cropped
(Kharif or Rabi), double cropped and at places separated as irrigated and rain-fed. At places
this includes lands, which are partially submerged under water from June to mid January, but
later paddy and other vegetables are grown on them. They have distinct signatures on the
imagery i.e. whitish light green implying moist nature.

Plantation

It is described as an area under agricultural tree crops planted, adopting certain agricultural
management techniques. It includes orchards and other horticultural nurseries. Generally,
plantations are well separable from croplands during Rabi season by their relative low
response, particularly in red and infrared regions related to internal structure of their foliage
and sizable open areas of soil exposed between the trees.

Fallow Land

Cropland that is not seeded for a season; it may or may not be ploughed. The land may be
cultivated or chemically treated for control of weeds and other pests or may be left unaltered.

Forest

It is an area (within the notified forest boundary) bearing an association predominantly of

trees and other vegetation types capable of producing timber and other forest produce. In
forest where the vegetation density (crown cover) is 40% or above, is called dense or close

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forest. If it is between 10-40%, it is called open forest and below 10% is called degraded
forest.

Waste Land

Wastelands are described as degraded lands which can be brought under vegetative cover,
with reasonable efforts or which are currently under-utilized, or lands which are deteriorating
due to lack of appropriate water and soil management or on account of natural causes.
Wastelands include:

Undulating Land with or without Scrub

All other wastelands that do not qualify for placement under any of the aforementioned
wasteland categories are placed under this class. Besides scrubland, other lands with soils that
are too shallow, skeletal, concretionary, otherwise chemically degraded are included in this
category. It has been observed that scrub land often appears like fallow in Rabi seasons and
like crop land in Kharif seasons, which are discriminated by using multi temporal data.

Rocky/Stony/Barren Areas

Areas having rock exposures, stony wastes and barren ground without soil cover are
interpreted under this land use class.

Quarry/Mining Areas

Areas used for stone quarrying, brick industry and mining minerals are interpreted under this
land use class.

Water Bodies

A major share in this class is occupied by surface water either impounded in the forms of
ponds, lakes and reservoirs or flowing streams, rivers, canals, etc. These are clearly seen on
FCC (False Colour Composite) in blue greenish and black colours.

River/Stream

It is natural course of water along a definite channel. It may be seasonal or perennial.

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Reservoirs/Lakes/Tanks/Canals

A lake is a large body of surface impounded water, natural or artificial within the landmass.
Reservoir is a artificial lake created by construction of a dam across the river specifically for
(i) generation or hydroelectric power (ii) irrigation (iii) water supply for domestic and
industrial uses (iv) flood control; either singly or in combination. Tanks are small lakes or
pounded water. Canals are man made waterways constructed on land surface for irrigation.
There are number of small water bodies spread in the entire area

Wetlands

Wetlands are lands, transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water table
is usually at or near the surface, or the land is covered by the shallow water. These area areas
of marsh, fen peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with
water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water, the
depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters. Wetland is a generic term for water
bodies of various types, and includes diverse hydrological entities, namely lames, marshes,
swamps, estuaries, tidal flats, river flood plains, and mangroves.
Mangroves are various types of trees up to medium height and shrubs that grow in saline
coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and sub-tropics.

Others

Aquaculture ponds and salt pans are classified under others.

Methodology and Approach

The land use/land cover map is prepared by adopting the interpretation techniques of the
image in conjunction with collateral data such as topographical maps and census records.
Image classification can be done by using visual interpretation techniques and digital
classification using any of the image processing software. For the present study, ERDAS and
ArcView Softwares are used for pre-processing, rectification, enhancements and classifying
the satellite data for preparation of land use land cover map and assessing land use land cover
and land developmental activities.
The imagery is interpreted initially based on the secondary data available and image
characteristics. Thorough ground verification is done by BEIPL team to check each class of

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land use/land cover spread over the entire study area and final land use/land cover analysis is
made after necessary corrections. Flowchart showing the methodology adopted is presented
in Figure 3-2.

Figure 3-2: Flowchart of simplified methodology

Data Requirement
The data requirement for interpretation and analysis of land use and land cover of the study
area is as below:

Basic Data

 Fused data of L4FMX

 Survey of India Toposheets

 Local knowledge

 Area map on any scale to transfer details

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 Reports and other secondary data of the study area

 Ground Data

Ground data is very much essential to verify and to increase the accuracy of the interpreted
classes and also to minimize the field work.

Data Analysis
For analysis and interpretation of satellite data for land use and land cover mapping, the study
can be divided into three parts:

Preliminary Work

 To lay down the criteria for land use classification to be adopted

 To fix the size of mapping units, which depends upon the scale

 Interpretation of different land use/cover classes

 Demarcation of doubtful areas

 Preparation of preliminary land use/cover map

Field Work

 Type of ground data to be collected

 Selection of sample area for final classification

 Checking of doubtful areas demarcated

 Change in land use/cover areas wrongly identified and development of modified

nomenclature

 General overall verification

Post-Field Work

 Re-interpretation or correction of mismatch areas

 Transfer of details on base map

 Preparation of final land use/cover map

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In order to finalize the land use/land cover map, the pre-field interpreted map details were
revised on to the base map by additional field information, wherever necessary. Final
drawings were then digitized in CAD/GIS (AutoCad/ArcGIS) environment in order to
prepare a digital database.

3.2.4 Results of Land Use/Land Cover Mapping

Using the standard land use classification system proposed by NRSA, seven classes of level I,
twenty-one of level II land use/land cover classes were identified and mapped using satellite
data in the present study. Subsequently land use/land cover map of the study area (Figure
3-3) was digitally composed in ArcView module and the final area statistics was worked out
and presented in Table 3-4 Distribution of land use/land cover in the study area is depicted in
the form of a bar chart in Figure 3-4.

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Figure 3-3 : Land Use/Land Cover Map of 15 Km Radius Area

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Table 3-4 : Level-II - Land Use/Land Cover statistics of 15 km Radius Area

S. No Land Use Area Area (%)
(Hectares)

Level-I Level-II
1 Built-up Land
1.1 Settlements 3116 2.99
1.2 Industry/Institutional Land 2461 2.36

1.3 New Development/Layout 40 0.04

1.4 Express Highway 15 0.01

2 Forest
2.1 Dense/Open Forest 19377 18.57
2.2 Degraded Scrub 4539 4.35
2.3 Forest Blanks 1796 1.72
3 Agricultural land
3.1 Plantation 218 0.21
3.2 Irrigated/Double Crop 1534 1.47

3.3 Other Agriculture Land 19508 18.69

3.4 Fallow Land 3207 3.07

4 Waste Land
4.1 Land with/without Scrub 31833 30.50

4.2 Rocky/Stony/Barren Land 3796 3.64

4.3 Quarry/Mining Land 138 0.13

5 Water Body
5.1 Stream/River/Canal 4579 4.39
5.2 Reservoir/Tank/Pond 1408 1.35
5.3 Water Logged 110 0.11
6 Wetlands
6.1 Mudflats/Marshy Land 1696 1.62

6.2 Mangroves 4370 4.19

7 Others
7.1 Aquaculture Ponds 243 0.23
7.2 Salt Pans 379 0.36
Total 104364 100.00

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Figure 3-4: Distribution of LU/LC in 15 Km Radius Area

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3.3 Primary Hydrogeological Survey

3.3.1 Project Context
M/s Orange Smart City Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. are planning to develop an Smart Integrated
Township in four patches namely T1 to be covered by villages Boregaon, Shene, Ambeghar
& Virani, T2 & T4 to be covered by villages Belawade Khurd, Belawade Budruk, Walak,
Padale & Mungoshi and T3 by Kopar, Ambiwali, Balawali, Govirle & Hamrapur, tehsil Pen
and district Raigad, Maharashtra. The project shall occupy more than 1000 acres land.
The proposed project is going to occupy a huge land mass in the Western Ghats. Therefore, in
order to understand the groundwater regime in the project as well as surrounding area in a
proper way to assess the probable impacts of the proposed activity on the geology,
groundwater and surface water of this neighbourhood and to design appropriate Rainwater
Harvesting Scheme suitable for proposed project site for conservation of this precious natural
resource, systematic Hydrogeological study was carried out in and around project area. This
assignment was handled by M/s Sujalam Consultants, Nagpur. Name of Mr. S. A. Kothe –
Head Sujalam Consultants is approved by QCI NABET (accredited vide Accreditation
Committee Meeting for Surveillance Assessment held on May 12, 2017) as empanelled
functional area expert for Hydrology and Groundwater and Geology

3.3.2 Methodology
Methodology used for survey is given as follows:

 Reconnaissance visit to assess Geology, Soil, Topography, and drainage within

study area.

 To understand the hydrogeological regime within study area along with

groundwater bearing structures and their performance.

 To assess water level fluctuation in study area.

 To assess probable impacts of the proposed activity on the Surface and

Groundwater regime in the study area.

 Baseline data & Quality Control

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3.3.3 Location and Accessibility

The project area is located approx. 5 km away in eastern direction from the nearest town and
the taluka place i.e. Pen. The location map for the project area is given as Fig-3.8. The project
site is accessible by all season road connecting Pen and Khopoli with the site.

Climate and Rainfall

The climate of the Raigad district is typical of west coast and characterized with plentiful and
regular seasonal rainfall, oppressive weather in summer and high humidity throughout the
year. The mean minimum temperature is 17.7°C and mean maximum temperature is 31.8°C.
The analysis of long term rainfall data indicates that normal annual rainfall over the district
ranges from 2200 mm to more than 3000 mm in the plains and it is above 5000 mm in the
hills. The minimum rainfall is in the northwest around Uran (2197 mm) and maximum

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around Mahad (3360 mm). (Source: CGWB Report). The long term rainfall data of Raigad
district is given in Fig-3.9.

Physiography and Geology

Physiography: The Oraange Smart City Project area is divided in four patches and these
patches occupy diverse topography from a steeply sloping hilly terrain situated at higher
elevations to almost plain topography along lower contours.
Parcel T1 i.e. the area between Boregaon, Ambeghar, Virani and Shene is the largest land
mass and covers an area of 723.33 acres. It occupies the highest portion along its southern
boundary having an elevation of about 225 meter above mean sea level (m, amsl) which
descends down to an altitude of little over 26 m where it meets the river.
Parcel T2 and T4: Occurs in two patches near villages Belawade Budruk, Belawade Khurd,
Padale, Mugoshi and Walak. T2 site has relatively flat ground. The ground elevation of this
parcel ranges from 80 m to 55 m. For T4 , elevation ranges from 55m to 7m.

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.
Parcel T3: This land area occurs adjacent to Govirle, Ambiwali, Balawali, Kopar and
Hamarapur. For T3, elevation ranges from 80m to 40m. The site is generally flat at top
hacving slope leading to Balganga river. T3 patially falls under CRZ-III and hence only those
activities permitted under CRZ-III will be carried out on the affected area.
Soil: The soil in this area is varied in color and texture. The soil at higher elevation is
coarse grained and reddish to brownish red in color owing to less time for soil development
and frequent washing during monsoon. The soil observed in ravines and valleys attains
slightly black color. However, the soil along the foot hill portions and along the lowermost
portions deposited along the banks of rivulets and streams is distinctly black colored.

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Drainage: The proposed Integrated Industry Hub Project area is divided in four patches i.e.
T1, T2, T3, and T4. Bhogeshwari River forms Northern boundary of T1 patch and this area
comes under the Bhogeshwari River catchment.
Balganga river forms Northern boundary of T3 patch and this area comes under Balganga
River catchment. These two rivers meet Arabian Sea. Whereas patch T2 & T4 are situated on
water divide of this two rivers.
Geological Setup: Deccan Trap Basalt of upper Cretaceous to lower Eocene period is the
sole rock formation in this area. This rock occupies considerable portion of the Central India,
covering significant portion in states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka. Nearly 82% of geographical area of Maharashtra state
alone is made up of this rock (Refer Fig. 3). This rock is formed due to solidification of lava
flows owing their origin to volcanic eruption. In the study area too, two layers of this rock,
separated from each other by an intervening layer of soft, weathered rock and red soil are
observed. The thickness of the individual layers is generally 12 mtrs. to 30 mtrs.

Interpretation of baseline data

Hydrogeological Observations

Groundwater Occurrence: The groundwater formation depends upon the topography as

well as the subsurface geology in the area of interest. In the case of Orange Smart City

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project, the topography, as well as the subsurface rock are obstructing to the groundwater
formation in this locale. However, the groundwater is not intensively used in this area.
The project area occupies a steeply sloping, highly undulating land occupying the highly
placed plateau and hill slope portions. It is comprised of Deccan trap basaltic rock. Primarily,
this rock has low porosity and permeability and hence, is considered as “Hard” from
groundwater occurrence point of view. These factors are found to play vital role in poor
groundwater occurrence in the study area. The hydrogeological map sourced from District
brochure of Raigad district (Published by CGWB) is shown as Fig. 5.
In the project area, the groundwater occurs both- under phreatic i.e. water table condition,
providing water to open dug wells and semi-confined condition tapped by means of bore
wells.

Dug wells: The dug wells in study and surrounding area are found to be located particularly
in the ravines and low-lying gully portions and along the surface water courses (Plate 1).

Figure 3-5: Hydrogeology, Raigad district, Maharashtra

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They are found 8 to 10 m in depth bgl. The static water level (pre-monsoon) in this region is
reported to be ranging from 8.5 to 9.0 m bgl, while the same (post monsoon) is observed to
be almost at par with the Ground level. These structures are largely found to be used as
domestic water source with irrigation on insignificant extent.
Bore wells: The study and surrounding area hosts few bore wells. These are observed along
the lower reaches. They are found to tap the semi confined and confined aquifer in this area.
They are reported to be 90 to 100 m in depth bgl. Majority of bore wells are fitted with hand
pump while few are installed with low capacity pumps as per requirement.
Integrated Industry Hub will not utilize the ground water. It has planned to take water from
nearby Hetawane dam. However, this area is categorized as “SAFE” for further groundwater
utilization by Central Groundwater Board (Ministry of Water Resources, Government of
India).

Plate 1: Dug well adjacent to streamlet

3.4 Climate and Meteorology

3.4.1 Introduction
Micro-meteorological data within the study area during the air quality survey period is an
indispensable part of air pollution studies. The meteorological data recorded during the

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monitoring period is a useful tool for the interpretation of the baseline condition as well as for
the input to predictive models for air quality dispersion.
The period for the meteorological monitoring was from March 2015 – May 2015.

3.4.2 Methodology
The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the standard norms
laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards, and the India Meteorological Department (IMD).
On site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological variables in order to generate
the site-specific data. The data generated has been compared with meteorological data
generated by nearest observatory at Murud.
Site specific meteorological data
An automatic weather monitoring station was installed at a height of 10 meters from the
ground level at proposed site to monitor parameters of wind speed and wind direction,
temperature, & relative humidity. The 24 hourly meteorological data was collected for the
study period from March 2015- May 2015. The data is recorded as the maximum, minimum,
instantaneous value, and average value of all the readings collected during the proceeding
hour. Monitoring was done as per IS: 8829: Micro-meteorological Techniques in Air
Pollution. The details of parameters monitored, equipment used and the frequency of
monitoring are given in Table 3-5

Table 3-5: Meteorological Parameters Monitored At Site

Sr. No Parameters Instruments Frequency
1. Wind speed Counter Cup Anemometer Hourly /Continuous
2. Wind direction Wind vane Hourly /Continuous
3. Temperature Thermo sensor Hourly /Continuous
4. Relative humidity Thermo –hydro sensor Hourly /Continuous

3.4.3 Secondary data

The secondary data for meteorological variables such as wind speed, wind direction and
temperature for the period March -2014 to May 2014 was collected from the nearest IMD
station Murud and the synopsis is presented in Table 3-6 below:

Table 3-6 : Synopsis of secondary meteorological data (IMD station Murud)

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Month Wind speed Temperature (0C)

(m/sec)
Max Min Avg Max Min Avg
March -2014 4.1 0 1.2 38.6 17.8 27
April-2014 3.9 0 1.4 36.6 19.2 27.7
May -2014 4.6 0 1.5 34.3 23.8 29.6

3.4.4 Observations based on the secondary data

The secondary data of Murud IMD station was analysed w.r.t wind pattern and temperature.
The month –wise interpretation of the secondary data is presented below:

March -2014
Wind pattern:

The wind pattern is presented in the form of wind rose for the month of March -2014 (Figure
3-6). The wind rose reflects that the predominant wind direction is from East followed by the
W-NW quadrant. The wind speed varied from 0 m/sec to 4.1 m/sec, while the average was
computed to be 1.2 m/ sec. The wind speed frequency distribution chart for the month of
March-2014 is presented in Figure 3-7 and reflects that the wind speed class - 0.5m/sec to 2.1
m/sec was found to be predominant (about 79.7%) most of the time during the month of
March 2014. The frequency of calm period prevailed for 1.9% of during the month.

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Figure 3-6:Wind rose (IMD station –Murud) – March 2014

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Figure 3-7 : Wind class frequency distribution chart of IMD Murud (March-2014)

Temperature
The temperature varied from 17.80C to 38.6 0C with the average being 270C.

April 2014
Wind pattern

The wind pattern is presented in the form of wind rose for the month of April -2014 (Refer
Figure 3-8). The wind rose reflects that the predominant wind direction is from the W-NW
quadrant followed by the East direction. The wind speed varied from 0 m/sec to 3.9 m/sec,
while the average was computed to be 1.4 m/ sec. The wind speed frequency distribution
chart for the month of April 2014 is presented in

Figure 3-9 and reflects that the wind speed class - 0.5m/sec to 2.1 m/sec was found to be
predominant (about 69.3%) most of the time during the month of April - 2014. The frequency
of calm period prevailed for 1.3% during the month.

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Figure 3-8:Wind rose for the month of April -2014 (IMD Murud)

Figure 3-9: Wind class frequency distribution chart (April-2014) – IMD Murud

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Temperature

The temperature varied from 19.2 0C to 36.6 0C with the average being 27.70C during the
month of April-2014.

May 2014
Wind pattern

The wind pattern is presented in the form of wind rose for the month of May -2014 (Refer

Figure 3-10). The wind rose reflects that the predominant wind direction is from the W
direction followed by the East direction. The wind speed varied from 0 m/sec to 4.6 m/sec,
while the average was computed to be 1.5 m/ sec. The wind speed frequency distribution
chart for the month of May - 2014 is presented in Figure 3-11 and reflects that the wind speed
class - 0.5m/sec to 2.1 m/sec was found to be predominant (about 63.3%) most of the time
during the month of May - 2014. The frequency of calm period prevailed for 1.5% during the
month.

Figure 3-10: Wind rose for the month of May -2014 (IMD Murud)

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Figure 3-11 - Wind class frequency distribution (May -2014) –IMD Murud

Temperature

The temperature varied from 23.8 0C to 34.3 0C with the average being 29.6 0C during the
month of May-2014.

Seasonal (March 2014 – May 2014)

Wind pattern

The seasonal wind pattern is presented in the form of wind rose from the month of March -
2014 – May 2014 (Refer Figure 3-12) The wind rose reflects that the predominant wind
direction is from the W-NW quadrant followed by the East direction. The wind speed varied
from 0 m/sec to 4.6 m/sec, while the average was computed to be 1.37 m/ sec. The wind
speed frequency distribution chart for the period from March – 2014 to May -2014 is
presented in Figure 3-13 and reflects that the wind speed class - 0.5m/sec to 2.1 m/sec was
found to be predominant (about 70.8%) most of the time during the season (March 2014 –
May 2014). The frequency of calm period prevailed for 1.5% during the season (March 2014
– May 2014).

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Figure 3-12 Wind rose for the period March -2014 to May-2014 –IMD Murud

Figure 3-13 : Wind class frequency distribution (March 2014-May 2014) –IMD Murud

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Temperature

The temperature varied from 17.8 0C to 38.6 0C with the average being 28.1 0C during the
season. (March 2014 – May 2014).

Total monthly rainfall

The total monthly rainfall was collated for the IMD station from IMD publication
“Climatological Normals 1981-2010” and is presented in the Figure 3-13

Figure 3-14 : Total monthly rainfall for IMD station Alibag

The chart reflects that the lowest total monthly rainfall was for the month of February (0.1
mm) and highest for the month of July (730.7 mm)
Primary site specific meteorological data
The primary site specific meteorological parameters viz., wind speed, wind direction and
temperature were recorded for the period from March 2015 – May 2015 were recorded by
installing onsite meteorological weather station on the site at an anemometric height of 10m
above the ground level. The synopsis of the findings is presented in Table 3-7 below.

Table 3-7: Synopsis of site specific meteorological data (March 2015 – May 2015)
Month Wind speed (m/sec) Temperature (0C)

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Max Min Avg Max Min Avg

March -2015 5.5 0 1.25 39.1 18 26.8
April-2015 6 0 1.6 36 20.9 27.7
May -2015 4.6 0 1.57 34 23.4 29.4

3.4.5 Observations based on the site specific meteorological data

The site-specific data of Orange Smart City was gathered for the period from March 2015 to
May 2015 was analysed w.r.t temperature and wind pattern. The month–wise interpretation
of the same is presented below:

March 2015
Wind pattern

The wind pattern is presented in the form of wind rose for the month of March -2015 (Refer
Figure 3-15). The wind rose reflects that the predominant wind direction is from W-NW
quadrant followed by the East direction. The wind speed varied from 0 m/sec to 5.5 m/sec,
while the average was computed to be 1.25 m/ sec. The wind speed frequency distribution
chart for the month of March-2015 is presented in

Figure 3-16 and reflects that the wind speed fraction in the range of 0.5m/sec to 2.1 m/sec
was found to be predominant (about 75%) most of the time during the month of March 2015.
The frequency of calm period prevailed for 4.2% during the month.

Temperature

The temperature varied from 18 0C to 39.1 0C with the average being 26.80C during the
month of March-2015.

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Figure 3-15 : Site specific wind rose (March 2015)

Figure 3-16 : Wind class frequency distribution (March -2015)

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April 2015
Wind pattern

The wind pattern is presented in the form of wind rose for the month of April -2015 (Refer
Fig.3.15(A)). The wind rose reflects that the predominant wind direction is from W-NW
quadrant followed by the East direction. The wind speed varied from 0 m/sec to 6.0 m/sec,
while the average was computed to be 1.61 m/ sec. The wind speed frequency distribution
chart for the month of April- 2015 is presented in Figure 3-17 and reflects that the wind
speed fraction in the range of 0.5m/sec to 2.1 m/sec was found to be predominant (about
65%) most of the time during the month of April 2015. The frequency of calm period
prevailed for 1.5% during the month.

Figure 3.15 (A) : Site specific wind rose (April 2015)

Temperature

The temperature varied from 20.9 0C to 36 0C with the average being 27.70C during the
month of April- 2015

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Figure 3-17 Wind class frequency distribution (April -2015)

May 2015

The wind pattern is presented in the form of wind rose for the month of May-2015 (Refer
Figure 3-18). The wind rose reflects that the predominant wind direction is from W direction
followed by the East direction. The wind speed varied from 0 m/sec to 4.6 m/sec, while the
average was computed to be 1.57 m/ sec. The wind speed frequency distribution chart for the
month of May -2015 is presented in Figure-3.18 and reflects that the wind speed fraction in
the range of 0.5m/sec to 2.1 m/sec was found to be predominant (about 62.4%) most of the
time during the month of May 2015. The frequency of calm period prevailed for 1.3% during
the month.

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Figure 3-18 : : Site specific wind rose (May 2015)

Figure 3-19 : Wind class frequency distribution ( May 2015)

Temperature

The temperature varied from 23.40C to 34 0C with the average being 29.40C during the month
of May-2015.

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Seasonal Wind Pattern

The seasonal wind pattern is presented in the form of wind rose from the month of March -
2015 – May 2015 (Refer Figure 3-20). The wind rose reflects that the predominant wind
direction is from the W-NW quadrant followed by the East direction. The wind speed varied
from 0 m/sec to 6.0 m/sec, while the average was computed to be 1.48 m/ sec. The wind class
frequency distribution chart for the period from March – 2015 to May -2015 is presented in
Figure 3-21 and reflects that the wind speed fraction in the range of 0.5m/sec to 2.1 m/sec
was found to be predominant (about 67.5%) most of the time during the season (March 2015
– May 2015). The frequency of calm period prevailed for 2.4% during the season.

Figure 3-20 : Seasonal wind pattern (March 2015 – May 2015)

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Figure 3-21: Wind class frequency distribution (March 2015 – May 2015)

3.4.6 Conclusion
The primary site-specific data especially the wind speed and wind direction are in general
agreement with the data of IMD station Murud. There is slight variation in the wind direction
on account of the difference in the period of recording.

3.5 Ambient Air Quality

The existing ambient air quality of the study area provides an assessment of pollution load
and assimilative capacity of region and forms an important tool for planning further
development in the area. Main air pollution sources in the study area include industrial
emissions from vehicular traffic and from domestic burning of fuel. Monitoring of ambient
air in the study area was done to assess the ambient air quality in the study area and also to
check the conformity with the ambient air quality standards specified by Central Pollution
Control Board (CPCB).
Ambient air quality monitoring was conducted at 14 locations; details are given in
Table 3-8. The monitoring locations have been selected primarily based on the predominant
wind direction and are depicted in Figure 3-22. The other factors considered while selection
of the monitoring stations includes-

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 Topography

 Representative nature of the sample

 Accessibility

 Location of receptors

 Availability of power

Table 3-8 Monitoring Stations for Air Quality Assessment

Sr. Location Sample Distance from the Geographical Direction
No. Code boundary of Location from the
nearest land boundary of
parcel (km) the nearest
land parcel
1 Onsite of T3 AQ1 2.98 w.r.t T4 18°48'21.68"N NW
Land Parcel 73° 4'54.59"E
2 Downwind of T3 AQ2 4.52 w.r.t T4 18°48'53.77"N NW
at Rave village 73° 4'8.77"E
3 Upwind of T-3 at AQ3 1.50 w.r.t T4 18°48'36.59"N NW
Kharoshi Padale 73° 6'2.84"E
Village

4 Onsite T-4 Land AQ4 Project site at T4 18°46'39.19"N ---

Parcel 73° 6'51.91"E

5 Downwind of T- AQ5 1.23 km w.r.t T4 18°47'39.15"N NW

4 at Balavali 73° 5'54.32"E
Village

6 Upwind of T-4 at AQ6 1.3 km w.r.t T4 18°47'19.72"N NE

Nidhavali 73° 7'30.23"E
Village

7 Onsite T-2 Land AQ7 Project site T2 18°45'48.89"N ---

Parcel 73° 8'14.23"E

8 Downwind of T- AQ8 0.44 w.r.t T2 18°45'22.82"N SW

2 at South of 73° 7'38.90"E
Belawade
Budruk

9 Upwind of T-2 at AQ9 3.64 w.r.t 18°45'54.28"N E

base of Hills T2 73°10'34.16"E

10 Onsite T-1 Land AQ10 Project site T1 18°42'32.00"N ---

Parcel 73° 8'4.01"E
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Sr. Location Sample Distance from the Geographical Direction

No. Code boundary of Location from the
nearest land boundary of
parcel (km) the nearest
land parcel

11 Downwind of T- AQ11 1.02 w.r.t T1 18°43'1.00"N E

1 at Wirani 73° 9'16.66"E
Village

12 Upwind of T-1 at AQ12 0.27 w.r.t T1 18°42'32.77"N W

Talavali Village 73° 7'11.64"E

13 Crosswind in AQ13 1.74 w.r.t T4 18°48'52.88"N NNW

North of the 73° 6'18.50"E
Project area at
Village Jui Khur
14 Crosswind in AQ14 2.82 w.r.t 18°40'20.62"N SW
South of the T1 73° 6'1.37"E
Project area at
Village Shene

3.5.1 Sampling Period, Frequency and Parameters

During the period from March 2015 to May -2015. 24-hourly samples were collected twice a
week from each location. The following air pollution parameters were measured by sampling
during the sampling period.

 Particulate Matter less than 10µm (PM10)

 Particulate Matter less than 2.5µm (PM2.5)

 Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

 Oxides of nitrogen (NO2)

 Carbon monoxide (CO)

 Hydrocarbon (HC)

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Figure 3-22 : : Map depicting the ambient air quality monitoring locations

3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Procedure

A brief description of the sampling and analytical procedures followed during the ambient air
quality survey is as follows:

Particulate Matter
PM10

The sampling of ambient air for evaluating PM10 levels were performed with a Fine Dust
Sampler NPM-FDS 2.5 A without PM2.5 Inlet. The PM10 concentrations were evaluated
gravimetrically and computed from the average air flow rate, sampling Period and the mass
of particulate matter collected over the filter paper.

PM2.5

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Ambient air enters the NPM-FDS 2.5 A with impactor through an inlet designed to provide a
clean aerodynamic cut-point for particles greater than 10 microns. Particles in the air stream
less than 10 microns proceed to a “WINS” impactor that has an aerodynamic cut point at 2.5
microns. The air sample and fine particulates exiting from the PM2.5impactor is passed
through a 47mm diameter filter membrane that retains the Fine Particulate Matter. The
PM2.5 concentrations are evaluated gravimetrically and computed from the mass of PM2.5
collected on filter paper and total volume of air sampled.

Sulphur Dioxide

The sampling of ambient air for evaluating the gaseous pollutants was performed with a
Multi-gas Sampler, using the vacuum created by the sampler for drawing the air samples
through the impingers. For SO2, air was drawn at a measured and controlled rate of 400 to
500 ml/min through a solution of potassium tetrachloro mercurate. After completion of the
sampling, the used absorbing reagent was treated with dilute solutions of sulfamic acid,
formaldehyde and para-rosaniline hydrochloride. The absorbance of the intensely colored
para-rosaniline methyl sulphonic acid was measured and the amount of SO2 in the sample
was computed. The ambient SO2 concentrations were computed from the amount of SO2
collected and the volume of air sampled.

Oxides of Nitrogen

Air was drawn at a measured and controlled rate of about 500 ml/minute through an orifice-
tipped Impinger containing solutions of sodium hydroxide and sodium arsenite. After
completion of the sampling, an aliquot of the used absorbing solution was treated with
solutions of H2O2, sulphanilamide and NEDA. The nitrite ion present in the Impinger was
calculated from the absorbance of the resulting solution. The ambient NOx concentrations
were computed from the total nitrite ion present in the impingers, overall efficiency of the
Impinger and the procedure, and the volume of air sampled.

Hydrocarbon

Rubber Bladder and Aspirators have been used to collect the samples for hydrocarbon. The
HC levels were analyzed through Gas Chromatography.

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Carbon Monoxide

Rubber Bladder and Aspirators have been used to collect the samples for carbon monoxide.
The CO levels were analyzed by NDIR Technology.

Techniques for Measurement

The techniques used for measurement of pollutants may be summarized in Table 3-9 as
under:
Table 3-9 : Measurement Techniques
S.N. Pollutant Code of Practice Methods of
Measurement
1 Particulate Matter (size IS-5182 (PART- Gravimetric
less than 10 µm) or PM10 23):2006 & CPCB
2 Particulate Matter (size Guidelines
less than 2.5 µm) or PM2.5
3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) IS-5182 (Part- Improved West and
II):2001 & CPCB Geake
Guidelines
4 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) IS-5182 (Part-VI): Modified Jacob &
2006 & CPCB Hochheiser (Na-
Guidelines Arsenite)
5 Hydrocarbon (HC) NIOSH 1500 Gas Chromatography
6 Carbon Monoxide (CO) IS: 5182 (Part-X) & Non Dispersive Infra-
CPCB Guidelines Red (NDIR)
spectroscopy
7 Volatile Organic NIOSH 2549 Gas Chromatography
Compounds (VOC)

The ambient air quality monitoring was undertaken twice a week for a period of twelve
weeks. One set of 24-hour average samples were collected continuously. Analytical results of
the air monitoring are presented in Table 3-10 below. The results of the CO monitored are
presented in Table-4.11.

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Table 3-10 : Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results

Pollutant
Location SO2 NOx PM10 PM2.5
code 98th 98th 98th 98th
Min Max Average %tile Min Max Average %tile Min Max Average %tile Min Max Average %tile
AQ1 11.74 22.75 19.09 22.33 34.25 51.64 42.62 50.23 48.16 64.46 54.36 50.23 24.42 38.42 27.48 35.18
AQ2 9.05 12.65 11.06 12.48 17.28 22.52 20.7 22.37 47.68 54.28 50.84 53.43 20.21 27.49 24.36 27.09
AQ3 8.15 12.95 10.3 12.72 47.68 54.28 50.84 23.12 36.19 50.33 41.87 49.32 17.21 25.56 20.66 24.63
AQ4 9.58 15.02 12.79 14.91 19.15 29.15 24.44 28.23 47.02 61.25 56.41 60.81 23.27 31.78 27.94 31.36
AQ5 12.79 15.02 9.58 10.94 12.58 23.25 17.99 22.23 35.1 43.2 38.74 42.73 15.77 20.65 17.76 20.53
AQ6 8.75 10.44 6.5 10.35 12.21 20.42 17.35 20.3 36.02 43.38 38.73 43.11 16.76 21.31 18.95 20.96
AQ7 13.55 17.41 15.47 17.28 22.45 29.15 25.35 29.12 43.45 58.67 50.96 56.59 21.14 29.79 24.55 29.017
AQ8 6.65 10.44 8.54 9.98 13.15 20.34 17.41 20.2 34.85 40.18 37.96 40.03 15.82 20.28 18.2 20.25
AQ9 7.27 11.35 8.82 10.78 12.62 23.3 18.05 22.35 35.08 41.5 38.46 41.1 17.06 20.85 18.82 20.62
AQ10 14.1 18.63 16.1 18.51 20.22 28.95 25.43 28.84 54.2 64.12 59.53 64.11 19.06 22.85 20.81 22.62
AQ11 7.27 11.35 8.82 10.77 12.62 23.3 18.05 22.35 35.08 41.5 38.46 41.09 17.06 20.85 18.81 20.62
AQ12 9.42 14.62 11.9 14.48 18.3 23.65 21.13 23.46 40.65 53.02 46.94 52.95 19.87 26.77 23.32 26.56
AQ13 9.88 15.11 12.31 14.79 19.24 25.1 21.26 24.54 47.17 52.45 49.52 52.19 17.21 26.33 23.48 26
AQ14 8.93 14.65 11.45 14.63 14.3 23.66 19.3 23.43 35.77 49.32 42.7 49.3 17.2 21.65 19.2 21.61
CPCB
80 80 100 60
limits

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Table 3-11 Summary of CO results

Location Pollutant
code CO
98th
Min Max Avg %tile
A1 0.2 0.7 0.37 0.65
A2 BDL BDL BDL BDL
A3 BDL BDL BDL BDL
A4 0.1 0.6 0.38 0.6
A5 BDL BDL BDL BDL
A6 BDL BDL BDL BDL
A7 0.1 0.4 0.26 0.4
A8 BDL BDL BDL BDL
A9 BDL BDL BDL BDL
A10 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.76
A11 BDL BDL BDL BDL
A12 BDL BDL BDL BDL
A13 BDL BDL BDL BDL
A14 BDL BDL BDL BDL
Note: All values in mg/m3

3.5.3 Inferences for the CO results

The average CO concentration recorded at all the sampling locations are well below the
prescribed CPCB limits of 2 mg/m3. The minimum value recorded was 0.1 mg/m3 at onsite
T-4 land parcel (AQ4). The maximum value recorded was 0.2 mg/m3 at onsite of T3 land
parcel (AQ-1). The 98 percentile values ranged from 0.4 mg/m3 to 0.76 mg/m3 .The average
values varied from 0.26 mg/m3 to 0.4 mg/m3.

Particulate Matter – PM10

The average PM10 concentration recorded at all the sampling locations are well below the
prescribed CPCB limits of 100μg/m3. The minimum value recorded was 34.85 μg/m3 at
downwind of T-2 at South of Belawade Budruk (AQ8). The maximum value recorded was
64.46 μg/m3 at onsite of T3 land parcel (AQ-1). The 98 percentile values ranged from 20.2
μg/m3 to 50.23 μg/m3. The high values of PM10 can be attributed to the terrain and sandy
soil type of the region. The average values varied from 17.35 μg/m3 to 50.84 μg/m3. The
graphical representation is provided in Figure 3-23

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Figure 3-23 : Graphical representation of the maximum values of PM10

Note: All figures in μg/m3

Particulate Matter – PM2.5

The average PM2.5 concentration recorded at all the sampling locations are well below the
prescribed CPCB limits of 60μg/m3. The minimum value recorded was 15.77 μg/m3 at
downwind of T-4 at Balavali village (AQ5). The maximum value recorded was 38.42 μg/m3
at onsite of T3 land parcel (AQ-1). The 98 percentile values ranged from 20.25 μg/m3 to
35.18 μg/m3. The high values of PM2.5 can be attributed to the terrain and sandy soil type of
the region. The average values varied from 17.76 μg/m3 to 27.94 μg/m3. The graphical
representation is provided in Error! Reference source not found..

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Figure 3-24: Graphical representation of maximum values of PM2.5

Note: All values in µg/m3

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

The average concentrations of SO2 were found to well within the prescribed CPCB limit of
80 μg/ m3. The concentrations of sulphur dioxide in the region are observed to be in the range
of 6.65 to 22.75 μg/ m3. The maximum values of SO2 were recorded at Onsite of T3 land
parcel (AQ-1). The average values ranged from 6.5 μg/ m3 to 19.09 μg/m3 and 98 percentile
values varied from 9.98 μg/ m3 to 22.33 μg/m3. The graphical representation of observations
is presented in Figure 3-25.

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Figure 3-25 : Graphical representation of maximum values of SO2

Note: All values in µg/m3

Oxides of Nitrogen

The minimum NOx concentration was observed to be 12.21 μg/ m3 at Upwind of T-4 at
Nidhavali Village, (AQ6). The maximum NOx concentration observed is 54.28 μg/ m3 at
Upwind of T-3 at Kharoshi Padale Village (AQ-3). The 98 percentile values measured were
in the range of 20.2 μg/ m3 and 50.23 μg/ m3. The average values ranged from 17.35 μg/ m3 to
50.84 μg/ m3. The NOx concentrations were within the prescribed norms of 80 μg/m3 as per
NAAQS guidelines. The observations of NOx are presented graphically in Figure 3-26

Figure 3-26 :Graphical representation of maximum values of NOx

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Hydrocarbons (HCs) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

The HCs and the VOCs were found to be below detectable limit throughout the study period
at all the locations.

3.6 Water quality

3.6.1 Introduction
“Water quality” is a term used here to express the suitability of water to sustain various uses
or processes. Any particular use will have certain requirements for the physical, chemical or
biological characteristics of water; for example limits on the concentrations of toxic
substances for drinking water use, or restrictions on temperature and pH ranges for water
supporting invertebrate communities. Consequently, water quality can be defined by a range
of variables which limit water use. Although many uses have some common requirements for
certain variables, each use will have its own demands and influences on water quality.
Quantity and quality demands of different users will not always be compatible, and the
activities of one user may restrict the activities of another, either by demanding water of a
quality outside the range required by the other user or by lowering quality during use of the
water. Efforts to improve or maintain a certain water quality often compromise between the
quality and quantity demands of different users. There is increasing recognition that natural
ecosystems have a legitimate place in the consideration of options for water quality
management. This is both for their intrinsic value and because they are sensitive indicators of
changes or deterioration in overall water quality, providing a useful addition to physical,
chemical and other information.
The composition of surface is dependent on natural factors (geological, topographical,
meteorological, hydrological and biological) in the drainage basin and varies with seasonal
differences in runoff volumes, weather conditions and water levels. Large natural variations
in water quality may, therefore, be observed even where only a single watercourse is
involved. Human intervention also has significant effects on water quality. Some of these
effects are the result of hydrological changes, such as the building of dams, draining of
wetlands and diversion of flow. More obvious are the polluting activities, such as the
discharge of domestic, industrial, urban and other wastewaters into the watercourse (whether
intentional or accidental) and the spreading of chemicals on agricultural land in the drainage
basin.

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Water quality is affected by a wide range of natural and human influences. The effects of
human activities on water quality are both widespread and varied in the degree to which they
disrupt the ecosystem and/or restrict water use. Pollution of water by human faeces, for
example, is attributable to only one source, but the reasons for this type of pollution, its
impacts on water quality and the necessary remedial or preventive measures are varied.
Faecal pollution may occur because there are no community facilities for waste disposal,
because collection and treatment facilities are inadequate or improperly operated, or because
on-site sanitation facilities (such as latrines) drain directly into aquifers. The effects of faecal
pollution vary. In developing countries intestinal disease is the main problem,
The quality of water may be described in terms of the concentration and state (dissolved or
particulate) of some or all of the organic and inorganic material present in the water, together
with certain physical characteristics of the water. It is determined by in situ measurements
and by examination of water samples on site or in the laboratory. The main elements of water
quality monitoring are, therefore, on-site measurements, the collection and analysis of water
samples, the study and evaluation of the analytical results, and the reporting of the findings.
The results of analyses performed on a single water sample are only valid for the particular
location and time at which that sample was taken. One purpose of a monitoring programme
is, therefore, to gather sufficient data (by means of regular or intensive sampling and
analysis) to assess spatial and/or temporal variations in water quality.
With respect to the aforesaid Six (6) groundwater samples and eight (8) surface water
samples was collected from the study area for analysis of existing water quality in the area.
Monitoring Stations for Water Quality Assessment
Sampling was carried out once during the study period (March 2015 – May 2015). The
details of sampling stations are depicted in Table 3-12. The ground water sampling locations
are shown in Figure 3-27 and surface water in Figure 3-28.

Table 3-12 : Water quality monitoring locations

Sr. Location Sample Distance from the Geographical Direction from
No. Code boundary of site Location the centre of site
1 T-3 Land Parcel GW1 ---- 18°47'44.35"N ---
73° 5'12.22"E
2 T-4 Land Parcel GW2 ---- 18°47'13.50"N ----
73° 6'47.63"E
3 T-4 Land Parcel GW3 ---- 18°46'44.55"N ----
73° 6'51.75"E
4 T-2 Land Parcel GW4 ---- 18°45'53.24"N ---
73° 8'14.15"E
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Sr. Location Sample Distance from the Geographical Direction from

No. Code boundary of site Location the centre of site
5 T-1 Land Parcel GW5 ----- 18°43'8.67"N ----
73° 8'7.63"E
6 T-1 Land Parcel GW6 ---- 18°41'49.35"N ----
73° 7'44.60"E
1. Upstream of the SW1 3.05 18°49'45.23"N N
Balganga River 73° 5'15.47"E
2. Downstream of SW2 1.3 18°48'7.62"N E
Balganga River 73° 5'45.50"E
3. Ambhegar Dam SW3 1.3 18°44'44.45"N S
73° 8'2.26"E
4. Hetwane Dam SW4 5.4 18°42'49.86"N E
73°11'46.36"E
5. Kasar Talao SW5 3.2 18°44'10.30"N NNW
73° 6'2.82"E
6. Modi Dam SW6 2.7 18°43'36.83"N SW
73° 6'3.41"E
7. Upstream of the SW7 1.1 18°43'20.18"N SE
Bhogeshwari River 73° 8'32.06"E
8. Downstream of SW8 1.7 18°43'58.65"N NNW
Bhogeshwari River 73° 6'54.48"E

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Figure 3-27 : Map depicting ground water quality locations

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Figure 3-28 Map depicting surface water quality locations

3.6.2 Sampling and Analysis Methodology

Ground water Sampling was carried out by APHA 1060 B & C Method. The ground water
samples were analyzed for parameters as per IS: 10500 standards and the analysis was
undertaken as per IS: 3025 and relevant APHA (American Public Health Association)

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standard methods. The results of the analysis are presented in Table 3-13 and Table 3-14 .
The summary of results is presented in the following sub sections.

3.6.3 Water Quality Inference

Ground Water Quality:

The parameters analyzed at four locations (GW1,GW2, GW3 and GW5) are chemically and
bacteriologically non potable w.r.t the parameters given in Table 3-13. A snapshot of the
parameters close to / exceeding the desirable limits as per IS10500-2012 is presented below:
Total hardness at GW6 (199.35 mg/lit) is close to the desirable limit of 200mg/lit as per IS-
10500 -2012.
Calcium (as Ca) at GW6 (76.09 mg/lit) slightly exceeds the desirable limit of 75 mg/lit as per
IS-10500 -2012.

Table 3-13 : Ground Water Quality results

IS
Sr. Parameter 10500
No Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 Limits
Physical Parameter
1 Turbidity NTU 0.6 1 1 1.9 1 0.6 <1.0
2 TDS mg/lit 293 298 289 285 286 304 <500
Chemical Parameter
1 pH -- 6.6 6.94 6.67 6.6 7.1 6.61 6.5-8.5
E.
2 µS/cm 521.1 425 510 510 490.2 515.69 N.S
Conductivity
Total
3 Hardness as mg/lit 127.45 128.36 155.56 140.52 145.75 199.35 <200
CaCO3
Total
4 Alkalinity as mg/lit 115.79 112.63 96.15 107.89 114.21 117.89 <200
CaCO3
Chloride as
5 mg/lit 12.25 11.76 17.15 12.74 18.88 48.02 <250
Cl
Sulphate as
6 mg/lit 3.69 8.38 26.96 28.38 23.27 22.57 <200
SO4
7 Fluoride as F mg/lit 0.41 0.83 0.01 0.53 0.69 0.14 <1.0
Residual
8 mg/lit <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 >0.2
chlorine
Nitrate as
9 mg/lit 0.01 0.49 0.5 0.01 0.01 1.73 <45
NO3
Elemental Testing
1 Calcium as mg/lit 30.11 28.15 29.08 27.9 10.05 76.09 <75

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IS
Sr. Parameter 10500
No Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 Limits
Ca
Magnesium
2 mg/lit 12.9 14.46 15.25 19.89 3.605 14.88 <30
as Mg
3 Iron as Fe mg/lit 0.25 0.13 0.06 0.145 0.07 1.74 <0.3
4 Copper as Cu mg/lit <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.05
Cadmium as
5 mg/lit <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.003
Cd
Chromium as
6 mg/lit <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.05
Cr
7 Lead as Pb mg/lit 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01
Selenium as
8 mg/lit <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Se
Manganese
9 mg/lit <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1
as Mn
10 Zinc as Zn mg/lit 0.01 0.02 <0.01 0.065 <0.01 0.02 <5.0
Sodium as
11 mg/lit 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.09 1.12 1.17 N.S
Na
Potassium As
12 mg/lit 0.21 0.35 0.3 0.32 0.42 0.4 NS
K
Microbiological Parameter
Total
1 MPN/100ml 1600 1600 220 <2 1600 2 Absent
Coliform
Fecal
2 MPN/100ml 27 900 2 <2 350 <2 Absent
Coliorm

Surface water quality:

The surface water quality was analyzed at 8 locations within the study area once during the
study period (March-2015 to May-2015). The surface water quality parameters when
compared with IS 2296 class-C reflects that the water is chemically and bacteriologically
non-potable at three locations (SW3, SW4 and SW5) while it is potable at all other five (5)
locations. The surface water quality results have been depicted in Table 3-14.

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Table 3-14 Surface water quality results

As per IS:
2296 Class C
Sr. No Parameter Name Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 (Clause 3.3)
Physical Parameters
1 Turbidity NTU 0.9 0.97 0.6 0.63 2.1 0.83 0.92 0.22 NS
2 TDS mg/lit 412 350 63 61 193 70 255 222 <1500
Chemical Parameters
1 pH -- 7.09 6.85 7.25 7.33 6.71 7.29 7.35 7.25 6.5-8.5
2 E. Conductivity µS/cm 690.2 490.2 190.2 490.2 289.46 240.2 359.85 390.2 NS
3 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/lit 155.1 123.96 42.48 41.2 81.96 43.6 129.5 115 NS
4 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/lit 82.63 65.96 39.47 37.6 43.68 39.2 53.1 59 NS
5 Chloride as Cl mg/lit 105.64 106.56 7.84 7.65 18.62 7.82 94.48 72.38 <600
6 Sulphate as SO4 mg/lit 80.29 49.12 4.69 4.56 17.52 4.66 42.85 22.21 <400
7 Fluoride as F mg/lit 0.25 0.33 0.19 0.17 0.46 0.17 2.1 1.07 <1.5
8 Residual chlorine mg/lit <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 NS
9 Nitrate as NO3 mg/lit 0.72 0.77 0.05 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.68 0.66 <50
Elemental Testing
1 Calcium as Ca mg/lit 56.9 58.3 9.72 8.63 15.94 7.42 49.3 29.44 NS
2 Magnesium as Mg mg/lit 39.6 37.5 3.645 2.43 6.265 3.43 20.3 17.12 NS
3 Iron as Fe mg/lit 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 <50
4 Copper as Cu mg/lit 0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 <1.5
5 Cadmium as Cd mg/lit <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
6 Chromium as Cr mg/lit <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.05
7 Lead as Pb mg/lit <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1
8 Selenium as Se mg/lit 0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.05
9 Manganese as Mn mg/lit <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 NS
10 Zinc as Zn mg/lit 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 <15

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As per IS:
2296 Class C
Sr. No Parameter Name Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 (Clause 3.3)
11 Sodium as Na mg/lit 1.12 1.09 0.89 1.09 0.76 0.69 1 0.56 NS
12 Potassium As K mg/lit 0.38 0.32 0.22 0.32 0.49 0.12 0.22 0.02 NS
Microbiological Parameters
1 Total Coliform CFU/100ml 240 252 300 266 1600 273 233 233 5000
2 Faecal Coliform MPN/100ml 130 133 17 15 34 18 111 129 NS

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3.7 Ambient Noise Quality

3.7.1 Introduction
The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency. Noise in
general is sound, which is composed of many frequency components of various loudness
distributed over the audible frequency range. Various noise scales have been introduced to
describe, in a single number, the response of an average human to a complex sound made up
of various frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common and universally
accepted scale is the scale which is measured in dB(A). This is more suitable for audible
range of 20 to 20,000Hz and weighs the components according to the response of a human
ear. The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:

 Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in

nature.)

 The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in
residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance.

 The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which
determines the loudness and period of exposure.

The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise Induced
Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance; depending on loudness of noise levels. The main
objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise levels, and
assess the impact of the likely noise expected due to construction and operation of various
industries in the proposed industrial estate.
Noise survey has been conducted in the study area covering two zones viz., Residential, and
Industrial. The noise monitoring has been undertaken for 24 hrs at each location.

3.7.2 Methodology
A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the major noise
generating sources in the area. The monitoring has been conducted at 8 locations in the study
area. Noise levels were recorded continuously over 24 hours period. The details of the
locations are provided in Table 3-15 and shown in Figure 3-29

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Figure 3-29 : Noise monitoring locations marked on Google Earth

Table 3-15 : Details of Ambient Noise Locations

Station Station Name Geographical Distance Direction Zone as
code Co-ordinates w.r.t nearest w.r.t per CPCB
land parcel nearest
site (km) land parcel
site
N1 Onsite of T-3 18°48’24.78” N Project site --- Residential
Land Parcel 73° 4’51.41” E T3
N2 Crosswind of T- 18°48’27.79” N 0.84 w.r.t T3 E Residential
3 at Kopar 73° 5’20.20” E
village
N3 Downwind of T- 18°48’10.80” N 0.43 w.r.t T3 S Residential
3 at Jite village 73° 4’49.67” E
N4 Onsite of T-4 18°47’11.59” N 0.14 w.r.t T4 W Residential
Land Parcel 73° 6’23.85” E
N5 Downwind of T- 18°46’44.35” N 0.03 w.r.t T4 W Residential
4 at Mungoshi 73° 7’11.77” E

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Station Station Name Geographical Distance Direction Zone as

code Co-ordinates w.r.t nearest w.r.t per CPCB
land parcel nearest
site (km) land parcel
site
Village
N6 Upwind of T-4 18°46’24.77” N Project site --- Residential
at Ambivali 73° 7’14.47” E T4
village
N7 Upwind of T-2 18°45’46.36” N Project site --- Residential
at Belvade 73° 8’2.96” E T2
village
N8 Downwind of T- 18°42’6.04” N 0.02 w.r.t T1 E Residential
1 within Land 73° 8’15.52” E
Parcel
N9 Upwind of T-1 18°41’29.51” N 0.06 w.r.t T1 SW Residential
Wirani Village 73° 8’4.06” E
N10 Crosswind of T- 18°42’31.76” N 0.18 km w.r.t SW Residential
1 abutting Plot 73° 7’15.48” E T1
Boundary
N11 Crosswind of T- 18°43’7.17”N Project site --- Residential
1 within land 73° 8’9.76” E T1
parcel

3.7.3 Method and Parameters for Monitoring

Noise levels were measured using an Integrating Sound Level Meter manufactured by Rion
(model no. NL – 20). The sound level meter measures continuous equivalent noise level
(Leq). Noise measurements were undertaken at all location for 24 hours. The day noise level
has been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all
ambient locations.

3.7.4 Parameters Measured during Monitoring

Equivalent sound Pressure Level (Leq): The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level
which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the
same period. This is necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely
during a given period of time.
The instrument internally performs the statistics of frequency distribution for the set time
period (in this case one-hour) and hourly Leq are obtained at each location. These hourly Leq
is added logarithmically to obtain 24 hours Leq as well as Lday and Lnight levels.

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Lday is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (10
am to 6 pm). The Leq value measured for each individual hour and then averaged for 10 am
to 6 pm and is known as Lday
Lnight is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night
(10 pm to 6 am). The Leq value measured for each individual hour and then averaged for 10
pm to 6 am and is known as Lnight
Further the noise rating developed by EPA for specification of community noise from all
sources is the day night sound level, Ldn. It is similar to a 24 hour equivalent sound level
except that during the night period, which extends from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m. A 10 Dba
weighing penalty is added to the account for the fact that noise at night when people are
trying to sleep is judged more annoying than the same noise during the day time.

3.7.5 Results and discussion

The equivalent noise levels viz. Leq (24hrly), Lday, Lnight at ambient locations for summer
season are presented in Table 3-16.

Table 3-16 : Noise quality monitoring results

Location Lday Lnight
code Location name (day) (night)
N1 Onsite of T-3 Land Parcel 42.8 32.5
N2 Crosswind of T-3 at Kopar village 42.5 33.1
N3 Downwind of T-3 at Jite village 42.6 33.8
N4 Onsite of T-4 Land Parcel 42.2 34.9
N5 Downwind of T-4 at Mungoshi Village 43.5 32.5
N6 Upwind of T-4 at Ambivali village 43.3 34.2
N7 Upwind of T-2 at Belvade village 42.9 32.9
N8 Downwind of T-1 within Land Parcel 42.9 32.9
N9 Upwind of T-1 Wirani Village 43.9 33.7
N10 Crosswind of T-1 abutting Plot Boundary 42.9 32.8
N11 Crosswind of T-1 within land parcel 43.1 32.9
CPCB standards
Day Night
Sr. No Land use Time time
1. Industrial 75 70
2. Commercial 65 45
3. Residential 55 45
4. Silence Zone 50 40
Note : All figures in dB(A)

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The variation of the Leq (day) and Leq (night) are diagrammatically represented in the
Figure 3-30 and

Figure 3-31 respectively.

Figure 3-30 : Variation in Leq (day) during the study period (March 2016 to May -2016)

Figure 3-31 : Variation in Leq (night) during the study period (March -2016 to May -2016)

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3.7.6 Observations
Residential Zone

Noise levels (Leq) observed during daytime in this zone is in the range of 42.2 (Onsite of T4
Land parcel) to 43.9 dB (A) (Upwind of T-1 Wirani Village) while during nighttime it is 32.5
(Downwind of T-4 at Mungoshi Village) to 34.9 dB (A) (Onsite of T4 Land Parcel).The Leq
during day and night is within the prescribed CPCB limits for residential zone.

3.8 Soil quality

Soil Characteristics

3.8.1 Introduction
Soil is the end product of the influence of the climate such as temperature, precipitation,
slope, organisms, parent materials and time. Soil is composed of particles of broken rock
which have been altered by physical, chemical and biological processes that include
weathering with associated erosion. The soils of the district are formed from the Deccan trap.
The project site is barren land suitable for industrial development. The study region has
many areas where green vegetation can be seen indicating that for trees and shrubs, the soil
quality is good.
Shallow to Medium Deep soil is identified in study region. This soil is composed of various
disintegrated rocks of the overlying trap formation, with a varying proportion of calcareous
substances. It is reddish, light brown in colour. Rice is a major crop commonly observed in
study area followed by Pulses, oil seeds and vegetables

3.8.2 Methodology
The sampling locations have been finalised with the following objectives:

 To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area; and

 To determine the impact on agricultural productivity of soil due to the proposed

industrial estate.

Soil sampling locations were chosen based on a reconnaissance survey of the area and
prevailing activities within the 10 km study area. Samples were collected by hand sampling
augurs from surface region. All the soil samples were taken at depth of 60 cm. Samples were
homogenised before testing. The samples were packed in dependable, waterproof containers
and analysed as per APHA, C.A. Black (Soil Chemical Analysis) and IS: 2720 (Physical

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Parameters). The sampled soil quality results are presented in Table-4.18 and are described in
the further subsections. The soil sampling locations are depicted in Figure 3-32 and details of
the same are tabulated in Table 3-17.

Table 3-17 : Details of soil sampling locations

Sr. Location Sampling Geographical Co- Direction Description of the
No code location name ordinates w.r.t location
project
site
1 S1 Onsite of T-3 18°48'12.10"N N Barren Land
Land Parcel on 73° 4'51.71"E
North
2 S2 Onsite of T-3 18°47'33.25"N S Mild vegetation
Land Parcel on 73° 5'18.87"E
South
3 S3 Onsite of T-4 18°47'30.27"N N Hilly terrain
Land Parcel on 73° 6'44.40"E
North
4 S4 Onsite of T4 18°46'7.53"N S Agricultural field
Land Parcel on 73° 7'9.01"E
South
5 S5 Onsite of T-2 18°45'50.98"N -- Agricultural field
land parcel 73° 8'9.71"E
6 S6 Onsite of T-1 18°43'7.29"N N Barren Land
land parcel on 73° 8'1.93"E
North
7 S7 Onsite of T-1 18°42'20.42"N --- Barren land
land parcel in 73° 7'56.32"E
Centre
8 S8 Onsite of T-1 18°41'24.20"N S Hilly terrain
land parcel on 73° 7'47.28"E
South

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Figure 3-32: Map depicting the soil sampling locations

The results quality sampling survey are presented in Table 3-18

Table 3-18 : Results of soil sampling
Sr
.No Parameter Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
Physical Parameter
1 Salinity percent 0.02 0.004 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05
Water Holding
percent 50 55 60 55 60 65 68 75
2 Capacity
Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay
Soil texture -- Clay Clay Clay
3 Loam Loam Loam Loam Loam
Chemical Parameter
1 pH -- 5 .99 6.46 6.06 6.36 6.44 6.34 6.49 6.82
Electrical
µS/cm 476 78 339 265 225 190.1 201.4 308.1
2 Conductivity
Total Organic
percent 3.15 3.22 9.91 4.35 3.54 3.26 3.63 5.66
3 Matter
4 Total Nitrogen mg/kg 1120 910 2380 2170 1890 1750 1863 1533
Sodium
Absorption -- 2.85 0.96 1.42 1.39 2.02 8.97 9.39 9.2
5 Ratio
Elemental Testing
1 Potassium as K mg/kg 493.4 242.6 383.1 62.4 333.8 876.5 892.2 882.5
Phosphorous as
mg/kg 1054 2575 2601 999 1738 1592 1660 1663
2 P
3 Sodium as Na mg/kg 513 100.4 178.7 166.8 401.5 1467 1556 1557
4 Calcium as Ca mg/kg 5965 1193 1793 1399 4460 7385 7860 7651

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Sr
.No Parameter Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
Magnesium as
mg/kg 2825 1476 2052 2003 5137 7388 7581 7755
5 Mg
6 Iron as Fe mg/kg 28810 22570 47300 16070 49760 48230 47361 44662
7 Copper as Cu mg/kg 121.3 294.3 654.8 251.1 470.6 298.87 305.26 310.25
Manganese as
mg/kg 1848 3622 6157 3894 6338 5870 5982 5525
8 Mn
9 Zinc as Zn mg/kg 117.2 193.2 327.7 128.8 240.2 204.8 222.3 211.07
10 Nickel as Ni mg/kg 64.78 97.97 163.7 87.43 167.8 179.6 186.5 186.4

3.8.3 Results and discussion

The soil samples were analysed for all the important parameters like pH, electrical
conductance, calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. The soil
characteristics are tabulated in Table – 4.18 The NPK represents the nutrients available in the
soil, which directly indicates the soil fertility. The range of variation of different parameters
found in the study area is explained briefly below.

Soil Texture Classification

The soil texture for all the locations was observed to be Clay and Clay loam. The soil texture
classification for the eight soil samples is depicted below:

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pH

The pH of the all samples collected were in the range of 5.99 to 6.82 i.e. moderately acidic to
slightly acidic as per the ranges and classification of pH given by Department of Agriculture.
(Source: Method Manual, Soil Testing in India, 2011). It is a very important property of soil
as it determines the availability of nutrients, microbial activity and physical condition of soil.

Electrical Conductivity

Electrical conductivity (EC) expresses ion contents of solution which determine the current
carrying capacity thus giving a clear idea of the soluble salts present in the soil. The
Collected Soil samples was highly saline. Electrical Conductivity value ranges from 78 µs/cm
to 476 µs/cm.

Water Holding Capacity

Water holding capacity as the amount of water held in the soil. Soil structure influences the
extent of pore space in the soil, water holding capacity, aeration, root movement and the
nutrient availability. The better and more stable soil aggregates are considered as a desirable

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soil property with regard to plant growth. Water holding capacity of Collected Soil samples
ranges from 50 to 75 %.

Calcium and Magnesium

The important cations present in soil are calcium and magnesium. It is observed that both
calcium and magnesium concentrations are in the range of 1193 to 7860 mg/kg and 1476 to
7755 mg/kg respectively whereas sodium and potassium are in the range of 100.4 to 1557
mg/kg and 62.4 to 892.2 mg/kg respectively.

Micronutrients

The concentration of micronutrient in the soil was observed in the ranges of 16070 to 49760
mg/kg for iron, 1848 to 6338 mg/kg for manganese, 117.2 to 327.7 mg/kg for zinc, 121.3 to
654.8 mg/kg for copper and 64.78 to 186.5 mg/kg for nickel. Thus it was observed that the
soils from the study area are enriched in micronutrients like Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe although
they show varying range.
Organic matter present in soil influences its physical and chemical properties of soil. Soil OM
is important to a wide variety of soil chemical, physical, and biological properties. As soil
OM increases, so does CEC, soil total N content, and other soil properties such as water
holding capacity and microbiological activity. Organic matter, total nitrogen and phosphorous
are found to be in the range of 3.15 to 9.91 %, 910 to 2380 mg/kg and 999 to 2601 mg/kg
respectively. These soils are having high range of organic matter content and total nitrogen
content in the soil. Also having high range of Phosphorus and Potassium content thus shows
good fertility level and fulfil the minimum nutrient requirement for plant.
Soil Type in the Study area
Based on Soil map of Raigad district (Source - NBSS & LUP, Nagpur), soil of the study area
is classified as shallow to moderate deep. The soil map of the area is shown in section below

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3.8.4 Interpretation
The construction activities will result in loss of vegetation which along with digging and
excavations in the project area would make the land susceptible to erosion during rainy
season. The top soil removed will be reused for proposed landscaping purpose. The project
would involve compaction of soil due to construction activities and landscaping towards the
later part which would reduce the chance of subsidence. The photographs of soil from tree
plantation within the Plot and agricultural fields in surrounding area are shown in Exhibit 1)

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Exhibit 1: The photographs of soil from tree plantation within the Plot and agricultural fields
around surrounding area

3.9 Topography
3.9.1 Site Topography
Topography of the project area is hilly with most of the usable area is at top table lands. The
project area is divided in to four Parcels T1, T2, T3 & T4. The distance between these Parcels
varies from 2 to 3 km.
The site having a good topography ensures that despite the heavy rains and monsoon in the
region, the water shed will drain the water away from the site. The site also offers good
potential for water conservation on site through the creation of Catchment basins that can be
large enough to create a special water front development and activity zone in some sites.
With wonderful picturesque locations offer great opportunities to create landmark urban
infrastructure elements such as bridges and viewpoints for enjoying and showcasing the
development along with its proposed landscape and water conservation areas.
Beyond causing clear constraints from an engineering perspective, the sheer number of slopes
on the Site adds to its uniqueness, and is considered an attribute which will be highlighted in
development choices.

T1 land parcel

This Parcel is situated at southern catchment of Hetavane river. A South –North valley
divides this Parcel in two hills. Side slopes of the valley are nearly 1v:2.5h. This valley has
upstream maximum elevation of 220m and downstream minimum elevation of 26m where it
meets the river, whereas ridge has highest elevation of 340m at top. An irrigation canal from
Hetavane dam also runs at base of this Parcel. The T1 topography is depicted in Figure 3-33.

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Figure 3-33 : Topography of T1

T2 Parcel

T2 Parcel has relatively flat ground. The ground elevation of this Parcel ranges from 80m to
55 and approximate slope of 1v:10h
The T2 topography is depicted in Figure 3-34 below:

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Figure 3-34 : Topography of T2 land parcel

T3 land parcel

This land parcel is divided by downstream river of Govirle dam.

The drainage channel passes next to T3 Site connecting to Balganaga River. The T3 is
directly accessible from the National Highway-66 (Mumbai-Goa Highway) to the East, which
is connecting the site to Panvel, Mumbai, Navi-Mumbai, JNPT and Karanja Port to the
North-West and Alibag and Dharmatar Port to the South-West.
The Northern part of the site has a visibility and frontage to the National Highway-66 and
thus provides an opportunity to be one of the major ingress / egress points to site.
The Site is bordering the Balganga River has potentials of enhancing the site with a natural
frontage. The topography of the T3 site is depicted in Figure 3-35

Figure 3-35 : Topography of T3 land parcel

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T4 land parcel

This Parcel is situated at base of major hills on West. T4 Parcel is made up of eighteen small
land parcels and two major parcels. One of the major parcel have ground elevation ranges
from 55m to 7m. And other major parcel is relatively hilly ground with elevations ranges
from 86m to 12m. The topography collectively including the elevation and the slope is
depicted in Figure 3-36.

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Figure 3-36 : Topography of T4 land parcel

3.10 Drainage Pattern

T1 land parcel

Two valleys have divided this Parcel into two major catchments. Hence most of the storm
water runoff from hill top is discharging into these two river tributaries.

T2 Land Parcel

Natural drainage pattern of this Parcel is towards NW direction.

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T3 Land Parcel

As Govirle Dam discharge River divides this Parcel into two parts most of the storm runoff
goes into this river and Balganga River.

T4 Land Parcel

There is no fixed drainage pattern for this Parcel due to variation in slope directions

3.11 Ecology and Biodiversity

3.11.1 Introduction
The understanding of the ecological environment plays a significant role in the overall
environment impact assessment of any area. The biological parameters, including the plants,
animals, modifications in the habitat conditions, etc. are critical indicators, which need
consideration during an EIA study. The conservation and sustainable use of natural
ecosystems and biodiversity is essential to support sustainable development with biological
resources providing raw materials for livelihoods,sustenance, trade, medicine and industrial
development. Protecting forests and other natural ecosystems can provide a host of services
that reduce human vulnerability to natural hazards along with benefits of global value such as
carbon sequestration, hydrological and geo-chemical cycling of essential elements.
In any Environment Impact Assessment study, it is necessary to identify the baseline levels of
relevant biological environmental parameters which are likely to be affected as a result of the
construction and operation of the proposed project.
The various project activities and their impacts need to be identified and assessed during the
course of an EIA study considering the significant biological environment surrounding it. As
a part of the present EIA study, BEIPL team has conducted a detailed ecology study of the
project area, which provides an assessment of the baseline ecological parameters of the
region as well as the consequential effects of the project development on these parameters.
The study is also used to identify the various alternatives that are available with the
developers to minimize the adverse ecological impacts. This would be done through
identification and implementation of action plans with an objective to introduce design for
environment in the early stages of the development. Considering the rich biodiversity and
ecological fragility of the project surrounding, it is very important to identify the impacts of
the different project activities on the surrounding flora and the fauna.

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The biological study was undertaken to understand the present status of terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems of the study area.

3.12 Objectives of the study

The present study was undertaken with the following objectives to assess both terrestrial and
aquatic habitats of the study area:

 To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the existing
project site.

 To assess the flora and fauna of the study area.

 To understand the ecology of the marine, estuarine and freshwater water bodies.

 To ascertain the migratory routes of fauna, presence of breeding grounds and

sensitive habitats in the study area, if any.

 To assess the presence of protected areas in the study area.

 To review the information from secondary sources and discuss the issues of
concern with the relevant authority and stakeholders.

 Impact prediction based on primary and secondary data sources to formulate

mitigation measures.

3.12.1 Methodology
To achieve the above objectives a detailed study of the area was undertaken with the Project
site as its centre. The different steps followed were as given below:

 Compilation of secondary data with respect to the study area from published
literature and Government agencies;

 Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the

study area;

 Primary data collection for flora through field surveys from the selected locations
to know the vegetation cover qualitatively.

 Faunal studies by taking transect in the study area to spot the fauna and also to
through secondary indicators such as pugmarks, scats, fecal pallets, calls and other
signs.

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 Sample collection and analysis following standard methods for aquatic biological
components including the marine intertidal and subtidal habitats

 Discussions with local people to collect information with local about plants,
anilmals and their uses

The locations for terrestrial (including mangroves), freshwater and marine (including
estuarine {subtidal and intertidal}) sampling locations are shown in section below and the
details are given in Table-4.19.

3.12.2 Secondary data from Published Literature

Ecological Settings
From the ecological point of view, it was first determined whether the project site falls within
the ecological sensitive area of Western Ghats as per the report of the Western Ghats Ecology
Panel under chairmanship of Prof Mahdav Gadgil, Report of the High Level Working Group
on Western Ghats under chairmanship of Dr. K. Kasturiragan and the second draft
notification no. S.O 2435(E) dated 4th September 2015 issued by the MoEF&CC. However
there are some villages notified as ESA and are within the 15 km radius buffer zone of the
project which are enlisted in the section below

Villages in the 15-km radius of Orange Smart City notified as Ecological

Sensitive Area

Sr. Taluka Village Distance from the project

no. boundary (km)

1. Sudhagarh Tadgaon 8.6

Uddhar 12

2. Khalapur Karambeli 10.97

Talavali 11.54
3. Roha Palas 12.32
Kondgaon 12.8

The map depicting these villages on the Google Earth image along with the respective
distances from the project boundary is shown in Figure 3-37.

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Figure 3-37 : Map depicting the Eco sensitive areas within the 15 km radial study area
of the project boundary
Execpt Tadgaon rest of the eco-sensitive villages are 10 km away / are over 10km away from
the project site

3.12.3 Western Ghat

Western Ghats is one of the eight "hottest hot-spots" of biological diversity in the world. The
range runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates the
plateau from a narrow coastal plain, called Konkan, along the Arabian Sea. A total of national
parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserve forests were designated as world heritage sites - four
in Maharashtra.
The area is one of the world's ten "Hottest biodiversity hotspots" and has over 7,402 species
of flowering plants, 1,814 species of non-flowering plants, 139 mammal species, 508 bird
species, 179 amphibian species, 6,000 insects species and 290 freshwater fish species; it is
likely that many undiscovered species live in the Western Ghats. At least 325 globally
threatened species occur in the Western Ghats.
The Western Ghats form one of the four watersheds of India, feeding the perennial rivers of
India. The major river systems originating in the Western Ghats include Godavari, Kaveri,
Krishna, Thamiraparani and Tungabhadra. Majority of streams draining the Western Ghats
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join these rivers and carry large volume of water during the monsoon months. These rivers
flow to the east due to the gradient of the land and drain out into the Bay of Bengal. Major
tributaries include Bhadra, Bhavani, Bhima, Malaprabha, Ghataprabha, Hemavathi and
Kabini. Periyar, Bharathappuzha, Netravati, Sharavathi, Mandovi and Zuari rivers flow
westwards towards the Western Ghat uring the monsoon season, numerous streams fed by
incessant rain drain off the mountain sides leading to numerous waterfalls.

3.12.4 Ecoregions of Western Ghats

The Western Ghats are home to four tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf
forestecoregions – the North-Western Ghats moist deciduous forests, North Western Ghats
montane rain forests, South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests, and South-Western
Ghats montane rain forests. The northern portion of the range is generally drier than the
southern portion, and at lower elevations makes up the North-Western Ghats moist deciduous
forests ecoregion, with mostly deciduous forests made up predominantly of teak. Above
1,000 meters elevation are the cooler and wetter North-Western Ghats montane rain forests,
whose evergreen forests are characterised by trees of family Lauraceae.
The evergreen forests in Wayanad mark the transition zone between the northern and
southern ecologic regions of the Western Ghats. The southern ecologic regions are generally
wetter and more species-rich. At lower elevations are the South-Western Ghats moist
deciduous forests, with Cullenia the characteristic tree genus, accompanied by teak,
dipterocarps, and other trees. The moist forests transition to the drier South Deccan Plateau
dry deciduous forests, which lie in its rain shadow to the east. Above 1,000 meters are the
South-Western Ghats montane rain forests, also cooler and wetter than the surrounding
lowland forests, and dominated by evergreen trees, although some montane grasslands and
stunted forests can be found at the highest elevations. The South-Western Ghats montane rain
forests are the most species-rich ecologic region in peninsular India; eighty percent of the
flowering plant species of the entire Western Ghats range are found in this ecologic region.

3.12.5 Terrestrial Ecological Status: Primary Survey

Eleven locations were selected to conduct a detailed study within in the study area. Of the
total locations studied eight are in the core zone and eight in the buffer zone. The locations
are given in Table 3-19.

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Table 3-19 : Details of terrestrial ecology sampling locations

Code Name of the location Direction from Distance from

Project Site Project Site (km)

EB-1 Kalambusare : NE 6.2

18°51'30.44"N SE 7.8
73° 03'30.18"E
EB-2 Chirner NE 3.4
18°50'51.44"N SE 6.5
73° 02'56.24"E

EB-3 Vadgaon NE 5.4

18°51'13.45"N S 11.3
73° 12'00.62"E
EB-4 Jambhulpada NW 7.2
18°55'40.49"N S 12.8
73° 02'30.64"E
EB-5 Poynad S 12.8
18°40'40.76"N SW 22.6
73° 00'27.22"E

EB-6 Bense S 13.6

18°35'04.39"N S 30.6
73° 05'23.86"E

EB-7 Palas S 12.96

18°34'26.62"N S 31.63
73° 07'44.13"E

EB-8 Ransai E 7.51

18°46'25.71"N NE 9.3
73° 12'32.82"E

The sampling locations in the core zone and the buffer zone are shown in the section below:

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Figure 3-38: Map depicting sampling locations in the buffer zone

Figure 3-39: Map depicting the sampling locations at the site

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Figure 3-40: Map depicting the ecological sampling locations within 5km of the project
boundary
3.12.6 Ecological Sampling
Generally, the duration of an ecological baseline survey should be commensurate with the
scale of the proposed development at hand, and the duration of sampling conducted for the
proposed project is regarded as the minimum requirement.
The duration of this ecological baseline survey was dependent on the following factors:

 The geographical coverage of the study area

 The diversity of habitats within the study area

 The diversity of flora and fauna within the study area

 Presence of ecologically important species or habitats which exhibit distinct

seasonal patterns (e.g. migratory animals, seasonal wetlands)

 Ecological information of the study area available

3.12.7 Vegetation Survey

The region of the proposed project supports diverse habitats and thus the entire sampling was
based on random sampling through “Plot Quadrate Method”.

Plot Quadrate Method

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This technique is used only when a part of a much large area is sampled, on the basis of
which, the total population of species in the larger area can be estimated.
The shape and sizes of the quadrates were selected, based on previous experiences in
undertaking similar studies. The plot quadrate method was adopted to evaluate phyto-
sociological parameters like density, diversity and the frequency of the plant species. The
sizes of the quadrate were selected on the basis of species area curve’ and also based on the
past experience of undertaking such studies.

For the present vegetation survey

Quadrates of size 10 m x 10 m were selected for studying the trees and shrubs and a 1m x1m
quadrate was selected for studying the ground cover dominantly the herbaceous vegetation.
About 3-4 quadrates were studied at each location depending upon the vegetation cover and
species diversity.
A quadrant of 1 m2 area was sited at the center of each sample plot for the ground cover
sampling.
Species composition was expressed in terms of frequency of occurrence, the most frequent
species indicated as common and the least frequent as rare.
The photographs showing Vegetation in the Study Area are shown as Annexure-7

3.12.8 Wildlife Survey

In view of the short duration of sampling period wild life observations could not be done
except for some small mammals, reptiles, butterflies and birds visible in the day time.
However, to get a complete view of the available fauna in the study area including the type of
wildlife, location and frequency of occurrence was assessed by interviewing the local people.
The following questions were asked:

• What animals were once present in the area?

• What animals are found in the area today?
• What in their opinion has caused the changes in animal population structures?
This approach is normally used where the subject of study is not confined to one area or is
rarely seen but known to occur in the area.
The plant species were identified with standard field keys. Unidentified plant specimens were
photographed & tagged, and/or collected & tagged. These tagged specimens were identified

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with various available species photographs in and around the study areas and later counter-
checked and confirmed with the reference material available in the reference keys.
In addition, the Red Data Book Plants of India (Nayar &Sastry 1987-88 &
http://www.bsienvis.nic.in/RET/maharashtra was referred for the rare, endangered or
threatened species.
All the data was corroborated with the available floral and faunal list by the Forest Dept. of
Raigad.

3.12.9 Ecological Settings

Natural ecological features and wild life can be seen in forests of hilly tracts but these are
restricted to ranges of Sahayadris that are at considerable distance from the study area. There
are some reserved forest areas in the North East and South West of the site. The project site
is irregular in shape and overlooks the River Bhogeshwari & Balganga.

Habitats in the Study Area

Considering the location and topography of the study area, distinct habitats can be
demarcated. The study area can be divided into terrestrial, aquatic (freshwater bodies-lotic
and lentic), estuarine (marshland, mudflats and mangroves), and estuarine subtidal habitats.
There are some more pockets of habitat that are formed in the study area due to
anthropogenic interventions like the, agricultural land, settlements, industries and salt pans
and aquaculture farms.
The region within 15 km radius where the present project is located has a total area of 104364
hectares out of which, approximately 25% of the area is covered by forests. The dense/open
forest acquires 18.6% of the total area and degraded scrub forests covers 5% of the study
area. Total agricultural land is about 21 % of the area with a small percentage of 0.2%
plantation and 1.5 % irrigated crop whereas other agriculture land comprises approx.19%.
The existing project area primarily comprises of barren land Part of the T3 land parcel comes
under CRZ limit (CRZ-III).

Floristic Composition- Primary Survey

The forests of this region have features, which are very similar to tropical rain forests
although much of the Western Ghats in the northern sector is drier as compared to those

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regions further South in Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Because of general
differences in the ecological patterns, the floral and faunal communities of the Western Ghats
in the northern sector differ from the biological communities from the southern part of
Western Ghats.
The study area considered for the proposed Orange Smart City has within its area several
trees Some of the landscape elements, which occur at the project site, include the following:
Shrub covered hill tops and plateaus,
Rivers adjacent to the project site
Creek
Rocky slopes
Some cultivation is seen in the surroundings and the environs of the villages present around
the site. During the surveys of all the villages, cultivation of paddy and Nachni in some
places (Eleusine coracana) were noticed.

Floristic Diversity

During the field survey, a total number of 279 plant species (except algae, fungi and
bryophytes) were recorded from the study area which are given in Table 3-20. The floral data
collected for the baseline study was verified with the "List of Flora from the Working Plan of
Raigad District" and the species recorded in the baseline study are very much comparable
with the forest department list.

Table 3-20: Floristic composition in the study area

Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Family

I Agricultural crops
1 Oryza sativa Rice sp Poaceae
2 Eleusine coracana Millet sp Eleusine

II Commercial crops (Including Vegetables)

3 Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Elephnat Foot Yam
4 Abelmoschus indicus Hibiscus Malvaceae
5 Allium cepa Onion Liliaceae

6 Allium sativum Garlic Liliaceae

7 Annona squamosa Custard Apple Annonaceae
8 Arachis hypogia Peanuts Fabaceae
9 Artocarpus heterophyllus Jackfruit Artocarpus
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Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Family

10 Cajanus cajan Pigeon Pea Fabaceae
11 Carica papaya Papaya Caricaceae
12 Citrus lemon Lemon Ruataceae
13 Colacasia esculenta Colocasia Areaceae
14 Ipomoea batatas Sweet Potato Umbelliferae
15 Lycopersicum esculentus Tomato Solanaceae
16 Mangifera indica Mango Anacardiaceae
17 Memordia charantia Bitter gourd Cucurbitaceae
18 Psidium guava Guava Myrtaceae
19 Raphanus sativa Raddish Cruciferae
20 Solanum tuberosum Potato Solanaceae
21 Vigna radiata Moong
III Plantations
22 Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae
23 Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae
24 Albizia odorattissima Mimosaceae
25 Albizia procera Mimosaceae
26 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae
27 Bauhinia variegate Caesalpinaceae
28 Bauhinia purpuria Caesalpinaceae
29 Bambusa arundanaceae Poaceae
30 Blumea sp.
31 Butea superba Caesalpinaceae
32 Butea frondosa Caesalpinaceae
33 Cocos nucifera
34 Eucalyptus sp Myrtaceae
35 Delonix regia Caesalpinaceae
36 Leucena leucophloe Caesalpinaceae
IV Natural Vegetation
37 Abelmoschus esculentus Orka
38 Abrus precatorius Crab’s eye Fabaceae
39 Abutilon indicum Indian Mallow Malvaceae
40 Acacia Arabica Acacia spp Mimosaceae
41 Acacia auriculiformis Acacia spp Mimosaceae
42 Acacia leucophloe Acacia spp Mimosaceae
43 Achras sapota Chikoo Sapotaceae
44 Acalypha hispida Fox tail Mimosaceae
45 Acanthospermum hispidum Goat’s head Compositae
46 Achyranthes aspera Prickly Chaff Flower Amaranthaceae
47 Adathoda vasica Adulsa
48 Adiantum philippense Fern
49 Adenanthra pavonia Rakt chandan
50 Aegle marmelos Indian Bel Rutaceae
51 Aegeratum conyzoides
52 Ageratum conyzoides Compositae
53 Ailanthes excela Simaroubaceae
54 Albizia odoratissima Caesalpinaceae

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Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Family

55 Albizia procera Caesalpinaceae
56 Aloe barbedensis Agavaceae
57 Allophylus cobbe
58 Alternanthera sessilis Amaranthaceae
59 Alysicarpus hamosus Fabaceae
60 Alysicarpus monilifer Fabaceae
61 Argyreia elliptica Convolucae
62 Argemone mexicana Papevaraceae
63 Asparagaus racemosus Liliaceae
64 Atalantia monophylla Rutaceae
65 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae
66 Barleria cuspidata
67 Bauhinia racemosa
68 Bridelia retusa
69 Blepharis asperima Acanthaceae
70 Blumea lacera Compositae
71 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae
72 Borreria stricta Rubiaceae
73 Bridelia retusa Euphorbiaceae
74 Buchanania lanzan
75 Butea monosperma
76 Caesalpina pulcherima Caesalpinaceae
77 Calotropis procera Asclipiadaceae
78 Canna indicda Cannaceae
79 Calycotropis floribunda
80 Careya arborea Palmae
81 Carissa carandus Apocyanaceae
82 Carissa spinarium Apocyanaceae
83 Carvia callosa
84 Casearia tomentosa
85 Cassia auriculata Caesalpinaceae
86 Cassia obtuse Caesalpinaceae
87 Cassia occidentalis Caesalpinaceae
88 Cassia tora Caesalpinaceae
89 Cassia fistula
90 Catunaregam spinosa
91 Calycotropis floribunda
92 Ceiba pentandra Bombacaceae
93 Celosia argentea
94 Cestrum noctrunum Rubiaceae
95 Chromalaena odorata
96 Chrysanthemum sp Compositae
97 Cissus quadrangularis Vitaceae
98 Citrus media Rutaceae
99 Cleome viscose Capparidaceae
100 Clematis triloba
101 Cocculus villosa Cucurbiataceae

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Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Family

102 Cocos nucifera Palmae
103 Combretum ovalifolium Rubiaceae
104 Commelina benghalensis Commelinaceae
105 Cordia dichotoma Rubiaceae
106 Cordia rothri Rubiaceae
107 Crotalaria pallida Fabaceae
108 Crotalaria sp. 2 Fabaceae
109 Croton bonplandinum Amaryllidaceae
110 Cryptostegia grandiflora Orchidaceae
111 Curcurma aromatica
112 Cuscuta reflexa Cuscutaceae
113 Dalbergia lanceolata
114 Dalbergia sisoo
115 Datura alba Solanaceae
116 Dendrophthe falcate Loranthaceae
117 Desmodium gangeticum Asclepiadaceae
118 Desmodium triflorum Asclepiadaceae
119 Diploclisia glaucescens
120 Echinops echinatus Compositae
121 Eclipta alba Compositae
122 Eclipta prostrate Compositae
123 Eichhornia cressipes Pontederiaceae
124 Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae
125 Entada pursaetha
126 Erythrina indica Papillionaceae
127 Eupatorium glandulosum
128 Euphorbia nerifolia Euphorbiaceae
129 Euphorbia neruri Euphorbiaceae
130 Euphorbia nivula Euphorbiaceae
131 Ficus asperrima
132 Ficus benghalensis Moraceae
133 Ficus glomerata Moraceae
134 Ficus hispida Moraceae
135 Ficus microcarpa
136 Ficus racemosus Moraceae
137 Ficus relisiosa Moraceae
138 Flacourtia indica Flacourtiaceae
139 Flacourtia latifolia Flacourtiaceae
140 Gardenia latifolia Rubiaceae
141 Garuga pinnata Burseraceae
142 Garcinia indica
143 Gloriosa superba
144 Gossypium herbaceum Malvaceae
145 Grewia abutifolia Tiliaceae
146 Grewia asiatica Tiliaceae
147 Grewia subinaqualis Tiliaceae
148 Helictris isora Rubiaceae

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Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Family

149 Heliotropium indicum Rubiaceae
150 Helitropium ovalifolium Rubiaceae
151 Heterophragma quadriculare
152 Hemidesmus indicus Asclepiadaceae
153 Hibiscus micronthus Malvaceae
154 Hibiscus ovalifolia Malvaceae
155 Hibiscus rosa-cianensis Malvaceae
156 Holarrhena antidysentrrica
157 Hygrophylla auriculata Acanthaceae
158 Hymenodictyon excelsum
159 Hyptis suavalens Labiatae
160 Ipomea sp. Convolvulaceae
161 Ixora parviflora Rubiaceae
162 Ixora coccinea
163 Jasminum malbarichum
164 Jatropha gossypifolia Euphorbiaceae
165 Justicia carnea Acanthaceae
166 Justicia procumbens Acanthaceae
167 Lantana camara Verbinacaee
168 Lathyrus sativus Papillionaceae
169 Lawsonia inermis Lythraceae
170 Largestromia lanceolata
171 Leea microphylla
172 Lepisanthes tetraphylla
173 Leucas aspera Labiatae
174 Leucas stelligera Labiatae
175 Loranthus sp Loranthaceae
176 Mancranga peltata
177 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae
178 Melia azadirachta Meliaceae
179 Merremia umbellata Convolvulaceae
180 Merremia vitifolia Convolvulaceae
181 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae
182 Mitrgyna parviflora Rubiaceae
183 Moullava spicata
184 Mollugo hirta Aizoaceae
185 Moringa oleifera Moringaceae
186 Mucuna pruriens
187 Murraya koenigii Rutaceae
188 Musa paradisica Musaceae
189 Nerium indicum Apocyanaceae
190 Ocimum americanum Labiatae
191 Ocimum basillum Labiatae
192 Ocimum sanctum
193 Operculina turpethum
194 Opuntia dillinii Opuntiaceae
195 Opuntia elator Cacataceae

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Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Family

196 Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae
197 Panicum notatum Poaceae
198 Parthenium hysterophorus Compositae
199 Passiflora foetida Passifloraceae
200 Pavonia zeylanica Malvaceae
201 Peltophorum ferrusinum Caesalpinaceae
202 Peristrophe bicalculata Acanthaceae
203 Phoenix aculis Palmae
204 Phyllanthes emblica Euphorbiaceae
205 Phyllanthes nirurii Euphorbiaceae
206 Physalis minima Solanaceae
207 Pithocolobium dulce Mimosaceae
208 Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae
209 Pongamia glabra
210 Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae
211 Portulaca oleracea Portulaccaceae
212 Psidium guava Myrtaceae
213 Pteris sp
214 Punica granulatum Puniaceae
215 Rhus mysoorensis Rosaceae
216 Samanea saman
217 Sapindus emerginatus Sapindaceae
218 Schleichera oleosa
219 Sida acuta
220 Sida cordifolia Malvaceae
221 Sida rhombifolia Malvaceae
222 Smilax zeylanica
223 Solanum nigrum Solanaceae
224 Solanum xanthocarpum Solanaceae
225 Spondias pinnata
226 Sterculia villosa Tiliaceae
227 Strobilanthus callossus
228 Sygygium cumini Myrtaceae
229 Tabernaemontana pandacaqui
230 Tagetus sp Compositae
231 Tamarindus indica Caesalpinaceae
232 Tectona grandis Verbinaceae
233 Tephrosia purpuria Fabaceae
234 Teramnus labialis
235 Terminalia paniculata Terminalia
paniculata
 Terminalia tomentosa Terminalia tomentosa
236 Terminalia chebula
237 Terminalia elliptica
238 Tetrasigma sp.
239 Thespesia populanea Malvaceae
240 Thespesia lampas Malvaceae
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Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Family

241 Thumbergia sp.
242 Tinospora cordifolia Rhamnaceae
243 Tragus biflorus Poaceae
244 Trapa bispinosa Trapaceae
245 Trapa natans Trapaceae
246 Trema orientalis
247 Tridax procumbens Compositae
248 Triumferta pilosa Tiliaceae
249 Urtica sp.
250 Vanda sp.
251 Vangueria spinosa
252 Vanilla planifolia
253 Vernonia cinera Compositae
254 Vicoa indica Compositae
255 Vitex negungo Verbinaceae
256 Woodfordia fruticosa
257 Wrightia tinctoria
258 Wrightia tomentosa Apocyanaceae
259 Xanthium strumarium Compositae
260 Yucca gloriosa Agavaceae
261 Zizyphus jujube Rhamnaceae
262 Zizyphus mauritiana Rhamanaceae
263 Zizyphus nummalaris Rhamnaceae
264 Zizyphus oenoplica Rhamnaceae
265 Cenchurus ciliaris Poaceae
266 Apluda mutica Poaceae
267 Chloris dolichosta Poaceae
268 Cyanodactylon sp Poaceae
269 Dichanthium annulatum Poaceae
270 Aristida adscensionsis Poaceae
V Grasses
271 Andropogon pumilis
272 Andropogon pertusus
273 Andropogon monticola
274 Cenchrus setifgera Poaceae
275 Cyperus aristatus Cyperaceae
276 Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae
277 Cynadon dactylum
278 Digetaria bicornis Poaceae
279 Digetaria Segetaria Poaceae
280 Digetaria stricta Poaceae
281 Eragrostis tenella Poaceae
282 Fibrystylis dichotoma Poaceae
283 Ischaemum pilosum
284 Heteropogon contortus
VI Mangroves
285 Avicennia apiculata Verbenacea

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Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Family

286 Avicennia marina Verbenacea
287 Acanthus ilicifolius Acanthaceae
288 Derres heterophylla Fabaceae
289 Salvadora persica Salvadoraceae
290 Sonneratia apetala Sonneratiaceae

The percentage of the ground cover in the study area is depicted in Figure 3-41

Hills/Forest Patches Valleys/Plataeus

Open Areas

Figure 3-41 : Distribution of the ground cover in the study area

3.12.10 OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSION

Ecological Resources
The ecological studies at the above locations at clearly indicates that the project area is
inhabited by several plant and animal species that supports rich biological diversity of the
project area. Local plant communities, which were recorded, include many evergreen species,
like Ficus racemosa, and Mangifera indica. Deciduous elements are, however, less in
abundance in the area. The under storey development was observed to be moderate and the
presence of bamboo patches were also a common feature. The local and tribal people in the
region collect species like Terminalia tomentosa, Terminalia chebula,Syzigium cumin,
Pongamia pinnata, Garcinia indica for their medicinal values. There are less number of big
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mammals and there are sporadic records of leopard, barking deer and jackals. Avifauna
activity, which was recorded here during the short visit included Thrushes, Babblers, Shama,
woodpeckers etc.

Common Floral Species

The forest types in the region can be classified as Scrub; Mixed Deciduous forests; and
Evergreen forests.
As per primary survey conducted in post- monsoon 2015, predominant plant species observed
in the study area were Tectona grandis, Bombax ceiba, Erythrina indica, Grewia spp.,
Moullava spictata, Mucuna pruriens, Justicia spp., Chromalaena odorata, Cassia tora, and
Macranga peltata. Outside project site, in buffer zone, Shirsish / Albizzia spp.,coconut
plantation,banana, Drumstick plantation, Tamarind tree and paddy plantation is observed
Scrub species that are commonly found in the region are Ziziphus rugosa, Acacia concinna,
Carissa congesta.
Deciduous tree species are not presently common in the area. The species present in the
region have further been depleted because of the human interventions and the associated
exploitation of the forest resources due to cutting by the villagers and the tribal communities
in the region. The floral communities of the site were observed to be fairly diverse except for
plateau level habitats where there is poor diversity and abundance of flora, which was
subsequently reflected in the faunal communities as well.
Wild plants play a very important role in the livelihoods of the neighbouring villages and
tribal communities as an integral part of the subsistence strategy of people in many forest
regions.
Food plants serve as one of the primary alternative sources of income for many resource poor
communities, and the source of species for domestication.
Some of the economically important forest vegetation that was recorded during the survey
has been classified according to their resource use/value and are given in Table 3-21.

Table 3-21 : Classification of the commonly occurring plant species as per resource use/
value
Timber & other Edible Fruit Medicinal Value Ornamental Value
Economic Products
Acacia concinna Carissa congesta Bauhinia Bauhinia purpurea
purpurea
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Timber & other Edible Fruit Medicinal Value Ornamental Value

Economic Products
Acacia catechu Ficus racemose Dillenia indica Bauhinia racemosa
Bauhinia purpurea Mangifera indica Erythrina spp. Cassia fistula
Bombax insigne Emblica officinalis Euphorbia Erythrina spp.
nerifolia
Butea monosperma Catunaregam Ferns Jasminum
Spinose malabaricum
Careya arborea Syzygium cumini Ficus racemosa -
Cassia fistula Zyziphus mauritiana Pongamia -
pinnata.
Dillenia indica Zyziphus rugosa Emblica -
officinalis
Ficus racemosa Syzygium cumini Syzygium cumini -
Pongamia pinnata . Meyna laxiflora Terminalia -
chebula
Catunaregam spinosa Phyllanthus emblica Garncinia indica -
Carvia callosa Emblica officinalis - -
Syzygium cumini Tamarindus indica - -
Terminalia chebula Garcinia indica - -
Terminalia crenulata Syzigium - -
caryophyllatum
Terminalia tomentosa Buchanania lanzan - -
Dalbergia latifolia - - -
Trema orientalis - - -

The most common floral species observed are given in Table 3-22.
Table 3-22: Most common floral species observed in the study area

Sl. No. Scientific name Local name

1. Carissa congesta Karvanda
2. Erythrina sp. Pangar
3. Euphorbia neriifolia
4. Ficus racemose Umbar
5. Moullava spictata
6. Mucuna pruriens Khazkhuzli
7. Chromalaena odorata
8. Tectona grandis Sagvan
9. Syzygium cumini Jambhul
10. Terminalia crenulata
11. Terminalia tomentosa Ain
12. Macranga peltata Chanda
13. Zyziphus rugosa Toran
14. Careya arborea Kumbhi
15. Emblica officinalis Anvala
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Sl. No. Scientific name Local name

16. Acacia concinna Shikakai
17. Mangifera indica Amba
18. Bombax ceiba Kante Savar
19. Albizzia spp. Siris
20. Dalbergia latifolia Shisham

Ground Cover

Almost the entire region of the stdy area ground cover was majorly contributed by grass and
few herbs which grow in the monsoon season. Since the sampling was done in the non-
monsoon period, almost all ground vegetation was dried, although some places still retained
the remnants of monsoon grown live herbs. The actual project site being an open area, more
than 93% of the groundcover was by dry grass and remaining area was barren land.

Observation on fauna:

Domestic Animals: The domestic animals in the study area mostly comprise of goat, buffalo,
rat, dog, cow. The survey revealed that cow constituted the most abundant species, followed
by buffalo and goat.

Wild Animals: The diversity of fauna basically depends upon density and diversity of flora.
The study area do not support the presence of wild mammals. Further, besides avifauna,
which has been addressed separately, species of amphibians, reptiles and butterflies were
recorded (Table 3.41 & Figure 3.27). Amongst them, butterflies likeGlassy Tiger, Plain Tiger
, common grass yellow, Common Jay, blue mormon, common leopard, golden angle etc.
were found. Butterfly diversity and community composition are dependent on plants, as their
caterpillars are highly specific to host plants, on which they feed and metamorphose into the
adults. Therefore, richness of host plant diversity contributes to butterfly diversity. As the
butterfly population increases, a variety of organisms including preying mantis, spiders,
lizards and birds also colonise the area leading to a stabilization of habitats and better
functioning of ecosystem. Bufo, Frog, blind snakes were found during the survey.
Availability of fauna in the vicinity of the sites is presented in None of these animals are
endangered as per Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972.
Table 3-23 : Fauna recorded in the study area upto 5 km radius

Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name

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Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name

Amphibians
1 Common toad Bufo melanostictus
2 Indian bullfrog Rana tigrina
3 Dumeril Microhyla ornate
Reptiles
1 Lizard Psmmophilus blanfordanus
2 House gecko Hemidactylus brooki
3 Indian chameleon Chamaeleon zeylanicus
4 Blind snake Rhamphot yplops
Butterfly
1 Glossy tiger Parantica aglea
2 Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus
3 Common grass yellow Eurema hecabe
4 Common Jay Graphium doson
5 Blue mormon Papilio polymnestor
6 Common leopard Phalanta phalantha
7 Golden angle Caprona ransonnetti
Mammals
1. Squirrel Funambulus palmarum
2. Jackal Canis aureus
3. Cow Bos primigenius
4. Domestic Buffalo Bubalus bubalis
5. Goat Capra hircus aegagrus
6. Common dog Canis lupus familiaris
7. Common cat Felis silvestris catus
Avifauna
1. House sparrow Passer domesticus
2. Black drongo Dicrusus adsimilis
3. Kingfisher Alcedo atthis
4. Bulbul Pycnonotus jacous
5. Fantail flycatcher Rhipidura sp..
6. Common myna Acridotheres tristis
7. Cuckoo Cuculus canorus
8. Parakeets Psittacula sp.

Source: Field Observation and discussion with local people

*Barring Indian Chameleon (Sch II), no other animals are enlisted in Schedules I
through V under Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972

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Rhamphotyplops Bufomelanostictus

Psammophilusblanfordanus Chamaeleonzeylanicus

Figure 3-42 : Select common animals in the study area

Paranticaaglea
Euremahecabe

Papiliopolymnestor Graphiumdoson
Figure 3-43 : Select common butterfly in the study area

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FIGURE 3.29: SELECT COMMON AVIFAUNA OBSERVED IN THE STUDY AREA

Passer domesticus Dicrususadsimilis

Psittacula sp. Alcedoatthis

Figure 3-44 : Select common avifauna observed in the study

area

A. From 5.00 km of project site up to 15.00 km radius (Primary Data Collection)

3.12.11 Sanctuaries within the study area

Karnala Bird Sanctuary:

The project site is approximately 7.5 km from the buffer zone of Karnala Bird Sanctuary . In
addition to the available secondary data, the sanctuary was also part of the field survey as one
of the EB survey location. Findings are provided in Annexure-4 to Annexure-6
Karnala Bird Sanctuary is at Karnala in Panvel and Uran Tahsil of Raigad District. Total area
of the sanctuary is 12.154 Sq.Km. Consisting of 6.562sq.Km. Reserve forest, 5.547Sq. Km.
Acquired forest and 0.045 sq.km. Private land.

Geographic Coordinates:

Longitudes: 7305’N o 7308’N

Latitutes: 18052’E to 18054’

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The place along the Mumbai Goa NH 66, the road passes through sanctuary is about 1.5 km.
Karnala Bird Sanctuary, there is fort called Karnala fort which has very interesting history. In
spite of being a small pocket it holds a rich diversity of wood land vegetation & wood land
bird species. It also forms a catchment area of Patalganga River. The Sanctuary is an
important green oasis surrounded by industrial areas of Panvel, Khopoli & Patalganga. Hilly
terrain consist of nallas on eastern and western slopes which drains in Patalganga River.
Mean max.temp.: 34.25OC while Mean min.temp.: 24.82O C while average annual rainfall is
2404.45mm.
Prior to 31st March, 1994 the area of this sanctuary was under administrative control of
Alibag Forest Division. Henceforth, the area is transferred to Wild Life Division, Thane.
Area 4.27 Sq.Km. of reserve forest was earlier declared as Karnala Fort sanctuary in the year
1968 under “Bombay Wild Animal And Wild Bird Act,1951”. In 1986, as per the provision
of Wild life Protection Act,1972 of Section 18, the area 12.11 Sq.Km. was notified for
Karnala Bird Sanctuary . The rights and privileges were settle down.In 2003, an area of
12.109Sq.km. of reserve and acquired forest including earlier declared area was notified as
Karnala Bird Sanctuary under sec. 26(a) of Wild Life Protection Act,1972. In 2003,
subsequently a private cultivation area 0.045Sq.Km. Added by declaration as Karnala Bird
Sanctuary. Thus today the total area of the sanctuary is 12.154Sq.Km.
The total length of external boundary is 29.56 km. The sanctuary area is divided in
compartments hence the internal boundary is16.50 km. At the bottom of the funnel hill of the
fort there are 12 water storage dug out tanks in impermeable basalt rock that retain stagnated
rain water all around the year.23 cement water dishes kept at strategic places to provide water
to animals and birds.

Flora and Fauna within the Sanctuary

FLORA
3B/C1b – Southern Teak Bearing Forest
2B/C2 – Southern Moist Mixed Deciduous
4E/RS1 – Tropical reparine Fringe Forest

 The Sanctuary area is covered with mixed forest. In Southern teak bearing forest,
the teak dominance seen in Karnala Sanctuary.

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 With teak, top canopy consists of Ain, Amba, Behada, Hed, Kusum, Sawar,
Dhavada, middle canopy Alu, Bahawa, Dhaman, Dikamali, Asana, Apta, Palas,
Lokhnadi, Kuda. herbs, shrubs and grasses like atrun, Karvand, Kusali and
Marvel.

 The moist mixed deciduous forest are similar with Southern Teak bearing Forest
except that percentage of Kinjal, Nana, amba and Behda are more than Teak.

 The density of the forest is between 0.6 to 0.8.

 The Riparian Fringing Forest occur along the nala bank consists of top canopy with
Umbar, Jambhul, Karanj Amba. Middle canopy with Alu, Bahava, Dhaman,
Dikemali, Lokhandi, Palas, Kumbhi.

 In 1980, Botonical Survey of India Pune carried out the survey of this area and
found out about 642 species.

FAUNA

 The topographical features and ecological conditions are favourable for boarding
large variety of birds and small animals like wild pig, barking deer, porcupine,
mongoose, jungle cat, monitor lizard, squirrels, hyena and monkey.

 As many as 132 bird spp. have been listed in the sanctuary. Of these 92 spp. are
resident and 40 spp. are migratory.

 Globally threatened and endemic birds like Long Billed Vultures, Malbar Gray
Hornbill, Small Sun Bird and Shahin Falcon birds spp. are found in Karnala Bird
Sanctuary.
Around 11 spp. of reptiles are found in sanctuary area like Cobra, Krait, Viper,
Python, Rat snake etc.

(Source: http://www.thanewildlife.org/Sanctuaries/karnala-wildlife-sanctuary)

GLIMPSES OF KARNALA WILD LIFE SANCTUARY

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Agriculture

The common crops in the study area are Oryza sativa and Eleusine coracana which mainly
depend on rainwater and irrigation in non-monsoon season.
Apart from that commercial crops like Mangoes, Cashews, Suran and vegetables such as
Onions, Sweet potatoes, Chilies, Brinjal, Ladyfinger and leafy vegetables are common.
A sizable land in the study area was also under farms for cultivation of fish and prawn. Most
of the farms cultivate prawns and this in semi-intensive farming wherein mostly fresh water
and some places brackish water is used. Some farms use it for both paddy and sometimes
prawn/fish farming depending on the season and availability of water.

Estuaries and Mangroves

The intertidal area on the landward side is actually a broad area inundated by tidal flooding
daily twice and thus muddy. This forms an intertidal estuarine habitat which are capable of
growing the mangroves. Mangroves are found at the fringe and interior as well, and at some
places they are dense.

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Mangrove species were observed along the shores of Balganga and estuarine creek near
Sonkar village. Except for these creeks and its shore, no other area within 15 km radius of
project location harbours mangroves. Large stretches of associated species of Derres
heterophylla and Acanthus ilicifolius were observed in this area. The predominant mangrove
species were Sonneratia apetala as dominant species and Avicennia marina and A. apiculata
were present but very sparse with few nos. All the mangroves together showed a height range
of 2-10 ft. The mangroves observed in this location have healthy luxuriant growth. These
mangroves have been classified by the Wildlife Department as “Marine Protected Areas of
India‟ as listed by the Wildlife of India, 1999 and “Mangrove Wetlands of India” as per
records of the State Forest Department. Natural mangrove vegetation in the project area is
primarily limited to a layer of a single predominantly less salt tolerant species, with much of
the area devoid of other species.
The species in the marshy areas alongside the creeks were represented by Suaeda nudiflora
and Sesuvium portulacastrum. The other species which also occur in these marshes were
Asparagus racemosus, and Casuarina sp.
Some of the areas which do not have frequent tidal flushing were intruded by Thespesia
populnae but in other estuarine areas it was absent possibly due to daily inundation.
In some water-logged areas aquatic species lke Trapa sp., Salvinia sp, Eichornia sp.,
Nymphea sp. and submerged vegetation like Hydrilla sp. was observed
Aquatic Ecosystem
Unpolluted fresh water is amongst the most endangered of our natural resources, basically
fragile communities that supports may similarly be under threat. With increased
understanding of the process that operates in these dynamic assemblages of species, attention
has been directed towards the effect exerted by different groups of the substances such as
heavy metals and organic substances on the aquatic plant and animal communities. An
attempt has been made to generate baseline data of the water bodies in study area to know the
existing biological spectrum. This information will give a clear picture of current load of
pollution or inflows coming from surrounding areas to the aquatic bodies.

Phytoplankton forms the basis of food chain in any aquatic water body. The diversity and
abundance of phytoplankton mainly depends on the region, type of water body, either lentic
or lotic, the nutrient flux in the system and the sunlight available for photosynthesis. These
factors together form the dynamics of phytoplankton productivity over the seasons. The

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phytoplankton of given water body determines the zooplankton populations and the fish
productivity of the ecosystem

Zooplankton: The zooplankton of the aquatic water body are the primary consumers and
also in cases secondary produces which play an important role for the fisheries of that system.
The diversity and abundance of zooplankton also depends on whether the water body is
eutrophic or oligotrophic. They also are good representation of the ecosystem health. The
amount and type of pollutants in the water body determine the type of zooplankton species.
Species of copepod will usually dominate in the tropical region while more eutrophicated
waters with high nutrient or organic loads will harbour high number of crustaceans and
arthropods. The less polluted waters will have more of cladocerans and rotifers
Benthos: Benthic fauna inhabiting the coastal water bodies have importance in the context of
assessing the brackish water and estuarine production. The estuarine bottom and the
extensive mudflats with their diverse littoral mangrove swamps are known to contribute
significantly to the total productivity by harbouring a great variety of organisms, by
producing a large amount of detritus and providing food to demersal fishery. Hence any
alteration in benthic community would affect the productivity and the demersal fishery.

Methodology Adopted for the Aquatic Ecological Studies

This aquatic ecology study was carried out in different water bodies such as the Bhogawati
river, Balganga River, Hetavne dam within the study area. Ponds present in the study area
were not sampled as they had almost dried up.Three sampling locations were selected for
analyzing different parameters of water as required for aquatic ecology survey. The aquatic
ecology survey was carried out along with the terrestrial ecology survey.
Two water samples for plankton study were collected from each lentic ecosystem. The
samples were collected 0.3 m from surface of the water. The details of the sampling locations
are presented in Table 3-24

Table 3-24 : Details of aquatic sampling locations

Code Name of Sampling Location Distance w.r.t Direction

Project Site (Km)
AE-1 Hetwane Dam 5 Downstream
AE-2 Balganga 1.3 Downstream
AE-3 Bhogeshwari 1.7 Downstream

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The samples were collected in one-liter capacity polyethylene cans and the samples were
fixed with 4% buffered formaline solution. For the measurement of frequencies of various
forms of phyto-plankton and zoo-plankton, one drop of the sedimented plankton was
mounted on a microslide and as many as 10 different microscope fields situated at more or
less even distances from each other were examined (Lackey Method, 17th edition, APHA,
AWWA 1992). The plankton forms were identified upto species level and Shannon Weaver’s
index was calculated.

Shannon Weaver’s Diversity Index

Diversity of plankton depends on physico-chemical characteristics of water especially on

trophic levels in oligotrophic waters. With increasing levels of pollution such as mesotrophic
or eutrophic conditions, diversity of plankton decreases. Shannon-weaver’s index is a
measure of diversity of plankton, which takes into account the total and important species
count in a water sample. It should be noted that diversity is also susceptible to other
parameters such as turbidity, colour and nutrients. A widely accepted ecological concept is
that community with larger number of species i.e with high diversity that can resist adverse
environmental factors. The maximum value of Shannon weaver index of phytoplankton for
clear water has been reported to be 6 though it may differ slightly in different locations.
Decrease in the value index may thus be taken as indicator of pollution. The Shannon
weavers index values there and above for zooplankton generally considered as indicator of
healthy conditions of water bodies. The values between 1 and 3 and less than one are
believed to be for mild and highly polluted conditions respectively.

Table 3-25 : List of fresh water plaktonic flora and fauna from the study area

Freshwater Phytoplankton Freshwater Zooplankton

Gyrosigma sp Keratella monospina
Achananthes affinis Brachirous caudatus
Gyrosigma accuminatus Asplancha brighwell
Pandorina sp Colpidium colpoda
Ankistrodesmus falcatus Daphnia sp
Pediastrum boryanum Ceriodaphnia reticulate
Scenedesmus bijuga Mesocyclops leuckarti
Melosira granulate Mesocyclops hyalinus
Cyclotella meneghiana Coleps hirsutus
Microcystis sp Arcella sp

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Freshwater Phytoplankton Freshwater Zooplankton

Navicula gracilis Actinophyros sp
Nitzschia gracilis Asplancha sp
Chroococcus minutes Ceriodaphnia sp
Spirulina princepes Mesocyclops sp
Pinnularia braunii -
Synedra tabulate -
Ophora sp -
Cymbella sp -
Navicula radiosa -

Table 3-26 : Shannon Weaver’s Diversity Index of Plankton

Sampling Location Phyto-Plankton Zoo-Plankton

Bhogavati River 2.68 2.25
Balganga River 2.54 2.37
Hetavne dam 276 2.31

Observations and Discussion of Aquatic Ecosystem

Phytoplankton & Zooplankton

Dominance of chlorophyceae followed by bacillariophyceae was observed at sampling

location (AE-1 & AE-2) and rest was dominated by chlorophycean and cyanophycean
members. Cladoceran members were dominant at sampling location (AE-1) and rotifers were
dominant at sampling location (AE-3).
The results of phyto and zooplanktons are presented in Table 3-27. It may be observed from
the Table 3-27 that the population of phytoplankton and zooplankton is satisfactory in both
the both the rivers and the Hetavne dam. The moderately high value of algal biomass and
chlorophyll indicates that the river water is favorable for the growth aquatic species.
occurence of higher amount of macrophytes (aquatic plants and algae), which is related to the
primary production of organic carbon in rivers shows these ecosystems to be conducive for
the normal growth and population of aquatic animals.
Occurrence of Osciplaria sp., Euglena sp.and Paramecium sp.etc.in the Bhogavati River
indicates presence of bio degradable matter, which acts as food for fishes in in this River
aquatic eco-system.
Systematic ecological monitoring of population dynamics and composition of relevant parts
of the water bodies was carried out to generate the baseline data. The Shannon weaver’s
index for phytoplankton varies in between 2.68 to 2.76 and the same for zooplankton varies

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in between 2.45 to 2.37 indicating that these water bodies were enriched with nutrients and
free from any sort of anthropogenic pollution loads.
The species diversity index value for the phytoplankton and zooplankton in the studied water
bodies indicates that the system is moderately favorable for the growth of phytoplankton and
zooplankton community. The value of chlorophyll also supports the presence of observed
population of aquatic community.
Therefore, the values of phyto and zooplankton community in these three water bodies are
almost satisfactory in terms of taxonomic diversity. The obtained value of different
parameters indicates that the existence of balanced eco system in the rivers and dam water for
phytoplankton and zooplankton community.

Marine Plankton & Benthos Study

The marine biodiversity studies conducted during post-monsoon season i.e Jan 2016.

a) Sampling procedure:

Polyethylene bucket and Niskin sampler respectively, were used for sampling surface and
bottom waters for the estimation of phytoplankton pigments and population. Sample for
phytoplankton cell count was fixed in Lugol’s iodine and a few drops of 3% buffered
formaldehyde.
Zooplankton were collected by oblique hauls using a Heron Tranter net (Mesh size 0.33 mm,
mouth area 0.25 m2 ) with an attached calibrated digital flow meter (General Oceanic). All
collections were of 5 min duration. Samples were preserved in 5% buffered formaldehyde.
Sediment samples for macro benthos were collected using a van-Veen grab of 0.04 m2 area.
Intertidal collections between the HTL and the LTL were done with quadrants. Samples
were preserved in 5% buffered formaldehyde - Rose Bengal.

b) Methods of analysis:

i) Phytoplankton:

The cells in the sample preserved with Lugol’s solution were allowed to settle and transferred
into a Sedgwick Rafter slide. Enumeration and identification of phytoplankton were done
under a microscope.

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ii) Zooplankton:

Volume (biomass) was obtained by displacement method. A portion of the sample (25-50%)
was analysed under a microscope for faunal composition and population count.

iii) Macrobenthos:

Sediment was sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh sieve and animals retained were preserved
in 5% buffered Rose Bengal formaldehyde. Total population was estimated as number of
animals in 1 m2 area and biomass was determined on wet weight basis (g/m2).

Table 3-27 : Marine Plankton species recorded from the study area

Phytoplankton Marine Zooplankton Marine Zooplankton

Group Phytoplankton Group
Diatoms Gyrosigma sp Copepods Canthocalanus sp.
Asterionella sp. Eucalanus sp.
Bacillaria sp. Bestiolina sp.
Odontella sinensis Acrocalanus sp.
Odontella sp. Paracalanus sp.
Chaetoceros affinis Euchaeta sp.
Chaetoceros sp. Centropages sp.
Coscinodiscus centralis Temora sp.
Coscinodiscus gigas Candacia sp.
Coscinodiscus radiatus Labidocera sp.
Cyclotella striata Pontella sp.
Ditylum sp. Acartia sp.
Gyrosigma sp. Oithona sp.
Navicula henneydii Corycaeus sp.
Navicula sp. Heliodiaptomus sp.
Netrium digitus
Pleurosigma Pseudodiaptomus sp.
angulatum
Rhizosolenia robusta Decapods Acetes sp.
Rhizosolenia sp. Lucifer hanseni
Skeletonema Zoea larvae
Thalassiosira subtilis Megalopa larvae
Planktoniella sp. Branchopoda Evadne tergestina
Triceratium favus Hydroids/Medusae Globigerina bulloides
Dinoflagellates Amphisolenia bidentata Globigerina sp.
Ceratium furca Eirene viridula
Ceratium sp. Spirotrichea Tintinnopsis butschi
Ceratium macroceros Tintinnopsis mortensenii

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Dinophysis sp. Appendicularia Oikopleura dioica

Noctiluca scintillans Sagittoidea
Pyrophacus sp. Sagitta elegans
Blue-green Anabena sp. Sagitta bedoti
alagae Microcystis sp. Mongononta Brachionus plicatilis
Nostac sp. Brachionus calyciflorus
OSCIPLlatoria sp. Monostyla lunaris
Spirulina major - -
Chlorella sp. - -
Spirogyra sp. - -
Volvox sp. - -

Table 3-28 : Benthic species recorded from the study area

Mieobenthic
Group Macrobenthic Group Macrobenthos Species
Nematodes Glucocom acerca
Copepods Brachyodontes sp.
Polychaetes Katelysia marmorata
Bivalves
Turbellarians Cardium asiaticum
Nemertins Katelysia opima
Foraminifera Dosinia sp.
Kinorynchs
Halacarids Pelocoetes sp.
Cnidarian
Others Stephensonactis sp.
-- Cerianthids
Sesarma sp.
Varuna sp.
Crustaceans Uca sp
Hermit carb
Uca annulipes
Lycastis sp.
Nereis sp.
Dendronereis sp.
Polychaetes
Glycera alba
Prinospio pinnata
Perinereis cultrifera
Cerethedea sp.
Melampus sp.
Onchidium sp.
Gastropods
Nassarius sp.
Auricula sp.
Littorina sp.

Fishes

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The data for fishes in the study area was collected through actual visits to the mudflats,
mangroves, surveys of local fishes in the nearby markets, observations from the fish catch by
locals’ fishermen in the vicinity of water bodies. The list of the fishes in the study area is
given in Table 3-29.

Table 3-29 : List of the fishes in the study area

Sr.
Scientific Name Local Name
No.
Freshwater Fishes
1 Catla catla catfish
2 Channa striatus
3 Clarius batrachus
4 Mystsus singhala
5 Labeo bata
6 Puntius sarana
7 Wallago atta
Marine/Estuarine Fishes
8 Mugil Cephalus Mullet
9 Boleopthalmus dussimerii Mudskipper
10 Boleopthalmus boddarti
Decapods
(Prawns/Shrimps)
11 Penaeus monodon
12 Squilla mantis
13 Metapeneaus affinis
14 Acetes indicus
15 Panularius polyphagus
Crabs
16 Uca sps.
17 Scylla serrata
18 Leptodius exaratus
19 Portunus spp.
21 Charybdis sp.
Conclusions

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The project area is outside any recorded forest area. In the project site , no formal logging of
wood and other such activities were observed, the exploitation of the forest resources by the
nearby villagers and the local communities was evident in the surroundings of the project
site. The marks of forests fire were also visible near two locations viz. Chirner and Palas
village.

Flora

By and large the habitat is dominated by evergreen and deciduous foliage. Amongst the
locations surveyed, it was seen that many of the sites have localized biological diversity with
a great variety of evergreen tree species as well as shrub layer.The development activities
may result in clearing of many plant species mostly grasses and shrubs which are not unique
or rare species because of their abundant occurrence in other areas. Thus, the loss of these
species would have no serious ecological consequences.

Fauna

The project area could be home to general avifaunal species which are widespread and
therefore any loss of habitat in this area is not expected to lead to any major loss in species
numbers or diversity. Generally the concerns of non- recorded species do exist although it
may be on smaller scale owing to their non-sighting in the three day sampling period between
Dec 16-18, 2015.

Endangered Species

The study area did not record the presence of any species listed under Schedule –I of Wildlife
Protection Act or IUCN Red List.

3.13 SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE

The proposed “ Orange Smart City” Project by M/S. Orange Smart City Infrastructure
Pvt.Ltd. is located in Raigad District of the state of Maharashtra. The project shall occupy
more than 1000 acres land and is planned to develop the Township in four patches namely T1
covering the villages Boregaon, Ambeghar, Shene & Virani, T2 & T4 by villages Belawade
Budruk, Belawade Khurd, Padale, Walak & Mugoshi and T3 by Govirle, Kopar, Ambiwali,
Balawali & Hamrapur villages in Pen (Tehsil) of Raigad District, Maharashtra.

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Establishing Socio-Economic baseline is an integral part of ESIA process. It helps in

understanding the prevailing Socio-Economic status of the study area and prediction of the
future social characteristics of the area based on the construction as well as operation of any
new project. It also helps in social management, planning and strategizing to minimize any
potential adverse impacts.
The following section describes the socio-economic baseline of the Project site and its
surrounding area. For this purpose, 25 urban areas, 247 rural villages and 14 project affected
villages were studied.

3.13.1 Methodology
Socio-Economic baseline data was collected through primary survey as well as secondary
sources. Primary survey involved visiting project site, discussion with the local population
including project affected, local elected representatives such as panchayats and local
administrative units of government. Secondary data collection involved collecting existing
Census data, published documents on various aspects such as land use, demography, literacy,
employment, social structure of society, and socio-cultural aspects from different institutions,
government offices, literature etc. and discussions with the concerned departments/agencies.
Socio-economic Overview of The Project Site-Pen (Tehsil), Raigad (District), Maharashtra
Maharashtra State has 35 districts which are divided into six revenue division’s viz. Konkan,
Pune, Nashik, Raigad, Aurangabad, Amravati and Nagpur for administrative purposes.

Raigad District

Raigad is located in the Konkan region bound by Mumbai Harbor to the northwest, Thane
District to the north, Pune District to the east, Ratnagiri district to the south, and the Arabian
Sea to the west. It includes the large natural harbor of Pen-Mandwa, which is immediately
south of Mumbai harbor, forming a single landform with it. The northern part of the district is
included in the planned metropolis of Navi Mumbai, and its port, the Jawaharlal Nehru Port.
The district includes towns/cities of Panvel, Alibag, Mangaon, Roha, Pen, Khopoli,
Kharghar, Taloja, Khalapur, Uran, Patalganga, Rasayani, Nagothana, Poladpur, Alibag,
Karjat and Mahad. The largest city both in area and population is Panvel. The district also
includes the isle of Gharapuri or Elephanta, located in Uran which has ancient Hindu and
Buddhist caves.

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Comparative data for population, sex ratio & Literacy rates in Affected Villages, Pen Tehsil,
Raigad District and entire Maharashtra State is given in the Table 3-30

Table 3-30 : Comparative data for population, sex ratio, & Literacy rates in affected villages
Demographic features Affected Villages (14 no.) Pen Raigad Maharashtra state

Total Population 11,187 37,852 2,634,200 11.24 crores

Sex Ratio Per 1000 males 493 966 955 929

Literacy rate 63.53% 91.40% 83.89% 82.34%

3.13.2 Socio-economic Profile of the Project Area

As per the EIA notification 2006, socio-economic impact can be seen on villages and urban
centers lying within the 15-km radius of the project area. For the purpose of this assessment,
the study area has been divided into following:
Villages within the 15-km radius of the project area: 247 rural villages &25 urban areas
Villages within project site on the basis of willing seller willing buyer basis : 14 villages
Total study area covering 285 villages
The names of the villages within the project study area and their categorization are given in
the Table 3-31 below:

Table 3-31 : Names of the villages and categorization

Category Name of village Type
of
village
Villages Virani, Mungoshi, Boregaon, Ambeghar, Shene, Belwade Khurd, Rural
within Belvade Budruk, Walak, Padale, Hamrapur, Balawali, Govirle,
project site Ambiwali .and Kopar
Villages Sonkhar, Sawarsai, Sapoli, Pimpalgaon, Dhamni, Uchede, Odhangi, Rural
within 15 Johe, Kalave, MotheVadhav, Kane, Borze, Dhondpada, Antore,
km of the Washi, Jirne Kurnad, MahalmiryaDongar, Nidhavali, Shitole,
project area Chinchghar, Davansar, Ramraj, Kandlepada, Kashmire, Kandale,
Meleghar, Tarankhop, Pen Rural, Patnoli, Urnilee,
KharDutarfaBorli, Jite, Dushmi, Koproli, Panchgani, Kurnad,
Karav, Rode, Kurmurli, Nanegaon, Hetavane, Ashte, Warsai,
Tarankhop, Mangrul, MohiliKhalsa, Sai, Kasar Bhat, Dolghar,
Padale, Niphad, Balawali, KharBorli, Kopar, Davre, Hanumanpada,
Warawane, Paned, Gagode Bk, Washiwali, Gagode Khurd,
Umbarde, Turkhul, Waredi KharBorli, Kopar, Davre,
Hanumanpada, Warawane, Paned, Gagode Bk, Washiwali, Gagode
Khurd, Umbarde, Turkhul, Waredi Jui Khurd, Meleghar, Kalad
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Category Name of village Type

of
village
Kharpale, Odhangi, Koproli, Davansar Shetpalas, Koleti,
Kondgaon, Karli, Warap, Talekhar, Kalai, Chole, Gandhe,
KharOvali, KharKoleti, Tarshet, JambhulTep., Atiwali, Amtem,
Benase, Bidwagale, Kasurghuntwadi, PataniPandapur, Dhaulpada,
Burdi, Kasu, Salinde, Mhaisbad, Kharpada, Usar, Nigade,
Kasurghuntwadi, Dhaulpada, Revoli, Pabal, Kondhavi, Uddhar,
Chandragaon, Mahagaon, Tadegaon, Padsare, Kavele, Palas,
Dhamni,Hatond,Wakrul,Aghai, JambhivalitarChhattishi, Gothivali,
Gorthan BK.,Wanvate, Gorthan Khurd, Ransai, Tondali, Uaroli,
Dhamni, Nandanpada, Narangi, Swali, Kharivali,Gohe, Karambeli,
Apati, Ajivali(N.V.), Horale, Parkhande, Vavoshi, Mohinlam,
Ghote, AmbivaliT. Wankhal,Wadgaon,Talavali, Isambe,Vayal,Vat ,
Kaire, Borivali, Vanivali, Kambe, Kasap, Lodivali, Chambharli,
Parade, Gulsunde, Karade Khurd, Posari,
Dapiwali,Vaveghar,Turade, Nanoshi, Kalhe, Karnala,Barapada,
Kasar Bhat, Dolghar, Koral, Sarsai, Kaliwali , Chawane ,
KauliBelodakhar, Jambhivali, Veshvi, Belondakhar, Chirle,
Paundkhar, Dhutum, Muthekar, Shematikhar, Waltikhar, Dighode,
Kanthavali, Pohi, Ransai, Vindhane, Taki, HArishchandraPimpale,
Bori Bk., BorichaKotha, Dhasakhosi, Jui, chikhalibhom, Bhom,
Chirner, Kalamusare, Pirkon, Waltikhar, Muthekhar,
Sangapalekhar, Govathane, Pale, Sarde, Vasheni,
Punade,MotheBhal,Vitthalwadi, Kanhoba, Kaleshriwadi, Lakhola,
Benavale, Bahiramwatak, Narwel, Wadhav, Div, Umbarde, Shirki,
ShirkiChawl No.1, Masad Bk, MasadBeli (N.V.) , MasadKhurd,
Borwe, Urnilee, KharDutarfaBorli, DolviDababa, Johe,
Tambadshet, Govirle, Nidhavali, Jawali, Karodi, Dherand,
Shahapur, Ramkotha, Bahirichapada, Beneghat, Sarebhag, Kurdus,
Hemnagar, Kolghar, DalaviKharoshi, Ravet, Shihu, Poynad,
Chikhali
Urban Dadar (CT) Urban
villages Dadar (CT) WARD NO.-0001
within 15km Mohpada Alias Wasambe (CT)
of project Mohpada Alias Wasambe (CT) WARD NO.-0001
area Zotirpada (CT), Zotirpada (CT) WARD NO.-0001
Pen (M Cl), Pen (M Cl) WARD NO.-0001 to 0018

Source: Census of India; 2011

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Table 3-32 : Demographic details of the study area

Perce
Per
nt of
Num cent Perce Popu
popul
ber of of nt of lation
Total ation
Hous Nu Total in the
Project Study Area Popu in the
ehold mbe popul age
lation age
s r of ation grou
grou
(HHs) HH % p 0-6
p 0-6
s%
%
Demographic details of villages affected by 1118
2544 3 3 1370
land purchase 7 3
Demographic details of Villages within the 2410 2762
54863 65 66
study area (minus the affected villages) 80 9
67
Demographic details of Urban areas within 1126 1209
26938 32 31
the study area 48 8 29
3649 4109
Demographic details of Total Study Area 84345 100 100
15 7 100
Source: Census 2011

According to the 2011 Census data, population in the total study area was 364915 living in
84345 households project site was whereas the affected villages population was 11187
persons that is about 3% of the total study area population and the population of all the rural
villages within the 15 km radius of the study area (Refer

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Table 3-32).
Social Groups
The proportion of Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) population within the
project study area is on an average 3.0% and 15.3% respectively. The proportion of SC
population in affected villages is merely 0.8% found only in 14 villages, which is less than
other rural villages (2.2%) and urban centers (4.9%) in the study area. Whereas the
proportions of ST population for affected villages is (43.9%), which together constitutes to
44.7% which is much higher than the other rural villages (21.9%) & urban areas (18.3%)
(Refer

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Table 3-33).

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Table 3-33 : SC and ST populations in the Project Study Area

SC and ST populations in Project Study Area Proporti Proportio
on of SC n of ST
populati population
on % %
SC and ST population in villages affected by land purchase 93 4906
(0.8%) (43.9%)
SC and ST population in Villages within the study area (minus the 5310 47441(19.7
affected villages) (2.2%) %)
SC and ST population in Urban areas within the study area 5540 3314
(4.9%) (2.9%)
SC and ST population in Total Study Area 10943 95661
(3.0%) (15.3%)
Source: Census 2011

Gender
Table 3-34 : Sex Ratio and Literacy rate in the Project Study Area
Sex Ratio and Literacy rate in Project Sex Ratio Literacy Literacy
Study Area per 1000 Rate % Rate %
male (Male) (Female)
Sex Ratio and Literacy rate in villages 972 57% 43%
affected by land purchase
Sex Ratio and Literacy rate in Villages 957 56% 44%
within the study area (minus the affected
villages)
Sex Ratio and Literacy rate in Urban areas 943 53% 47%
within the study area
Sex Ratio and Literacy rate in Total Study 953 55% 45%
Area
Source: Census 2011

According to 2011 census, sex ratio in the total study area was found to be 953 while in the
affected villages was found to be 972. The sex ratio in the villages other than the affected
villages was found to be 957.
It is important to note that, literacy rate for male and female in project affected villages is
57% and 43% respectively which indicates that the literate male population is more than the
female literate population. (Refer Table 3-34).

Vulnerability
As regards vulnerability, poverty is actually a reason for making any section of a population
vulnerable. The data for families below poverty line for the all the villages in study area is not
available. However, based on the studies in other areas of Maharashtra, most of the SC and

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ST families can be considered as the vulnerable group which constitutes about 45% of the
total population in the project affected villages in addition to any other BPL families in the
region.

Occupational Pattern
Table 3-35 : Workforce participation Ratio (WPR) in the Project Study Area
Workforce participation in Total Male Femal Main Margi Non
Project Study Area WPR WPR e Worke nal Worke
% % WPR rs Worke rs
% rs
Workforce participation in 48% 69% 31% 3478 1840 5869
villages affected by project
Workforce participation in 43% 73% 27% 73892 29382 137806
Villages within the study area
(minus the affected villages)
Workforce participation in 35% 79% 21% 34740 5142 72766
Urban areas within the study
area
Workforce participation in 41% 76% 24% 112110 36364 216441
Total Study Area
Source: Census 2011

It can be seen from Table 3-35 that the workforce participation ratio (WPR) in the study area
as a whole is about 41%, and the same for project affected villages is 43%. Of the total WPR,
the female workforce participation ratio is 24% and the same for project affected villages is
31% and other rural villages is 27%. The higher participation of female in project affected
villages and other villages in the study area is the reflection of role of women in household’s
economic contribution. Higher participation of women in economic contribution in rural
areas is mainly due to their involvement in agriculture and other activities such as dairy, wage
labors, etc. The data also reveals that the female participation ratio in workforce in urban
areas of study area is only 21%, which is lower than the rural areas of the study area.

Table 3-36 : Occupational profile of the villages in the Project Study Area
Occupational profile of the main % of Male & Occupation Type
workers in Project Study Area Female as, Main
Workers
Male Female Cul Agri. HH Ot
tiva Labo indu he
tor rers stry rs
Occupational profile of the Main Workers 69% 31% 19 32
45% 4%
in villages affected by land purchase % %
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Occupational profile of the main workers 73% 23%

30 46
in Villages within the study area (minus 21% 3%
% %
the affected villages)
Occupational profile of the Main workers 79% 21% 93
in Urban areas within the study area 1% 1% 5%
%
Occupational profile of the main workers 74% 26% 21 60
16% 3%
in Total Study Area % %

% of Male &
Female as
Marginal
Workers Occupation Type
Male Female Cul Agro. HH Ot
Occupational profile of the marginal tiva Labo indu he
workers in Project Study Area tor rers stry rs
Occupational profile of the marginal 49% 51%
13 12
workers in villages affected by land 73% 2%
% %
purchase
Occupational profile of the marginal 53% 47%
24 26
workers in Villages within the study area 44% 6%
% %
(minus the affected villages)
Occupational profile of the marginal 68% 32%
72
workers in Urban areas within the study 2% 20% 6%
%
area
Occupational profile of the marginal 55% 45% 21 31
42% 6%
workers in Total Study Area % %
Source: Census 2011

From the Table 3-36 it is observed that in case of Main Workers, the contribution of females
is low compared to the males which is about 2-3 times high as main workers in the overall
study area. Nevertheless, the contribution of females as main workers is much higher and
that of males in the project affected areas than the other rural villages & urban areas. The
main occupation type of the main workers in the project affected villages is Agro-laborers
(45%) followed by Others (32%) and HH industry (4%) as the least but in the other rural
villages, the main occupation type is Cultivators with a similar trend as others & HH
industry.
Similarly, in case of Marginal Workers also the contribution of females is low compared to
the males in the overall study area but the contribution of females as marginal workers also is
much higher and that of males in the project affected areas than the other rural villages &
urban areas.

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The main occupation type of the marginal workers in the overall study area is agro-laborers
followed by Cultivators with the highest percentage (73%) of Agro-laborers in the project
affected villages and Cultivators in the other rural villages.

3.13.3 Baseline Data as Per Socio-Economic Survey

Socio-Economic survey was conducted in all the villages affected by land purchase for the
project. In all 2544 households (Sample size) were surveyed and the village wise sample size
is shown in Table 3-37. Out of the total surveyed population, about 47% or 1653 did not
respond to the survey questions.
Family size
The respondents, 47% or 1653 people did not respond to the questions and the highest
number of families (31%) which responded to the survey consisted of 3 to 5 person size and
14% of families were with 6 to 9 person size and only 8% of the families comprised of 2
persons.

Table 3-37 : : Family size of surveyed respondents

Perce Family Size
Sam nt of Not Perce
Name of 3 6
ple Samp respondents nt perce Perce Perce
village 2 to to
size le (NR) (NR) nt nt nt
5 9
size
Virani 143 5.6 44 3 27 13.8 54 6.9 18 6
Mungoshi 105 4.1 5 0 16 8.2 55 7.0 29 9
Boregaon 248 9.7 147 9 15 7.7 64 8.1 22 7
Ambeghar 427 16.8 327 20 18 9.2 60 7.6 22 7
Shene 236 9.3 136 8 16 8.2 51 6.5 33 10
BelwadeK
24 0.9 77 5 12 6.1 77 9.8 12 4
hurd
Belvade
304 11.9 205 12 21 10.7 52 6.6 26 8
Budruk
Walak 52 2.0 50 3 12 6.1 60 7.6 30 9
Padale 59 2.3 41 2 9 4.6 58 7.4 33 10
Hamrapur 418 16.4 317 19 14 7.1 64 8.1 23 7
Balawali 346 13.6 246 15 16 8.2 65 8.3 19 6
Govirle 62 2.4 38 2 12 6.1 61 7.8 27 8
Ambiwali 120 4.7 20 1 8 4.1 66 8.4 26 8
Kopar
19 78 32
Total 2544 100.0 1653 100 100 100.0 100
6 7 0

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Perce Family Size

Sam nt of Not Perce
Name of 3 6
ple Samp respondents nt perce Perce Perce
village 2 to to
size le (NR) (NR) nt nt nt
5 9
size
8 31 14
100% 47%
% % %
Source: Primary Survey

Social Groups
Social group classification of respondents reflects all strata and groups in the collected data.
In the affected villages, the lowest percentage is of the SC group which is only 0.8% of the
total population compared to the General and OBC together which is 55.3% and 43.9% of ST
category (Refer Table 3-38).

Table 3-38 : Social classification of respondents

Social classification
percent of others
Name of village Percent percent others (OBC
SC ST (OBC and
of SC of ST and General)
General)
Virani 1 1.1 566 11.5 0 0.0
Mungoshi 0 0.0 228 4.6 258 4.2
Boregaon 0 0.0 618 12.6 475 7.7
Ambeghar 6 6.5 673 13.7 1081 17.5
Shene 2 2.2 1092 22.3 18 0.3
Belwade Khurd 0 0.0 3 0.1 107 1.7
Belwade Budruk 0 0.0 996 20.3 313 5.1
Walak 0 0.0 1 0.0 225 3.6
Padale 0 0.0 165 3.4 123 2.0
Hamrapur 74 79.6 16 0.3 1730 28.0
Balawali 4 4.3 456 9.3 1047 16.9
Govirle 0 0.0 0 0.0 316 5.1
Ambiwali 6 6.5 92 1.9 495 8.0
Kopar
Total 93 100 4906 100.0 6188 100.0
Percentage % 0.8 43.9 55.3
Source: Primary Survey

Literacy
Villages of Raigad district have 1368 government and private schools. In the affected
villages, the males are more literate than the females. The literacy rate for females range
between 43%-47% with the lowest rate in the affected villages and highest in the urban areas.

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In males the literacy rate range from 53%-57% with lowest in Urban areas and highest in the
affected villages.
Overall literacy rate of the region stands at 55% and 45% for male and female respectively.
In Pen region government has established total 132 primary and secondary school which
might have also improved from 2011 census figure. Nevertheless, the proposed Orange Smart
City project has provision of establishing educational institutions within the project boundary
and this would improve the education infrastructure of the region significantly.

Table 3-39: Literacy Rate in the project study area

Literacy Rate Literacy Rate %
Literacy Rate in Project Study Area
% (Male) (Female)
Literacy Rate in villages affected by land purchase 57% 43%
Literacy Rate in Villages within the study area
56% 44%
(minus the affected villages)
Literacy Rate in Urban areas within the study area 53% 47%
Literacy Rate in Total Study Area 55% 45%

Table 3-40 : Distribution of primary schools by management

Distribution of primary school by management No.

Government and Government Aided Schools 5

District School Board 1,283
Municipal School Board --
Schools Aided by- --
(1) District School Board 75
(2) Municipal School Board --
Unaided Schools 5
Total 1,368
Source: Kulaba Gazetteer Department

Income
In the project affected villages, the average monthly income based on the respondent data, of
the families range from rupees 3000 or less per month to more than 20,000 per month. The
highest percentage (56.3%) of surveyed families earned up to rupees 3000 or less per month
and only about 1.4% of the families earn rupees more than 20000 income per month. Another
19.7% of families are earning between rupees 3001 to 5000 per month. The rupees 3000 or
less & 3001 to 5000 per month categories of families put together constitutes 76.0% of total

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sample size and, thus revealing that the families in general are poor or marginally above
poverty level and the Orange Smart City project in these villages would create opportunities
for betterment.

Table 3-41 : Average monthly income of families

Monthly Family Income in Rs.

3000 or 3001 to 5001 to 10001 to
Name of village NA less 5000 10000 20000 >20001
Virani 1 8 2 1
Mungoshi 1 7 2 1
Boregaon 1 6 3 1
Ambeghar 1 9 4 1 2
Shene 1 6 2 1
BelwadeKhurd 3 4
Belwade Budruk 1 7 3 1
Walak 4 3 1
Padale 2 4 1
Hamrapur 1 9 4 1 2
Balawali 1 8 3 1
Govirle 2 4 1
Ambiwali 2 5 2 1
Kopar
Total 21 80 28 5 6 2
14.7% 56.3% 19.7% 3.5% 4.2% 1.4%
Source: Primary source

Occupation
The data in the Table 3-42 below depicts that 33.9% of respondents in the affected villages
are engaged in farming as their primary occupation for livelihood. This is somewhat in line
with the census data of 2011 where in 21% of the main workers are engaged as cultivators.
Occupation like business and other work (jobs and professionals) constitutes 13.7% of total
surveyed population.

Table 3-42 : Primary Occupation of Families

Primary occupation of HoH
Name of village Other House
NA Farming Business
work wife
Wirani 114 237 0 21 195
Mungoshi 101 217 1 78 89
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Primary occupation of HoH

Name of village Other House
NA Farming Business
work wife
Boregaon 216 458 3 88 328
Ambeghar 319 499 60 357 525
Shene 243 452 9 94 314
Belwade Khurd 24 32 0 16 38
Belwade Budruk 270 760 0 29 250
Walak 45 110 3 16 52
Padale 71 144 0 5 68
Hamrapur 447 189 61 402 721
Balawali 318 584 24 84 497
Govirle 77 22 14 58 145
Ambiwali 132 86 10 95 270
Kopar
total no. affected of villages
affected 2377 3790 185 1343 3492

21.2% 33.9% 1.7% 12.0% 31.2%

Source: Census 2011

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3.13.4 ASSET OWNERSHIP

Ownership of various asset class at household level gives an insight into the economic wellbeing of the family and a general affluence level of
the area. Therefore, the asset base of the respondent households was also surveyed. The asset ownership information has been collected for
electronic appliances like television, refrigerator etc. and vehicles owned. Of the total assets, the electronic appliances contribute to 87% and
about 13% was from vehicles. Among the electronics, 38% is from the Television and about 28% is from Telephone/Mobiles. In terms of
vehicles, about 11.55 was from Scooter/motorcycle and Car/Van/Jeep is only 1.3%. Overall, of all the assets refrigerator was lowest with only
1.1% (Refer Table 3-43)

Table 3-43 : Asset ownership

Name of village (insert Kopar village)

Assets Belwa Belwa
ownership in Vira Mungo Boreg Ambeg Shen de de Wal Pada Hamra Balaw Govir Ambiw Perce
surveyed HH ni Total
shi aon har e Khur Budr ak le pur ali le ali nt
d uk
Radio/
Transistor 24 22 9 11 8 43 0 4 100 13 5 2 14 255 16.2
Television 6 36 36 44 24 65 16 33 100 69 45 84 50 608 38.5
Computer/
Laptop 1 2 2 5 4 16 1 4 2 5 3 3 2 50 3.2
Telephone/Mo
bile Phone 4 36 26 20 16 54 10 35 82 42 24 53 42 444 28.1
Refrigerator 0 0 1.2 1.7 0 7.7 0 2 0 2.9 0.3 1.6 0 17.4 1.1
Scooter/
Motorcycle 4 16 18 17 3 19 4 14 2 22 10 31 22 182 11.5
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Name of village (insert Kopar village)

Assets Belwa Belwa
ownership in Vira Mungo Boreg Ambeg Shen de de Wal Pada Hamra Balaw Govir Ambiw Perce
surveyed HH ni Total
shi aon har e Khur Budr ak le pur ali le ali nt
d uk
Car/ Jeep/Van
0 4 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 9 2 21 1.3
1577.
Total
39 116 93.2 101.7 55 204.7 31 92 286 155.9 87.3 183.6 132 4 100.0

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3.14 Public Consultation and Discussion

Stakeholder management is one of the prerequisite for any projects they may impact the
project processes such as progress in construction, or have implications for the operations
phase of the project. Hence a stakeholder analysis is required to:

 Identify each stakeholder group

 Identify the nature of stakes they have on the project.

 Gauge their influence on the project

 Understand the specific issues, concerns as well as expectations of each group

from the project.

 This stakeholder analysis will help in assessing the social context in which they
will operate and in particular to:

 Identify concerns of interests between stakeholders;

 Identify inter dependencies between stakeholders that may enable "coalitions" of

project sponsorship, ownership and co-operation;

 Assess the ability of different stakeholders

3.14.1 Stakeholder Identification

Identification of stakeholders was undertaken based on the information available with the
project proponents and as evident from the project description. The list of the stakeholders
was updated based on further information as and when the new stakeholders were identified.
The scheme being a major component of service delivery and something which impacts day
to day affairs was likely to include a large number of stakeholders.

External Stakeholders
The external stakeholders identified in the project include:

 Panchayats

 Local villagers

 Landowners (large, medium, marginal and small(define please))& farmers

dependent on the dam(Is there a dam in the project site) for irrigation

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 Landless

 Women & other residents

 Labors to be engaged during the construction and operation phase

 Key decision makers in the village, informal representatives

 Regulatory Authorities

 State Environment Impact Assessment Authority

 Maharashtra State Pollution Control Board

 Maharashtra State Forest Department

 District & Local administrative bodies

 District Collector/Magistrate

 District Rural Development Agency

 Public Works Department (PWD)

 Irrigation Department

 Health Department

 Divisional Forest officer (DFOs), Forest Rangers,

 Tehsildar, Revenue Inspector and Patwari

 Private Sector

 Other industrial Associations

 Contractors and sub-contractors

 Petty shops and business owner

 Civil Society

 NGOs

 Religious and other associations

The stakeholders can primarily be classified on the basis of typical institutional setting in
which they operate. The other basis of classification is in terms of the interest and influence
they possess towards the project; there are other classifications too like the priority which
needs to be accorded to these stakeholders. For the purpose of the assessment during the draft
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ESIA stage only the key stakeholders were engaged, while the assessment of the rest of the
stakeholders was based on the roles and responsibilities and typical stakes they have for the
project.
Stakeholder consultations were carried out in the surrounding villages viz., BelawadeKhurd,
Ambeghar, Kopar to appraise the locals about the proposed project and to understand their
expectations and concerns about the project. A survey was carried out in the villages to
supplement the consultation process.

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3.14.2 Consultation Minutes

Date of Visit20/10/2015
Venue : Project Site
Client BEIPL : Mr. Hrushikesh Kolatkar
Client : Representative from Client
Village Name Kopar village Belawade village Ambeghar village
Discussion Points:

Key points of The village has school only for Primary The village has a total of 328 The village Ambeghar has 427 houses. The
the meeting level and for Middle and high school houses village has relatively large population. It
were students have to go to Jambhul tep, The school in the village is only up can be seen that the village is well
Pen. to eight standards. For studies after connected by road.
There is no primary health center eight, students have to go to Pen. The village has Government school up to
facility. For critical health related There is a private clinic of a 8th standard. For studies after eight,
matters, Pen is the nearest place. Physician in the village. The students have to go to Pen.
Rain water and Dug-well are the main nearest government primary health There is a private doctor in the village. The
sources of irrigation. For domestic use, center is at Pen village. nearest government primary health center
Dug-well and Hand pumps are the Most of the village land is rain fed is at Pen.
sources. for agriculture purpose. For the Most of the village land is irrigated through
Most of the people in the village are domestic use well and hand pumps dug-wells and tube wells.
engaged in agriculture, dairy. Rice and are the sources. For domestic use, dug-wells and hand
seasonal vegetables are cultivated by People of the village in general are pumps are the sources of water for
the people. Most of the seasonal engaged in agriculture, dairy and villagers.
vegetables grown are sold at Pen and wage labour. Rice and seasonal People of the village in general are
Navi Mumbai. Almost each family has vegetables are cultivated by the engaged in agriculture, dairy and wage
cows or buffaloes to supplement their people. Seasonal vegetable grown labour. Main crops are paddy and seasonal
income by selling milk. There are also are sold in nearby urban areas. vegetables Some families are dependent on
people is engaged in wage labor in Almost each family has cows or small vegetable cultivation for lack of any
agriculture and construction activity in buffaloes to supplement their other source of income.

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nearby urban areas. income. In addition to agriculture, the other two

Women in general support the family About half the male population of main occupation for earning for the locals
by engaging in agriculture and dairy village is engaged in construction is dairy and wage labour. Almost each
activity & household chores. activity in nearby urban areas. family has cows or buffaloes to supplement
The education level is generally their income.
low among the villagers Most of the male population of villages is
Women in general support the engaged in construction and factories in
family with household chores. In Pen as wage labor.
addition, women are also involved The education level is generally low
in agriculture and dairy activity of among the villagers.
family. Women in general support the family with
household chores. In addition, women are
also involved in agriculture and dairy
activity of family.
Key People are aware about the project and People are aware about the project People are aware about the project and
observations have a very positive opinion on the and have a very positive opinion on have a very positive opinion on the project.
and issues: project. the project. People expect the project would bring
People expect the project would bring People expect the project would development in their villages and would
development in their villages and bring development in their villages open up opportunity of employment and
would open up opportunity of and would open up opportunity of other business avenues
employment and other business employment and other business People were keen to know when the project
avenues avenues would start and what kind of factories will
People were keen to know when the People were keen to know when the come up
project would start and what kind of project would start and what kind People also expect the project to give
factories will come up. of factories will come up preference to local in employment
People also expect the project to give People also expect the project to In project construction phase the locals can
preference to local in employment give preference to local in be good source of construction labour as
Unemployment and lack of opportunity employment they are already in to that activities
is evident in the village. With respect to compensation, currently.
people are somewhat unhappy There is large scale unemployment
about the amount of compensation. reported during the survey
They feel that the market rate is
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higher than what they have received

from the government.
In project construction phase the
locals can be good source of
construction labour as they are
already in to that activities
currently.

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Chapter 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MTIIGATION

MEASURES
This chapter describes various social and environmental impacts identified and assessed for
the construction and operation phases of the proposed project. These impacts have been
identified through available project documents; discussions with the local community; the
project proponents and BEIPL’s previous project experience in handling assignments of a
similar nature.
This section identifies and assesses the range of potential impacts and extent of their severity
on environment, ecology, socio-economic resources, demographics, livelihoods, as well as
access and infrastructure issues. Mitigation measures for the identified impacts are also
suggested with a management plan for the proposed mitigation measures.

4.1 Impact Appraisal Criteria

All project environmental activities/aspects were comprehensively identified for the proposed
project construction and operational phase. The level of impact that may result from each of
the activity-component interactions are assessed based on subjective criteria in this chapter.
Based on standard environmental assessment methodologies, three key elements are
considered for this analysis.

Severity of Impact:

The degree of damage that may be caused to the environmental components concerned. This
will be decided by the standards available for the parameter. To decide severity a scale is
essential. This scale is assumed to be percentage value of the parameter with respect to the
existing standard. The 0 reading would be considered as 0 % and the standards valued will be
considered as 100%. For example SOx standard is 80 mircogram/ m3. In this case if a project
depicts baseline or prediction value as 80 microgram/ m3 then the value in terms of scale is
considered as 100%. If a project depicts baseline or predicted value as 72 mircogram/ m3 then
the value is 90%. Based on this scale three levels of severity are considered which are defined
below.

Severity 1 (Low) The baseline and / or predicted value is less than

90% /or if the activity is intermittent
Severity 2 (Moderate) The baseline and / or predicted value is between

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90% to 110% or the activity is continuous

Severity 3 (High) The baseline and / or predicted value is more than
110%

Extent of Impact:

The geographical spread of the impact around project location and corridors of activities.
Extent of the project impact is based on the impacts extent beyond the project boundary. As
per the model TOR for Industrial Estates issued by MoEF (2010) the primary impact zone is
10km from the project boundary. Based on this data the scale of extent of impact is defined as
below.

Extent 1 (Low) The extent of the impact is within the project

boundary.
Extent 2 (Moderate) The extent of the impact is within 10km. from the
project boundary.
Extent 3 (High) The extent of the impact is beyond 10km from the
project boundary.

Duration of Impact:

The time for which the impact lasts taking into account the project lifecycle. The duration
impact for said project has been bifurcated in to Construction and Operation Phase especially.
For Construction Phase the following criteria are used to decide intensity of the duration.

Cont. Duration 1 (Low) Impacts those are instantaneous. (e.g.

Noise)
Cont. Duration 2 (Moderate) Impacts those last during the entire
construction phase.
Cont. Duration 3 (High) Impacts those last after the construction
phase.
Any impact that is going to happen because of the operation of the project will continue
throughout the life of the project. Hence these impacts are categorized based on their likely
occurrence or frequency. These are defined in the following manner.

Ope. Duration 1 (Low) Rare (e.g. D. G. set operation)

Ope. Duration 2 (Moderate) Periodic
Ope. Duration 3 (High) Regular (e.g. traffic generated by the
project occupants)

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A positive or beneficial impact that may result from this project is not ranked and is depicted
in the form of ++.

Impact Significance:
The significance of the impact is adjudged based on a multiplicative factor of the three
element rankings mentioned above. The Table 4-1 below assigns impact significance in the
scale of Low-Medium-High and will be used for delineation of preventive actions, if any, and
management plans for mitigation of the impacts.
The impact significance is determined taking into account the measures which are factored at
the design and planning phase of the project. Legal issues are taken into account in the
criteria sets, wherever appropriate, to aid in OSCIPL effort to comply with all relevant
legislations. Additionally, the results of quantitative impact prediction exercise, wherever
undertaken, are also fed into the process.

Table 4-1 : Criteria based significance of Impact

Severity of Extent of Duration of Impact Significance

Impact (A) Impact (B) Impact (C) (A X B X C)
1 1 1 1
1 1 2 2
1 2 1 2
LOW
2 1 1 2
2 1 2 4
1 2 2 4
3 1 2 6
1 3 2 6
MEDIUM/
2 2 2 8
MODERATE
3 2 2 12
2 3 2 12
2 2 3 12
3 3 2 18
3 2 3 18
HIGH
2 3 3 18
3 3 3 27
- Impact is Beneficial - ++ POSITIVE
To assist in determining and presenting the significance of an impact, an impact evaluation
matrix was developed. The significance of the impact is depicted using colour codes for easy
understanding. In the case that an environmental component might be impacted by more than
one project activity the higher impact significance ranking is taken as the significance

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ranking for the subject receptor. Impacts that are determined to have high significance
ranking of “>12” are considered to be significant and hence require examination in terms of
preventive actions and/or required additional mitigation to reduce the level of the potential
impact.

4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase

The construction phase will be spread over the years of 2017-2024. The construction
activities will be undertaken by individual projects based on the environmental clearance and
consents accorded by the regulatory authorities. All activities of individual phases will be
staggered and separated by time thereby limiting the overall intensity of construction
activities in the area. The mitigation measures provided shall be implemented by each
individual project based on its applicability to the activities and processes.
Based on the activities involved, an impact interaction matrix for construction phase has been
prepared for the project. The impact identification matrix is presented in Table 4-2.

Table 4-2 : Impact Identification Matrix for Construction Phase

S.N Main Activities Potential Impacts
Air

Ambient Noise

Water Quality
Soil Resources

Occupational
&Transport
Livelihood
Resources

Health &
Ambient
Ecology

Quality

Quality

Traffic
Water

A Site Preparation
1 Site Clearing √ √ √ √ √
2 Excavation √ √
3 Access Road √ √
4 Tree and vegetation clearance √
5 Transportation of Machinery √ √ √ √
B Labour Engagement
1 Construction of Labour Camp √ √ √ √
2 Waste handling & its disposal √ √ √ √
3 Sewage disposal √ √
4 Power Supply √
5 Water Requirement √
C Material Handling & Storage
1 Transportation & Unloading of √ √ √
construction material
2 Storage & Handling of √
construction wastes
D Construction activities

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S.N Main Activities Potential Impacts

Air

Ambient Noise

Water Quality
Soil Resources

Occupational
&Transport
Livelihood
Resources

Health &
Ambient
Ecology

Quality

Quality

Traffic
Water
1 Preparation/Mixing of √ √
construction material
2 Supply of water, power, √ √ √
sanitation facilities
3 Operation of construction √ √ √
machinery
4 Handling and Disposal of √ √ √
construction wastes
E Demobilization
1 De8mobilization of Construction √ √ √
Equipment
2 Dismantling of temporary √ √ √ √
support construction structures/
equipments
3 Removal of construction √ √
machinery
4 Transportation of √ √
Construction/Dismantled wastes
Based on activity and the impact interaction matrix for construction phase of the project,
following impacts are identified and detail given in the subsequent sections:

 Ambient Air Quality;

 Water Resources and Quality;

 Landscape and Topography

 Soil Resources;

 Ambient Noise Quality;

 Impact on the socio-economic environment

 Ecological.

4.3 Impact on Ambient Air Quality

The baseline monitoring study conducted suggests that the particulate matter (PM10 and
PM2.5) values and other parameters such as SOx, NOx etc are within the norms as discussed

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in the baseline monitoring discussion in decription of the environment for the monitoring
carried out for the month of March-2015 to May -2015.
The type of pollution sources during construction activities are as discussed below:

4.3.1 Construction Phases

The construction phase shall be carried out in two phases, the first phase shall be executed
from 2017 to 2021 while the second phase shall be completed from 2021 to 2024. The
sources of pollution during the two construction phases are divided in to three types as
discussed below;

1) Point Sources:
 DG sets that are required for temporary power for construction equipment. The type
of pollution shall be exhaust emission from the stack in terms of CO, NOx, PM10
 Construction equipment working on diesel and other hydrocarbons. The type of
pollution shall be in terms of CO, NOx, PM10
 Burning of wood, coal and other material for preparation of construction material like
asphalt, coal tar etc.

2) Line Sources:
 Construction trucks exhaust emissions in terms of CO, NOx, PM10
 Vehicles plying on the road which is a result of improvement in road infrastructure
and other facilities, the impacts would be in terms of CO, NOx, PM10
 Other earth moving equipment like crane, backhoe, drilling equipment

3) Area Sources:
 The construction area for Phase I and Phase II which have been divided into two
different areas
 Various construction activities like movement of construction debris and various
construction waste and construction material. Most of the activities that are involved
in area sources pollution sources created particulate matter as the type of pollution

The impacts of the type of pollution created are as discussed below:

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 Nitrogen oxides (NOx): NOx pollution causes ground level ozone, or smog, which can
burn lung tissue, exacerbate asthma, and make people more susceptible to chronic respiratory
diseases.

 Particulate matter: Particulate matter (also referred to as soot or fly ash) can cause
chronic bronchitis, aggravated asthma, and premature death, as well as haze obstructing
visibility.

 Carbon monoxide: Breathing CO can cause headache, dizziness, vomiting, and

nausea. If CO levels are high enough, you may become unconscious or die. Exposure to
moderate and high levels of CO over long periods of time has also been linked with increased
risk of heart disease. People who survive severe CO poisoning may suffer long-term health
problems.

The quantification of the sources along with emission factors are presented from Table 4-3 to
Table 4-10:

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Table 4-3 : Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for
T1 for Phase (FY 2021)

AREAS SOURCES
Const Phase 1 FY 2021
ISC3 SOX NOX PM10 CO

SH88 AREA001 Const Phase: Current road traffic; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the 4.07353E-06 6.61926E-06 1.82373E-06
AREA002 respective FY 4.07353E-06 6.61926E-06 1.82373E-06

SH88 AREA003 Const Phase: Current road traffic; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the 4.07353E-06 6.61926E-06 1.82373E-06
AREA004 respective FY 4.07353E-06 6.61926E-06 1.82373E-06

SITE RD. 1 AREA005 Const. phase: Material Carrying vehicles and transit vehicles; Operation 9.00602E-05 2.96031E-06 4.41685E-06 3.30188E-06
phase: Extrapolated traffic for the respective FY
SITE RD.1 AREA006 Const. phase: Material Carrying vehicles and transit vehicles; Operation phase: 9.00602E-05 2.96031E-06 4.41685E-06 3.30188E-06
Extrapolated traffic for the respective FY

SITE RD.1 AREA007 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction 0.000207337 3.40379E-05 3.23362E-05 1.56854E-05
emissions, hot mix plants, stone crushers, resuspended dust

SITE RD.1 AREA008 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction 0.000207337 3.40379E-05 3.23362E-05 1.56854E-05
emissions, hot mix plants, stone crushers, resuspended dust

SITE RD.1 AREA 009 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction 0.000207337 3.40379E-05 3.23362E-05 1.56854E-05
emissions, hot mix plants, stone crushers, resuspended dust

SITE RD.1 AREA010 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction 0.000207337 3.40379E-05 3.23362E-05 1.56854E-05
emissions, hot mix plants, stone crushers, resuspended dust

Const Phase I Vol Source I Fugitive dust emissions during construction 0.000207337 3.40379E-05 3.23362E-05 1.56854E-05

Const Phase I Vol Source II Fugitive dust emissions during construction 0.000207337 3.40379E-05 3.23362E-05 1.56854E-05

Const Phase II Volume Source III Fugitive dust emissions during construction 0.000207337 3.40379E-05 3.23362E-05 1.56854E-05

STK001 DG1 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347
worki ng

STK002 DG2 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347
worki ng

STK003 DG3 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347
I worki ng

STK004 DG4 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr
worki ng

STK005 DG5 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr
worki ng

STK006 DG6 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr
worki ng

STK007 DG7 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr
worki ng

STK008 DG8 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr
worki ng

STK009 DG9 Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK010 DG10 Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

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Table 4-4: Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for
T1 for Phase II (FY2024)

AREAS
Const. Phase 2 FY 2024
ISC3 SOX NOX PM10 CO

SH88 AREA001 8.53402E-07 3.73614E-07 8.76128E-07

AREA002 8.53402E-07 3.73614E-07 8.76128E-07

SH88 AREA003 8.53402E-07 3.73614E-07 8.76128E-07

AREA004 8.53402E-07 3.73614E-07 8.76128E-07

SITE RD. 1 AREA005 1.49835E-05 6.97569E-06 1.34924E-05

SITE RD.1 AREA006 3.7125E-07 1.66994E-07 3.49216E-07

SITE RD.1 AREA007 - - -

SITE RD.1 AREA008 - - -

SITE RD.1 AREA 009 - - -

SITE RD.1 AREA010 - - -

Const Phase I Vol Source I

Const Phase I Vol Source II

Const Phase II Volume Source III

STK001 DG1 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK002 DG2 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK003 DG3 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK004 DG4 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK005 DG5 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK006 DG6 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK007 DG7 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK008 DG8 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK009 DG9 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK010 DG10 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

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Table 4-5: Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for T2 for Phase I
(FY2021)
AREAS SOURCES
Const Phase 1 FY 2021
ISC3 SOX NOX PM10 CO

Ba l a va l i roa d AREA001 Const Phase: Current roa d tra ffi c; Operation phase: Extra pol a ted tra ffi c for the res pecti ve FY 4.0735E-06 6.6193E-06 1.8237E-06

Si te roa d I AREA002 Const Phase: Current roa d tra ffi c; Operation phase: Extra pol a ted tra ffi c for the res pecti ve FY 9.006E-05 2.9603E-06 4.4169E-06 3.3019E-06
AREA003 9.006E-05 2.9603E-06 4.4169E-06 3.3019E-06

SITE RD. 1 AREA004 Const. phase: Ma teri a l Ca rryi ng vehi cl es a nd tra ns i t vehi cl es ; Operation phase: Extrapolated 9.006E-05 2.9603E-06 4.4169E-06 3.3019E-06
traffic for the respective FY
SITE RD. 1 AREA005 Const. phase: Ma teri a l Ca rryi ng vehi cl es a nd tra ns i t vehi cl es ; Operation phase: Extrapolated 9.006E-05 2.9603E-06 4.4169E-06 3.3019E-06
traffic for the respective FY
.
SITE RD. 1 AREA006 Const. phase: Ma teri a l Ca rryi ng vehi cl es a nd tra ns i t vehi cl es ; Operation phase: Extrapolated 9.006E-05 2.9603E-06 4.4169E-06 3.3019E-06
traffic for the respective FY

SITE RD. 1 AREA007 Const. phase: Ma teri a l Ca rryi ng vehi cl es a nd tra ns i t vehi cl es ; Operation phase: Extrapolated 9.006E-05 2.9603E-06 4.4169E-06 3.3019E-06
traffic for the respective FY

Pha s e I Cons t. AREA 008 Construction phase: Sta ti ona ry cons tructi on equi pments , cons tructi on emi s s i ons , hot mi x 0.00020734 3.4038E-05 3.2336E-05 1.5685E-05
Area I pl a nts , s tone crus hers , res us pended dus t

Pha s e II Cons t. AREA09 Construction phase: Sta ti ona ry cons tructi on equi pments , cons tructi on emi s s i ons , hot mi x 0.00020734 3.4038E-05 3.2336E-05 1.5685E-05
Area II pl a nts , s tone crus hers , res us pended dus t

Pha s e II Cons t. AREA010 Construction phase: Sta ti ona ry cons tructi on equi pments , cons tructi on emi s s i ons , hot mi x 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347
Area III pl a nts , s tone crus hers , res us pended dus t

STK001 DG2 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK002 DG3 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK003 DG4 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK004 DG5 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK005 DG6 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK006 DG7 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK007 DG7 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK008 DG8 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK009 DG9 Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK010 DG10 Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

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Table 4-6: Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for
T2 for Phase II (FY2024)

AREAS SOURCES
Const. Phase 2 FY 2024
ISC3 SOX NOX PM10 CO

Ba l a va l i roa d AREA001 Const Phase: Current roa d tra ffi c; Operation phase: Extra pol a ted tra ffi c for the res pecti ve FY 8.534E-07 3.7361E-07 8.7613E-07

Si te roa d I AREA002 Const Phase: Current roa d tra ffi c; Operation phase: Extra pol a ted tra ffi c for the res pecti ve FY - - -
AREA003 - - -
- - -
SITE RD. 1 AREA004 Const. phase: Ma teri a l Ca rryi ng vehi cl es a nd tra ns i t vehi cl es ; Operation phase: Extrapolated - - -
traffic for the respective FY
SITE RD. 1 AREA005 Const. phase: Ma teri a l Ca rryi ng vehi cl es a nd tra ns i t vehi cl es ; Operation phase: Extrapolated - - -
traffic for the respective FY
.
SITE RD. 1 AREA006 Const. phase: Ma teri a l Ca rryi ng vehi cl es a nd tra ns i t vehi cl es ; Operation phase: Extrapolated - - -
traffic for the respective FY

SITE RD. 1 AREA007 Const. phase: Ma teri a l Ca rryi ng vehi cl es a nd tra ns i t vehi cl es ; Operation phase: Extrapolated - - -
traffic for the respective FY

Pha s e I Cons t. AREA 008 Construction phase: Sta ti ona ry cons tructi on equi pments , cons tructi on emi s s i ons , hot mi x - - -
Area I pl a nts , s tone crus hers , res us pended dus t

Pha s e II Cons t. AREA09 Construction phase: Sta ti ona ry cons tructi on equi pments , cons tructi on emi s s i ons , hot mi x - - -
Area II pl a nts , s tone crus hers , res us pended dus t

Pha s e II Cons t. AREA010 Construction phase: Sta ti ona ry cons tructi on equi pments , cons tructi on emi s s i ons , hot mi x 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347
Area III pl a nts , s tone crus hers , res us pended dus t

STK001 DG2 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK002 DG3 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK003 DG4 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK004 DG5 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK005 DG6 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK006 DG7 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK007 DG7 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK008 DG8 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK009 DG9 Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK010 DG10 Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

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Table 4-7: Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for
T3 for Phase I (FY2021)

AREAS SOURCES
Const Phase 1 FY 2021
ISC3 SOX NOX PM10 CO

NH66 AREA001 Const Phase: Current road traffic; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the respective FY 4.074E-06 6.619E-06 1.824E-06
AREA002 4.074E-06 6.619E-06 1.824E-06

NH66 AREA003 Const Phase: Current road traffic; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the respective FY 2.806E-07 1.925E-08 1.462E-07
AREA004 2.806E-07 1.925E-08 1.462E-07

NH66 AREA005 Const Phase: Current road traffic; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the respective FY 9.006E-05 2.96E-06 4.417E-06 3.302E-06
AREA006 9.006E-05 2.96E-06 4.417E-06 3.302E-06

NH66 AREA007 Const Phase: Current road traffic; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the respective FY 9.006E-05 2.96E-06 4.417E-06 3.302E-06

Site road AREA008 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction emissions, hot mix plants, 0.0002073 3.404E-05 3.234E-05 1.569E-05
stone crushers, resuspended dust

Site road AREA 009 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction emissions, hot mix plants, 0.0002073 3.404E-05 3.234E-05 1.569E-05
stone crushers, resuspended dust

Site road AREA010 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction emissions, hot mix plants, 0.0002073 3.404E-05 3.234E-05 1.569E-05
stone crushers, resuspended dust

Construction Volume Fugitive dust emissions during construction 0.0002073 3.404E-05 3.234E-05 1.569E-05
Phase I source I

Construction Volume Fugitive dust emissions during construction 0.0002073 3.404E-05 3.234E-05 1.569E-05
Phase I source II

Construction Volume Fugitive dust emissions during construction 0.0002073 3.404E-05 3.234E-05 1.569E-05
Phase II source III

STK001 DG2 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK002 DG3 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK003 DG4 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK004 DG5 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK005 DG6 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK006 DG7 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK007 DG7 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK008 DG8 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK009 DG9 Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK010 DG10 Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

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Table 4-8: Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for
T3 for Phase II (FY2024)

AREAS SOURCES
Const. Phase 2 FY 2024
ISC3 SOX NOX PM10 CO

NH66 AREA001 Const Phase: Current road traffic; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the respective FY 8.534E-07 3.736E-07 8.761E-07
AREA002 8.534E-07 3.736E-07 8.761E-07

NH66 AREA003 Const Phase: Current road traffic; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the respective FY 1.159E-07 4.818E-08 1.319E-07
AREA004 1.159E-07 4.818E-08 1.319E-07

NH66 AREA005 Const Phase: Current road traffic; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the respective FY 1.498E-05 6.976E-06 1.349E-05
AREA006 3.712E-07 1.67E-07 3.492E-07

NH66 AREA007 Const Phase: Current road traffic; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the respective FY 3.712E-07 1.67E-07 3.492E-07

Site road AREA008 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction emissions, hot mix plants, - - -
stone crushers, resuspended dust

Site road AREA 009 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction emissions, hot mix plants, - - -
stone crushers, resuspended dust

Site road AREA010 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction emissions, hot mix plants, - - -
stone crushers, resuspended dust

Construction Volume Fugitive dust emissions during construction

Phase I source I

Construction Volume Fugitive dust emissions during construction

Phase I source II

Construction Volume Fugitive dust emissions during construction

Phase II source III

STK001 DG2 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK002 DG3 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK003 DG4 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK004 DG5 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK005 DG6 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK006 DG7 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK007 DG7 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK008 DG8 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK009 DG9 Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK010 DG10 Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

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Table 4-9: Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for
T4 for Phase I (FY2021)

AREAS SOURCES
Const Phase 1 FY 2021
ISC3 SOX NOX PM10 CO

SH88 AREA001 Const Phase: Current road traffic; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the respective FY 4.074E-06 6.619E-06 1.824E-06
AREA002 4.074E-06 6.619E-06 1.824E-06

Panvel AREA003 Const Phase: Current road traffic; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the respective FY
Matheran AREA004 2.806E-07 1.925E-08 1.462E-07
Road

SITE RD. 1 AREA005 Const. phase: Material Carrying vehicles and transit vehicles; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the 9.006E-05 2.96E-06 4.417E-06 3.302E-06
respective FY
SITE RD.2 AREA006 Const. phase: Material Carrying vehicles and transit vehicles; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the 9.006E-05 2.96E-06 4.417E-06 3.302E-06
respective FY

STP AREA007 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction emissions, hot mix plants, stone 0.0002073 3.404E-05 3.234E-05 1.569E-05
AREA(sector crushers, resuspended dust
1)

SECTOR 2 AREA008 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction emissions, hot mix plants, stone 0.0002073 3.404E-05 3.234E-05 1.569E-05
crushers, resuspended dust

SECTOR 4 AREA 009 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction emissions, hot mix plants, stone 0.0002073 3.404E-05 3.234E-05 1.569E-05
crushers, resuspended dust

SECTOR 6 AREA010 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction emissions, hot mix plants, stone 0.0002073 3.404E-05 3.234E-05 1.569E-05
crushers, resuspended dust

STK001 DG2 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK002 DG3 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK003 DG4 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK004 DG5 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK005 DG6 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK006 DG7 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK007 DG7 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK008 DG8 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK009 DG9 Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

STK010 DG10 Operation phase: 3hr worki ng

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Table 4-10: Table showing the source of pollution along with the emission quantification for
T4 for Phase II (FY2024)

AREAS SOURCES
Const. Phase 2 FY 2024
ISC3 SOX NOX PM10 CO

SH88 AREA001 Const Phase: Current road traffic; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the respective FY 8.534E-07 3.736E-07 8.761E-07
AREA002 8.534E-07 3.736E-07 8.761E-07

Panvel AREA003 Const Phase: Current road traffic; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the respective FY
Matheran AREA004 1.159E-07 4.818E-08 1.319E-07
Road

SITE RD. 1 AREA005 Const. phase: Material Carrying vehicles and transit vehicles; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the 1.498E-05 6.976E-06 1.349E-05
respective FY
SITE RD.2 AREA006 Const. phase: Material Carrying vehicles and transit vehicles; Operation phase: Extrapolated traffic for the 3.712E-07 1.67E-07 3.492E-07
respective FY

STP AREA007 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction emissions, hot mix plants, stone - - -
AREA(sector crushers, resuspended dust
1)

SECTOR 2 AREA008 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction emissions, hot mix plants, stone - - -
crushers, resuspended dust

SECTOR 4 AREA 009 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction emissions, hot mix plants, stone - - -
crushers, resuspended dust

SECTOR 6 AREA010 Construction phase: Stationary construction equipments, construction emissions, hot mix plants, stone - - -
crushers, resuspended dust

STK001 DG2 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK002 DG3 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK003 DG4 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.00005 0.000081 0.0000408 0.0000347

STK004 DG5 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK005 DG6 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK006 DG7 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK007 DG7 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK008 DG8 Construction phase: 8hr worki ng for power ba ckup; Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK009 DG9 Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

STK010 DG10 Operation phase: 3hr worki ng 0.000019 0.0000304 0.0000153 0.000013

Figure showing CO Emissions for till 2021

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Figure showing NOx emissions till 2021

Figure showing PM10 emissions till 2021

Table 4-11: CO emissions for different receptors for 2021

Receptor Predicted Background Cumulative Standard

GLC
RCP001 218.103 370 588.103 2000
RCP002 218.033 0 218.033 2000
RCP003 187.493 0 187.493 2000
RCP004 296.475 380 676.475 2000
RCP005 161.49 0 161.49 2000
RCP006 131.155 0 131.155 2000
RCP007 199.268 260 459.268 2000
RCP008 157.471 0 157.471 2000
RCP009 91.969 0 91.969 2000
RCP010 135.116 400 535.116 2000
RCP011 88.64 0 88.64 2000
RCP012 87.43 0 87.43 2000
RCP013 88.01 0 88.01 2000
RCP014 93.06 0 93.06 2000

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Table 4-12: NOx emissions for different receptors for 2021

Receptor Predicted Background Cumulative Standard

GLC
RCP001 7.577 42.62 50.197 80
RCP002 6.958 20.7 27.658 80
RCP003 6.676 19.78 26.456 80
RCP004 9.347 24.44 33.787 80
RCP005 5.408 17.99 23.398 80
RCP006 5.43 17.35 22.78 80
RCP007 7.84 25.35 33.19 80
RCP008 5.924 17.41 23.334 80
RCP009 3.785 18.05 21.835 80
RCP010 5.268 25.43 30.698 80
RCP011 2.98 18.05 21.03 80
RCP012 2.23 21.13 23.36 80
RCP013 2.54 21.26 23.8 80
RCP014 3.77 19.3 23.07 80

Table 4-13: Particulate emissions for different receptors for 2021

Receptor Predicted Background Cumulative Standard

GLC
RCP001 29.296 54.36 83.656 100
RCP002 23.353 50.84 74.193 100
RCP003 21.051 41.87 62.921 100
RCP004 29.303 56.41 85.713 100
RCP005 14.043 38.74 52.783 100
RCP006 12.751 38.73 51.481 100
RCP007 33.868 50.96 84.828 100
RCP008 24.531 37.96 62.491 100
RCP009 14.996 38.46 53.456 100
RCP010 22.871 59.53 82.401 100
RCP011 11.44 38.46 49.9 100
RCP012 10.25 53.02 63.27 100
RCP013 10.13 49.52 59.65 100
RCP014 12.11 42.7 54.81 100

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4.3.2 Impact Results and discussion

The results of the air modeling simulation is shown in Error! Reference source not found.
to Table 4-34. The NAAQS standards for PM10, NOx, and CO are 100.0µg/m3, 80.0µg/m3,
2000.0µg/m3 respectively for 24 hours. The modeling results can be assessed as below:

In Year 2021

1) PM10: - The PM10 levels for the project during 2021 are the highest for onsite T4 land
parcel which is (RCP004)85.713µg/m3, and lowest for Wirani village which is
49.9µg/m3. The higher levels of PM10 at T4 land parcel is because the high levels of
fugitive dust generated during the construction phase. It should be noticed that the
NAAQS levels are not being exceeded

2) NOx: -The NOx levels for the year 2021 are maximum at receptor T3 land parcel which
are 50.197 µg/m3. The 24-hourly emission benchmark as per NAAQS is 80µg/m3. The
lowest levels of NOx emissions over the 24-hourly period is 21.03µg/m3 which are at
Belawade Budruk.

3) CO: - The 8 hourly CO levels as per NAAQS standards is 2000µg/m3 which is not
surpassed at any of the receptor locations. The maximum CO levels are 676.475 µg/m3
at T-4 land parcel while the lowest is at 88.01 µg/m3 which is at Village Jai Khurd

Significance of Impact

As the per the modelling results, the predicted GLCs are less than 90% of the existing
standards , during the construction phase the severity of the impact is Low (1), also as the
extent of the impact is within the project boundary the extent is categorized as Low (1) and as
the duration of the impact is for the entire contruction period, the duration of the impact is
categorized as moderate (2) and subsequently the impact has been ranked as ‘Low’.

Severity of Impact 1 Extent of Impact 2 Duration of Impact 2

Impact Significance = 4 i.e. Low

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4.3.3 Mitigation measures during construction phase

Procedural Changes to Construction Activities

 Material Production

The transport of materials such as concrete and asphalt to construction sites generate
significant amounts of road dust, especially for sites that are relatively far from material
manufacturers. Setting up temporary portable concrete plants and/or asphalt plants at
construction sites can eliminate haulage of materials

 Idling Time Reduction

Construction equipment is commonly left idling while the operators are on break or waiting
for the completion of another task. Emissions from idling equipment tend to be high, since
catalytic converters cool down, thus reducing the efficiency of hydrocarbon and carbon
monoxide oxidation. Existing idling control technologies, which automatically shut the
engine off after a present time can reduce emissions, without intervention from the operators.

 Improved Maintenance

Recognizing that significant emission reductions can be achieved through regular equipment
maintenance, contractors will be asked to provide maintenance records for their fleet as part
of the contract bid and at regular intervals throughout the life of the contract. A monetary
incentive/disincentive provision will be established to encourage contractors to comply with
regular maintenance requirements.

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 Reduction of On-site Construction Time

Rapid on-site construction would reduce the duration of traffic interference and therefore,
reduce emission from traffic delay. Off-site fabrication of structural components can also
enhance the quality of work, as the production takes place in controlled settings and external
factors such as weather and traffic do not interfere.

 Restricted use of certain materials

It shall be incorporated in all contract documents for contractors to limit use of non-volatile
materials to restrict emissions of gases in to immediate environment. Certain materials shall
be totally banned from entering the site during construction phase such as asbestos in any
form, urea – formaldehyde or materials that would release formaldehyde, materials
containing fibers <3micron, lead or lead containing materials other than in roof materials
flashings where runoff is directed into sewers, CFC based refrigerants, etc.

 Emission Control from Stone Crushers & Batching Plants

Dust suppression systems (water spraying with emulsifiers) to be adopted at

 Dust extraction systems to be used in drill machines
 Using sharp drill bits for drilling holes and drills with water flushing systems (wet
drilling), to reduce dust generation
 Over Burden waste by water sprinklers
 The excavation debris shall be kept at one place and covered with grass turf to reduce
runoff during monsoon season
 In order to process aggregates and produce raw materials for construction, stone
crushers & batching plant will be set up on site.

The Table 4-14 depicts source wise control of emissions from concrete batching plant
whereas Table 4-15 gives the source-wise control measures for stone crushers that are
proposed to be carried forward in all the future developments.

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Table 4-14 : Source wise control of emisisions from the concrete batching plant

Table 4-15 : Source-wise control measures for stone crushers

 AQM through Direct & Fugitive Emission Control

Even though regulatory framework through policy and fiscal measures and governance shall
help the overall air quality, it is most essential to have control measures that would render

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effective management for direct and fugitive emissions. These control measures are
delineated in the subsequent sections
a) During Construction Phase: To mitigate the impact of PM10 (dust) as discussed earlier
during the construction phase of the proposed project, A dust control plan & Procedural
changes to construction activities are recommended for implementation.

Dust Control Plan

Table 4-16 provides a dust control plan, specific to construction activities.

Table 4-16: Dust Control plan

Fugitive Dust Dust Control Actions Cost Distribution

Source
Category
Earth-moving 1a. For any earth moving which is more than 1a. Associated
30m from all property lines, conduit watering as pumping costs
necessary to prevent visible dust emissions from
exceeding 100m in length in any direction
Disturbed 2a. Apply dust suppression in a sufficient
surface areas quantity and frequency to maintain a stabilized
(except surface;
completed
grading areas) 2b. Areas, which cannot be stabilized, as 2b. Associated
evidenced by wind driven dust, must have an pumping costs
application of water at least twice per day for at
least 80 percent of the non-stabilized area

Disturbed 2c. Apply water to at least 80 percent of all 2c. Associated pumping
surface areas inactive accessible disturbed surface areas on a costs
(completed daily basis when there is evidence of wind driven
grading areas) fugitive dust

Inactive 3a. Apply dust suppressants in sufficient

disturbed quantity and frequency to maintain a stabilized
surface areas surface; OR

3b. Utilize any combination of control actions 3b. n/a

2c, 2d, or 3a such that, in total, they apply to all
inactive disturbed surface areas

Unpaved roads 4a. Water all roads used for any vehicular traffic 4a. Associated
at least twice per day of active operations; OR pumping costs.

4b. Water all roads used for any vehicular traffic

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Fugitive Dust Dust Control Actions Cost Distribution

Source
Category
once daily and restrict vehicle speed to 15kmph 4b. Associated
. sprinkling costs

Open storage 5a. Apply water to at least 80 percent of the 5a. Associated
piles surface areas of all open storage piles on a daily pumping costs
basis when there is evidence of wind driven
fugitive dust; OR

5b. Install a three-sided enclosure with walls 5b. Enclosure costs

with no more than 50 percent porosity that
extends, at a minimum, to the top of the pile

5c. Mist sprays should be provided at appropriate

places for preventing dust pollution during
handling and stockpiling of stones and loose
earth

5d. Over Burden (OB) waste dumps shall be

sprayed with water, as they are the major source
of air borne particulate matter/dust

5f. OB waste dumps shall be reclaimed/

afforested to bind the loose soil and to prevent
soil erosion

5e. Regular water spraying on haulage roads

during transportation of stones
Track-out 6a. Downwash of trucks (especially tires) prior 6a. Associated
control to departure from site pumping costs.

The most cost-effective dust suppressant is water, because a source of water tends to be
readily available on the construction site. Water can be applied using water trucks, handheld
sprays and automatic sprinkler systems. Furthermore, incoming loads could be covered to
avoid loss of material in transport, especially if material is transported off-site.

 Emission Control from Construction

It is very well known that such huge scale of construction shall lead to dust emissions not
only within the immediate zone of impact but shall also be influenced under the high

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expected winds in the project area thereby requiring emission control measure which are
proposed as follows
 In Case of Building Construction

Scaffolding to be erected around the perimeter of a building under construction, effective dust
screens, sheeting or netting shall be provided to enclose the scaffolding from the ground floor
level of the building, or if a canopy is provided at the first floor level, from the first floor
level, up to the highest level of the scaffolding; Any skip hoist for material transport shall be
totally enclosed by impervious sheeting; Dusty materials remaining after a stockpile is
removed shall be wetted with water and cleared from the surface of roads or streets;

 In Case of Road Construction / Reopening / Surface Repairs

(a) Any excavated dusty materials or stockpile of dusty materials shall be

(i) Covered entirely by impervious sheeting; or
(ii)Sprayed with water so as to maintain the entire surface wet, and removed or backfilled or
reinstated within 24 hours of the excavation or unloading;
(b) A stockpile of dusty materials shall not extend beyond the pedestrian barriers, fencing or
traffic cones;
(c) Any dusty materials remaining after a stockpile to be removed shall be wetted with water
and cleared from the surface of roads or streets;

 In case of materials with potential of dust emissions through storage

(a) Every stock of more than 20bags of cement or dry pulverized fuel ash shall be covered
entirely by impervious sheeting or placed in an area sheltered on the top and the 3 sides
(b) Cement or dry pulverized fuel ash delivered in bulk shall be stored in a closed silo fitted
with an audible high level alarm which is interlocked with the material filling line such
that, in the event of the silo approaching an overfilling condition, an audible alarm is
triggered and the material filling stops within one minute
(c) Silos used for the storage of cement or dry pulverized fuel ash shall not be overfilled
(d) The loading, unloading, transfer, handling or storage of bulk cement or dry pulverized
fuel ash; or any cement or dry pulverized fuel ash during or after the de-bagging process,
shall be carried out in a totally enclosed system or facility, and any vent or exhaust shall

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be fitted with an effective fabric filter or equivalent air pollution control system or
equipment
 In Case of Exposed Earth

Exposed earth shall be properly treated by compaction, turfing, hydro-seeding, vegetation

planting or sealing with latex, vinyl, bitumen, shotcrete or other suitable surface stabilizer
within 6 months after the last construction activity on the construction site or part of the
construction site where the exposed earth lies.

 In Case of Debris Handling

(a) Any debris shall be covered entirely by impervious sheeting or stored in a debris
collection area sheltered on the top and the 3 sides
(b) Every debris chute shall be enclosed by impervious sheeting or similar materials
(c) Before debris is dumped into a debris chute, it shall be sprayed with water or a dust
suppression chemical so that it remains wet when it is dumped

4.4 Impact on Water Resources and Quality

The impact on water resources and quality from the construction phase of the project arises
from the following:

4.4.1 Requirement of water for construction and labour camps

The construction activities will require setting up of 3 - 4 construction camps for each phase
of project with a capacity to accommodate a peak labour of 100 - 200 workers at each
campsite and an average labour of around 500 workers. The labour camps will require water
for domestic consumption of workers as well as for the construction activities such as
preparation of concrete mix, curing, housekeeping, dust suppression etc. It is estimated that
each construction camp would require about 15 m3/ hour to 200 m3/ hour of water during the
peak construction period. The requirement of water for construction will put additional
pressure on the local resources.
Significance of the Impact
Though the water requirement during the construction period is 320 m3/day during the peak
construction period, the requirement will be intermittent and not continuous the severity is
categorized as ‘Low’(1) , also as the extent of the impact is restricted within the project
boundary the same is classified as ‘Low’ (1) and as the duration of the impact will last during

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the entire construction period the duration of the impact has been categorized Moderate (2)
and accordingly the impact has been ranked as Low (2).

Severity of Impact 1 Extent of Impact 1 Duration of Impact 2

Impact Significance = 2 i.e. Low

 Disposal of sewage from construction camps

It is expected that during construction phase, there will be generation of sewage and minor
quantity of rejected water from testing of utility tanks and pipelines during commissioning of
the project. About 80 to 200 m3/day of sewage is expected to be generated due to working of
100 to 200 labour at each construction camp site. There is a potential for contamination of
surface and groundwater resources resulting from improper management of sewage.

Siginifcance of the impact

The sewage disposal from the labour camps will be to the tune of maximum upto 200 m 3/day
(80% of the 320 m3/day) and will be intermittent and not continuous the severity has been
categorized as ‘Low’ (1), also as the extent of the impact is restricted within the project
boundary the extent is classified as ‘Low’(1) and as the duration of the impact is during the
entire construction period i.e, ‘Medium’ (2) the impact has been ranked as ‘Low’

Severity of Impact 1 Extent of Impact 1 Duration of Impact 2

Impact Significance = 2 i.e. Low

 Sediment run off from construction area

The construction activities will result in disturbance of topsoil rendering it vulnerable to

erosion and runoff. The potential impact on water quality can be due to escape of excavated
soil along the existing channels where the loose silt and sand could be washed along the
surface drainage. Improper storage of excavated soil, raw material for construction and debris
can lead to contamination/siltation of adjoining water bodies. There is potential for
contamination of soil and groundwater due to spillage and migration of fuel, lubricants etc.
being used for heavy machinery and generators.

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The surface runoff during the construction activtiies / labour camps which could potemtially
contaminate the water bodies, if any at the project site - will be intermittent and not
continuous, hence the severity has been categorized as ‘Low’ (1), also as the extent of the
impact is restricted within the project boundary the extent is classified as ‘Low’(1) and as the
duration of the impact is during the entire construction period i.e, ‘Medium’ (2) the impact
has been ranked as ‘Low’

Severity of Impact 1 Extent of Impact 1 Duration of Impact 2

Impact Significance = 2 i.e. Low

4.4.2 Mitigation Measures

Water Consumption
Water for the construction phase will be sourced through authorized tanker supply. The
Proponent shall ensure that supply is from approved water sources;
The construction campsites will put in place optimal water conservation measures along with
adequate awareness measures for the labourers;

Effluent/ Sewage Disposal

To minimize adverse impacts due to escape/discharge of untreated sewage outside the project
site, adequate number of toilets (at least 8 toilets per 100 labour) with septic tanks and soak
pits arrangements shall be provided onsite for disposal of sewage as per the design aspects of
Bureau of Indian Standards;
Random disposal of wastewater by workers in the labour colony will be strictly restricted.
Adequate drains and collection sumps for recharge of water from bathing areas will be
provided at the labour campsites;
Sludge from sanitary wastewater treatment systems to be disposed in compliance with local
regulatory requirements;

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Runoff Management
All the debris resulting from construction activities shall be removed from the site on regular
basis to prevent their runoff. Secondary containment and bund shall be provided around
excavated soil or loose construction material to prevent runoff to nearby water bodies;
Construction operations shall be scheduled and performed so that preventative soil erosion
control measures are in place prior to excavation in critical areas and temporary stabilization
measures are in place immediately following backfilling operations. This would ensure
minimal area for cut and fill thereby maintaining the slopes;
Storage area shall be kept away from the storm water drain to prevent any wash away into
water bodies outside the facility;
Segregation and pre-treatment of oil and grease containing effluents from workshop (e.g. use
of a grease trap) shall be undertaken prior to discharge into sewer systems;
Construction activities shall ensure setting up of silt traps and bunds around the construction
area prior to commencement of any other activity to avoid any runoff to adjoining natural
ponds
Implement rainwater harvesting system for all the campsites for effective recharge of
groundwater during rainy season

4.5 Impact on Landscape and Topography

The study area occupies a highly undulating terrain. The proposed activity is going to engross
lot of land mass. It will involve cut and fill activity at the time of construction of different
industries. Hence, the topography of this area is surely going to change. The change in
topography being directly related with the hydrology of this region; which already is a
decisive factor in the present case study. The altered topography at the time of construction
phase shall be a perennial feature after erection of factory sheds and residential complexes.
As the topography is undulating especially in T1 the severity has been classified as moderate
(2) , also as the extent of the impact will be within the project site, the extent has been
classified as Low (1) and as the duration of the impact last during the entire construction
phase ,the duration has been classified as Moderate (2), the impact on the topography and the
landscape has been accordingly ranked as ‘Low’(4)

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Significance of Impact

Severity of Impact 2 Extent of Impact 1 Duration of Impact 2

Impact Significance = 4 i.e. Low

4.5.1 Mitigation
The land clearance shall be kept to a minimum. Clearing of areas with highly erodible soils
and steep slopes which are prone to water and wind erosion shall be avoided.
Even though the proposed project area is steeply sloping hilly terrain as well as gently
sloping low land adjacent to the surface water course. The industrial sheds shall be mostly
constructed over flat area so as to disturb the topography to its minimum. Secondly, the
industrial sheds shall be advised to be taken up at the locations which are underlain with solid
basaltic rock. This will yield structural stability to the industrial sheds with minimal
excavation and soil disturbance. Such locations shall be ear marked with the help of
Geotechnical investigations in the project area.
The roads are advised to be carefully constructed for there will be multiple patches where the
soil shall be exposed. The soil being loose and fast draining, has tendency to wash out during
heavy rainfall and result in landslides. Hence, the road sections adjacent to such soil patches
should have retention walls to avoid mishaps.
The earth material that will be excavated at the time of construction of residential buildings
and industrial sheds should be properly stacked, covered with grass and suitable plant species
and utilized for developing landscapes in respective areas.
Intensive rainwater harvesting shall be carried out in the entire industrial and residential areas
and open land areas. This will minimize the surface run off and thereby impact of rainwater
on the structures in lower reaches of site. This will also save the natural resource in the form
of soil and rainwater from going waste and augment the groundwater in this area.

4.6 Impact on Soil Resources

During construction phase activities such as excavation will take place. This may lead to soil
erosion causing loss of top productive layer of the soil. However, such impacts will be
primarily confined to the project site during initial construction period. Also Waste generated
from construction activity includes construction debris; waste from the Labour camp, etc may
impact the soil characteristics. This may lead to soil contamination causing loss of top

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productive layer of the soil. To avoid the impacts on the land appropriate measures should be
adopted for storage and disposal of solid waste
As the excavation will involved considerable cut and fill during due to the undulating terrain,
the secverity of the impact has been classified as Moderate (2), the extent of the impact will
be restricted to the project boundary, the same has been classified as Low (1) and as the
durarion of the impact will last during the entire construction period, the duration has been
ranked as moderate (2) , accordingly the impact has been ranked as ‘Low’ (4)
The significance of the impact is presented below:

Severity of Impact 2 Extent of Impact 1 Duration of Impact 2

Impact Significance = 4 i.e. Low

4.6.1 Mitigation
The area of proposed Orange Smart City project is on undulating land thus cutting, filling and
levelling work is expected. All the excavated materials shall be used on the site itself. No
external material is envisaged for any filling purpose. Excavated topsoil will be used for
green-belt development. Construction debris is bulky and heavy and re-utilized on site for
Road making, Plinth filling purpose. Waste generated from labour shall be collected and
composted on site. The non-compostable and non-recyclable portion of the waste shall be
collected and handed over to Authorized Vendor

4.7 Impact on the Ambient Noise Quality

Orange Smart City is a new construction project for with industrial as well as residential
projects proposed in this facility. Being a construction project, majority of the machinery are
only going to be present at the project site during the construction phase only. During the
operational phase, only DG Sets would be present at the location. Following are the identified
major sound sources from the list of machinery with their respective Sound Pressure Levels.

 Concrete Mixer (2 Nos) – 90~100 dB –

 Submersible pumps – 80~85 dB

 Grinding Machines (Multiple) – 95 dB

 Concrete Batching Plant – 100 dB

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 Bar cutting and bending machines - <80~85 dB

 Chipping Machine - < 85~95 dB

 Electric Drill machines - 10 Nos. – < 80 dB

 Dumpers / Trucks – 80~85 dB

 JCB / Excavators / Breakers / Earth Moving Machiner (Multiple) – 85~90 dB

DG Sets (Multiple Numbers) – As per the CPCB norms, the DG sets are supposed to have
<75 dBA of SPL when measured in anechoic conditions, but In real conditions, the noise
level actually observed is usually higher. Additionally, due to multiple DG sets being kept at
the same location, it increases the overall SPL due to logarithmic addition of sound pressure
levels of each of the individual DG Sets.
It can be observed that extremely low noise levels are observed at all of the locations as per
the baseline noise levels recorded, which are in the range of 42 to 44 dB during the day time
as well. During the site visit, it was noted that there was no nearby construction activity or
vehicular movement or any other activity which can potentially raise the baseline noise
levels, due to which low baseline noise levels are recorded as above.
Noise modelling predictive analysis was conducted to predict the potential increase in the
Leq-Day Sound Pressure Levels at the nearby areas surrounding the construction activity.
Noise modelling analysis assumes that the construction activity is conducted right near the
project boundary, and calculates the potential increase in noise levels in surrounding villages
with the consideration of the attenuation achieved due to green-belt and mitigations
implemented as per the suggestions of this report. In real conditions, the construction activity
would in fact be conducted well within the project boundary, and hence the actual noise
levels noted during the construction activity would be lesser than what is mentioned in this
report. This analysis is conducted for the worse-case scenario, in which case the construction
is done right near the project boundary.
Villages which are within a distance of 50 to 200 meters were chosen for the noise modeling
study from the available data of 10 Noise monitoring locations. The results predicted are
based on distance from the project boundary or from construction activity. Similar results
would be observed at villages located at same distance from the project boundary or the
construction activity.
The noise modeling results are given below in Table 4-17:

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Table 4-17 : Noise Modeling results in the construction phase

The inferences from the noise modeling results are given below:

 The highest increase was predicted at the village Belawade which is located at 50
meters distance upwind of T2, with an increase over the baseline noise levels of 6
dB.

At Mungoshi Village, which is located at 100 meters downwind of T4, increase of 2.1 dB
was predicted which is very minor, considering that the minimum change in Sound Pressure
Level detectable by a human ear is measured at 0.5 dB.
At Ambivali Village which is located at 150 meters from project boundary, upwind of T4,
increase of 1.1 dB was predicted, which is again negligible.
At Kopar Village and Wirant Village, which are located at 200 meters away from the project
boundary, increase over the baseline noise levels of 0.8 dB each is predicted, which is very
negligible.
The results of the noise modelling indicate that the predicted values is less than the 90% of
the existing standards, the severity is classified as ‘Low’ (1) , the extent of the impact will be
within within the 10km boundary of the project site, the same is classified as ‘Moderate’ (2)
and as the duration of the impact will last during the entire construction phase, the duration
has been classified as Moderate (2), accordingly the impact has been ranked as ‘Low’

Severity of Impact 1 Extent of Impact 2 Duration of Impact 2

Impact Significance = 4 i.e. Low

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4.7.1 Mitigation
During the construction phase, Noise Reflective Corrugated Roof-sheets to be temporarily
installed as “Noise Reflective Barriers” which are effective in reducing the noise levels by up
to 5 dB. Upon implementation, the SPL measured at approx. 150 meters distance should be
equal to the background noise level measured in absence of these noise sources.

The Batching Plant:

The batching plant contains several different sources, the collective noise level of which may
rise to 100 dB. Following are the several different sources present in a batching plant.
 Truck and front-end loader engine noise
 Hydraulic pumps
 Conveyor belts
 Air valves
 Filters
 Alarms
 Compressors
 Swinging, scrapping and loading devices

Mitigations for the batching plant

 The contractor should carefully choose the above equipment in order to meet with the
CPCB Norms.
 Hydraulic pumps and compressors should be covered with Acoustical Enclosures with
20 dB Transmission Loss Rating in order to reduce the noise.
 Valves should be covered with Removable Acoustical Blankets.
 The contractor should choose controlled operating hours for noisy activities such as
delivery, loading unloading etc.

Impact due to the Vehicular Movement:

There would be increased activity of vehicular movement during the construction phase of
the project. Dumpers/Trucks with sound Pressure Levels of 80~85 dB would be moving
around the project sites on the available roads. The increased vehicular movement is likely to
affect the houses abutting the roads that lead to the construction sites, but the impact and

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increase over the baseline noise levels is going to be momentary and only during the
truck/dumpers pass the certain houses.
Mitigation:
Well maintained vehicles to be chosen for the project so that the sound generated by the
vehicles is as low as possible.
It is recommended that vehicular movement to be avoided during the night time, and most of
the material movement to be conducted during the day time to avoid disturbance to
surrounding villages.
These calculations are done using theoretical formulation, which assumes that there are no
reflective surfaces or no other surfaces which may lead to attenuation of the sound. But in
actual conditions, the project site being located in a densely populated area, or an urban area,
there will be several tall buildings, walls or trees which will lead to attenuation of the Sound,
and thus the sound will not affect any project beyond 150 meters radius outside the boundary
walls.
This analysis is done assuming that the Noise level of the mentioned sources is going to be
85~100 dB at the Boundary of the project site, where as in actual, the machinery will be
installed well within the boundary of the Plot, and other sound sources e.g. Compressors,
Dewatering Pumps, Cranes, JCBs etc. are going to be located well within the plot boundary,
because of which there will additional attenuation and hence the SPL measured at the
boundary of the project because of the machinery involved in this project is going to be much
lower than what is considered in this report. This Analysis is done for the absolute worst-case
scenario for the Noise Environment.

4.8 Impact on the socio-economic environment

The establishment of proposed the proposed Smart Integrated Township at Pen, Raigad, is
likely to generate a range of permanent and temporary social impacts. These impacts will also
be both positive and negative in nature. The positive impacts include increase in employment
opportunities, improvement in infrastructure facility in general and in areas surrounding
project area in particular, business opportunities for the local people, increase in real estate
value in surrounding area etc. The potential negative impacts of the project changes in land-
use, changes in the traffic pattern and related impacts . The entire range of impacts can be
broadly categorized as:
 Direct impacts on the prevailing natural and social systems;

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 Indirect impacts that may be secondary impacts, derived from the existing natural and
social systems; and
All impacts have been identified through consultation with the Project proponent, with
government officials, elected representatives at village and consultation with various
stakeholders including the people living in villages affected by the project.
The actual impacts are documented from the examination of available data, socio-economic
survey and feedback received from the stakeholder consultations.
The pre-construction and construction phase impacts on socio-economic conditions of the
Project area are discussed in the following sub-sections.

4.8.1 Land Related Impact

Impact of Loss of Agricultural Land

The land required for project has been purchased on willing buyer –willing seller basis from
14 affected villages. The land is predominantly a barren land suitable for industrial
development. The land purchased is a barren land subsequently there is no loss of productive
agriculture land.

As the land is predominantly barren land the severity of the impact has been classified as
‘Low’ (1), the extent of the impact is restricted to be project site the same has been
classified as ‘Low’ (1) and as the duration of the impact will last after the construction phase
the same has been classified as ‘High (3)’ accordingly the impact related to the loss of land
has been ranked as ‘Low’(3).

Severity of Impact 1 Extent of Impact 1 Duration of Impact 3

Impact Significance = 3 i.e.Low

Extent of loss of agricultural land In terms of extent of land loss, in all approx. 1072.38
acres land has been purchased on the wiling buyer –willing seller basis from 14 village’s viz.,
Boregaon, Virani, Shene, Ambeghar, Belawade Khurd, Belawade Budruk, Mungoshi, Padale,
Walak, Govirle, Hamrapur, Ambiwali, Balawali and Kopar.

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A study of OSC sites reflects that the loss of agricultural land is minimal and the coversion of
this barren land into industrial, residential and commercial use will have positive socio –
economic impact in the surrounding region. The project will have 25% of green and open
space which will have positive impact on the environment. . (Impact is beneficial and is
positive)

Impact is beneficial ++

Land use planning

The proposed ‘Orange Smart City project’ will comprise of industries of various sectors,
commercial & residential buildings. The proposed land use pattern will be under mixed-use
category.

4.8.2 Impact on Livelihood

The Land was purchased on willing buyer - willing seller basis & is in control/possession of
the Group. No rehabilitation and resettlement is required. However the villagers were of the
opinion that as the project is expected to generate employment opportunities which will be
beneficial for them . The villagers also had expectations of benfitting from CSR activities
associated with the project. Hence the overall impact on the livelihoods will be positive.

Impact is beneficial ++

4.8.3 Impact on utilities

There is no utility present within the project site. Hence there is no impact on the utility
infrastructure in the area.

4.8.4 Impact on Livelihood Opportunities

The impact will be beneficial on account of the following reasons
Job Opportunities
The proposed project will create new jobs in skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled, managerial and
technical level. This along with other project related requirements like security,
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housekeeping, gardening etc. will create a constant requirement for labor, for the entire
operation phase of the project life. In addition the manufacturing units in the project will
create number of job opportunities & also other proposed facilities such as commercial,
recreational, hospital, education, logistic etc. It is also envisaged that a number of jobs will be
created outside the project boundary by various ancillary units catering to the needs of
primary manufacturing units in the project. However, the benefit of project will trickle down
to the local communities if adequate measures are taken in a planned way.
The project would spur the employment opportunity at local and regional level. In order to
benefit the local population from the implementation of the project the following measures
should be adopted:
Dissemination of information to the local youths about various types of jobs opportunities
likely to be generated by the project;
Under CSR program companies should identify local youths and extend necessary skill
development trainings leading to linkages to job;
The coordination between industry and community should start well in advance so that both
can benefit from it;
As there will be generation of the employment due to the creation of the job opportunities,
the impact on the livelihood opportunities will be beneficial.

Impact is beneficial ++

4.8.5 Impact on the Infrastructure / Institutional Development

Currently there is paucity of the infrastructure such as schools, colleges and sanitation
facilties in the villages. Due to the establishing of the Orange Smart City there will be
upgradation of the surrounding infrastructure indirectly. Hence the impact will be positive
and beneficial. With the development of project activities, the locals expressed that
infrastructural development in their villages such as access roads, water supply, and
sanitation facilities should also be upgraded. Also the schools and college facilities should be
provided so that the education will be available in the village. ue to the infrastructure /
institutional development the impact will be beneficial

Impact is beneficial ++
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Additional Benefits of the Community Development Activities

Once the proposed projects established, the continued sustenance of community relations will
require the project proponents to engage in community development initiatives as per needs
and priorities. The project proponent has identified focal areas of CSR activity such a women
empowerment, skill development etc. The project development will generate direct and
indirect employment , will improve infrastructure in the region which will socio-
economically transform the region. The impact due to the above will be benenficial.

4.8.6 Impact on the Utilities & Resources

Another key impact that the project will bring about in the betterment of the public is the
increase in utilities and resources. Presently, the villages are dependent on nearest urban
centers namely Kopar, Belawade, Govirle, Ambeghar and Pen for facilities like higher
education, medical, recreation etc. Improved facilities in project will significantly benefit the
local community in terms of access to public utilities and in supporting overall social
development. Hence the impact will be beneficial and positive

Impact is beneficial ++

Better value for Local Products

Development of project will create a market in itself for local products such as vegetables,
dairy, poultry etc. Presently nearest urban center is the primary market for the villagers and
mostly sales their product through middleman. With the development of residential and
market in the project will give the villagers to sale their product directly to the consumers at a
market rate, thus making more profit. The project may also encourage the villagers to take up
cultivation of vegetables seriously and diversify to meet the growing demand from the project
residents.

Improvement in womens socio-economic conditions

Enhanced facilities such as schools, health, recreation in vicinity has direct linkages to the
improvement in women’s social- economic condition. This is especially true for the women

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living in surrounding villages of project area. Furthermore, local educated women will have
opportunity to work in the manufacturing units and other facilities are will be established in
the project. Additionally, there would be opportunity to work as domestic help in the
residence colony in the project. The project will surely enhance the situation of women.

Access of the facilties to the poor segment

With the implementation of the project, poorer section of society living around the project
area would be benefited from access to employment, education, medical and other utilities.
This section of the population would also have access to market and many other unskilled job
for the entire operation period of the project.

Increase in surrounding land value

The value of land around project has already increased significantly with the announcement
of the project. It is expected that the value of surrounding land will further enhance once the
implementation of project starts Villagers around the project site will reap the benefit of
enhanced value of the land The project will also bring in many workers of different
categories who will be looking for accommodation outside the project boundary. Local
people will have continuous source of earning by letting out their house for accommodation
to these families.

4.8.7 Other Social Impacts(Across the Project Life Cycle)

Impact due to external population influx:

There will be transient impact due to the influx of the external population during the
construction phase. The project will provide employment to around 500 workers including
the skilled and the unskilled labourers which will include some minimal number of outside
labourers- though predominanatly the local labourers (skilled and unskilled) would be
employed thereby reducing the stress on the local resources. There will be provision of the
labour camps within earmarked residential zones within the project site to accommodate the
outside labour who will be provided with the basic facilties (mobile toilets, drinking water
etc) and necessary measures related to health and hygiene would be undertaken for their well
being.

Significance of the Impact

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Impact is beneficial ++

4.9 Impact on Ecology

4.9.1 Ecological Parameters
The land under the project is beyond CRZ areas except for a part of the T3 land parcel that
comes under (CRZ III)for which MCZMA has granted the CRZ clearance. .
The project will comprise of residential area, industrial, and economic zone. It will also have
provisions of basic Physical infrastructures viz; include roads, amenities, bridges,water
retention ponds facilities for solid and liquid waste management
The Site is situated close to many water bodies particularly the Hetawane Dam is situated at a
distance of approx. 5km from the T1 site. The project site is irregular in shape and overlooks
the River Bhogeshwari & Balganga. The site has rocky terrain, with a little vegetation
cover.e After the Hetawane dam , the downstream portion of Bhogeshwari river runs to the
North of the T1 site in a East to West direction.. The existing irrigation channel originating
from the Hetawane dam passes next to T1 site and as the contour of T1 are much higher than
the water level in the channel.
The major components and the allied infrastructure and facilities of proposed project:
residential area, industrial area and economic zone will be setup in land parcels which are
non-fertile/low fertility and non-irrigated with no major vegetation. Hence there will not be
significant impact on ecology due to development works for proposed project within site.

4.9.2 Major Impacts

In general, the potential impacts associated with the construction phase of the development
can be summarized under the following areas of impact:
 ;
 Air & Noise pollution impact on Fauna
 Air pollution impact on flora
 Water pollution on aquatic habitat
 Water pollution impact on flora and fauna
 Habitat fragmentation
 Existing fields in the vicinity of the project site

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The potential impact on ecology during the construction phase will be primarily due to the
following activities :

 Site clearance,
 Excavations,
 Site formation,
 Filling of habitats with spoil
 Waste disposal
The construction activities will entail site clearance and development activities which will
lead to loss of vegetation and tree felling within the delineated area for the development of
the various projects. The loss of vegetation will result in destruction of habitats for small
mammals and birds. The project related construction activities involving noise and vibrations,
construction vehicle movement, illumination at the project site will have adverse impacts on
flora and fauna. Use of wood as fuel by cutting trees in the nearby area by construction labour
may also result as a threat to the ecology of the area.
Unplanned storage of construction raw material and indiscrete disposal of construction debris
can result in contamination of soil and water bodies in the proximity, which may also lead to
increase in turbidity of water and increase siltation towards mouth of river. High turbidity and
presence of construction debris can result in damage to aquatic habitats.

Impact on Flora:

The major impact on flora associated with the development will occur during the construction
phase of the project. The major impacts at this stage will be the loss of natural vegetation and
transformation and disturbance of natural ecosystems at the site.
Varying degrees of risks are also anticipated in view of the presence of a sizeable
construction workforce and the operation and presence of construction machinery at the site.
In general, the major impacts associated with the construction phase of the development can
be:
 Destruction and loss of habitat & deposition of dust
 Impact on plant / trees due to uprooting / cutting / trimming
The selection of development site and the master plan for Orange Smart City is planned in a
manner so as to maintain maximum existing flora and fauna, minimum interference with
existing vegetation.

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During site preparation only, some vegetation mostly comprising wild shrubs, grasses and
herbs and some will be removed. Although mangroves are present adjacent to the project
boundary in one of the land parcel, any disturbance or impact to them during construction is
ruled out as they are more than 500m from the project boundary. Construction phase would
require proper monitoring of movement of workers, Vehicles etc. to restrict any movement in
mangrove area.
Agriculture activities practiced in the close vicinity of of the development may impacted to
some extent due to of dust generation but mitigative measures such as regular water
sprinkling on active areas for example hole roads, dumpsites should be strictly followed so
that impact is minimized.

Impacts on fauna

The development of the site would directly impact the fauna of the site in several different
ways. Firstly, the loss of vegetation or habitat will lead to death or moving of the fauna from
the project site. The anticipated noise pollution and disturbance associated with the
construction phase including equipment noise. This would frighten many of the larger
mammals away from the area and would probably cause increased pressures and survival
fight among these individuals as they would have to move into sub-optimal habitat or
compete with other individuals for new territories.
There are no major faunal species observed within the project area. All the aquatic and
marine fauna is outside the actual project site. Therefore, other than small invertebrates, no
major loss of faunal biomass is envisaged. Moreover, the core does not have much of the
wildlife, but however the increased noise level during construction phase can disturb the
resident bird population. This disturbance is temporary & potential noise impacts would be
restricted within the site.
The effect due to noise pollution and disturbance associated with construction would be
transient and affected species would be able to return once construction has been completed.
However, the presence of the newly developed structures & population may deter sensitive
species from returning or would require some time for them to become habituated to their
presence. Secondly, the transformation of intact vegetation would constitute habitat loss and
fragmentation for fauna.
Apart from the direct loss of vegetation, this will also render the disturbed areas vulnerable to
erosion. The extent of the impact will be limited to the development footprint and near

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surroundings. Erosion may however also affect adjacent and downstream areas but proper
measures are incorporated to protect the top soil layer & erosion control and for use later.
Green belt development on cleared areas will alleviate the erosion problem.
No protected / rare or endangered plant species were observed within the development
footprint indicating that there will not be any impact on the protected species. The project
area does not encroach into any wildlife sanctuary or any other type of protected area.
Before the publication of the Karnala Eco-sensitive Zone notification no. S.O.230 (E) dated
22nd January 2016 , the distance of the project site was around approx. 16.5 kms from the
Karnala Bird sanctuary , but after the promulgation of the aforesaid notification , the distance
of the project site is approximately 7.5 km from the buffer zone of Karnala Bird Sanctuary
and therefore no significant impact is envisaged.

4.9.3 Mitigation
The mitigation measures shall be implemented by each individual projects based on its
applicability to the activities and processes. The project authorities set shall supervise and
monitor the performance of all project contractors during construction.

Tree Felling

All projects envisaged in future (Industrial and/or Residential) shall ensure that no felling of
trees is taken up unless necessary, however the wherever possible trees shall be transplanted
the construction contractors shall be instructed to avoid tree cutting and avoid disturbance to
ecology to the extent possible;
Emphasis will be on growing nesting and birds, butterflies, insect and other fauna attracting
trees while development of green belt
In addition, the awareness program will be conducted for site incharge, labours, drivers &
local community about the ecology &biodiversity so as to minimize any potential impacts
due to their unawareness
No hunting activity shall be permitted within and around the delineated area and strict
guidelines will be given to contractors to ensure that such activities are not allowed;
All project proponents shall ensure implementation of measures to control silt/sediments
during construction phase and special attention should be given to containment systems in
project-related dumping-sites to prevent leaching of foreign materials into the surrounding
environment;
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The project activities shall ensure that storage of raw material and debris are kept away from
water bodies, streams and run off areas to avoid any increase in turbidity or sedimentation in
the key rivers of the area.
The impact of the construction activities on the existing fields in the vicinity of the project
site will be pronounced in the form of dust generation from the various activities such as
excavation, site levelling etc. Various measures such as use of water sprinklers for dust
suppression and the wetting of the stockpile have been suggested to minimize the impact due
to the dust generation from the various activities during the construction phase.

Disturbance due to Noise and Visual Intrusions

Minimum levels of noise during construction activities shall be maintained, illumination and
night operations will be restricted;
Ensure measures as suggested for ambient air quality and traffic and transport of material to
minimize impacts on existing ecology at the site and its surroundings.

Significance of Impact
As the project site doesn’t harbor endangered/threatened flora and fauna as per the Red Book
and the Wildlife Protection Act 1972, the severity of the impact is ‘Low’ (1), the extent of the
impact is within the project boundary the same is categorized as ‘Low’ (1) and as the duration
of the impact is during the entire construction phase the same is categorized as ‘Medium’ (2),
resulting in the overall significance of the impact being ‘Low’

Severity of Impact 1 Extent of Impact 1 Duration of Impact 2

Impact Significance = 2 i.e. Low

4.10 Impact on the Cultural Heritage

There is one dargah titled ‘Hazrat Syed Badruddin Hussaini Dargah’ which is located at 1 km
outside from the boundary of the T4 parcel. The said dargarh / religious structure is not a
notified srtcuture by b Archaeological Survey of India Extensive due diligence has been
accorded while purhcasing the land for the project site which excludes the said Dargah.
As said dargah / religious structure is not a notified structure by by Archaeological Survey of
India the severity of the impact has been classified as ‘Low’(1), Also the overall impact is
low.

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4.11 Impact during operation phase

The following section presents the impacts envisaged during the operation phase of the
project. The Orange Smart City region comprises of industrial and residential development
along with commercial, residential landuses. As discussed in Chapter 3, about 390 acres of
industrial area will be developed and will comprise of the following industry mix.

 Engineering

 IT

 Agro

 Life Sciences

 Logistics

 Research and Development

 Gems and Jewellery

 Electronics and Semiconductors

The residential, commercial and utilities/ facilities in will comprise of a total area of 240.34
acres. The impact identification matrix for the operation phase of the project has been
presented in section below
. Each individual project shall comply with the clearance/consent conditions. The mitigation
measures provided shall be implemented by each individual project based on its applicability
to the activities and processes.

Impact Identification Matrix for the Operation Phase

S.N Main Activities Potential Impacts

Ambient Air

&Transport

Onsite Risks
Resources

Resources

economic
Ambient

Cultural
Impacts
Ecology

Quality

Quality

Quality
Traffic
Water

Water

Socio-
Noise
Soil

A Residential Townships
1 Influx of population √ √ √ √ √
2 Water Consumption √
3 Wastewater generation √ √
4 Power back up √ √

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S.N Main Activities Potential Impacts

Ambient Air

&Transport

Onsite Risks
Resources

Resources

economic
Ambient

Cultural
Impacts
Ecology

Quality

Quality

Quality
Traffic
Water

Water

Socio-
Noise
Soil
5 Waste generation √ √ √
6 Transportation √ √
B Industrial Operations √ √ √ √
C Utilities
1 Operation √ √ √ √ √ √
2 Maintenance √ √
3 Structural failure √
4 Aesthetics √ √
D Waste Management Facilities
1 Power Backup systems √ √ √
2 Handling and Disposal of √ √ √ √
wastes
E Effluent and Sewage Treatment Plants
1 Operation √ √ √ √ √
2 Disposal of treated effluent √ √
F Employment and Secondary Development
1 Plant Operations √
2 Maintenance √
3 Security personnel √
4 Transportation √
5 Unplanned Habitations √ √

4.12 Impact on Air Environment

4.12.1 Operation Phase:
Considering all major and arterial connecting roads in the impact area with a total of 11 lanes,
the available PCU/hour capacity of existing roads amounts to be 3000 at present whereas the
present PCU/hr on road as per the traffic volume is 1895 and 735 for NH 66 and SH 88
respectively which is much lower.
Thus, is important that though the present capacity of the considered road is sufficient enough
to carry the traffic load, in the future scenario, there will be increase in the traffic volume and
possibly a load on the PCU capacity of main roads connecting to the project, which however
in terms of proposed project needs to be planned and constructed starting by 2017 onwards.
Evidently, the proposed project shall add enormous PCU load on the existing capacity of the
roads in future, which however shall be in phases & thereby shall be need to revisit the traffic
planning & augment the main connecting & capacity of major roads in this area. As stated
earlier there are concrete plans to widen roads as well as augment its public transport system
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through bus & car pools to minimize further concerns regarding traffic related issues in this
part of the area that are discussed in respective sections of the EIA report.
Even when considered individually, the existing capacity of roads is sufficient enough to
cater to the present needs of traffic in the area. (E.g. –NH 66 Road with 2-lane 4 way i.e.
capacity >3000PCU/hour carries about 885PCU/hour at present and expected to carry about
10085 PCU/hour in 2025 including project related traffic). However, the future traffic
prediction for FY2035 taking into account traffic growth rate of 12.8% per annum is
33390PCU/hr. However it should be noted that as per the 12th five year plan of Ministry of
Road transport & Highways the existing 2 lane National Highways are to be developed to 4
lane divided carriageway facilities or more as per necessity only as fully access controlled
facilities with closure of all median openings, replacing of all at grade intersections by grade
separated intersections, providing vehicular, pedestrian and cattle underpasses, segregation of
slow moving traffic by providing service roads/ alternate road connectivity wherever required
from road safety point of view. This shall improve the PCU count of NH 66 up to
3600PCU/hr. Also, the development of the project shall lead to improvement of development
density of the current area which in turn improve the arterial and sub arterial road network
leading to better traffic distribution.
The above traffic along with the diesel generators shall contribute towards the air pollution
during the operation phase. The D.G sets , if required, have been considered in case of an
eventuality of the power failure , if any, and the emissions have accordingly been calculated.
It may be noted that the trunk infrastructure including the power supply system will be
provided by OSCIPL, while the provision of the D.G sets will be the responsibility of the
individual industries. The estimated capacity of the D.G sets as a whole for the Orange Smart
City is about 2,00,550 KVA. The emission inventory for the same is shown from Table 4-18
to Table 4-21 below:

Table 4-18: Table showing the emission inventory during operation phase for T1 parcel

Source Particulars Determinants of Emissions

Emissions
Type gm/s/sqmt for area sources and
gm/s for point sources
DG Set (2000*9)+(3550*1) Maximum 24 0.00006
= 183550 KVA hours of 0.00008
operation/week
0.00119

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0.00026
Vehicles Proposed 1925 + VKT of 0.00007
(2035) 3691 cumulative 2076690654/day 0.00020
growth from SH 88 0.00082

Re-suspended Proposed 1925 + VKT of 0.00036

Dust (2035) 3691 cumulative 2076690654/day
growth from SH 88

Table 4-19: Table showing the emission inventory during operation phase for T2 parcel

Source Particulars Determinants Emissions

of Emissions
Type gm/s/sqmt for area sources
and gm/s for point sources
DG Set (1000*5)+(550*1) = Maximum 24 0.00006
5550 KVA hours of 0.00008
operation/week
0.00119
0.00026
Vehicles Proposed 1925 + 3691 VKT of 0.00001
(2035) cumulative growth 68285803/day 0.00020
from DHAMANI road 0.00082
Re- Proposed 1925 + 3691 VKT of 0.00003
suspended cumulative growth 68285803/day
Dust (2035) from DHAMANI road

Table 4-20: Table showing the emission inventory during operation phase for T3 parcel

Source Particulars Determinants Emissions

of Emissions
Type gm/s/sqmt for area sources
and gm/s for point sources
DG Set (500*8)+(700*1) = 4700 Maximum 24 0.00006
KVA hours of 0.00008
operation/week
0.00119

0.00026
Vehicles Proposed 1925 + 3691 VKT of 0.00083
(2035) cumulative growth from 551476044/day 0.02758
NH 66 0.20634

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Re- Proposed 1925 + 3691 VKT of 0.03919

suspended cumulative growth from 551476044/day
Dust NH 66
(2035)

Table 4-21: Table showing the emission inventory during operation phase for T4 parcel

Source Particulars Determinants Emissions

of Emissions
Type gm/s/sqmt for area sources
and gm/s for point sources
DG Set (1000*4)+(500*5)+(250*1) Maximum 24 0.00006
= 6750 KVA hours of 0.00008
operation/week
0.00119
0.00026
Vehicles Proposed 1925 + 3691 VKT of 0.0000004
(2035) cumulative growth from 1368067453/day 0.0000133
BALAVALI Rd. &NH 66 0.0000997
Re- Proposed 1925 + 3691 VKT of 0.0000189
suspended cumulative growth from 1368067453/day
Dust NH 66 & BALAVALI road
(2035)

4.12.2 Methodology for Dispersion Modelling & Scenario Analysis

Some general traffic flow enhancement features are mentioned below which will improve the
traffic scenario. Considering the existing load on the roads there is possibility of modal shift
in the means of transportation. The plans are already underway for increasing the facilities for
public transportation. Project are planned for additional connectivity to the site along with
proposed road network of arterial and sub-arterial / terminal roads, especially in this region
thus it will considerably reduce the vehicular use on roads due to the available means of
public transportation. The development of the four-lane SH 8(from Chowk to Karjat) and SH
54 (New Panvel to Bhimashankar) shall help divert the traffic load on SH 88 and NH 66.
ISC3 procured form Envitrans Solutions Pvt. Ltd. is used for the dispersion modeling. The
modal is capable of providing cumulative results for prospective line, area as well as point
sources within the project that shall contribute towards the NOx, PM10 and CO dispersion.

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Model Inputs
The model setup requires pollutant source, receptors, emissions from the source and the
meteorological data/weather of the region.

a) Source and Receptors

The location of the proposed site along various point and area sources including roads around
it are shown in Figure below:

Figure 4-1: Figure showing depicting the sources & receptors and the site location of T1

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Figure 4-2: Figure showing depicting the sources & receptors and the site location of T2

Figure 4-3: Figure showing depicting the sources & receptors and the site location of T3

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Figure 4-4: Figure showing depicting the sources & receptors and the site location of T4

Air modelling is carried out considering a study area of 7km2 since this is a project away
from the city to include major connecting roads to the proposed site, of which about 2.8Km2
represents project site.
Cartesian grid receptors are marked at a distance of 600m x 600m apart along with discrete
receptor locations of human habitation for prediction of impacts. Further details of the input
pathways for each of the above-mentioned parameters are discussed in the following sections
of this report.

Source Emission Inventory

The sources for project air modelling study are classified into three major categories as
follows

 Point sources in form of 4 during construction and 7 during operation DG sets

(>160KVA capacity)
 Line sources in form of border of the roads carved out and this entire road is
considered as the source of emission with Height of release as 0.30m considering tail
pipe height from ground
 Fugitive sources in form of re-suspended dust, hot mix plant activity area, stone
crusher activity area, proposed construction & construction equipment

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A. Line Sources:
Vehicle number is the most important parameter to quantify the emissions from mobile
sources in addition to the distance travelled by each of the vehicles also known as Vehicle
Kilometers Travelled (VKT). Emission factors of different types and origin have been used in
the past by researches. However, the commonest method and more appropriate method based
on the data available is to use emission factor in terms of pollutant mass per kilometer run of
the vehicle. The emission factors developed for Indian conditions have been taken from a
report “Air Quality Monitoring Project- Indian Clean Air Program, 2007” prepared by ARAI.
Primary Survey and Methodology for VKT Estimation
Major work elements included in the preparation of vehicular emission inventory were:

Estimation of Road Length

Existing road components are extracted from satellite image through scaling of same into cad
file marking SE corner as origin and referring comprehensive traffic and transportation plan
of project for proposed roads. Overall, SH 88 road along with NH 66 and two major internal
roads i.e. Ambivali road and Dhamani road are considered as baseline providing actual
counts 22Kms. By 2019, it is assumed to have all proposed roads especially the major ones to
be constructed i.e. adding another 8 such major arterial roads of 20Kms spread over an area
of approximately 200km2. The sub-arterial roads are not considered in order reduce
computation time and ease of representation of worst case scenario with only about 6Kms of
major arterial network of road accommodating entire projected traffic till 2040.

Estimation of VKT (Vehicle Kilometers Travelled) for different categories of vehicles

In the existing scenario, only active connecting road to the site is NH 66 and SH 88.
Ambivali road and Dhamani road are the internal roads which are not active initially as they
are serving the traffic of the villages in that area only. However, in the future scenario as in
FY 2021, 2024 and 2035, the two arterial roads shall be used for construction purposes due to
which the LOS of these roads are bound to improve. Road length is used as a directly
proportional factor for calculating VKT on these roads.
However, subsequently the number of vehicles on NH 4 shall have cumulative growth of the
existing traffic counts along with an addition to proposed traffic of project to the tune of
about 2,31,921 PCU. These vehicles are assumed to enter the premises from the main

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entrance leading to major roads and spreading across major arterial roads that are expected to
be constructed by 2019.
Distribution of types of vehicles are based on ratio of individual types of projected traffic and
used for further computation as presented earlier with 4-wheeler contributing to about 83%
and 2W to about 16.6%. LCV, trucks and buses contribute to about 0.2, 0.01 & 0.1%
respectively & also representative average of the existing distribution of traffic on individual
roads.

Selection of appropriate Emission Factors from the ARAI vehicle emission study
Automobile Research Association of India (ARAI) has developed emissions factors in 2007
for different categories and vintage of vehicles along with variation of pollutants. The
emission factors for CO, NOx and PM10 with reference to vintage as given by ARAI are
presented in Table 4-22, Table 4-23 and Table 4-24 respectively.

Table 4-22: EMISSION FACTORS FOR CO WITH REFERENCE TO VINTAGE (GM/KM)

Age 2W 3W 4W LCV Buses Truck

P P D CNG LPG P D CNG LPG D D CNG D
5 yrs 0.4 1.72 0.41 1.29 1.29 0.84 0.06 0.85 0.35 3.66 3.92 3.92 2.1

10 yrs 1.65 1.67 2.09 0.845 1.7 2.74 0.3 0.85 2.72 3.66 3.72 3.72 6
15 yrs 1.65 3.15 3.15 4.39 4.39 4.825 0.3 0.6 0.85 3 4.48 4.48 19.3

Table 4-23: EMISSION FACTORS FOR NOX WITH REFERENCE TO VINTAGE (GM/KM)

Age 2W 3W 4W LCV Buses Truck

P P D CNG LPG P D LPG D D CNG D
CNG
5 yrs 0.25 0.3 0.3 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.28 0.53 0.53 2.12 6.53 0.16 2.1

10 yrs 0.27 0.3 0.69 0.345 0.04 0.21 0.49 0.53 0.2 2.12 11.5 6.21 9.3
15 yrs 0.27 0.345 0.51 1.29 1.29 0.645 0.49 0.01 0.35 2.48 15.25 15.25 13.84

Table 4-24: EMISSION FACTORS FOR PM10 WITH REFERENCE TO VINTAGE FOR
(GM/KM)
Ag 2 3W 4W LC Buses Truc
e W V k
P P D CN LP P D CNG LP D D CNG D
G G G
5 0.01 0.11 0.09 0.091 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.001 0.00 0.47 1.24 1.213 1.24

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yrs 5 8 1 5 2 5 1 5
10 0.03 0.11 0.34 0.067 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.47 1.24 0.7 1.24
yr 5 8 7 5 6 1 1 5 95
s
15 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.721 0.3 0.019 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.65 1.96 2.1 1.96
yr 3 5 1 5 5 2 2 5 5 5
s
NOTE: 2W – Two Wheeler, 3W – Auto Rickshaw, 4W – Cars/Jeep/ Taxis, LCV – Light Commercial Vehicles/ 3/4 Axle, P
– Petrol, D - Diesel

Similar to computations FY 2021, extrapolation of cumulative traffic for NH 66 using growth

rate of 12.8% based on the present day traffic is carried out. However, with additional
proposed connecting roads expected to be in place for project, the total projected PCU i.e. 2,
31, 921 are now divided into 2 and represented on each of the main entry roads expected to
disperse on the arterial roads and subsequently to the terminal roads.
Finally, VKT for individual type of vehicle is computed using the following

VKTI = RL * NI
Where, VKTI = Vehicle Km travelled by vehicle type I,
RL = Road length in study area.
NI = Number of vehicles travelling for vehicle type I per day

4.12.3 Baseline Emission Estimates

ARAI provides emission factors for variety of fuel types & vintages for each category of
vehicles. However, such classification of vehicles by fuel type & vintage is essentially
impossible during such short span of studies (especially in view of the limited objective of
addition of a proposed project with an increase of 2, 31,921PCU during peak hours &
baseline scenario being very limited in this case). The study uses several of the published data
from authentic publications as referred in earlier sections of this report i.e. ‘Motor Transport
Statistics of Maharashtra 2014-2015’ by Transport Commissioner's Office, Mumbai for fuel
based classification of vehicles (

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Table 4-25). Length of the road in the assumed impact area (grid) of site i.e. 6Km 2 & area of
road are already presented from Figure 4-1 to Figure 4-4.
By 2024, the project shall accommodate about 4,06,45,19,954 VKT/day computed for all
vehicles with a total emission of 3725T/day of emissions from road area.

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Table 4-25: Table showing total traffic in Panvel region as on 31st March, 2015

Panvel
Sr. No. Category
Region

1 Motor Cycles 502060

2 Scooters 116573
3 Mopeds 13102
Total Two wheelers 631735
4 Motor Cars 143617
5 Jeeps 23799
6 Station Wagons 1424
7(A) Taxi meter fitted 312
7(B) Taxi Tourist Cabs 9664
8 Autorickshaws 50445
9 Stage Carriages 2956
10 Contract Carriages 1316
11 School Buses 1268
12 Pvt.Serv.Veh. 593
13 Ambulances 924
14 Arti. & Multi.Veh. 20137
15 Trucks & Lorries 37794
16 Tankers 3440
17 Del. Van (4 Wh.) 29764
18 Del. Van (3 wh.) 14429
19 Tractors 2857
20 Trailers 3447
21 Others. 5287
Total 985208

Emissions are derived using activity data of vehicle counts, emission factors, and road
lengths for VKT in the impact grid, vintage & fuel type of vehicles from secondary source of
data. The derived emissions are presented in Table 5.9.
The emissions for the future scenarios were calculated based on the present traffic and
respective growth rates as stated earlier. Emissions for future scenarios are presented in the

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section below. As can be seen that the emission from the project are broadly divided into
construction and operation sources.
The emission inventory along with current and future emissions are discussed below for both
construction and operation sources.

4.12.4 Impact Results and discussion

The results of the air modeling simulation is shown from Table 4-29.to Table 4-34 The
NAAQS standards for PM10, NOx, and CO are 100.0µg/m3, 80.0µg/m3 and 2000.0µg/m3
respectively for 24 hours. The modeling results can be assessed as below:

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Table 4-26: Table showing CO Emissions from 2025 till 2035

2025

2035

Table 4-27: Table showing NOx Emissions for 2025 till 2035

2025

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2035

Table 4-28: Table showing PM10 Emissions for 2025 till 2035

2025

2035

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Table 4-29: CO emissions for different receptors for 2025

Receptor Predicted Background Cumulative Standard

GLC
RCP001 233.682 370 603.682 2000
RCP002 233.607 0 233.607 2000
RCP003 200.885 0 200.885 2000
RCP004 317.651 380 697.651 2000
RCP005 173.025 0 173.025 2000
RCP006 140.523 0 140.523 2000
RCP007 213.501 260 473.501 2000
RCP008 168.719 0 168.719 2000
RCP009 98.538 0 98.538 2000
RCP010 144.768 400 544.768 2000
RCP011 89.53 0 89.53 2000
RCP012 87.89 0 87.89 2000
RCP013 90.03 0 90.03 2000
RCP014 96.04 0 96.04 2000

Table 4-30: CO emissions for different receptors for 2035

Receptor Predicted Background Cumulative Standard

GLC
RCP001 234.865 370 604.865 2000
RCP002 233.987 0 233.987 2000
RCP003 201.865 0 201.865 2000
RCP004 319.225 380 699.225 2000
RCP005 173.956 0 173.956 2000
RCP006 142.526 0 142.526 2000
RCP007 214.225 260 474.225 2000
RCP008 169.847 0 169.847 2000
RCP009 99.989 0 99.989 2000
RCP010 146.253 400 546.253 2000
RCP011 91.05 0 91.05 2000
RCP012 89.07 0 89.07 2000
RCP013 92.66 0 92.66 2000
RCP014 98.45 0 98.45 2000

Table 4-31: NOx emissions for different receptors for 2025

Receptor Predicted Background Cumulative Standard

GLC
RCP001 7.577 42.62 50.197 80
RCP002 6.958 20.7 27.658 80
RCP003 6.676 19.78 26.456 80
RCP004 9.347 24.44 33.787 80

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RCP005 5.408 17.99 23.398 80

RCP006 5.43 17.35 22.78 80
RCP007 7.84 25.35 33.19 80
RCP008 5.924 17.41 23.334 80
RCP009 3.785 18.05 21.835 80
RCP010 5.268 25.43 30.698 80
RCP011 2.98 18.05 21.03 80
RCP012 2.23 21.13 23.36 80
RCP013 2.54 21.26 23.8 80
RCP014 3.77 19.3 23.07 80

Table 4-32: NOx emissions for different receptors for 2035

Receptor Predicted Background Cumulative Standard

GLC
RCP001 7.998 42.62 50.618 80
RCP002 7.344 20.7 28.044 80
RCP003 7.047 19.78 26.827 80
RCP004 9.866 24.44 34.306 80
RCP005 5.708 17.99 23.698 80
RCP006 5.732 17.35 23.082 80
RCP007 8.276 25.35 33.626 80
RCP008 6.253 17.41 23.663 80
RCP009 3.995 18.05 22.045 80
RCP010 5.561 25.43 30.991 80
RCP011 3.65 18.05 21.7 80
RCP012 2.87 21.13 24 80
RCP013 3.02 21.26 24.28 80
RCP014 4.23 19.3 23.53 80

Table 4-33: Particulate emissions for different receptors for 2025

Receptor Predicted Background Cumulative Standard

GLC
RCP001 43.943 54.36 98.303 100
RCP002 35.03 50.84 85.87 100
RCP003 31.577 41.87 73.447 100
RCP004 43.954 56.41 100.364 100
RCP005 21.064 38.74 59.804 100
RCP006 19.126 38.73 57.856 100
RCP007 50.801 50.96 101.761 100
RCP008 36.796 37.96 74.756 100
RCP009 22.494 38.46 60.954 100
RCP010 34.307 59.53 93.837 100
RCP011 13.35 38.46 51.81 100

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RCP012 11.89 53.02 64.91 100

RCP013 12.05 49.52 61.57 100
RCP014 15.34 42.7 58.04 100

Table 4-34: Particulate emissions for different receptors for 2035

Receptor Predicted Background Cumulative Standard

GLC
RCP001 51.267 54.36 105.627 100
RCP002 40.869 50.84 91.709 100
RCP003 36.839 41.87 78.709 100
RCP004 51.28 56.41 107.69 100
RCP005 24.575 38.74 63.315 100
RCP006 22.314 38.73 61.044 100
RCP007 59.268 50.96 110.228 100
RCP008 42.928 37.96 80.888 100
RCP009 26.243 38.46 64.703 100
RCP010 40.025 59.53 99.555 100
RCP011 13.86 38.46 52.32 100
RCP012 12.04 53.02 65.06 100
RCP013 13.66 49.52 63.18 100
RCP014 16.23 42.7 58.93 100

The various receptor positions for the ground level concentration emission levels of the
project are shown in Table 4-29 to Table 4-34 for CO, NOx and Particulates respectively. As
can be observed from the tables the emission levels for all the receptors are well within the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards as shown in the Table 4-35 below except for
particulate matter at some receptors in the year 2024 and 2035 :

Table 4-35: Revised National Ambient Air Quality Standards (MoEF notification G.S.R
826(E), dated 16.11.2009)
New Standards (Schedule Methods of measurement
VII, Rule 3 (3B) 16th Nov
Sl. Time 2009
No Pollutant Weighted Concentration in ambient air
Average Industrial Ecologically
Area sensitive area
Residential, (Notified by
Rural & Central Govt)
other
Areas
1 Sulphur Annual 50.0 µg/m3 20.0 µg/m3 -Improved West and Gaeke
Dioxide(SO2) Avg* method
24 hours** 80.0 µg/m3 80.0 µg/m3 -Ultraviolet fluorescence

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2 Oxides of Annual 40.0 µg/m3 30.0 µg/m3 -Modified Jocob and

Nitrogen as Avg* Hochheise
NO2 24 hours** 80.0 µg/m3 80.0 µg/m3 (Sodium Arsenite)
-Chemiluminescence
3 Particulate Annual 60.0 µg/m3 60.0 µg/m3 -Gravimetric
matter (size Avg* -TOEM
less than 24 hours** 100.0 µg/m3 100.0 µg/m3 -Beta attenuation
10µm)
4 Particulate Annual 40.0 µg/m3 40.0 µg/m3 -Gravimetric
matter (size Avg* -TOEM
less than 2.5 24 hours** 60.0 µg/m3 60.0 µg/m3 -Beta attenuation
µm
5 Lead (Pb) Annual 0.50 µg/m3 0.50 µg/m3 -AAS/ICP method for
Avg* sampling on
24 hours** 1.0 µg/m3 1.0 µg/m3 EPM2000 or Equivalent Filter
paper
-ED-XRF using Teflon filter
paper
6 Carbon 8 hours** 2.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 -Non Dispersive Infra Red
(NDIR)
Monoxide 1 hour 4.0 mg/m3 4.0 mg/m3 spectroscopy
(CO)
7 Ozone 8 hours** 100.0 µg/m3 100.0 µg/m3 -Photometric
1 hour 180.0 µg/m3 180.0 µg/m3 -Chemiluminescence
24 hours** 60.0 µg/m3 60.0 µg/m3 -Chemical method
8 Ammonia Annual 100.0 µg/m3 100.0 µg/m3 -Chemiluminescence
(NH3) Avg* -Indo-Phenol Blue method
24 hours** 400.0µg/m3 400.0 µg/m3
9 Benzene Annual 5.0 µg/m3 5.0 µg/m3 -GC based continuous analyser
Avg* -Adsorption/desorption
followed by
GC analysis
10 Benzo(a) Annual 1.0 ng/m3 1.0 ng/m3 -Solvent extraction followed
pyrene Avg* by
GC/HPLC extraction
11 Arsenic Annual 6.0 ng/m3 6.0 ng/m3 AAS/ICP method for
Avg* sampling on EPM2000 OR
Equivalent Filter paper
12 Nickel Annual 20.0 ng/m3 20.0 ng/m3 -AAS/ICP method for
Avg* sampling on EPM2000 OR
Equivalent Filter paper

*Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a Week 24
hourly at uniform interval,
** 24 hourly / 8 hourly or 1 hourly monitored values as applicable shall be complied with 98
% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two
consecutive days of monitoring.

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In Year 2025
1) PM10: - The PM10 levels for the project during 2025 are the highest for T2 land parcel
which is 101.76µg/m3, and lowest for village at Wirani Village which is crosswind having a
value of 51.81µg/m3. The higher levels of PM10 is because the high levels of fugitive dust
generated during the construction phase. Even though the emission levels are below the
standards as prescribed by NAAQS which is 100 µg/m3, to reduce the high levels of fugitive
dust emissions, dust suppression measures would be employed such as Wheel washing, water
sprinkling etc.

2) NOx: - The NOx levels for the year 2025 are maximum at receptor on T-3 land parcel
which are 50.6 µg/m3. The 24 hourly emission benchmark as per NAAQS is 80 µg/m3. The
lowest levels of NOx emissions over the annual period is 21.7µg/m3 which are at RCP011
which is towards the east near Wirani village.

3) CO: - The 8 hourly CO levels as per NAAQS standards is 2000µg/m3 which is not
surpassed at any of the receptor locations. The maximum CO levels are at receptor T4 land
parcel which are 697.6 µg/m3 while the lowest is at 87.89µg/m3 which is at Talavali Village.

In Year 2035

1) PM10: - The PM10 levels for the project during 2035 are the highest for T3 land parcel
which is 105.6µg/m3, and lowest for village at Wirani Village which is 52.32µg/m3. The
higher levels of PM10 at T3 is because of the proximity to high development density.

2) NOx: -The NOx levels for the year 2035 are maximum at receptor T3 land parcel which
are 50.702µg/m3. The 24 hourly emission benchmark as per NAAQS is 80 µg/m3. The
lowest levels of NOx emissions over the annual period is 22.08µg/m3 which are at T2
land parcel.

3) CO: - The 8 hourly CO levels as per NAAQS standards is 2000µg/m3 which is not
surpassed at any of the receptor locations. The maximum CO levels are at receptor T3
land parcel which are 604.86µg/m3 while the lowest is at 89.07 which is at Talavali
Village.

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Significance of Impact

As the per the modelling results, the predicted GLCs are more than 90% to 110% of the
existing standards with recourse to the particulate matter, during the operation phase hence
the severity of the impact is Moderate (2), also as the extent of the impact is within the 10 km
of the project boundary the extent is categorized as Medium (2) and as the duration of the
impact is periodic, the duration of the impact is categorized as moderate (2) and
subsequently the impact has been ranked as ‘Medium’.

Severity of Impact 2 Extent of Impact 2 Duration of Impact 2

Impact Significance = 8 i.e. Medium

Mitigation and pollution abatement measures during operation phase

4.12.5 Emission control during Operational Phase

To mitigate the impact of pollutants from diesel generator sets and vehicular traffic during
operational phase, the following measures are recommended for implementation:

4.12.6 Emission Control from Stationary Sources – DG Sets

 Use of good quality fuel with low Sulphur content
 Periodic maintenance of DG sets as per defined schedule of manufacturer
 Maintaining adequate stack heights

As regards D.G. Sets emission are concerned, the most important pollutant requiring further
control is NOx as impact of SO2 emission is minimal because of the use of very less (~0.1%)
Sulphur in diesel as fuel. Following mitigation measures are proposed for NOx:
 Technologies with inherently low NOx emission
 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) application
 More dilution through higher stack height
 Add on emission control technologies
The proposed stack height will be adequate to keep the air pollutants well within the
prescribed limits; hence no additional emission control measures have been suggested.

4.12.7 Emission Control from Line Source

Direct through regulation & Indirect through - Transportation Management Plan (Signal
Synchronization)

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I] Use of Clean Fuel

Use of low sulphur, clean fuel use, which will reduce emissions on-site and in areas where
people are travelling.

II] Flow of Vehicle

Sudden acceleration or de-acceleration of vehicles produces more pollution than a vehicle

maintaining a constant speed. Smoother flow of traffic within the parking area and within the
project premises would ensure limited pollution from the vehicles.

III] Entry and Exit of Vehicle

To ensure least interference from incoming and outgoing vehicles, it is suggested that
entrance and exit points of the vehicles should be different. Dedicating at least one separate
entry and exit to pedestrians will reduce interference in vehicular movement.

IV] Anti-Idling
Adequate parking in the proposed development will carry signs warning the vehicle driver
against idling within the parking lot.

V] Traffic Management Team

A team of trained staff will be appointed for monitoring traffic movement inside the parking
space and at entrance and exit points.

4.12.8 Emission Control from Area Sources cooking, wind, etc.

Wind prone dust emission shall be contained by spraying water whereas LPG is the cleanest
fuel available to be supplied for cooking wherever applicable

4.12.9 Emission Control through Green belt development

Increasing vegetation in the form of greenbelt is one of the preferred methods to mitigate air
pollution. Plants generate oxygen, serve as a sink for pollutants, reduce the flow of dust and
reduce noise pollution. The following Table 4-36 indicates the proposed species to be used to
reduce air pollution in greenbelt development. A more elaborate green belt development plan
is discussed in further sections of this report.

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Species to Be Used For Air Pollution Abatement in Term of Air Pollution via Green Belt
Development1

Table 4-36: Species to Be Used For Air Pollution Abatement in Term of Air Pollution via
Green Belt Development2
Air Pollution Attenuation Dust Absorbers
Ficus glomerata (Guler) Azadirachta indica (Neem)
Terminalia tomentosa (Asan) Melia azaderach (Mahaneem)
Acacia auriculiformis (Ear leaf Acacia) Butea monosperma (Palash)
Polyalthia longifolia(Ashoka) Cassia fistula (Amaltas)
Ficus benghalensis (Banyan) Bauhinia variegata (Kachnar)
Nerium odorata (Kanher) Terminaliaarjuna (Arjun)
The Environmental Management Plan during the construction phase is given in Table 9-3.

4.12.10 Traffic & transportation

The total size of the project is 1072.38 Acre. The network of roads connecting to the project
is quite extensive having a number of access roads. The major roads present close to the
different parcels are NH 66, SH 88, Balavali road and Dhamani road. Apart from this there
are a number of government schemes proposed in the future that shall improve the future
traffic infrastructure which includes the following:

 Pen By-Pass Road

There is a proposal of augmenting the Pen by-pass road for better connectivity to the
proposed project site and the surrounding areas from the NH 66.

 Elevated Corridor

An elevated corridor is proposed which passes through the proposed project site. This will
facilitate road transport infrastructure in this area and drive the economic activities. The
proposed freeway has a total length of 32 kms. (approx.) and will be connected to the
proposed OSC project site near Ambivali at NH 66 and Boregaon at SH 88.

1Tripathi A, Tiwari PB, Mahima, Singh D. Assessment of air pollution tolerance index of some trees in
Moradabad city, India,J Environ Biol. 2009

2Tripathi A, Tiwari PB, Mahima, Singh D. Assessment of air pollution tolerance index of some trees in
Moradabad city, India,J Environ Biol. 2009

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The project also aims at introducing a commuter bus service leading from the residential
zones to the central business districts of the project to encourage the use of public transport
which in turn leads to less traffic congestion leading to a more sustainable traffic growth. The
project proponent has envisaged walk to work culture by incorporating a number of
renewable ventures within the project such as:

 Rent-a-Cycle System-

A bicycle-sharing system is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to
individuals on a very short term basis. Bike share schemes allow people to borrow a bike
from point A and return it at point B. The service is mostly free or with a nominal charge. It
helps in promoting non-motorized approach and is a very sustainable way for local commute.
Incorporating such transportation concepts will add value to the project. Such smart non-
motorized transit facilities have been included in OSC project.

4.13 Impact on the Water Environment

During the operation phase, water resources and its quality will be impacted mainly due to
the following activities:
 Water Consumption;
 Discharge of wastewater;
 Abstraction of Ground water;
 Impact on the ground water quality
 Increased surface runoff
 Working in waterways, floodplain and creek

4.13.1 Water Consumption

The water consumption and the sewage generation from each parcel is given in Table 4-37

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Table 4-37 : Total water demand and sewage generation

Land Parcel Total Water Demand Total Sewage Generation

(MLD) (MLD)

T1 30 21
T2 6 4
T3 6 4
T4 22 19
Total 64 48
It is amply clear from the Table-5.6 the total water consumption for the total Orange Smart
City project is 64 MLD and the total sewage generation is 48 MLD. Water Transmission
from CIDCO pipe line to WTP at T1 of about 750 diameter pipe with tapping length of about
3000 m is proposed. Water Treatment Plant (total 20 MLD) including SCADA system is
proposed at T1 Site. Clear water reservoir (GSR) and Clear water pumping station from WTP
with intermediate pumping stations is also proposed to ensure continuous supply of water
without any disturbance. Water Distribution is planned through gravity from individual GSR
to respective parcel. Smart metering system for the entire project site is also planned.
The JITE WTP is near to T3; T4 & T2 Site of OSC. Also, a new supply line is planned to be
laid upto Jite WTP from Hetawane Dam. For external water supply to these 3 sites of OSC, it
is proposed to lay a separate water supply line from Jite Water Treatment Plant following the
existing road alignment. The 500 mm diameter pipe with tapping length of about 5500 m is
proposed to be laid along the existing road alignment / elevated corridor alignment. Hence
there is adequate planning for the fulfilling the water demand for the Orange Smart City
Project.
The water balance (given in Chapter -3) further reveals that the potable demand is 36 MLD
and the non-potable demand is 26 MLD. The capacity of the STP is 48 MLD. The treated
wastewater from the STP is 28 MLD and the additional 20 MLD treated water will be sent to
the nearby Municipal Council /Gram Panchayat for non-potable use. Hence significant
impact on the water consumption and the due to the sewage generation is not envisaged.
It is proposed that the water treated from the STP’s will be used for all non-potable water
uses such as HVAC, horticulture, flushing, etc. minimizing the need for treated potable water.
The water balance diagram suggests that additional treated water of 20 MLD will be
generated. Provisions have been made to supply this treated water to the nearby Municipal
Council / Gram Panchayat for non-potable water use.

Siginficance of the Impact

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As the consumption of the water will be continuous in nature, the severity of the impact is
classified as Moderate (2), the extent of the impact will be within the 10 km radius of the
project boundary the same has been classified as ‘Moderate’ (2) and as the duration of the
impact is regular the same has been classified as ‘High’ (3) and subsequently the impact has
been ranked as Moderate (12).

Severity of Impact 2 Extent of Impact 2 Duration of Impact 3

Impact Significance = 12 i.e. Medium

4.13.2 Impact due to discharge of wastewater

The soil and the water resources may get potentially contaminated due to the discharge of the
wastewater in them

Significance of the impact

As the sewage generation will be continuous in nature , the severity of the impact is classified
as Moderate (2), the extent of the impact will be restricted to the project site the same has
been classified as ‘Low’ (1) and as the duration of the impact is regular the same has been
classified as ‘High’ (3) and subsequently the impact has been ranked as Moderate (6).

Severity of Impact 2 Extent of Impact 1 Duration of Impact 3

Impact Significance = 6 i.e.Moderate

4.13.3 Mitigation Measures

It is proposed that the sewage which is generated to be treated to such standards that it can be
used for flushing and gardening purposes. From the point of view of better environment it is
contemplated that Orange Smart City will have a zero liquid discharge system and the entire
sewage will be treated to 10mg/l (BOD and TSS) standards. The EPA standards for reuse of
municipal sewage are given in Table 4-38.

Table 4-38 : EPA Standard of Treated Sewage

Type of Reuse All types of landscape irrigation, vehicle washing,

toilet flushing, use in fire protection systems and
commercial air conditioners, and other uses with
similar access or exposure to the water
Treatment Secondary, Filtration, Disinfection
pH 6-9

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BOD (mg/L) ≤ 10
Turbidity (NTU) ≤2
Faecal Coli/100mL No detectable Faecal Coli
Residual Chlorine(mg/L) 1
The use of treated wastewater to meet the water requirements for the project shall further
reduce the stress on the water resources in the region. The reuse of the treated Sewage for the
project area will be for flushing, gardening, road washing, vehicle washing, fire protection,
HVAC etc. Hence, expected standard will be as given in Table 4-39.
Table 4-39: Treated Sewage Standards

Parameters Unit Desired

Values
Colour - Acceptable
Total Hardness mg/lit <500
BOD mg/lit <10
COD mg/lit <30
TDS mg/lit <1000
Residual Chlorine mg/lit <1
Faecal Coliform No/100ml 14
Turbidity NTU <5
pH 6-9
TSS mg/lit <10
4.13.4 Impact due to the abstraction of ground water
Orange Smart City has requisite permission for the supply of water from the competent
authority and will not extract / abtract ground water for its routine operations and also make it
binding on the individual industries, residential and commercial areas to discourage the use of
ground water thereby minimising the impact on the ground water. As the severity of the
impact is ‘Low’, the extent is also Low and the duration is also ‘Low’, the overall impact
rating is classified as ‘Low’

Severity of Impact 1 Extent of Impact 1 Duration of Impact 1

Impact Significance = 1 i.e. Low

Additional measures
The use of groundwater for the proposed developments will not be permitted.
Adequate water supply shall be made available to individual projects to discourage the use of
groundwater.

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The proposed developments will result in increase in paved areas, thereby resulting in
increased runoff. During planning stage, it has been suggested that the increased runoff shall
be tapped for rainwater harvesting.

4.13.5 Impact on the ground water quality

There will be probable surface and groundwater contamination due to increased vehicular
traffic (due to spilage of chemicals, oil , various materials required) in and around the site and
residential township.

Signifiance of the impact

As the some of the baseline values of the water quality parameters are within 90% to the
110% of the exsiting standards, the severity of the impact is moderate (2), the extent of the
impact will be within 10 km radius of the project site , hence the same has been classified as
moderarte (2) and as the duration of the impact is periodic the same has been classified as
Moderate , as a result the impact ranking has been rated as ‘Medium’.

Severity of Impact 2 Extent of Impact 2 Duration of Impact 2

Impact Significance = 6 i.e. Medium

Mitigation
The proposed activity industrial will lead to heavy vehicular traffic at the time of construction
and operation of the proposed site. The site and adjacent area is drained by Bhogeshwari and
Balganga rivers along with their tributary network. Hence, it is very susceptible to Surface
water contamination if appropriate measures are not adopted. Hence, all the vehicles
operating within the site are advised to be well tuned, and there should be provision of oil and
grease traps to separate mixing of oil and grease with surface or groundwater to avoid
Surface water and Groundwater contamination.
Moreover, the washed soil is also advised to be arrested by creating garland drains around the
soil dumps, which will lead to settling pond/s to allow soil settling and avoid its mixing with
surface water.

4.13.6 Increased surface runoff

The development of the plot as Smart Integrated Township will result in change in land use
which thereby results in increased surface run off.

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As the proposed run off will be intermittent only peaking during the rainy season, the severity
has been categorized as ‘Low’ (1), the extent of the impact will be beyond the 10 km radius
of the project site bounmdary , the extent has been categorized as ‘High’ (3) and as the
duration will be periodic the same will be Moderate (2) resulting in the impact ranking as
‘Low’.

Severity of Impact 1 Extent of Impact 3 Duration of Impact 2

Impact Significance = 6 i.e.Medium

Mitigation

There is a direct relationship between the velocity of water flowing over exposed soil and the
rate of erosion. Installation of various artificial recharge structures on the site to retard the
overland water flow is an effective measure to reduce erosion in areas where high water
flows are expected. It is desirable to minimize continuous slopes where flowing water can
scour the top soil and result in erosion.
Even though the proposed activity shall occupy 1072.38 acres of land, the covered area
occupied by industrial sheds, residential quarters/ colonies is going to be less than 47%. The
agriculture in this neighborhood is principally rain-fed single crop agriculture. Still, it is
advised to develop a green belt within the project area.
The development of the plot shall result in increase in covered area thereby to boost surface
run off; but it is also advised to be countered with rainwater harvesting within the project
premises and surrounding area.
Working in Waterways, Floodplains and Creek: The site Govirle is located along bank of
creek. Hence, it is necessary to adopt appropriate precautionary measures.

Mitigation

The purchase of low lying plots should be avoided. If not possible, then it is advised to
develop the low lying plots as green belts so as to have minimal disturbance in case of any
mishap.

4.13.7 Rainwater Harvesting Potential for Integrated Industry Hub.

The study area comes under heavy rainfall zone. It primarily receives the rainfall from the
Southwest monsoon during June to September. Average Annual Rainfall for district Raigad
during year 2004 – 2013 is found as 3492.2 mm i.e. 3.492 m (Refer Fig. 6). However the

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water requirement for Orange Smart City projects is planned to be fulfilled from Hetavane
Dam in close neighborhood.

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(Source: CGWB Report)

AAR

Fig 6: Long term rainfall; District Raigad.

The rainwater potential for the individual patches is calculated as follows:

Patch T1

 Rainfall incident over Orange Smart City Project Patch T1 (646.25ac.) = 90,
26,820 m3/annum. (Send Detail calculation in excel sheet).

 Maximum rainfall incident in a single day @1000 mm i.e. 25,85,000 m3

Patch T2

 Rainfall incident over Orange Smart City Project Patch T2 (102.20 ac.) =
14,27,529.6 m3/annum.

Patch T3

 Rainfall incident over Orange Smart City Project Patch T3 (112.45ac.) =

15,70,701.6 m3/annum.

Patch T4

 Rainfall incident over Orange Smart City Project Patch T4 (193.95 ac.) =
27,09,093.6 m3/annum.

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The breakup of entire area of Orange Smart City project Vis a Vis the incident rainfall
is tabulated below:
Area Type Area Rainfall (m) Runoff Total Yearly Runoff
(sq. m) Coefficient generated and
available for RWH
(m3)
Rooftop area 22,56,320 3.492 0.80 63,03,255.55
Greenbelt 13,63,440 3.492 0.15 7,14,169.87
Area/Open area
Road/Pavement 5,99, 800 3.492 0.85 17,80,326.36
area
Total area 42,19,560 3.492 87,97,751.78
Considering the daily water requirement of Orange Smart City project, this stock may be
used conservatively for almost 9 months. This can result in significant money saving for the
project.
Thus, the Orange Smart City project may attain self-sufficiency on water front if it adopts
rainwater harvesting to maximum possible extent.
Maximum rainfall incident in a single day @1000 mm will be about 25, 19,402 m3.
Considering a depth of 4-meter, area required to store the above quantum of incident rainfall
will be 629850.5 sq. meter i.e. about 158 acres.
As the study area is occupying a steeply sloping, hilly terrain, it forms a prominent run off
zone. Hence it is advised to recharge the groundwater artificially by nalla bunds, check dams,
gabions, etc so as to induce the recharge in open areas and to adopt rooftop rainwater
harvesting in industrial and residential areas for artificial recharge.
Even though these structures will not harvest incident rainfall significantly, still they will help
to improve the water balance in this region and also contribute in soil and water conservation.
The conceptual images showing these structures are shown overleaf:

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 Fig. 7: Cement plug to arrest water flowing through nalla

Fig. 8: Loose boulder structure/ Gabien to arrest water flowing

through nalla

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Significance of Impact
Severity of Impact 2 Extent of Impact 2 Duration of Impact 2
Impact Significance = 6 i.e. Medium

4.14 Impact on soil resources

The operational phase of the project will generate sewage sludge etc as municipal solid
waste and batteries as hazardous waste, and other industrial by-products as industrial solid
waste which can lead to the probable land contamination which may potentially occur due to
lack of proper storage and disposal of the aforesaid wastes. To avoid the impacts on the land
appropriate measures should be adopted for storage and disposal of solid waste.

Signifiance of the Impact

As the generation of the solid /industrial waste will be intermittent in nature, the severity has
been classified as ‘Low’ (1) , the extent of the impact will be restricted to the project site the
same has been categorized as ‘Low’ (1) and as the duration of the impact will be periodic,
the same has been categorized as ‘Moderate’ (2) resulting in the impact ranking as ‘Low’

Significance of Impact
Severity of Impact 1 Extent of Impact 1 Duration of Impact 2
Impact Significance = 2 i.e. Low

Mitigation

The solid wastes shall be segregated according to their properties, packed, transported and
stored in a separate impervious storage area demarcated for them. They will then be disposed
or recycled through the authorized agency approved by the State Pollution Control Board.
Also since the proposed project is to be located within the Regional Plan of MMR and all the
construction activities will be limited for the plant area only. Therefore, no additional impact
on the soil quality is expected due to construction activities within the proposed project site
and nearby area.

4.15 Impact on Noise Environment

During operational phase, the only sources going to be present at the project site are the DG
Sets, the Sewage treatment plant which would have multiple Blowers, Pumps etc., the

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combined noise of which is assumed at 90 dB after installation of Acoustical Enclosures for

Blowers and Pumps, and the vehicular movement, the noise contribution of which is minimal.
The impact of the noise environment from the above noise sources has been gauged through
the noise modelling study results of which are presented in Table 4-40 below

Table 4-40 : Results of noise modelling study (Operational Phase)

The point-wise impacts are given below:

 During the operational phase, increase of approximately 0.1 dB ~ 1.1 dB is

predicted at the Noise monitoring locations, depending on their baseline noise
levels. For the Belawade Village located at at 50 meters from the project site, and
allowable CPCB noise level of 55 dB, it is predicted that there would not be an
increase beyond 1.1 dB for any distance beyond 50 meters from the project site,
and the Sound Pressure Level even during the operational Phase would be within
the allowable CPCB limit.

 Acoustical Enclosure is recommended for air blowers of the Sewage Treatment

Plant, the noise of which is predicted above 100 dB.

 Contribution due to vehicular movement is likely to be even less than 80 dB, and it
would be significant only during morning and evening peak hours, hence no
mitigations are required for this source of noise.

 During the operational phase, the impact on the noise environment is negligible
(0.1~1.1 dB for distances of up to 200 meters from the project site).

 Beyond a distance of 250 meters from the project site, there will not be any
increase in the Sound Pressure Levels.

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4.15.1 Conclusion
Increase of approximately 6 dB was predicted at Noise Monitoring locations located within
50 meters from the project boundary during the construction phase. Beyond 100 meters, the
increase predicted is 2.1 dB at 100 meters, 1.1 dB at 150 meters and 0.8 dB beyond 200
meters distance from project boundary. This increase would be controlled by installing
Sound-Reflective corrugated sheets as Noise reflective barriers around the project site
boundary.
During the operational phase, the impact on the noise environment is negligible (0.1~1.1 dB
for distances of up to 200 meters from the project site).
During the construction activity, even with the predicted increase, the sound pressure levels
for Leq measurements would not exceed the CPCB limit of 55 dB for the residential zone.
Beyond a distance of 250 meters from the project site, there will not be any increase in the
Sound Pressure Levels.

Signifiance of the Impact

As the predicted values of the noise levels are within the 90% of the existing standards, the
severity of the impact has bee categrozied as ‘Low’ (1) , the extent of the impact is within
the 10 km radius of the project site hence, the same has been categorized as Moderate (2) and
as the duration of the impact is regular the same has been categorized as ‘High’ (3) resulting
in the impact ranking to be ‘Medium’ (6)

Severity of Impact 1 Extent of Impact 2 Duration of Impact 3

Impact Significance = 6 i.e. Medium

Mitigation Measures

The mitigation measures are tabulated below in Table 4-41:

Table 4-41: Mitigation measures during operational phase

Sr. Machinery / Equipment Predicted SPL Mitigations Required

Description at 1 meter
distance
1. DG Sets (Multiple <85 dB Diesel Generator Sets are
Numbers) supposed to have Sound
Pressure Levels of lesser than
75 dBA when measured at 1
meter distance. However,
when multiple DG sets are
supposed to be kept close to
one another, a single

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Sr. Machinery / Equipment Predicted SPL Mitigations Required

Description at 1 meter
distance
Acoustical Enclosure
combined for all the DG Sets
is recommended with a
minimum Transmission Loss
Rating of 30 dBA.
2. Submersible Pumps 80~85 dB Submersible type de-watering
pumps have lower Sound
Pressure Levels than 80 or 85
dB, therefore no mitigations
are necessary for this source
of noise.
3. Cranes / Hoists < 80 dB. Cranes usually are silent and
have noise levels of less than
80 dB in case they are
electrically driven and no
mitigation is necessary for
the same.
In case the cranes are driven
using an engine, in that case,
Acoustical Enclosure with 20
dB Transmission Loss Rating
is recommended for the
engine and the driving
mechanism.
4. Sewage Treatment Plant 100 dB 1. STP consists of multiple of
blowers and pumps, out of
which blowers can generate
noise levels exceeding 100
dB. Acosutical Enclosures for
STP Blowers are strongly
recommended, with 30 dB
Transmission Loss Rating.
8. Additional Mitigations / N/A Sound Reflective barriers
Care to take to be installed at the
boundary of the project
site.
All people working in the
vicinity of the
Equipment/Machinery with
Sound Pressure Levels
higher than 90 dB should
wear protective ear plugs to
avoid permanent hearing
damage.

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4.16 Impact on the socio economics

There will be impact on the socio economic conditions in the study area in general due to
influx of the external population which may put stress on the existing resources such as water
and electricity. But the project proponent will not draw on these existing resources as it will
take water from the sanctioned quota for industrial use from the Hetwane Dam and also
electricity for which it has already secured permission from the competent authority after
carefully calculating the requriments for the various uses in the Orange Smart City project
without disturbing the existing resources in the surrounding area.
Also the project will provide housing to the 3, 00,000 people which includes provision of the
social housing thereby reducing the stress on the local resources and the existing
infrastructure. There will be general improvement in the socio economic conditions in the
nearbty villages due to establishment of the ancillary small scale petty shops and other small
scale commercial establishemnts which will go a along way in contributing to the economic
development in the vicinity of the project area such as which will be positive in nature due to
general improvement in the socio economic conitiions in the study area and upliftment of the
people. The land purchasehas been done keeping in view the access roads to the project site
and the village roads in the vicinity of the project site i.e, these will be left undisturbed by the
project proponent wherein due diligence has been accorded while planning the project
boundary. The access roads / village roads connecting the various residential areas outside the
project boundary will be left undisturbed. As a result the impact will be beneficial

4.16.1 Provision of employment

There will be possibility of the employing a population of about 1,53,923 nos of people in the
operational phase of the project depending on the qualifcations / credentials and the skill sets
of the people. The split up of the working population estimates is presented in Table 4-42

Table 4-42 : Working Population Estimates

Land Industrial Industrial Commercial Indirect/Floating Total

Parcel Built Up Employment Employment Employment Employment
Area
(In Million
Sq.m)
T1 0.979 35746 19165 21964 76876
T2 0.371 13910 3935 7138 24982
T3 0.454 16074 1500 7030 24604
T4 0 0 19615 7846 27461
Total 1.804 65730 44215 43978 153923

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As a result of the employment opportunities the impact will be beneficial

4.17 Impact on cultural heritage

While planning the land use within the T4 land parcel which predominantly consists of the
residential and commercial area along with the green /open area which will not impact the
said Dargah due to less polluting nature of the activities in the designated for these land uses.
Hence the impact will be low in nature in the operation phase.

Severity of Impact Extent of Impact - Duration of Impact -

Impact Significance = Low

4.18 Impact on Ecology

The following section presents the impacts envisaged during the operation phase of the
project. The Orange Smart City comprises of industrial and residential developments along
with commercial, institutional landuses. About 390 acres of industrial area will be developed
and will comprise of the following industry mix.
 Engineering
 IT
 Agro
 Life Sciences
 Logistics
 Research
 Development
 Gems and Jewelry
 Electronics and Semi-Conductor
 Services
In general, the major impacts associated with the Operation phase of the development can be
summarized under the following areas of impact:
 Alteration of habitats and removal of available habitats by the development of project
 Use of fertilisers & pesticides for maintenance of Golf course grasses
 Operation of the industries, regular traffic residential areas, institutions with events,
celebrations

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4.18.1 Impact on Flora and Fauna:

The establishment of township project will require the destruction of vegetation project
development footprint. Given the limited extent of transformation of the site and the limited
land requirement of the development relative to the extent of available intact habitat, the
direct loss of habitat would be minimal for most faunal species and there do not appear to be
any species which would be significantly impacted by the direct loss of habitat especially in
light of the green belt development on 267.87 acres.
Fragmentation poses a greater threat as some species may avoid open areas or become
vulnerable to predation while traversing open ground
Regular events with loud music can negatively affect the birds and other animals found
within the surrounding habitats. The project influence area is known to harbour a large
number of birds including migratory species. However, considering the fact that beyond a
distance of 250 meters from the project site, there will not be any increase in the Sound
Pressure Levels no impact is envisaged.
The aquatic and marine fauna from the water bodies may be threatened by the water quality
deterioration coming largely from industrial wastes if not managed properly
Mangroves found along the periphery of the project may be threatened from siltation and
damage.

Significance of the Impact

The impact will be low considering the less polluting nature of the industries and the
provision of the extensive green belt plan which will further offset the adverse impacts due to
the operation of the Orange Smart City project.

Severity of Impact - Extent of Impact - Duration of Impact -

Impact Significance = Low

4.18.2 Mitigation Measures

Each individual project to be developed within the Orange Smart City will obtain
environmental clearance and consents from regulatory authorities as per the relevant Acts and
Notifications. Each individual project shall comply with the clearance/consent conditions.
The mitigation measures provided shall be implemented by each individual project based on
its applicability to the activities and processes.

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Wherever the project development activity is in close proximity to forest area, utmost care
will be taken that no forest area shall be disturbed while developing / construction & the same
shall be kept untouched maintaining the biodiversity of the area maintaining minimum a
buffer of atleast 20-100m wherever possible with ecological barriers
The mangrove vegetation fringing the project boundary in the T1 parcel will be protected
from all damage following proper measures.
Proposed maintenance of existing ponds within the project site will help the wildlife and
more specifically the birds to use the areas
The purpose of landscape planning is to protect the environment, as also to provide the much-
needed aesthetic excellence. A diverse wildlife population can be achieved with an integrated
landscape composed of lawns, tree, shrub and water features.
The proposed green belt development will aid the lost biomass and lead to sustainable
development. The green belt will enrich soil organic matter thereby nitrogen. It will be
developed to attain maximum attenuation of noise. Green belt will also control temperatures
and keep the surroundings cool. It will attract avifauna and create suitable habitat to micro
flora and fauna. The green belt will help as a sink to dust and gaseous pollutants. On the
whole it will have a positive impact on the environment. In the proposed green belt
development scheme mainly fruit bearing, ornamental, medicinal values trees will be planted;
which results in enrichment of biodiversity & beautification of area. Details of existing &
proposed green trees are presented below.

Table 4-43 : Details of the proposed green belt

Sr.No. Land Parcels Green Area in Acres

1 T1 220.0
2 T2 10.24
3 T3 29.64
4 T4 7.99
TOTAL 267.87

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Chapter 5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (SITE)

This section of the report presents the justification for the project and the analysis of
alternatives considered. The sections is this chapter are as under:
 Alternatives considered for selection of site;
 Alternative Site Assessment
 Suitability of Site for Proposed Industrial Township Development

5.1 Alternatives Considered for Selection of Site

Pen Sub region of MMR is the untapped area from development perspective in spite of the
existing connectivity by National Highway, proximity to the Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT)
and proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport. It also falls on the proposed Multi-modal
Corridor from Virar to Alibaug proposed by MMRDA and within the influenced zone of the
proposed Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC). Considering all the above OSCIPL has
proposed to establish an Smart Integrated Township in the Pen Tehsil. In connection with
the same the reconnaissance survey of the entire Pen Tehsil area was carried out to locate
suitable parcels of land which were ideal for the development of an Smart Integrated
Township without any detrimental influence on the surrounding environment. A total number
of three sites were shortlisted for further study and finalization.

5.1.1 Sites Selected for Study

Site 1 – Tarankhop Ramraj and Dhavate
Site 2 – Meleghar & Kashmire
Site 3 – Boregaon, Shene, Virani, Ambeghar Belawade Budruk, Belawade Khurd, Padale,
Walak, Mungoshi, Govirle, Kopar, Ambiwali, Balawali & Hamrapur

5.1.2 Key Characteristics and Comparative Site Evaluation

For identification of the most suitable region for development of the proposed Orange Smart
City project, assessment of the sub regions was carried out on the following aspects.

 Connectivity

 Terrain

 Land Availability

 Cost

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 Water Availability

 Manpower Availability

 Proximity to JNPT

5.2 Alternative Site Assessment

5.2.1 Site No.1: (Tarankhop Ramraj and Dhavate):
The site admeasures 480 Acres approximately. The same is located to the North of Pen-
Khopoli bye-pass road (SH -88). This site is situated directly on the NH 66 on the West side
and the SH 88 towards the South and ODR 25 (Pen to Belawade-Khurd) of Pen Tehsil. The
site has a gradual slope towards the West and South and appears flat and buildable.
The Hetawane canal passes along the eastern side of the site. Though the site appears to be
strategically located, it is also inherent with the following drawbacks. Being adjacent to the
irrigation canal it will fall under the command area of Irrigation and therefore permission for
conversion from Agriculture to other land uses will be difficult. Also the land for lease for the
Project area is also difficult since only between 60% to 70% of the land owners are willing to
part with their land holdings. The existing settlement of Tarankhop village is situated
between the site and the National Highway 17 and as such it is difficult to derive access from
the same.

5.2.2 Site No.2: (Meleghar and Kashmire)

This site admeasures 633 Acres approximately. This site derives access from a narrow land
parcel connecting to NH 66 and is situated to the South of Pen-Khopoli by-pass road (SH 88).
The site is also separated from the NH 66 by the Konkan rail and can derive access from NH
66 only by means of a flyover. The site is also bounded to the East, West and the South by
Hetawane canal. As such the accessibility of the site appears to be severely restricted. The
land is relatively sloping from south east to north-west direction. The land is also divided by
two village roads and as such the land parcel is split into three parcels which needs to be
connected either by shifting the village roads or bridging the parcels by means of ROBs
(Road over bridges). The entire parcel of land is irrigated land. Hence the same is costlier.
Being adjacent to the irrigation canal it will fall under the command area of Irrigation and
therefore permission for conversion from Agriculture to other land uses will also be difficult.
Also the land purchase for the proposed project area is also difficult since only between 40%
to 50% of the land owners are willing to part with their land holdings.

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5.2.3 Site No.3: ( Boregaon, Shene, Virani, Belawade Budruk, Walak, Mungoshi, Govirle,
Belawade Khurd, Padale, Kopar, Ambeghar, Balawali, Ambiwali & Hamrapur)
The Total project area for T1, T2, T3 and T4 is approx 1072.38 acres. These pockets are
spread at close intervals and connected by arterial roads as indicated below and together
constitute the Orange Smart City project. The Project Area Map as also the satellite imagery
for the same are shown in Figure 2-3.
The site is in four parcels which are closely located and internally connected by proposed
ODR 25 of Pen Tehsil. Together the four parcels add to 1072.28 Acres which is almost
double to the earlier locations. The villages falling within this site area area Boregaon, Virani,
Shene, Ambeghar, Belawade Khurd, Belawade Budruk, Mungoshi, Govirle, Balawali,
Padale, Walak, Kopar, Ambiwali and Hamrapur. The site is approached from SH 88 (Pen to
Khopoli) highway at an RL of around 25 – 39 m from MSL. Since some of the land parcels
are abutting creeks and also the railway and National Highway, the accessibility of the land
parcels are greatly enhanced due to the availability of multi-modal transport and connectivity.
The major part of the site is situated at a contour of 200 – 220 which is developable. The site
is divided into four parts and situated at different villages which are located nearby. Also
none of the land parcels are below 100 acres and as such is considered a good parcel from
Smart Integrated Township development point of view and each parcel can function as a self-
sustaining unit. This also facilitates the location of different types of Industry on different
parcels lending a unique character to each parcel. Considering other lands in Pen Tehsil, these
parcels identified are observed to be non fertile and non irrigated and therefore more suitable
for industrial development. The eastern part of the site stretches from North to South from
Bhogeshwari River to the North to Mahal Mira village to the South. The western part extends
around village Virani. The Western portion is relatively flat as compared to the Eastern
portion. Due to the undulating features on the site which includes hill slopes as well as valley
portion which are found to be undevelopable due to the steep slopes, almost 35% of the gross
area is being left open. However these spaces can be well developed by landscaping and
afforestation to augment the Open space requirements of the Orange Smart City project.
The valley portion also provides the opportunity for creation of a water retention pond
especially during monsoon where in the runoff simply flows into the creek and completely
wasted and unutilized. This proposed water retention pond will not only conserve water but
also provide as a valuable resource for the sustenance of the Orange Smart City project. In
addition this water retention pond can also be used for recreational purposes and contribute to
the Imagery and microclimate of the non Industrial Land Use area. The water retention pond

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also satisfies the stipulation of the MOEF guidelines with regard to water retention from
rainfall runoff and also contribute to environmental conservation.
The hill slopes can also be proposed to be utilized for solar farming and other sources of
renewable energy which could contribute to the energy requirements of street lighting,
pumping etc.

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Figure 5-1: Site No. 1 – Tarankhop Ramraj and Dhavate

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Figure: 5-2: Site No. 2 – Meleghar and Kashmire

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Figure 5-3: Site No. 3 – Boregaon, Shene, Virani, Belawade Budruk, Walak, Mungoshi,
Govirle, Belawade Khurd, Padale, Kopar, Ambeghar, Balawali, Ambiwali & Hamrapur

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5.2.4 Evaluation of Alternative Sites

The three sites are assessed with respect to various parameters like Connectivity, Terrain,
Land Availability, Cost, Water Availability, Manpower Availability, and Proximity to JNPT.
The key characteristics and comparative site evaluation on the basis of different aspects to
have a better understanding of selection of a suitable site for development of Smart Integrated
Township is presented in Table 5-1

Table 5-1: Key Characteristics and Comparative Site Evaluation

Sr. Aspect Site – 1 Site – 2 Site – 3
No Tarankhop & Meleghar & Boregaon, Shene, Virani,
Ramraj Kashmire Belawade Budruk, Walak,
Mungoshi, Govirle,
Belawade Khurd, Padale,
Kopar, Ambeghar, Balawali,
Ambiwali & Hamrapur
1. Connectivity From state Access from ODR Very good multi point access
Highway and 28 of Pen Tehsil on National Highway and
indirectly from Required ROB on State Highway.
National Highway Railway for access Also feasible to have railhead
from NH 66 and water transport connect
near Hamarpur.
2. Terrain Plain Plain Plateau with slopes
3. Availability 50% Irrigated and 80% Irrigated and Barren land suitable for
of Land 50% Fallow 20% Non-irrigated industrial development
Land.
Hence more
agricultural land
will be used for
the project
4. Cost High Unaffordable Relatively affordable

5. Water Water can be Only Hetwane Water can be available from

Availability available from Dam is nearest Hetwane Dam
Hetwane Dam Water
6. Manpower Good Moderate Good
Availability
7. Proximity to Proximity to the Proximity to the Proximity to the proposed
JNPT proposed MTHL proposed MTHL MTHL & JNPT within 21.32
& JNPT within & JNPT within 30 to 20.8 kms respectively
30 to 35 kms to 35 kms
respectively respectively

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Table 5-2: Comparative Analysis Table For Above Alternate Sites

Sr. Locations/Options Tarankhop & Meleghar & Boregaon, Shene,
No. Ramraj Kashmire Virani, Belawade Budruk,
Site Selection Criteria (Option.1) (Option.2) Walak, Mungoshi,
Govirle, Belawade
Khurd, Padale, Kopar,
Ambeghar, Balawali,
Ambiwali &
Hamrapur(Option.3)
1 Connectivity 9 4 9
2 Terrain 4 6 8
3 Land Availability 4 4 9
4 Cost 3 3 7
5 Water Availability 8 3 8
6 Manpower Availability 9 8 9
7 Proximity to JNPT 6 5 8
Total 43 33 58
Please note: 0-3: Poor; 4-7: Moderate ; 8-10: Excellent

Based on the comparative evaluation of the three identified sites, it was decided that the third
location covering villages Boregaon, Shene, Virani, Belawade Budruk, Walak, Mungoshi,
Govirle, Belawade Khurd, Padale, Kopar, Ambeghar, Balawali, Ambiwali & Hamrapur was
highly suitable for locating the OSC at the current location.

5.3 Suitability / Justification of Site for Development of Proposed Project

5.3.1 Industrial Development
The easy availability of land strengthens the scope of setting up of industries. At present
there is minimum existence of transport infrastructure and industries in the region, however
with the completion of the proposed project, the region will be well connected with the other
major cities making it highly accessible and appropriate location for setting up of industries.
Thus, the proposed investment will bring overall enhancement in communication,
infrastructure facilities, human capital, local demand and connectivity.

5.3.2 Residential Development

In the long run, the residential sector in MMR is expected to have a stable demand with the
increasing affordability of the population. With a perspective of the future infrastructure and
economic growth initiatives proposed near the subject site, the residential sector assumes a
moderate compatibility to the future development on the subject site and would play a
supporting role to the dominant Industrial development. The residential development would

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be commensurate with the Industrial development. The walk to work concept will get
implemented there by reducing carbon footprint etc.

5.3.3 Commercial Development

The commercial sector growth, which has gained some strength in recent past at at Navi
Mumbai may have an induced affect near the subject site region in a long term time frame of
10-12 years. As the demand shall pick up when the economic activities (IIP) and
infrastructure development activities (MTHL, International Airport) become operational. In a
medium timeframe of 4 -6 years, non-prime commercial spaces of basic typology like Banks,
ATMs shall be feasible. Further, offices of telecom and insurance sector on a small scale may
be developed in a time frame of 5 -6 years.

5.3.4 Retail Development

This sector may not have a sustained demand in the time frame of 5 -6 years. However, it
may derive demand only from an expected in-migration of residential population after the
proposed economic and infrastructure development activities take place. Thus the time frame
for retail activities to pick up shall be higher (10 -12 years). It is recommended that any retail
development proposed may suitably be positioned on the subject site to draw maximum
benefits from a catchment of student population if an education hub is proposed in the subject
site. Initially, neighbourhood level shopping areas shall be sustained i.e. in 2- 3 years time
frame. After the influx of more population (5-6 years time frame) shopping arcades may be
considered for development while organised stand alone retail complexes of a higher scale
may be feasible only after a 10 years time frame, after substantial catchment population is
available to sustain the retail demand.

5.3.5 Education / Institutional and Healthcare Development

An Education facility/hub which complements the Residential development e is likely to be a
strong attraction point for at the regional level. In the initial phases (2-3 years time frame),
the site for educational facility / hub as this activity is not dependent on the present
infrastructure conditions or the present real estate demand. This activity shall also be
instrumental in accelerating residential growth over a medium term (5-6 years).
However, a healthcare facility on a small scale may also be considered in the short term (2-3
years). The key to the development will be securing social activities such as educational

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institute, which are envisaged at the beginning of the projects. The sale of plotted
development has been scheduled as next activity followed by development of apartments in
the last stage of the project.

5.3.6 Hospitality / Leisure Entertainment

Considerable latent demand exists in the leisure and entertainment sector and it may have a
moderate compatibility on site given the demand derived by the residential population, who
are likely to be the frequent patrons of this destination. The subject site also fares high in
respect of land availability (as leisure and entertainment are land intensive sectors) also
coupled by ideal geographic settings.
In the initial 4-5 years timeframe, small scale entertainment destinations like stand alone
Cinemas may be considered for development. However, high level entertainment activities
like multiplexes, Golf Course and amusement park etc. may be considered only after a period
of 10 years, when the substantial demand from residential population exists.

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Chapter 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

Monitoring is one of the most paramount constituent of a management system. An
environmental monitoring plan provides feedback about the discrepancy between actual
environmental scenario and the impacts of the project on the environment. The purpose of
environmental monitoring is to evaluate the efficacy of implementation of Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) by periodically monitoring the important environmental parameters
within the impact area, so that any adverse effects can be detected and timely action can be
taken.

6.1 Objectives of Environmental Monitoring Plan

The key issues associated with the life cycle of a project are the monitoring of environmental
parameters. Three types of environmental monitoring are associated with the project, during
the project project period to determine existing conditions ranges of variation and process of
change. Effects/impact monitoring involves measurements of environmental variable during
construction and operation phase of the project to assess the impact that may have been
caused by the project. Finally, compliance monitoring takes the form of periodic sampling
and continuous measurements of level of pollutant emissions in the air, waste discharge on
land or water, level of noise to ensure that standards are met. The basic objectives of the
environment monitoring program are:

 Planning a survey and sampling program for systematic data/information collection

Conducting survey and sampling program

 Analysis of samples and data/information collected, and interpretation of data and

Information

 To ensure effective implementation of mitigation measures during project

implementation;

 To provide constant feedback to the decision makers about the efficacy of their
actions and measures taken;

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 Environmental monitoring is carried throughout project operation phase to detect

changes in the key environmental quality parameters, which can be attributed to
the project;

 To determine the project’s actual environmental impacts so that modifications can

be affected to mitigate the impacts;

 To identify the need for enforcement action before irreversible environmental

damage occurs;

 To provide scientific information about the response of an ecosystem to a given set

of

 human activities and mitigation measures;

 Preparation of reports for submitting to management and statutory authorities.

The results of the monitoring program used to evaluate the following:

 Extent and severity of the environmental impacts against the predicted impacts;

 Performance of the environmental protection measures or compliance with

pertinent rules and regulations

 Trends in impacts and Overall effectiveness of the project EMP

6.2 Suggested Environmental Monitoring Plan

The environmental monitoring plan for the proposed project has been developed in view of
the institutional, scientific and fiscal issues pertaining to the project. For developing the
monitoring plan, appropriate Value Ecosystem Components (VEC’s) which are likely to be
affected have been identified. For each component, suitable measurable environmental
indicators which are appropriate to the impact mechanism and scale of disturbance and have a
low natural variability, broad applicability and an existing data series have been defined. The
monitoring plan has been designed for the construction and the operation phase of the project
and the details of the plan have been presented in Table 6-1.

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Table 6-1 : Recommended Environmental Monitoring Programme

Sr. No. Type Locations Parameters Period and Institutional Responsibility

Frequency
Implementation Supervision
Construction Phase
1 Ambient Air 5 locations PM10, PM2.5, 24-hr (8hr for CO) Contractor through OSCIPL
Quality Sulphur dioxide (SO2), average samples MoEF approved
Oxides of nitrogen every quarter agency
(NO2)
Carbon monoxide
(CO)
Hydrocarbon (HC)
Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOC’s)
2 Ground Water 3 locations pH, TSS, TDS, DO, Quarterly Contractor through OSCIPL
BOD, Salinity, Total MoEF approved
Hardness, Fluoride, agency
Chloride and MPN
(No. of coli forms /
100ml), Heavy Metals
3 Surface Water 3 locations pH, TSS, TDS, DO, Quarterly Contractor through OSCIPL
BOD, Salinity, Total MoEF approved
Hardness, Fluoride, agency
Chloride and MPN
(No. of coli forms /
100ml), Heavy Metals
4 Noise 4 locations 24hrly Day and Night Quarterly Contractor through OSCIPL
time Leq levels MoEF approved
agency
5 Soil 4 locations Organic matter, C, H, Quarterly Contractor through OSCIPL
N, Alkalinity, Acidity, MoEF approved

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Sr. No. Type Locations Parameters Period and Institutional Responsibility

Frequency
Implementation Supervision
heavy metals and trace agency
metal, Alkalinity,
Acidity
Operation Phase
1 Ambient Air 4 locations as PM10, PM2.5, 24-hr (8hr for CO) OSCIPL through OSCIPL
Quality selected after Sulphur dioxide (SO2), average samples MoEF approved
consultation with Oxides of nitrogen every quarter agency
MPCB (NO2)
Carbon monoxide
(CO)
Hydrocarbon (HC)
Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOC’s)
2 Ground Water 3 locations as pH, TSS, TDS, DO, Quarterly OSCIPL through OSCIPL
selected after BOD, Salinity, Total MoEF approved
consultation with Hardness, Fluoride, agency
MPCB Chloride and MPN
(No. of coli forms /
100ml), Heavy Metals
3 Surface Water 3 locations as pH, TSS, TDS, DO, Quarterly OSCIPL through OSCIPL
selected after BOD, Salinity, Total MoEF approved
consultation with Hardness, Fluoride, agency
MPCB Chloride and MPN
(No. of coli forms /
100ml), Heavy Metals
4 Noise 4 locations covering 24hrly Day and Night Quarterly OSCIPL through OSCIPL
the project site and time Leq MoEF approved
in the surrounding levels agency
areas to be identified

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Sr. No. Type Locations Parameters Period and Institutional Responsibility

Frequency
Implementation Supervision
in consultation with
MPCB
5 Soil 5 locations as
Organic matter, C, H, Quarterly OSCIPL through OSCIPL
selected after
N, Alkalinity, Acidity, MoEF approved
consultation with
heavy metals and trace agency
MPCB metal, Alkalinity,
Acidity
6 Treated potable Water Treatment Parameters for Half Monthly OSCIPL through OSCIPL
water quality Plant horticulture use - MoEF approved
BOD, pH, S.S, agency
Coliforms
7 Treated Sewage All STPs (3 no.) Parameters for Half Monthly OSCIPL through OSCIPL
Water Quality horticulture use - MoEF approved
BOD, pH, S.S, agency
Coliforms
8 Treated Effluent As per IS 10500 – Half Monthly OSCIPL through OSCIPL
Quality ETP potable water MoEF approved
standards agency

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6.3 Data Analysis

The monitored data will be analyzed and compared with the baseline levels as established in
the EIA study and the regulatory standards specified by different government agencies. The
standards against which the different environment components will be compared are as per
Table 6-2.

Table 6-2: Applicable Standards for Different Environmental Components

Sr. No. Component Applicable Standards
1 Ambient Air National Ambient Air Quality standards,
Quality CPCB
2 Noise Quality Ambient Air Quality Standards with
Respect to Noise, CPCB
3 Surface water IS:2296: Class ‘C’ Water, CPCB
quality
4 Ground water IS: 10500 Standards, BIS
quality
5 Soil Quality --
6 Treated sewage IS 2490(1974) – Discharge into surface
water quality water,
IS 3306(1974) – Discharge on land,
IS 3307(1974)- Discharge for agricultural
use

7 Effluent Minimum National Standards (MINAS) for

industries by CPCB

6.4 Reporting Schedule

The monitoring results of the different environmental components will be analyzed and
compiled every six months during the construction and the operation phase.
The report will be assessed through competent environmental agencies to analyze and
ascertain the reasons for any high pollutant level. The development possibly responsible for
this high pollutant level will be identified by Orange Smart City Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. The
environmental management plan corresponding to that development or activity will be
checked for its efficacy.

6.5 Emergency Procedures/Corrective Measures

Corrective measures will be adopted if the review of the monitoring report reveals that the
environmental management plan is inadequate or has not been implemented properly. A

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detailed review will be carried out by the interdisciplinary team of experts of the
Environment Management Cell for assessing the gaps between the EMP and its
implementation. A corrective action plan will be worked out for the environmental
component and a rigorous follow up of that plan will be adopted.

6.6 Detailed Budgetary Provisions

A MoEF accredited laboratory will be sub contracted for the monitoring work. The cost
estimates for the proposed monitoring plan are as detailed in Table 6-3.

Table 6-3: Cost Estimates for Environmental Monitoring

S.N Parameter Sampling No. of Cost per Total

Frequency Samples Sample Annual Cost
per annum (INR) (INR)
A. Construction Phase
1 Ambient air quality Twice per 32 17000 5,44,000
quarter
2 Noise quality Twice per 32 5000 1,60,000
quarter
3 Ground water Twice per 24 11000 2,64,000
quarter
4 Surface water Twice per 24 11000 2,64, 000
quarter
5 Soil quality Twice per 32 7000 2,24,000
quarter
Total Cost 14,56,000
B. Operation Phase
1 Ambient Air Quality Twice per 32 11000 3,52,000
quarter
2 Noise Twice per 32 5000 1,60,000
quarter
3 Ground Water Twice per 24 11000 2,64,000
quarter
4 Surface Water Twice per 24 12000 2,88,000
quarter
5 Soil Twice per 32 5000 1,60,000
quarter
6 Treated potable Six times per 48 11000 5,28,000
water quality quarter
7 Treated Sewage Six times per 144 7000 10,08,000
Water Quality quarter
8 Treated Effluent Twice per 144 7000 10,08,000
Quality quarter
Total Cost 37,68,000
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S.N Parameter Sampling No. of Cost per Total

Frequency Samples Sample Annual Cost
per annum (INR) (INR)
Total Cost (A+B) 52,24,000

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Chapter 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 Public hearing
As per the EIA Notification 2006 and its amendments thereof all category ‘A’ projects need
to undertake public hearing wherein the concerns of the local affected persons and others who
have a plausible stake in the environmental aspects of the project or activity are ascertained
with a view to take into account all the material concerns in the project or activity design as
appropriate. In this context the public hearing for Orange Smart City was conducted at Aagri
Samaj Hall, Nagarpalika Road, Chichpada, Tal:Pen, Dist Raigad on 11th July 2017 at 11.00
am. The photo log of the public hearing is presented below:

Banner of public hearing at a prominent A close up of the banner depcting the

location depicting the venue and the time venue and the time of public hearing
of public hearing.

A participant in the public hearing asking Orange Smart City’s representative Mr.
questions C.S Sangvi explaining the project features

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BEIPL representative Mr. Hrushikesh A public hearing participant expressing

Kolatkar explaining the environmental opinion in the public hearing
aspects of the project

7.1.1 Public hearing compliances

The compliance of the comments /issues raised in public hearing are given below:

Sr.No Queries Compliance

Queries by Vaishali Tai Patil
1. 1) As per the Notification of MoEFCC, The Public hearing has been carried out
Gol dated 14th September, 2006, it is as per the Notification of MoEF&CC,
mandatory to make available the copies of GOI. The detailed report along with the
detail EIA report in vernacular language Executive summary was provided by
(Marathi) well before 30 days of the public MPCB to the respective Gram
hearing. However the detailed report is not Panchayats.
made available 30 days prior to the MPCB had also published the
hearing. Executive summary of EIA report on
their website 30 days prior to the
Public hearing.
2. There are discrepancies in informalties in Executive Summary has been prepared
Executive Summary and in the as per the guidelines mentioned in the
presentation. EIA Notification 2006 and its
amendments thereof, and it is an
abridged version of the EIA report and
includes the major findings of the EIA
study.
3. Most of Grampanchayat offices has not The Public hearing has been carried out
received the copies of Executive Summary as per the Notification of MoEF&CC,
well before 30 days advance. GOI. The detailed report along with the
Executive summary was provided by
MPCB to the respective Gram
Panchayats.
4. The project proponent’s has not mentioned Estimated Employment Opportunities
number of job opportunities created by the after completion is depicted in Table:
project. The project proponent has 2-1 in the EIA report.
mentioned the total figure of laborers and

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Sr.No Queries Compliance

future job opportunities.
5 The project proponent has not obtained The Project Proponent confirms that
“Consent to Establish,” from MPCB. they have obtained the Consent to
Project proponent informs that there may Establish from MPCB.
be change in the plan of the project. Hence
if project plan is changed, then will project
proponent conduct the public hearing
again? .
6 The project proponent did not inform the The Sources of Water has been
sources of water for the project. mentioned in Table no. 2-1 of EIA
report i.e. Hetavane Dam.
7 Most of local people from Schedule Tribe The date and time of public hearing
Communities (Adivasi Community) could was fixed by MPCB and not by the
not attend the hearing due to the paddy Project Proponent.
sowing season. There are sixteen Adivasi
hamlets (Vastis), they could not ' attend the
hearing.
8 The page numbers in the report are not It was an inadvertent mistake. The page
correct. Either the page numbers have been numbers have been corrected in the
deleted or not written EIA report.
9 As per the EIA Notification, 2006, EIA BEIPL conducted the EIA studies as
should be conducted for an area of 10 Kms per the provisions of the EIA
radius of the proposed project. It was Notification 2006 and its amendments
alleged that the Environment Advisor of thereof and had undertaken socio-
the project have not visited the area. economic consultations during the
Proponent should give proof of the fact study period from March 2015 to May
that they have visited the Grampanchayat 2015. The meeting was not conducted
office and conducted the meeting with at the gram panchayat office. The
officials of Gram Panchayat and local interview with local people were
people. conducted with adequate sampling size.
10 All the details mentioned in the EIA report Executive Summary has been prepared
are not included in the Executive Summary as per the guidelines mentioned in the
Report. EIA Notification 2006 and its
amendments thereof, and it includes
the major findings of the EIA study.
11 Hence the public hearing should be The preparation of the EIA report and
postponed and local people should be conducting of public hearing has been
provided with complete EIA report in undertaken as per the provisions of the
vernacular language. The next public EIA Notification 2006 and its
hearing should be conducted on the project amendments thereof issued by
site only as per the directives of MoEF& MoEF&CC, GOI till date.
CC.
12 The project proponent did not inform the The Project Proponent has secured in-
exact sources of water for the project. principle approval from the Irrigation
Hence local people fear that Proponent Department, Govt. of Maharashtra, for
will lift the water from Hetvane or the supply of water for the project.
Ambegaon dam which will affect the
drinking water system of the local people.

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Sr.No Queries Compliance

13 Convener has not mentioned the venue of The venue details were informed in the
public hearing in the letter which they have letters sent to Gram Panchayats.
sent to Grampanchyats.
The Venue was also published in local
newspaper (Marathi) and national
newspaper.
14 It is suggested that after the meeting of The summary / minutes / points of the
public hearing, the meeting were read before the public in
summary/minutes/points of the meeting the meeting only.
will have to be read before the public in
the meeting only.
Queries by Shri. Saniay Dangar, resident of Balavali, Tal. PenI Dist. Raigad:-
1 Township will be developed on four sites The four parcels in the township will
which are not contiguous. Hence these be connected by roads of adequate
sites will have to be connected by roads . length and width, thus making it
But construction of road and availability of contiguous. The details of the transport
land for construction of road is not infrastructure can be referred to in the
mentioned in the report. ' Section 2.36 titled “Traffic and
Transportation Plan” in the EIA report.
The details of the roads in the land
parcels are given in Table-2-46 titled
“Infrastructure related to road”.
2 The Patalganga, Balganga and The Project Proponent commits that
Bhogeshwari rivers which flows in the the industrial effluent will not be
vicinity of project have become highly discharged in the Patalganga/Balganga
polluted rivers due to discharge of and Bhogeshwari rivers.
industrial effluent from the existing
chemical units. If the new hazardous and
chemical factories allowed to develop in
the project area, the effluent will be
discharged in the river. The project
proponent did not inform the treatment of
treated domestic and industrial effluent.
3 The ancient Badaruddin Darga is just The Badaruddin Dargah is not a
adjacent to the project. Nothing is notified monument / structure by the
mentioned about the Darga in the Archaeological Survey of India. The
presentation and in the report. aforesaid Dargah is located outside the
project boundary. Extensive due
diligence has been accorded while
purchasing the land for the project site
which excludes the said Dargah.
Orange Smart City is planned as an
eco-friendly city. Thus, the
development envisaged will not affect
the aforesaid Dargah.
4 The efforts were made in the past by the The Project Proponent has made
other project proponent for the considerable investment for the project
development and they left the project. The and has firm commitment to

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Sr.No Queries Compliance

local people fears that this total project will completing it.
be handed over to another company. The Orange Smart City is envisaged to be
local people are already suffering due to an eco-friendly development and will
pollution of chemical factories and there comply will all the rules and
will be increase in the pollution and new regulations as per Environmental
project proponent will not honour the Protection Act, 1986. Adequate
promises made by the present proponent. pollution control measures such as
Sewage Treatment Plants, along with
other extensive pollution control
measures, have been planned to
mitigate the adverse impacts, if any,
from the proposed project.
Queries by Dilip Mukund Patil, Resident of Kane, Tal. Pen, Dist. Raigad
1. In this presentation, it is mentioned that no The population estimates include the
village will be relocated or displaced. A resident population and the working
detail of population of the project and population that includes the floating
floating population is not mentioned. This population. The same may be referred
is not clear whether this project will be to in the Table:2-15 and Table 2-16.
beneficial to local people. Project The estimated residential population
proponent answered that the no village will amounts to 278,034 and the estimated
be relocated or displaced due to the working population amounts to
project. Moreover, this project will bring 153,923 which includes a floating
prosperity in the vicinity of the project population of about 43,978 during the
operation phase. The project will also
include affordable housing.
The Project Proponent during the
Public hearing confirmed that no
village will be relocated or displaced.
This project will generate direct and
indirect employment opportunities.
Project Proponent will also carry out
necessary CSR activities as per the
needs of the local people.
Queries by Shri. Dhairyashil Patil, MLA
1. This is not a first attempt for the The said projects were never planned at
development of the project site. the proposed site of Orange Smart
Previously, the efforts were made by other City.
project proponents by planning to develop The job opportunities generated due to
Kanchangiri Complex and for the project will be 153,293.
development of Special Economic Zone
(SEZ). Both the project were abandoned. It
is noted that after huge investment, the
SEZ project, which is established in other
parts of country, can give only 3% job
Opportunities. The people have sighed of
relief as SEZ project is abandoned. Now, The EIA Consultant has been
the project proponent M/s Orange Smart appointed as per the provisions of EIA
City Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd., desires to Notification 2006 as amended till date.

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Sr.No Queries Compliance

develop Integrated Township. Moreover, the consultant is NABET
The project proponent has appointed an Accredited Consultant and works under
environment consultant for the preparation purview of MoEF&CC, GOI.
of EIA study. Naturally, the EIA study will
be in favour of the project only.
2 As per the EIA report, the population of The population estimates and the
the proposed city may be 300,000 (Three project infrastructure have been
Iakhs only). There may be more than worked out as per the relevant
4,50,000 souls in the proposed project, applicable guidelines. Adequate
hence the local people have to face civic infrastructure such as transportation
issues. network, sewage treatment,
information technology etc has been
planned and designed by the Project
Proponent to ensure that local people
do not face any civic issues because of
the project or the influx of population
in Orange Smart City.
3 The inception of the project will affect the The development of Orange Smart City
drinking water sources of the Pen City. will not disturb the existing water
There may be decrease of nearly 2,000 supply arrangements of the
hector irrigated land/area. The EIA report surrounding area, including Pen Town.
mentions that 36.0 MLD drinking water The water requirement for the project
will require for the proposed project. But has been worked out taking into
he feels that more quantity of water will be account the relevant guidelines. The
required than mentioned. The sewage of Project Proponent has secured in-
Pen City is already released in principle approval from the Irrigation
Bhogeshwari River. After township comes Department, Govt. of Maharashtra, for
up sewage will be discharged in the the supply of water for the project.
Bhageshwari River. Sewage treatment plants of adequate
capacity have been planned to cater to
the domestic sewage and the details of
the same can be referred to in the
Section 2.21.2 titled “Wastewater
Infrastructure”.
The treated water amounting to 20
MLD is available for various uses.
4. In the EIA report, it is mentioned that the The Sources of Water has been
water will be lifted from Hetwane dam. mentioned in Table no.2-1 of EIA
This point is missing in the presentation. report i.e. Hetavane Dam,
The water of Hetwane dam is reserved The Development of Hetavane Dam is
only for irrigation purposes and local for dual purpose including Irrigation
people will oppose the lifting of water for and Water Supply.
this project. The water of Ambegaon dam Hetavane Dam supplies a small
which is exclusively reserved for Pen City quantity of water for irrigation for
and hence project proponent will not be about four months a year to the nearby
allowed to lift the water from Ambegaon ' areas of the dam and there is
Dam. availability of surplus stock of water
for drinking purpose.

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Sr.No Queries Compliance

Hetavane Dam, at present, mostly
supplies water to CIDCO for Navi
Mumbai having an intake of about 150
MLD.
The Ownership of the Dam is with
Irrigation Department, Government of
Maharashtra.
Irrigation Department, Government of
Maharashtra has agreed in principle to
supply of about 36 MLD of water for
the project.
5 Due to this project, the local agriculture The project will not affect the local
may be hampered. agriculture. Adequate measures such as
sprinkling of water etc during the
construction phase, and adequate
mitigation measures have been
integrated in the design of the project
to counter adverse impacts, if any,
during the operation phase of the
project.
6 While acquiring the land in 2007, the Project will bring economic
project proponent has already issued opportunity to the residents and
Indemnity Letter of job Opportunities, businesses of the region, with a
from whom the land for the project was particular focus on local jobs, skill
bought. After ten years, nothing is done. development and apprenticeships.
As per the policy, if at all the project is not Project Proponent will hire local
implemented within five years, the workers with required skill sets
land/plot has to be handed over to the throughout the lifecycle of the project
owner of the plot. and will also provide training
opportunities to local residents in order
to build a skilled labour force and long-
term capacity and encourage local
participation.
The land purchase and aggregation to
the extent of about 1072.38 acres on a
‘willing buyer, willing seller’ basis is a
time consuming task. The project will
move at a fast pace after Environment
Clearance is received.
7 The project proponent has not considered The project area doesn’t fall in the
the study/findings of KasturiRangan Western Ghats.
Committee, though the project area falls
under Western Ghat. UNESCO has already
declared Western Ghat as World Natural
Heritage and declared more than 139
plants and animals as “highly sensitive
protective species.”
8 This public hearing shall be cancelled & The public hearing has been carried out

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Sr.No Queries Compliance

shall be re-conduct it as per the provisions of the EIA
Notification, 2006 and its amendments
thereof till date.
Queries by Shri. Vikas Mhatre, resident of Koproli, Tal. PenI Dist. Raigad
1 He expressed the opinion that project Estimated Employment Opportunities
proponent is promising the vague job while in final operating stage is
opportunities to local youths as the depicted in Table: 2-1 in the EIA
requirement of manpower and labor is not report.
bifurcated. The project will provide employment
to an estimated working population of
about 153,923. The total labour during
the construction phase will be around
500.
2 He further expressed the opinion that the The additional land if required will be
project will require additional land. taken through proper procedure and the
requisite permissions will be secured.
3 He asked to Environment Consultant for Name of proprietor & officers from the
the information of the Proprietor and company was provided during public
Board of Directors of the project. hearing.
Environment Consultant were unable to
answer the same.
Queries by Shri. PromodPatil, Member,Zilla Parishad Raigad
1 Name of the project is Orange City, which Name change is not relevant to
is in English. This needs to be changed to Environmental public hearing.
Marathi. The public hearing has been conducted
The company should consider conducting in accordance with the provisions of
the public hearing in individual villages. the EIA Notification 2006 and its
amendments thereof till date.
However, if the project is going to benefit The project will generate direct and
the people we will support it. indirect employment opportunities and
skill development which will enhance
the socio-economic status of the
surrounding area.
Queries by Shri. Jinesh Shirsath, resident of Antola, Tal. Pen, Dist. Raigad.
1 It is mentioned that hazardous waste will The project is a planned mixed use
be generated. If the project is a residential development including residential,
project how will hazardous waste be commercial and industrial components.
generated and if it is generated how it will Also, Orange Smart City has been
be managed. Seasonal study for EIA is not planned as an eco-friendly smart city.
carried out. In presentation, it is mentioned The individual industries will comply
that the plan may change a bit but it is not with the Hazardous Waste
mentioned in EIA report. Management Rules 2016 which will be
under the scrutiny of the Maharashtra
Pollution Control Board.
The EIA has been carried out for one
season as per the provisions of the EIA
Notification 2006 and its amendments
thereof till date.

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Sr.No Queries Compliance

Queries by Koshitai Pawar, Sarpanch, Balavali, Tal. Pen, Dist. Raigad
1. The report has been submitted in English, The EIA report has been prepared as
it should be submitted in Marathi. We per the provisions of the EIA
can’t read English. Water source will be notification 2006 and its amendments
affected. thereof till date issued by MoEF&CC,
GOI. As per MoEF&CC guidelines the
Executive Summary was also made
available in local language i.e. Marathi.
The presentation during the public
hearing was also made in local
language Marathi.
The development of Orange Smart City
will not disturb the existing water
supply arrangements of the
surrounding area.
Queries by Shri. Madan Patil
1. Shri. Madan Patil asked whether project The Project Proponent will give
proponent will buy construction materials priority to local contractor provided
from outside? It is informed that they are able to meet the contract
construction materials will be purchased requirements.
from Authorized mines. He suggested that
contract shall be given to the local people.
Queries by Shri. Saniay Naik, resident of Ambivali, Tal. Pen, Dist. Raigad.
1. The total EIA report should be made The preparation of the EIA report and
available in Marathi and another public the conducting of public hearing has
hearing should be arranged. been undertaken in accordance with the
provisions of the EIA Notification
2006 and its amendments thereof
issued by MoEF&CC, GOI till date.
Queries by Shri. Saniay Dangar, resident of Balavali, Tal. Pen, Dist. Raigad.
1. The project is proposed at four locations Orange Smart City is planned on
which are at a distance of 3 to 7 km and 1072.38 acres located at 4 different
there is limited connectivity to reach this location within 3 kms from each other.
location. Will the company acquire land The sites are connected through NH66,
through government to strengthen the SH88 and a ODR (Other District
connectivity? Road).
The upgradation of existing
connectivity is already in progress by
the Government.
2. Historical monuments have not been There are no notified historical
mentioned in the report. monuments / relics etc as notified by
Reply: -company representative clarified the Archaeological Survey of India
that the the road shown in the plans are within the project site and within the
along the ODR (other district roads).The 10 km radial study area for which the
company will use . existing roads for EIA studies have been undertaken.
connectivity purpose till such time that this
road may be widen by the government at
the later stage.

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The notice for the conducting of public hearing published in the English newspaper and in the
local vernacular language newspaper in shown below :
Notices for the conduct of public hearing in English newspaper and the local vernacular
newspaper

7.2 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan

7.2.1 Location
The location of the project is shown in Figure-7.1

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Figure 7-1 :Project Location

The national highways and the expressway in the surroundings listed in Table 7-1.

Table 7-1 : National Highways and Expressway in site surroundings

Name of From – To Name From – To

Road
Mumbai Kalamboli (Navi Mumbai) to SH 88 Pen Khopoli
Pune Pune
Expressway
NH 4 Mumbai to Pune further down SH 85 Khopta - Sai
to Banglore
NH 4 B Panvel to JNPT
NH 3 Mumbai to Nashik further down SH 81 Ghavan Phata to SH 85
to Agra
NH 8 Mumbai to Ahmedabad SH 54 Uran to Panvel
NH 66 Mumbai to Goa
The utilities requirement parcel-wise is shown in Table 7-2

Table 7-2-Utilties requirement –parcel wise

Land pocket T1 T2 T3 T4
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Latitude: 18042’14.11” N 18046’23.80” N 18046’53.73” N 18047’26.51” N

Longitude: 73008’37.90” E 73007’17.44” E 73007’28.52” E 73005’27.74” E
Villages Boregaon, Belawade Belawade Budruk, Govirle,
Shene & Budruk Belawade Khurd Ambiwali,
Virani, Walak, Mungoshi, Balawali,
Ambeghar Padale Hamrapur and
Kopar
Water 10 MLD 3 MLD 2 MLD 4 MLD
requirement
Power 350 MVA 85 MVA 24 MVA 46 MVA
Swage Waste 8 MLD 2 MLD 2 MLD 3 MLD
water
Solid waste T 15 T 5T 4T 8T
The major landmarks/ services in the vicinity of the project site are shown in Table 7-3.

Table 7-3 : Services in the vicinity of the project

1 Mahtre hospital ≈4km Railway station Pen 4.7 km

2 Ram Laxman mandir 3km Railway station Jite 2 kms
3 Pen private high school 4 km Hamrapur 1.14 kms
4 Navi Mumbai SEZ 20 km Proposed MTHL 15 Kms
5 Chhatrapati Shivaji International 40 km Alibag - Raigad District 28 km
Airport head quarters
6 Proposed navi Mumbai 21 km JNPT 20.8 kms
international airport
7 Karnala fort ≈ 16.5 Karnala Bird Sanctuary* ≈ 7.5 km
km
8 Hetavane Dam 5 km Ambeghar Dam 1.25 km

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The fact sheet for the parcel T1 is shown in Figure 7-2

Figure 7-2 :Fact sheet parcel T1

Undevelopable Land Amenities ---- Railway line

Layout open space Commercial Power line

Industrial Water body _ Existing road

Residential Roads

Sr. no. Land use T1 land parcel Built Up Area In T1 (sq.m)

1 Residential 58 1760458.89

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2 Industrial 282 988037.88

3 Commercial 38.33 1085859.14
4 Amenities/ Utilties /
38.00 15378.72
Facilities’
5 Undevelopable / Green /Open
Space
220.00 89034.70
6 Major roads 87.00 0
Total 723.33 3938769.34

The fact sheet for the parcel T2 is shown in Figure 7-3

Figure 7-3 :Fact sheet T2

Undevelopable Amenities ---- Railway line

Land

Layout open Commercial Power line

space

Industrial Water body _ Existing road

Residential Roads

Sr. Land use Built Up Area In T 2 (sq.m)

T2 land parcel
no.
1 Residential 8.23 242821.92
2 Industrial 58.00 374716.15

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3 Commercial 7.87 222950.99

4 Amenities /Utilties /
6.00 2428.22
facilities’
5 Undevelopable /
10.24 4144.16
Green / Open Space
6 Major roads 12.29 0
Total 102.63 847061.44

The fact sheet for T3 is shown in Figure 7-4

Figure 7-4 Fact sheet for T3

LEGEND
Undevelopable Land Amenities ---- Railway line
Layout open space Commercial Power line

Industrial Water body _ Existing road

Residential Roads

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Sr. Land use Built Up Area In T 3 (sq.m)

T 3 land parcel
no.
1 Residential 10.00 303527.3954
2 Industrial 50.00 459392.8147
3 Commercial 3.00 84987.67072
4 Amenities / Utilities /
7.00 2832.922357
facilities
5 Undevelopable / Green
29.64 11995.40267
/ Open Space
6 Major Roads 13.59 0
Total 113.23 862736.2058

The fact sheet for T4 is shown in Figure 7-5

Figure 7-5 : Fact sheet for T4

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Undevelopable Amenities ---- Railway line

Land

Layout open Commercial Power line

space

Industrial Water body _ Existing road

Residential Roads

Sr. Land use Built Up Area In T 4 (sq.m)

T 4 land parcel
no.
1 Residential 62.00 1881869.852
2 Industrial 0.00 0
3 Commercial 39.22 1111355.441
4 Amenities /Utilties /
7.99 3233.578519
Facilties
5 /Undevelopable /
7.99 3233.578519
Green/ open space
6 Major roads 15.98 0
Total 133.19 2999692.449

7.2.2 Identification of Hazards

The preliminary hazard analysis is given below:
Natural causes

 Cyclone

 Earth quake

 Land slide

 Flooding - heavy rain

 Tsunami

Physical hazards

 Noise

 Radiation (UV, radioactive materials)

 Extreme temperatures

 Vibration

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Biohazards

 Bio hazardous waste at hospital

 Epidemics

 Toxic marine organism near coastal region

 Animal / snake bites

 Occupational health hazards at industry

Mechanical

 scaffolding –fixed and portable failure

 structural failure

 power driven tools , saws , grinders and abrasive cutting wheels

 Poor maintenance of machinery and equipment

 Lack of safety guards in machines

 Bio

 Truck and transport vehicles

Hazardous substances and wastes

 AC, Refrigerators, Air conditioners Units fire/ explosion

 Accidental release of left over chemicals at closed industrial units

 Diesel fire at DG set

 Foul odor at dumping sites

 Hazardous waste uncontrolled disposal - batteries, Asbestos containing Dust,

Glass, Plastics, steel

 Hazardous waste uncontrolled disposal - e –waste batteries

 Industrial accidents, toxic gas release, fire /explosion /

 LPG / Acetylene gas cylinders for cutting fire /explosion

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 Release of toxic gas at (such as Chlorine) at CT, Filtration plants at WTP,

Swimming pools.

 Road accident involving hazardous chemicals / waste transport /Bridge collapse

 School laboratories fire /explosion

 Site decontamination

 Smoke in fire, acrid gases in fire , dumping yard

 Transformer fire /explosion

 Transport accident at Rail crossing

 Vehicles fuel fire

Frequent causes of accidents during construction Activity

 Being struck by falling object

 Caught in or compressed

 Cranes, winches , hoisting and hauling equipments malfunction

 Dusting

 Electricity (electrocution)

 Fall from height,

 Fore and explosion -Explosives, Blasting chemicals uncontrolled explosion during

demolition / land development

 Hit by sharp objects

 Injuries during Handling heavy objects

 Lack of PPE , housekeeping practices , safety signs

 Oxygen deficiency in confined spaces

 Paint/ thinner cleaners, pesticides , waste oil , flammable combustible materials

fire at store

 Poor illumination

 Slipping on wet surfaces

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 Snapping cables, ropes , chains , slings , hooks , chains

 Struck by moving objects

 Welding fumes and Radiations

7.3 Classification of Emergency/ Disaster

Category 1

Events can be controlled by Fire/ Security department with local resources.

Category 2

Events action plan requires additional help from local fire brigade and evacuation.

Category 3

Events action plan requires mobilization of external agencies, resources and evacuation. It is
termed as Disaster

Risk

Risk is a concept which describes a potential set of consequences that may arise from a given
set of circumstances. In the context of emergency management, risks are generated when
hazards interact with communities. The expression Risk is the combination of probability and
consequence severity. Thr risk matrix is depicted in Figure 7-6 and PHA risk assessment
matrix is shown in Table 7-4.

Risk Matrix

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Figure 7-6 :Risk Matrix

Table 7-4 : PHA Risk Assessment Matrix

Sr. Hazardous Construction phase Operation phase

event
No. Probability Severity Risk Probability Severity Risk
level level
1 Fire/ 1 2 2 2 3 6
Explosion /
toxic gas
release
2 Flooding. 2 1 2 2 3 6
3 Cyclone. 2 2 4 2 3 6
4 Security 1 2 2 1 3 3
Threat.
5 Earthquake. 2 2 4 2 3 6*

7.3.1Maximum Credible Accident Worst Possible Scenario

The major concern of the assessment is to identify the activities falling in a matrix of high &
low frequencies at which the failures occur and the degree of its impact. The high frequency,
low impact activities can be managed by regular maintenance i.e. LDAR (Leak detection and
repair) programmers. Whereas, the low frequency, high impact activities (accidents) are of
major concern in terms of risk assessment. As the frequency is low, often the required
precautions are not realized or maintained. However, the risk assessment identifies the areas
of major concerns, which require additional preventive measures; likely consequence
distances considering domino effects, which will give the possible casualties and ecological
loss in case of accidents.

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7.3.2 Massive earth quake is considered as Maximum credible accident (MCA) / Worst
Possible Scenario
Material Safet Data Sheet (MSDS)
Hazardous Chemicals
Chemicals stored or handled at site are Hazardous chemicals which satisfies; any of the
following criteria. MSDS gives the information of the chemicals.

 Criteria laid down in part I or is listed in Column 2 of Part II Schedule I appended

to “Manufacture Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989” and

 Criteria laid down in part I or is listed in Column 2 of Part II Schedule I appended

to “The Maharashtra Factories (Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards)
Rules, 2003” or

 Listed in Column 2 of Schedule 2 appended to these rules or

 Listed in Column 2 of “The Second Schedule appended to the Factories Act,

1948”.

 The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989” Amended 2000
and 2003.

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7.4 Relative ranking Dow Fire and Explosion Index

7.4.1 Methodology
Relative ranking of hazardous chemicals storage installations is carried out by DOW Fire and
Explosion Index, It is a method universally adopted for classifying/ categorizing/ indexing of
chemicals based on their reactivity and instability. The quantitative methodology relies on the
analysis based on historical loss data, the energy potential of the material under study and the
extent to which loss prevention measures are already taken.

Dow F & E Index

The
DOW Radius Of Area Of
Sr. Degree Damage
Installation F&E Exposure Exposure
No. Of Factor
Index (m) (m2)
Hazard
1 Diesel oil 14.4 LIGHT 3.6 0.12 40
tank
2 Store - 56 LIGHT 14.3 0.42 642
thinner

Methodology used is as per DOW’s fire & explosion index , hazard classification Guide , 7
th edition AIChE technical Manual published by American Institute of chemical Engineers ,
345, East , 47 the street , Newyork .

7.4.2 DOW FIRE & EXPLOSION INDEX worksheet.

Table 7-5: Dow fire & explosion index worksheet.
PLANT: DG set room
MATERIALS AND PROCESS: DIESEL OIL.
MATERIAL FACTOR: 10.

PENALTY PENALTY
FACTOR FACTOR
RANGE USED
1. GENERAL PROCESS HAZARDS
Base Factor. 1.0 1.0
A. Exothermic Chemical Reactions. 0.30 to 1.25 0.0
B. Endothermic Process. 0.20 to 0.40 0.0
C. Material Handling & Transfer. 0.25 to 1.05 0.2
D. Enclosed or Indoor Process Unit. 0.25 to 0.90 0.0
E. Access. 0.20 to 0.35 0.0
F. Drainage and Spill Control. 0.25 to 0.50 0.0

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General Process Hazards Factor (F1). 1.2

2. SPECIAL PROCESS HAZARDS

Base Factor. 1.0 1.0
A. Toxic Materials. 0.20 to 0.80 0.0
B. Sub – Atmospheric Pressure. 0.50 0.0
C. Operation in or Near Flammable Range – –
Inerted.
1. Tank Farm Storage Flammable Liquids. 0.0 –
2. Process Upset or Purge Failure. 0.3 –
3. Always in Flammable Range. – 0.0
D. Dust Explosion. 0.25 to 2.0 0.0
E. Pressure Operating atmospheric; – 0.0
F. Low Temperature. 0.20 to 0.50 0.0
G. Quantity of Flammable/ Unstable Material – –
Quantity
0.6 Kl , Hc 18.7  103 BTU/Lb.
1. Liquid or Gases in Process. – –
2. Liquid or gases in Storage. – <0.1
3. Combustible Solids in Storage. – –
H. Corrosion and Erosion. 0.10 to 0.75 0.1
I. Leakage – Joint and packing. 0.10 to 1.50 0.1
J. Use of fired heaters. – 0.0
K. Hot Oil Heat Exchange system > 210 ft. 0.15 to 1.15 0.0
L. Rotating Equipment. 0.5 0.0
Special Process Hazards Factor (F2) 1.2

Unit Hazards Factor (F1  F2 = F3). 1.44

Fire and Explosion Index (F3  MF) (F & IE). 14.4
THE DEGREE OF HAZARD LIGHT.
RADIUS OF EXPOSURE 3.6 meter.
DAMAGE FACTOR 0.12
AREA OF EXPOSURE 40 m2

Table 7-6: Dow Fire & Explosion Index Worksheet

PLANT: Store
MATERIALS AND PROCESS: thinner /paint store
MATERIAL FACTOR: 16.

PENALTY PENALTY
FACTOR RANGE FACTOR USED
1. GENERAL PROCESS HAZARDS
Base Factor. 1.0 1.0
A. Exothermic Chemical Reactions. 0.30 to 1.25 0.0
B. Endothermic Process. 0.20 to 0.40 0.0

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C. Material Handling & Transfer. 0.25 to 1.05 0.2

D. Enclosed or Indoor Process Unit. 0.25 to 0.90 0.0
E. Access. 0.20 to 0.35 0.0
F. Drainage and Spill Control. 0.25 to 0.50 0.0
General Process Hazards Factor (F1). 1.2
2. SPECIAL PROCESS HAZARDS
Base Factor. 1.0 1.0
A. Toxic Materials. 0.20 to 0.80 0.0
B. Sub – Atmospheric Pressure. 0.50 0.0
C. Operation in or Near Flammable Range Inerted. – –
1. Tank Farm Storage Flammable Liquids. 0.0 –
2. Process Upset or Purge Failure. 0.3 –
3. Always in Flammable Range. – 0.0
D. Dust Explosion. 0.25 to 2.0 0.0
E. Pressure Operating atmospheric; – 0.0
F. Low Temperature. 0.20 to 0.50 0.0
G. Quantity of Flammable/ Unstable Material Quantity – –
2 Kl , Hc 11.5  103 BTU/Lb.
1. Liquid or Gases in Process. – –
2. Liquid or gases in Storage. – <0.1
3. Combustible Solids in Storage. – –
H. Corrosion and Erosion. 0.10 to 0.75 0.1
I. Leakage – Joint and packing. 0.10 to 1.50 0.1
J. Use of fired heaters. – 0.0
K. Hot Oil Heat Exchange system > 210 ft. 0.15 to 1.15 0.0
L. Rotating Equipment. 0.5 0.0
Special Process Hazards Factor (F2) 1.2
Unit Hazards Factor (F1  F2 = F3). 1.44
Fire and Explosion Index (F3  MF) (F & IE). 23
THE DEGREE OF HAZARD LIGHT.
RADIUS OF EXPOSURE 5.8 meter.
DAMAGE FACTOR 0.28
AREA OF EXPOSURE 105 m2

Table 7-7: Dow Fire & Explosion Index Worksheet

PLANT: Store
MATERIALS AND PROCESS: LPG cylinders
MATERIAL FACTOR: 21

PENALTY PENALTY
FACTOR RANGE FACTOR USED
1. GENERAL PROCESS HAZARDS
Base Factor. 1.0 1.0
A. Exothermic Chemical Reactions. 0.30 to 1.25 0.0
B. Endothermic Process. 0.20 to 0.40 0.0
C. Material Handling & Transfer. 0.25 to 1.05 0.5
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D. Enclosed or Indoor Process Unit. 0.25 to 0.90 0.0

E. Access. 0.20 to 0.35 0.0
F. Drainage and Spill Control. 0.25 to 0.50 0.0
General Process Hazards Factor (F1). 1.5
2. SPECIAL PROCESS HAZARDS
Base Factor. 1.0 1.0
A. Toxic Materials. 0.20 to 0.80 0.2
B. Sub – Atmospheric Pressure. 0.50 0.0
C. Operation in or Near Flammable Range Inerted. – –
1. Tank Farm Storage Flammable Liquids. 0.0 –
2. Process Upset or Purge Failure. 0.3 –
3. Always in Flammable Range. – 0.0
D. Dust Explosion. 0.25 to 2.0 0.0
E. Pressure Operating 75 psig; Relief Setting +10 %. 0.39
F. Low Temperature. 0.20 to 0.50 0.0
G. Quantity of Flammable/ Unstable Material Quantity – –
0.5 t , Hc 18.7  103 BTU/Lb.
1. Liquid or Gases in Process. – –
2. Liquid or gases in Storage. – <0.1
3. Combustible Solids in Storage. – –
H. Corrosion and Erosion. 0.10 to 0.75 0.1
I. Leakage – Joint and packing. 0.10 to 1.50 0.1
J. Use of fired heaters. – 0.0
K. Hot Oil Heat Exchange system > 210 ft. 0.15 to 1.15 0.0
L. Rotating Equipment. 0.5 0.0
Special Process Hazards Factor (F2) 1.79
Unit Hazards Factor (F1  F2 = F3). 2.68
Fire and Explosion Index (F3  MF) (F & IE). 56
THE DEGREE OF HAZARD LIGHT.
RADIUS OF EXPOSURE 14.3 meter.
DAMAGE FACTOR 0.42
AREA OF EXPOSURE 642 m2

7.4.3 Inventory analysis.

Inventories at the industrials units are not available. However for the inventory at DG set ,
and flammable store during construction phase will be less than MAH installation threshold
specified under the “Manufacture storage and import of hazardous chemicals rules 1989 . “

7.5 HAZOP STUDY

7.5.1 Methodology
The procedure involves examining the model systematically, section by section or line by line
(depending on the level of detail required), looking for inadequacies in design. A checklist of

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guidewords is applied to each stage of the process in turn, thereby generating deviations
opposites all conceivable eventualities.
In essence, it is an abbreviated form of "critical examination” based on the principle that a
problem can only arise when there is a deviation from what is normally expected. The
procedure, therefore, is to search the proposed scheme systematically for every conceivable
deviation, and then look backwards for possible causes and forwards for the possible
consequences.
The possible causes and consequences of each deviation so generated are then considered and
potential problems thereby identified and noted if they merit action. The need for action is
decided semi quantitatively by taking into account both the seriousness of the consequence
and the probability of the events occurring. For any major risk area a quantitative hazard
analysis is also carried out.

7.5.2 HAZARD RATING

Step 1 : Estimate the probability of each hazard according
to its likelihood of occurrence (very likely; likely;
quite possible; possible; not likely) and assign the
quantitative value accordingly.
Step 2 : Estimate the severity of each hazard according to
its potential for harm (very high, high; moderate;
slight; nil) and assign the quantitative value
accordingly.
Step 3 : Once the probability and the severity of the hazard
are determined, as per following table;

HAZARD RATING
By multiplying these two factors i.e. probability and severity, a range of risk ratings between
1 and 25 is obtained. The hazard rating matrix is shown in Table 7-8

Table 7-8 :Hazard Rating Matrix

SEVERITY
Very High High. Moderate Slight Nil.
PROBA
BILITY

(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

Very Likely. (5) 25 20 15 10 05
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Likely. (4) 20 16 12 08 04
Quite Possible. (3) 15 12 09 06 03
Possible. (2) 10 08 06 04 02
Not Likely. (1) 05 04 03 02 01
Step 4 : According to the rating of each risk, it is necessary to evaluate it
according to the following.
 Urgent situations (16 to 25) that require action immediately.
 High-risk situations (10 to 15) that require action in the short and
medium-term.
 Medium-risk situations (5 to 9) that require action or further
evaluation within an appropriate period.
 Low-risk situations (less than 5) that may require relatively little or
no action.
Step 5 : Decide on the priorities for action and allocate resources to areas where
they are likely to have the greatest impact.

7.5.3 HAZOP Work Sheets

The HAZOP worksheets are given below

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NODE – 1 : Proposed development of Orange Smart City project at Pen district Raigad , Maharashtra
DESIGN INTENT : Identification of hazards in the proposed project to achieve sustainable development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs .
Guide Protection
Parameter Deviation Cause Consequence S P R Recommendations
Word Measures
Other hazardous Hazardous The existing Potential for fire/ TREM cards 5 4 20
Carry out impact prediction
chemicals materials traffic on the explosion / toxic Drivers training
Transport Road tanker Road NH 66 is gas release /consequence analysis for the
mishap at significant depending upon
worst possible hazardous
entrance of especially at the the material
T-3 on NH location involved it may chemical transport accident at the
66 (location identified, the affect NH 66,
identified location .
marked as vehicles may be and residential
A1 on page going to Port or zone at T-3
no. 6 ) . further entrance
locations on NH
66 . Potential Off site
consequences
obtain dove tailing information
for off site disaster control plan to
be given to district emergency
authorities.

More More flow flammable Release of bio It may affect the Leak detector 4 4 16
Carry out impact prediction
of gas release gas at T- 1 only access road Trained operatives
flammable cluster (location for residential as Fire protection /consequence analysis for the bio
gas marked as A2 well as industrial system
on page no.8 ) users. Gas pressure is low
followed by
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NODE – 1 : Proposed development of Orange Smart City project at Pen district Raigad , Maharashtra
DESIGN INTENT : Identification of hazards in the proposed project to achieve sustainable development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs .
Guide Protection
Parameter Deviation Cause Consequence S P R Recommendations
Word Measures
flash fire / gas holder failure scenario
explosion.

NODE – 1 : Proposed development of Orange Smart City project at Pen district Raigad , Maharashtra
DESIGN INTENT : Identification of hazards in the proposed project to achieve sustainable development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs .
Guide
Parameter Deviation Cause Consequence Protection Measures S P R Recommendations
Word
As Compositio Contaminati Road mishap at fire/ explosion / Orange industry 5 4 20
Prepare DMP for the
well as n on of water the road over toxic gas release proposed in the IE
body DAM at T 1 and proposed IE
cluster (location contamination of
marked as A3 the water body
on page no. 8) depending upon
Of the tanker the material
carrying involved. It may
hazardous affect the water
materials for the body user
proposed installations
industrial estate downstream
seriously.
Other Land slide Land slide Loose soil affecting the Awareness training 4 4 16
Prepare DMP for the
at the T -2 during only access to
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NODE – 1 : Proposed development of Orange Smart City project at Pen district Raigad , Maharashtra
DESIGN INTENT : Identification of hazards in the proposed project to achieve sustainable development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs .
Guide
Parameter Deviation Cause Consequence Protection Measures S P R Recommendations
Word
cluster near excavation residential zone proposed IE
entrance of causing cave in occupants during
residential emergency.
zone Heavy rain
(location
marked as Cut and fill
A4 on page work at site
no. 9)

NODE – 1 : Proposed development of Orange Smart City project at Pen district Raigad , Maharashtra
DESIGN INTENT : Identification of hazards in the proposed project to achieve sustainable development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs .
Guide
Parameter Deviation Cause Consequence Protection Measures S P R Recommendations
Word
Other Flooding Flooding Heavy rain During heavy Awareness training 4 4 16
Prepare DMP for the
at T3 Inadequate rain coinciding
cluster storm drainage with high tide proposed IE
(location system period likely to
marked as Tsunami affect T -3
A5 on Dam failure up industrial units.
page no. stream of the
10 ) water body

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NODE – 1 : Proposed development of Orange Smart City project at Pen district Raigad , Maharashtra
DESIGN INTENT : Identification of hazards in the proposed project to achieve sustainable development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs .
Guide
Parameter Deviation Cause Consequence Protection Measures S P R Recommendations
Word
As Composition Contamina A6 Water release of Awareness training 4 4 16
Carry out impact prediction
well as tion of air treatment plant chlorine and
with toxic filtration plant dispersion in /consequence analysis for the
gas located at T-3 downwind side
worst possible scenario
cluster (location will affect
marked as A6 occupants down involving toxic chemical and
on page no. 10 wind.
check the impact at target
)
sensitive locations such as
Karnala Bird Sanctuary

NODE – 1 : Proposed development of Orange Smart City project at Pen district Raigad , Maharashtra
DESIGN INTENT : Identification of hazards in the proposed project to achieve sustainable development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs .
Guide
Parameter Deviation Cause Consequence Protection Measures S P R Recommendations
Word
Other Fire/explos Industrial Industrial likely to affect Fire protection 4 4 16
Provide fire station and
ion accidents accident in the the residential system
area at T-4 area zone nearby
(location seriously

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NODE – 1 : Proposed development of Orange Smart City project at Pen district Raigad , Maharashtra
DESIGN INTENT : Identification of hazards in the proposed project to achieve sustainable development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs .
Guide
Parameter Deviation Cause Consequence Protection Measures S P R Recommendations
Word
marked as A8 depending the hospital at IE
on page no. 11 type of affected
) industry
Other Natural Cyclone Cyclone , Up routing of Lightening arrestors 4 4 16
Prepare DMP for the
Disaster followed by trees blocking
heavy rain Land roads affecting Provision of proposed IE
slide / road speedy Search required tree cutter
blockages for and rescue and machinery for
various reasons operations. clearing the road
in the area at T- blocks by fallen
4 cluster trees
(location Affecting lives
marked as A8 and properties at Awareness
on page no. the residential programs for
11) zone and Cyclone
industry

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7.6 Fire/ Explosion

Fire / explosion are likely hazard at industrial as well as residential areas. Fuel storages like
diesel, bio gas network , fuel of vehicles , combustibles at flats , school laboratories ,
flammable gas cylinders during construction phase or in kitchen during operation phase,
boilers in industry , industrial operations , etc are prone to fire/ explosion hazard. The effects
of thermal radation and the effect of blast pressure wave are respectively shown in Table
7-9 and Table 7-10.

Table 7-9 : Effect of Thermal radiation

RADIATION (KW/M2) EFFECTS

10 Red: Potentially lethal within 60 sec).
5 Orange: 2nd degree burns within 60 sec).
2 Yellow: Pain within 60 sec.

Table 7-10 : Effect of blast pressure wave

OVER PRESSURE (psi) EFFECTS

8 Red: Destruction of buildings.
3.5 Orange: Serious injury likely.
1 Yellow: Shatters glass.

7.6.1 HAZARDS OF SMOKE

In the early stages, smoke from the fire will quickly rise into the roof space. The smoke can
spread laterally at a velocity of up to 5 m/s. An average person will walk at 1 to 2 m/s and run
at 7.5 m/s. Once the building roof space is full, the smoke will start to build down. The rate at
which this occurs varies significantly with the nature of the combustibles and building
geometry. Although the smoke is made up mainly of entrained air, it can contain sufficient
toxic substances and asphyxiates to disorientate and disable within seconds and kill within
minutes.
Most fire-related deaths are due to inhalation of toxic gases in smoke, not to fire or heat it.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is thought to be the most common cause of fire-related death.
Because of its high affinity for hemoglobin, relatively small concentrations of CO can
saturate the blood, form carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), and deprive tissues of oxygenation. In
general, COHb smoke can also impede escape from fire, and thereby increase risk of death,
by obscuring vision as a result of eye irritation and lacrimation, by impairing mobility, or by
impairing mental acuity.

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The simplest burning scenario is one in which a moderate fire begins on the furniture and
does not spread appreciably. If the fire size is 100 KW. i.e., about 0.6 m in diameter, it can be
shown that the hot smoke will have filled the room to a depth of 1 m from the floor in about 6
min; the temperature of the hot layer will have reached 100ºC after 11 min. Hence, by the
temperature criterion mentioned above, the environment will have become lethal in 11 min.

Construction materials
Smoke from Construction materials is toxic such as PTFE wire (LCt 50 85 ), Nylon carpet
foam backing (LCt 50 298 ), Latex paint (LCt 50 403 ), wood based tile (LCt 50 486
),Gypsum (LCt 50 1521 ), insulation materials during combustion release toxic smoke and
combustion products .

Security Threat

1: Bomb threat.
Hoax message
Genuine message
2: Letter bomb.
3: Pocket/ parcel/ book bomb.
4. Terriorist attack
5. riot /arisen
6. War time
The bomb threat evacuation guide is shown in Table 7-11.

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Table 7-11 : Bomb Threat Evacuation Guide

Note: The distance estimates are indicative and for initial evacuation.

7.7 Evacuation
Stampede while evacuation especially at crowded public places, religious places, schools,
community hall , banks etc. have potential for disaster resulting in injuries and deaths. At
any location during disaster if the space /person in the passageway is 2 sq. ft or less all
forward movement stops and leads to stampede .

7.8 Cyclone

Raigad district is prone to cyclone. Cyclones are characterized by their destructive potential
to damage structures such as houses, lifeline infrastructure such as power and communication
towers. hospitals, food storage facilities. roads, bridges, culverts. crops. etc. due to high
velocity winds. When a cyclone approaches the coast. the right forward sector of the cyclone
experiences wind from ocean to land {on-shore wind) which pushes the sea water towards the
coast and finally appears as storm surge. The direction of the wind on the left forward sector
of the cyclone is from land to ocean{off-shore wind) which pushes the water from the coast
towards the ocean producing even negative surge.
The strong cyclonic winds circulate in anti-clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere
Tropical storms are intense low pressure areas from the centre of which pressure increases
outwards- The amount of the pressure drop in the centre and the rate at which it increases
outwards gives the intensity to these storms and the strength of winds. The coassification of
the cyclonic wind speeds are shown in Table 7-12.

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Table 7-12 : Classification of cyclonic wind speeds

S.N. Types of Disturbances Associated Wind speed in the Circulation

1. Low Pressure Area. Less than 17 knots (<31 kmph).
2. Depression. 17 to 27 knots (31 to 49 kmph).
3. Deep Depression. 28 to 33 knots (50 to 61 kmph).
4. Cyclonic Storm. 34 to 47 knots (62 to 88 kmph).
5. Severe Cyclonic Storm. 48 to 63 knots (80 to 118 kmph).
6. Very Severe Cyclonic Storm. 64 to 119 knots (119 to 221 kmph).
7. Super Cyclonic Storm. 120 knots and above (222 kmph & above).
(based on World Meteorological Organisation Classification)

Exceptionally heavy rainfall causes flooding. Storm surge inundates low-lying areas in the
coastal areas resulting in loss of life and destruction of property, besides eroding beaches and
embankments. destroying vegetation and reduce soil fertility.
Pre and Post-monsoon storms are more violent than the storms of the monsoon season. Life
span of a severe cyclonic storm in the Indian seas averages about 4 days from the time it
forms until the time it enters the land.

7.9 Earthquake

The site falls in seismic Zone – IV

 Which is Moderate Damage Risk Zone (MSK VIII ) IS 1893-1(2002)

 There is no history of significant earthquakes in this district earlier.

 The proximity of the Western Ghat Fault Scarp and evidences of neo tectonic
activities in the Konkan area point to the earth movements in the recent past and
the possibility of an earthquake cannot be ruled out.

 In Zone IV , earthquakes of higher intensity may be felt. Earthquakes that

frightens everyone, making it difficult for people to stand. Even people in moving
vehicles may feel such quakes. Structures/buildings of good design and
construction suffer slight damage, while poorly designed/ built ones suffer
considerable damages. (*Intensity: VIII).* Intensity is here considered a
classification of the severity of the ground shaking on the basis of observed effects
in a limited area and is measured in the MSK Scale ranging from I to XII

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7.10 Flood
7.10.1 Heavy Rain Fall
Physiography: The Orange Smart City Project area is divided in four patches and these
patches occupy diverse topography from a steeply sloping hilly terrain situated at higher
elevations to almost plain topography along lower contours.
Parcel T1 i.e. the area between Boregaon, Ambeghar, Virani and Shene is the largest land
mass and covers an area of 723.33 acres. It occupies the highest portion along its southern
boundary having an elevation of about 225 meter above mean sea level (m, amsl) which
descends down to an altitude of little over 26 m where it meets the river.
Parcel T2 and T4: Occurs in two patches near villages Belawade Budruk, Belawade Khurd,
Padale, Mugoshi and Walak. T2 site has relatively flat ground. The ground elevation of this
parcel ranges from 80 m to 55 m. For T4 , elevation ranges from 55m to 7m.
Parcel T3: This land area occurs adjacent to Govirle, Ambiwali, Balawali, Kopar and
Hamarapur. For T3, elevation ranges from 80m to 40m. The site is generally flat at top
hacving slope leading to Balganga river. T3 patially falls under CRZ-III and hence only those
activities permitted under CRZ-III will be carried out on the affected area.

7.10.2 Tsunami
Part of the Land parcel T 3 is in CRZ area. The two rivers Balganga and Bageshwari meet
Arabian Sea. The creek presents potential flooding Hazard due to Tsunami.The multihazard
data for the West Coast of India-Maharashtra is shown in Table 7-13.

Table 7-13 : Multi Hazard Data for West Coast of India- Maharashtra

Design Cyclonic Probable Maximum Astronomical High

Seismic Flood
Wind UT [IS:875 Storm Surge Heights Tide above Mean
Zone Proneness
(III)] m/sec (m) Sea Level (m)
IV & III 44 & 39 2.9-4.2 1.9 -

Tsunami velocity is dependent on the depth of water through which it travels, and is equal to
the square root of depth times the gravitational acceleration. Tsunami Waves travel at a speed
of approximately 700 km/ hr in 4000 m of water. In 10 m of water the velocity drops to about
36 km/hr.The tsunami hazard zone is given in Table 7-14.

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Table 7-14 : Tsunami Hazard Zone

Hazard Zone 1 2 3 4
Maximum
0 to 3 m 3 to 6 m 6 to 9 m >9 m
Water Depth
Patch T 3 is the low lying patch with elevation ranging from just 6 meters to 0 meter i.e. at
par with the sea level and hence rush of sea water during high tide is credible scenario

7.10.3 Dam Break

The project is planned as per natural pattern of the land while considering the minimum
disturbance to the existing land pattern.

 Hetavane Dam 4 km east of T1

 Ambeghar Dam 1.25 m north of T1 & 1.75 km south of T2

 Bhogeshwari River runs East - West direction on North of T1

 Balganga River at T3

 Two water retaining structures (earth dams) are proposed in the main valley floor .
Water retention dam 8 m contour interval and by 100 dyke of the earth at T1

7.11 Bio Hazard

Biological disasters are scenarios involving disease, disability or death on a large scale
among humans, animals and plants due to toxins or disease caused by live organisms or their
products . Such disasters may be natural in the form of epidemics or pandemics of existing ,
emerging or reemerging diseases and pestilences or manmade by the intentional use of
disease causing agents in Biological Warfare ( BW ) operations or incidents of Bio terrorism
( BT )
Bio –hazardous waste will be generated at hospital

7.12 Land Slide

 Natural Causes Include

a. Saturation of slope material from either intense or prolonged rainfall and
seepage
b. Vibrations caused by earthquakes
c. Undercutting of cliffs and banks by waves or river erosion
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d. Volcanic eruptions.
 Human Cases Include
a. Removal of vegetation
b. Interference with, or changes to, natural drainage
c. Leaking pipes such as water and sewer reticulation
d. Modification of slopes by construction of roads, railways, buildings, etc
e. Overloading slopes
f. Mining and quarrying activities
g. Vibrations from heavy traffic, blasting, etc
h. Excavation or displacement of rocks.

7.13 Chemical Hazard

Chemical release hazards are likely at number of locations such as
 Toxic gas release at swimming pool & WTP

 Transport accident involving hazardous chemicals / waste

 The storage and handling of hazardous chemicals at the industry

 Fuel storage and handling locations

 LPG cylinders at flats

Flammable Refrigerants at Ac, Refrigerators . the list is not exhaustive as the

industy details are not available at this stage.

Figure 7-7: Failure frequency analysis

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7.13.1 Event Tree – Flammable,Toxic , Reactive Chemical Release

Event trees begin with an initiating event and work toward a final result. This approach is
inductive. The method provides information on how a failure can occur and the probability of
occurrence. Frequency of the incident is estimated by Event Tree. The event tree for the
various events is shown in Figure 7-8.

Figure 7-8 : Event Tree - Flammable, Toxic , Reactive Chemical Release

Sr. No. Event Frequency

1 Pool Fire 2.0  10-6/Y
2 Jet Fire 3.0  10-5/Y
3 Flash Fire 1.5  10-5/Y
4 Vapour Cloud Explosion 3.1  10-6/Y
5 BLEVE 1.6  10-5/Y
6 Toxic Release 3.05  10-4/Y

The fault tree analysis is shown in Figure 7-9

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Fault Tree Analysis- Flammable,Toxic , Reactive Chemical Release

Figure 7-9 : Fault Tree - Flammable,Toxic , Reactive Chemical Release

Where

A1 Instrument malfunctioning
A2 Safe temp. /pressure not maintained
A3 Hazardous chemicals unstable
A4 Contamination leading to unsafe reaction
A5 Local fire , parking at wrong spot
B1 Pilferage, unattended spill, Thrift, valve not closed properly
B2 Sabotage
C1 Design defect
C2 Inferior quality of hardware
C3 Poor maintenance / fitness

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D1 Bad road
D2 Heavy traffic
D3 Heavy population
D4 Bad weather
D5 Poor visibility
D6 Land slide
D7 Blind spot
D8 Accident prone spot , narrow roads
D9 Rough terrain
D 10 Tire burst / puncture
D 11 Obstacles, bridge, tunnel, noise barriers, via duct, flyover, stray animals,
wild life animals
E1 High speed
E2 DUL (Driving under influence )
E3 Un attended Parking at un approved zone
E4 Repair at roadside garages

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7.14 Consequence analysis accident

7.14.1 Release Of Lpg Gas From Cylinder
The LPG data is shown in Table 7-15.

Table 7-15 : LPG Data

CHEMICAL NAME: BUTANE

Mole Weight 58.12 g/mol Ambient B.P. - 6 oC VP. at ambient > 1 atm.
temp
AEGL-1 5500 ppm AEGL-2 (60 17000 ppm AEGL-3(60 53000ppm
(60min) min) min)
LEL 16000 ppm UEL 84000 ppm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 1,000,000 ppm or 100.0 %.
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 238 grams/sec

LPG gas escaping from pipe (not burning), through pipe.

7.14.2 Flammable area of vapor cloud.

Threat modeled:
The flammable area of the vapour cloud is shown in Table 7-16.
Table 7-16 : Flammable Area of Vapour Cloud

Red 9600 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets. 14 meters.

Yellow 1600 ppm = 10% LEL. 45 meters.

7.14.3 Jet Fire

Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from jet fire.
THREAT ZONE:
The thermal radiation from Jet Fire is shown in Table 7-17

Table 7-17: Thermal radiation from Jet Fire

SR. NO. THERMAL RADIATION LEVEL Affect distance

1. Distance to 10 KW/M2 (100 % Lethality). < 10 m
2. Distance to 5 KW/M2 (1 % Lethality). < 10 m
3. Distance to 2 KW/M2 (Emergency Action). < 10 m

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7.14.4 Vapor Cloud Explosion

The overpressure (Blast Force) is shown in Figure 7-10

Figure 7-10 : Overpressure (Blast Force)

THREAT MODELED:
The results of the overpressure (Blast Force) is are given in Table 7-18
Table 7-18 : Overpressure (Blast Force)

Red. 8.0 psi: Destruction of buildings. LOC was never exceeded

Orange. 3.5 psi: Serious injury likely. 12 meters.
Yellow. 1.0 psi: Shatters glass. 26 meters.

7.14.5 Fuel Diesel Oil Release At Dg Set Room

Threat zone:
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire.
The results of thermal radiation from pool fire is given in Table 7-19
Table 7-19 : Thermal radiation from pool fire

SR. NO. THERMAL RADIATION LEVEL Affect distance

1. Distance to 10 KW/M2 (100 % Lethality). 11 m
2. Distance to 5 KW/M2 (1 % Lethality). 12 m
3. Distance to 2 KW/M2 (Emergency Action). 13.5 m

7.14.6 Toxic Chemical Release At WTP

The chlorine data is given in Table 7-20
Table 7-20 : Chlorine Data

CHEMICAL NAME: CHLORINE.

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Mole Weight 70.91 g/mol Ambient B.P. -34.1° oC VP. at ambient >1 atms
temp
ERPG-1 1 ppm ERPG -2 3 ppm ERPG -3 20 ppm
IDLH 10 ppm LEL – UEL –
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 1,000,000 ppm or 100.0 %.
SOURCE STRENGTH
Instantaneous release from 900 kg tonner night temperature 12 0c

Release of chlorine liquid (winter – night time).

The toxic area of the vapour cloud is shown in Figure 7-11
Threat modeled: toxic area of vapor cloud.

WINTER – NIGHT TIME: ERPG. WINTER – NIGHT TIME: IDLH.

Figure 7-11 : Toxic area of vapour cloud
Threat Zone
The distances for the toxic area of the vapour cloud is shown in Table 7-21
Table 7-21 : Toxic area of vapor cloud.

Red ERPG 3 = 20 ppm 1000 meter.

Orange ERPG 2 = 3 ppm 3400 meter.
Yellow ERPG 1 = 1 ppm 6500 meter.

7.14.7 Toxic, Flammable And Reactive Chemical Release In Road Accident

The ethylene oxide data is shown in Table 7-22
Ethylene Oxide Data
Table 7-22 : Ehtylene Oxide Data

CHEMICAL NAME: ETHYLENE OXIDE

Mole 44.05 Ambient 10.5 oC VP. At ambient > 1 atm
Weight g/mol B.P. temp
ERPG -1 N/A ERPG -2 50 ppm ERPG -3 500 ppm
IDLH 800 ppm LEL 30000 UEL 1000000 ppm
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ppm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 1,000,000 ppm or 100.0%

The ethylene oxide consequence analysis results are depicted in Table 7-23

Table 7-23 : Ethylene Oxide Consequence Analysis Results

Downwind Affect Distance (m)
Sr.

Blast Over
Flammable

(KW/m2)
No.

radiation
Thermal
Pressure
LEL %
Accident Scenario

Toxic
vapor

vapor
cloud

cloud

psi
ERPG 3

ERPG 2

ERPG 1
60 10 8 3.5 1 10 5 2

IDLH
1.1 Line leak Toxic 970 3100 - 758
Area of Vapor
Cloud
1.2 Line leak 178 395
Flammable Area of
Vapor Cloud
1.3 Line leak Vapor 14 199 415
cloud explosion
1.4 Line leak Jet fire 15 26 46
1.5 Evaporating puddle 115 428 - 88
,Toxic Area of
Vapor Cloud
1.6 Evaporating puddle 17 44
Flammable Area of
Vapor Cloud
1.7 Evaporating puddle 20 31 72
Vapor cloud
explosion
1.8 Pool fire 3 m <10 <10 11
1.8a Pool fire 25 m 34 49 76
1.9 Tanker failure 1900 4500 - 1600
instantaneous
release on land,
Toxic Area of
Vapor Cloud
1.10 Tanker failure 469 524 824
instantaneous
release on land
Vapor cloud
explosion
1.11 BLEVE/Fire ball 204 291 457
Road tanker
1.12 Liquid line leak on 77 354 - -
water ,Toxic Area
of Vapor Cloud
1.13 Liquid line leak on 11 28
water Flammable
Area of Vapor
Cloud
1.14 Liquid Line leak on 19 29 65

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water Vapor cloud

explosion

Fireball Diameter: 118 meters Burn Duration: 9 seconds

Pool Fire Diameter: 25 meters Burn Duration: 2 minutes
Flame Length: 25 meters
NOTE:
1. ATMOSPHERIC DATA
Wind from West at 1.5 m/s
Stability Class-stable F category
Cloud cover 5 tenth
No Inversion
Relative Humidity 50 %
Ambient Air temperature 30 oC

Figure 7-12 : Typical wind rose

2. Consequences zones have been calculated using software ALOHA, phast and also
software based on the “TNO Yellow Book”. Method for calculation of the Physical Effects of
the escape of Dangerous Material (Liquid & Gases) Published by the Directorate General of
Labour, Ministry of Social Affair, Netherlands (1979).
3. Apart from the maximum credible releases, the conservative approach appears in
adoption of atmospheric conditions, used in the dispersion calculation. In general, the
assumptions/ conditions will result in the largest damage distances. Hence, it must be
remembered that this analysis will be pessimistic & conservative in approach & is only a
planning tool. Its use should not be extended without understanding its limitations.

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7.15 Impact Assessment

The nature or impacts could fall within three broad classifications i.e., direct, indirect and
cumulative, based on the characteristics or impacts. A practical framework/ approach is
adapted and different methods combined to suit the present project in this report

7.15.1 Direct impact

 A discharge of industrial estate or an effluent from the Effluent Treatment Plant
(ETP) into a river may lead to a decline in water quality in terms or high
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) or dissolved oxygen (DO) or rise of water
toxins will be negative impact. However being the orange category industry the
impact severity is likely to be low.

 Cyclone results in direct impact in terms of Injury, fatality, loss of property and
long term local and wide spread impacts on the residents. Due to high velocity
winds and exceptionally heavy rainfall, there is potential to damage houses and
lifeline infrastructure such as power and communication towers, hospitals, roads
etc., Structures falling outside protection provided by lightning arrestor are most
vulnerable, this will have negative impact on the business. However the probability
of cyclone in the area being low the impact will not be significant.

 During cyclone and earth quake failure of Communication towers, Power transition
towers, Structures falling, floods , Blockages of the escape route /roads leads to
direct negative impact on emergency control operations.

 Stampede during evacuation as a result of fire/explosion, bomb threat, natural

hazards like flood, cyclone and earthquake results in direct impact on occupants in
terms of Injuries, trauma and fatality likely during evacuation.

 Any fire / explosion will have direct negative impact on the exposed persons in
terms of Thermal radiations, burn injury and fatality within the vulnerable zone. .
This will have negative impact on the community.

 Sensitive location Karnala bird sanctuary lies at approx 7.5 km in north direction
of the T3 cluster. The impact potential of Chlorine dispersion in down wind
direction under worst possible condition (Wind 1.5 m/ sec and atmospheric
stability F) is 6800 m. Hence for the accident scenario considered negative impact
expected is not likely.
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7.15.2 Indirect impact

 In case of contamination of water body may also affect on aquatic flora in that
water body and may affect reduction in fish population thereby affecting the
population depending on fishing business. Thus creating negative impact .
However being the orange category industry the impact severity is likely to be low.

 Stampede during evacuation as a result of fire/explosion , bomb threat , natural

hazards like flood , cyclone and earthquake results in indirect negative impact
Long term local and wide spread truma on the residents

7.15.3 Cumulative impact

There are new and wide roads proposed leading from those constructed for a project,
increased infrastructure and trained manpower will lead to better emergency response
towards disaster management. Thus creating positive impact having the impact severity of
high significance

7.15.4 Induced impact

Additional road network, population density or growth rate . (e.g., excess growth may be
induced in the zone or influence around a industrial estate, increase in workforce and nearby
communities contributes to this effect .and in the process causing societal risk level rising .
Thus creating negative impact having the impact severity as medium .
Note :
The growth-inducing impacts and other effects related to induced changes due to reasonably
foreseeable future projects can be qualitatively assessed however, the cumulative impacts due
to induced development or third level or even secondary indirect impacts arc difficult to be
quantified. Because of higher levels of uncertainties, these impacts cannot normally be
assessed over a long time horizon. The objective is to achieve sustainable development. The
development process shall invariably cause some residual impacts

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7.15.5 Impact Matrix

The impact matrix is shown in Table 7-24.
Table 7-24 :Impact Matrix

Phase of the project

Sr. Hazard

/
Decommission
no.

Construction
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Construction

● ● ● ● ● ● Operation

Operation
● ● ● ● ● ● Post
Pre

ing
Cyclone

-
cause
Natur

Earth quake

-
Land slide

-
Flooding - heavy rain

-
Tsunami

-
hazards al
s

Noise

-
Physical

Radiation (UV , radioactive materials )

-
Extreme temperatures

● ● -

● -
Vibration

-
Bio hazardous waste at hospital

-
Epidemics /Communicable diseases by pests ,insects
Biohazards

● ● ●

● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ●
,rodents etc
Toxic marine organism near coastal region -
-
Animal / snake bites
-

Occupational health hazards at industry

-

● -
AC , Refrigerators , Air conditioners Units fire/ explosion
-

-
Accidental release of left over chemicals at closed industrial

● ● ●
units
-

● -

● ● -

Diesel fire at DG set

-

Foul odor at dumping sites

-

Hazardous waste uncontrolled disposal - batteries ,

● ●

● ● ● ●

● ● ● ●

Asbestos containing Dust, Glass, Plastics, steel

-

Hazardous waste uncontrolled disposal - e –waste batteries

-

Industrial accidents , toxic gas release , fire /explosion /

-

● -

PNG/LPG / Acetylene gas cylinders fire /explosion

-
Hazardous substances and wastes

Release of flammable gas at bio gas plant and piping – flash

●

fire/explosion
-

Release of toxic gas at (such as Chlorine) at CT, Filtration

●

plants at WTP, Swimming pools.

-

Road accident involving hazardous chemicals / waste

● ●

transport /Bridge collapse

-

School laboratories fire /explosion

-

● ● ● -

Site decontamination
-

● ● ● ● -

Smoke in fire , acrid gases in fire , dumping yard

-

● -

Transformer fire /explosion

-

Transport accident at Rail crossing

● -

● -

● -

Vehicles fuel fire

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Phase of the project

Sr. Hazard

/
Decommission
no.

Construction
Construction

Operation

Operation
Post
Pre

ing
Phase of the project
Sr. Hazard

/
Decommission
no.

Construction
● ● ● Construction

● ● ● Operation

Operation
● ● ● Post
Pre

ing
Failure of machinery and equipment

-
Lack of safety guards in machines

-
Mechanical

Poor maintenance of machinery and equipment

-
power driven tools , saws , grinders and abrasive cutting

● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ●
wheels

-
scaffolding –fixed and portable failure

-
structural failure

-
Truck and transport vehicles

-
Being struck by falling object
-
Frequent causes of accidents during construction

Caught in or compressed -
Cranes , winches , hoisting and hauling equipments
● ● ● ●

● ● ● ●

● ● ● ●
malfunction
-

Dusting
-

Electricity ( electrocution )
-

Fall from height,

-

Fire and explosion -Explosives , Blasting chemicals

uncontrolled explosion during demolition / land
● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ●
development
-

Hit by sharp objects

-

Injuries during Handling heavy objects

-

● ● -

Lack of PPE , housekeeping practices , safety signs

-

Oxygen deficiency in confined spaces

-

Paint/ thinner cleaners, pesticides , waste oil , flammable

● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●

● ● ● ● ● ●

combustible materials fire at store

-

Poor illumination
-

Slipping on wet surfaces

-

● ● -

Snapping cables , ropes , chains , slings , hooks , chains

● -
Activity

Struck by moving objects

Welding fumes and Radiations
-

Repetitive and monotonous work, excessive workload ,

Ergonomics

psychosoci
al hazards

strain injuries
-

Mental stress , human relations ( aggressive behavior ,

● ●

● ●

● ●

alcohol and drug abuse , vilonce )

-
&

Poverty , low wages , lack of education

-

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Phase of the project

Sr. Hazard

/
Decommission
no.

Construction
Construction

Operation

Operation
Post
Pre

ing
Long working hours , shift work , night work , temporary

●
employment

-
7.16 Individual Risk (Ir )

Individual risk is defined by AIChE/ CCPS as risk to a person in the vicinity of a hazard. This
includes the nature of the injury to the individual, the likelihood of the injury occurring and
the time period over which the injury might occur. Individual risk can be estimated for the
most exposed individual, for groups of individuals at particular places or for an average
individual in an effect zone. For a given incident or set of incidents, these individual risk
measures have different values.

7.16.1 IR Methodology

Individual Risk due to incidence ‘i’ at a geographical location x, y is given as;

1
IR x , y    IR x , y ,i
N

Where,
IR individual risk
I incidence
x, y location coordinates of the target
N is number of persons in the affect zone.

7.16.2 Individual Fatality Criteria

The individual fatality criteria is shown in Table 7-25
Table 7-25 : Individual Fatality Criteria

Individual Fatality Individual Fatality Criteria

1 × 10-4 per yr This contour remains on-site.
1 × 10-5 per yr This contour extends into industrial developments only.
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1 × 10-6 per yr This contour extends into commercial and industrial developments only.

7.16.3 Toxic, flammable , reactive chemical release at Highway

Assumption the road mishap involves Ethylene Oxide tanker on NH 66 near T-3 entrance ;
Number of persons 2 nos. (Driver and cleaner) near the incident spot .The individual risk due
to this road mishap is shown in Table 7-26.

Table 7-26 : Individual risk

Sr. No. Event Frequency Probability Of Fatality IR
Presence In The
Vulnerable
Zone
1 Pool Fire. 2.0  10 / y
-6 1 0
2 Jet Fire. 3.0  10-5/ y 1 0
3 Flash Fire. 1.5  10-5/ y 1 1 1.5  10-5
4 BLEVE. 1.6  10-5/ y 1 24 3.84  10-4
5 Toxic 3.05  10-4/ y 1 1 3.05  10-4
Release.

Individual risk considering all the five incidents.

IR = 7.04  10-4

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7.16.4 QRA Results.

The QRA results are shown in Table 7-27
Table 7-27 QRA Results
Table
Downwind Affect
7-27Individual Remarks
Distance (M)
Fatality (IR)
1 × 10-4 per yr 25 The impact differs from case to case
1 × 10-5 per yr 250 and is highly location specific
1 × 10-6 per yr 325
A broadly acceptable level of individual risk as per the ALARP (As low as reasonably practicable) concept of
HSE, UK is 10-6/ year.

7.17 Societal Risk Methodology

Societal risk criteria are generally presented as curves on F – N plots. Mathematically, the
equation for an F – N criterion curve may be presented as; [Ball 19981].

F  k  N a
Where,
F = the cumulative frequency of N or more fatalities.
N = the number of fatalities.
a = aversion factor (often between 1 and 2).
k = constant.

7.18 Societal risk estimation

The QRA societal risk is shown in Table 7-28.
Table 7-28 QRA societal risk
SR EVE FREQUEN VULNERA AREA POPULATI FATALI FATALI
. NT CY BLE ZONE HECT ON TY % TY
N (m) OR DENSITY
O. @ 325 ( 25
)
Persons/He
ctor
1 Flash 1.5  10-5/y 60 1.13 367 (28) 1 4 (0-)
Fire.
2 BLEV 1.6  10-5/y 204 13.07 4247 (326) 24 1028 (78
E. )
3 Toxic 3.05  10- 1900 m 30.08 9776(752) 1 97 ( 7)
Releas 4/y
e.
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Figures in bracket shows base line data (without the proposed project)
The present Population of affected 14 villages 11,187 numbers,
The estimated Population after the implementation of proposal 145000 numbers.

7.19 F-N Curve

The F-N curve data is shown in Table 7-29.
Table 7-29 F-N Curve Data
S.N. EVENT FREQUENCY CUMULATIVE FATALITY
FREQUENCY
1 BLEVE. 1.6  10 /y
-5
1.6  10-5 /y 1028 (78)
2 Toxic 3.05  10-4 /y 3.21  10-4 /y 97 ( 70)
Release.
3 Flash Fire. 1.5  10-5 /y 3.36  10-4 /y 4 ( 0)
Figures in bracket shows base line data (without the proposed project)

 The present Population of affected 14 villages 11,187 numbers,

 The estimated Population after the implementation of proposal 145000 numbers.

The slope of the societal risk criterion (when plotted on a log – log basis) is equal to ‘–a’ and
represents the degree of aversion to multi-fatality events embodied in the criterion. When the
F – N curve slope is equal to -1, the risk criterion is termed ‘risk neutral’. A risk criterion for
which the curve slope is more negative than -1 is said to be more risk averse. An anchor point
along the curve (e.g. N=10 fatalities, F=10-3/year) and a slope (e.g. -1) is usually enough
information to plot a risk criterion F – N curve. if any portion of the calculated F – N curve
exceeds the criterion line, the societal risk is said to exceed that risk criterion. In the present
case the slope is negative and the curve is well below the criterion line indicates insignificant
societal risk.

7.20 Risk Mitigation Measures

This risk assessment exercise for the site under consideration establishes the significance of
impacts first and proceeds to delineate the associated mitigation measures. So the
significance here reflects the “worst-case scenario” before mitigation is applied, and therefore
provides an understanding of what may happen if mitigation fails or is not as effective as
predicted. Risk mitigation measures are suggested herewith so as to reduce the risk to
reasonable acceptable risk level.

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7.20.1 Risk based land use plnning

Risk based land use allocation to be followed as illustrsted in the figure below:

Figure 7-13: Land uses for different risk levels

Consider impact potential of the industry while providing separation between the
industry and various land uses. The suggested individual fatality risk criteria for
various land uses is given in Table 7-30.

Table 7-30 : Suggested Individual Fatality Risk Criteria for Various Land Uses
Suggested Criteria Land Use
(risk in a million)
0.5 Hospitals, schools, child- care facilities, old age housing
1 Residential, hotels, motels, tourist resorts
5 Commercial developments including retails centers, Offices
and entertainment centers
10 Sporting complexes and active open space
50 Industrial
The criteria on ‘Range of Pollution Index ‘for the purpose of categorization of
industrial sectors to be used for locating the industries at site . Industrial Sectors
having Pollution Index score of 41 to 59 are covered under Orange category . As
indicated in the EIA report the site may have industries having higher Pollution Index
score hence while allocating land location for such industries case to case risk
assessment study is required.

The criteria for land use sensivity and Air pollution potential of the industry for
suitability of site are reproduced 1 here with as ready reference . The criteria for land

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use sensivity and Air pollution potential of the land location should be used. The
land use sensitivity assessment is given in Table 7-31.

Table 7-31 : Land use sensitivity assessment

Distance to sensitive land < 0.5 km 0.5 km to 2 km to 5 5 km to 7 km to 15 > 15 km
use 2 km km km km
Impact potential of
industry↓
Up to 0.5 km B G G G G G
0.5 km to 2 km R B G G G G
2 km to 5 km R R B G G G
5 km to 7 km R R R B G G
> 15 km R R R R B G

The air pollution potential sensitivity assessment is given in Table 7-32.

Table 7-32 Air pollution potential sensitivity assessment
Distance to ‘critical /high” < 0.5 0.5 km 2 km to 5 km to km to > 15
quality dispersion area km to 2 km 5 km 7 km 15 km km
/sensitive land use
Impact potential of industry↓
A4 (> 2 km) R B G G G G
A3 (2 km to 5 km ) R R B G G G
A2 (5 km to 7 km ) R R R B G G
A1 (> 7 km) R R R R B G
Where
R Requires additional pollution control measures towards best available technologies
Requires additional pollution control measures beyond the technologies considered
B
for meeting minimal national standards
G Suitable

In addition to provision of Police station, hospital, fire brigade at site consider adequate
hall for the industrial association the industrial area which will serve as emergency control
centre. Provision of a HAZMAT VAN will be positive feature for disaster control
management
The industry should consider spill control prevention and control measures. Liquid fuels
and chemicals should be stored in areas where there are provisions for containment of spill.
Segregate storm water drainage network from the industrial waste water drain system.
Avoid any play ground in industrial area, locate the play grounds in residential area.
Take periodic MOCK drills as per the Disaster management plan (DMP) for the township.
In order to deal with environmental impacts manufacturing Industries /firms to apply the
concept of LCA ( Life Cycle Assessment ) that recognizes the environment impacts of the
product at all stages of the project life cycle i.e. product design , development ,
manufacturing , packing , distribution , usage and disposal considering total picture rather
than just one stage of production process.

7.21 Disaster Management Plan (DMP)

The DMP and the offsite DMP is attached as Annexure -8 and Annexure -9 respectively
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Chapter 8. PROJECT BENEFITS

This section of report describes the direct and indirect benefits due to proposed project is
expected to have at the local, regional or even national scale. The benefits from the project on
the infrastructure in general and on the socio-economic status will be described.

8.1 PROJECT BENEFITS

The Project will have Industrial (less polluting), Residential & Commercial clusters with
state-of-the-art infrastructure and globally benchmarked smart features. The project
development envisages Indian and foreign investments over a period of 15 years, creating a
total built-up area of 8.64 million square meter of industrial, residential and commercial
space. The project also aims to become home to a population of approximately three lakhs
and create job opportunities for approximately 1.5 lakhs skilled and unskilled professionals.
The said project will have some of the following major socio-economic benefits.

a) Employment

The socio-economic benefits arising out of this project for the local populace will include
creation of direct and indirect jobs and consequent rise in the income levels, associated
commercial and social infrastructure development in the mofussil areas, improved quality.
The skilled manpower required for operation of the industrial estate will be easily available
from the proposed areas. Manpower training and skill up-gradation will be encouraged.

b) Infrastructure Development

The proposed project will increase the Infrastructural facility for the area especially which
will provide an opportunity for employment generation and development of service sectors.

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c)Economic Development
Proposed project will add benefit to the regional socio economic status due to development of
ancillary facilities’ besides main project.

d)Multiplier Effect

The project will have excellent multiplier effect and will become truly a win-win situation for
all the stakeholders. Thus, the proposed project has substantial socio-economic and
environmental benefits at the local, the State, the Regional and the National levels.

g) Aesthetic Environment

The proposed project will reduce the pollution load in the micro level environment. And the
aesthetic beauty will get a chance to be much better than earlier.

8.2 Socio –Economic Welfare Measures

Orange Smart City Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd (OSCIPL) is committed for various social welfare
development in the surrounding region . The following CSR measures will be implemented
by OSCIPL which along with cost are given in Table 8-1.

Table 8-1 : CSR messures along with cost

Sr. No CSR measures Cost (Rs Crores)

1 In the proposed development repair of primary 7-8
schools will be undertaken and academic
facilities will be developed. Assistance will be
provided to start computer education classes
2 Skill development programmes for locals by 5-7
conducting through ITI or special classes.
3. Providing support for primary health care 2-3
facilties, gymnasium and yoga classes & special
programs will be undertaken on health education
4 Activities for women empowerment, support to 5-6
women's self help groups and child welfare
5. Awareness programmes and activities on 1-2
cleanliness (Swachh Bharat) and environment
protection will be conducted
6. Provision of social infrastructure suich as pure 12-15
drinking water, solar lights, development of
community toilets etc.

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Chapter 9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1 Introduction
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlines the various pollution control systems and
other measures envisioned for alleviating environmental impacts identified separately for
construction and operation phases. Individual mitigation measures has been assessed with
respect to:

 Adoption of state of art technological measures;

 Identification of human resources for its effective implementation;

 Allocation of financial resources for its effective implementation; and

 Effectiveness of mitigatory measures.

EMP specifies various technological measures for pollution prevention, waste minimisation,
attenuation etc. proposed to be undertaken to mitigate the environmental impacts on each
sector of environment during each phase of the project, i.e. construction phase and operation
phase.
Apart from mitigation measures, EMP also includes institutional set-up for implementation of
various measures.

9.2 Institutional and Legal Framework

The entire lifecycle of the proposed project shall involve a large number of functions related
to development, operation and governance of the Industrial Area. At present, there are several
agencies responsible for different activities. For the OSCIPL it is proposed to have a single
authority to expedite speedy implementation of the projects and uniformity in regulatory
framework. The responsibility matrix for the various tasks to be undertaken by OSCIPL as a
monitoring agency is outlined in Table 9-1.

Table 9-1 : Responsibility Matrix

S.N Activities Responsible Agency

1 Preparation, Implementation and Monitoring Development Plan, OSCIPL
Town Planning Schemes, Development Control Regulations and
Building Byelaws
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S.N Activities Responsible Agency

2 Approval of Development Plan for OSCIPL OSCIPL
3 Demarcate and develop sites for industrial, commercial, residential OSCIPL
and other social infrastructure purposes according to the plans
4 Levy development charges & fees OSCIPL
5 Impose penalty and mode of recovery OSCIPL
6 Holding, Sale, Lease & Auction of land, buildings structures of OSCIPL
industrial, residential, commercial and with other uses
7 Negotiate and enter into contracts/ agreements of any form with OSCIPL
for development of land, building, project, infrastructure.
8 Enter into contracts, agreements or concession agreements with OSCIPL
any person, entity, developer or organization for performing its
functions
9 Construct, support, monitor and facilitate development of OSCIPL
Infrastructure, amenities and utilities (water, waste water, power,
solid waste, telecommunication, roads, drains, street lighting,
logistic parks, fire stations, flood protections, within the project
premises
10 Promote, establish and execute industries, projects or enterprises OSCIPL
for material or any substance which are likely to promote
industrial development of the state
11 Promote and establish companies or associations for OSCIPL
implementation of industries/ projects leading to development of
project
12 Develop, maintain, monitor and operate public transport systems OSCIPL
(both rail & road based) and infrastructure solely or through
concession agreement
13 Capable to identify, conceptualize, prioritize infrastructure OSCIPL
projects and approve Concessions
14 Co-ordinate with government department, agencies, local OSCIPL
authorities, etc” for development of infrastructure
15 Inspect, monitor, visit and review the progress of infrastructure OSCIPL
project
16 Ensure, provide and maintain civic amenities and services OSCIPL
17 Protection, preservation, conservation and upkeep of Environment OSCIPL
18 Protection, preservation, conservation and rehabilitation of OSCIPL
Historical Monuments (if any) & Buildings of Importance
19 Promote and encourage economic activities through marketing OSCIPL
initiatives
20 Implementation and monitoring of Environmental Clearance OSCIPL
Conditions for OSCIPL
21 Monitoring of Environmental Clearance Conditions for individual OSCIPL
projects
OSCIPL will be the Nodal Agency for the implementation of Orange Smart City with private
developers for execution of major infrastructure projects shall be formed. OSCIPL shall
comprise of several departments with responsibilities of providing the following functions:

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 Urban Planning And Design;

 Transport Planning;

 Engineering;

 Project Management;

 Environment And Conservation;

 General Administration;

 Finance And Accounts;

 Revenue And Sales;

 Legal And Internal Audits;

 Public Relations;

 Marketing;

 Maintenance And Civic Infrastructure; and

 Licensing

The following departments under OSCIPL formed will be responsible for the implementation
of the Environment Management Plan:
OSCIPL will constitute of an Environmental Management committee which will include all
the above mentioned departments under each industry formed for the project to implement
and monitor various aspects of environment management, including social issues.
The Environment Management committee for OSCIPL will comprise of:

9.2.1 Environment Cell

Comprising of all environment and public relations departments of all departments formed
under the project and headed by the OSCIPL Environmental Officer. The environment cell
will be responsible for:

 Periodic review of environmental status

 Implementation and maintenance of green buffer areas,

 Management of water bodies,

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 Review of STP operations

 Monitoring of collection and treatment of waste

 Compliance to conditions stipulated in Environmental clearances and consents

 Implementation of EMP

 Undertake awareness activities for industries and residential areas

9.2.2 Social Cell:

Undertake continuous engagement with local community
Address grievances of the industries, local community and residents
The Environment Management Committee (EMC) shall undertake the activities as discussed
below

9.3 Inspection, Monitoring & Audit

The Environment cell under the Environment Management Committee team will undertake
inspection and monitoring of the environmental management measures during construction
and operation phase activities in order to ensure the effectiveness of suggested mitigations.

OSCIPL through its Project Management department will ensure that all the contractors
comply with the requirements of conditions for all applicable permits and guidelines. The
inspections and audits will be undertaken by an Environment cell directly or through external
agencies/experts.
The inspection and audit findings will be implemented by the contractors in their respective
areas. The entire process of inspections and audits will be documented.
Monitoring of green buffer areas, eco protection zone and other delineated area will also be
undertaken by the Environment cell.

9.4 Reporting and Review

Reporting of environmental, health, safety and social performance reports or check list,
incident record register etc will be developed and implemented through a program of
reporting by the Environment Cell throughout the project.

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Reports from inspection, audits and other improvement program will be regularly
communicated to the Project management of each industry. The communication process will
involve regular team briefings, group meetings and meeting with stakeholders.
All contractors engaged will be required to adhere to the reporting requirements in terms of
timely report submission with required details. All complaints and enquiries will be
addressed with records maintained in an assigned register by the safety officer of each
contractor.
Internal and external reporting mechanism will be developed, internal reporting will comprise
of the Environment Cell, the representatives of the contractors and the top management of
OSCIPL while external reporting will comprise of the top management, other government
agencies and civil society.
The internal reporting will be undertaken on quarterly basis while the external reporting will
be undertaken of six monthly basis.

9.5 Record Keeping

OSCIPL will be required to keep records of all EHS (Environmental Health & Safety) and
social aspects, which will be documented and updated. Personnel will be identified to ensure
documentation with detail of responsibilities and training on documentation system.
Documents of key importance to be developed and controlled include:

 Standard Operation Procedures (SOP);

 Register on Legal Commitment;

 Incident Communication Report;

 Complaints register and Grievances

 Emergency Response Procedures;

 Training Records;

 Monitoring Reports and;

 Inspection and Auditing Reports

9.6 Social Aspects

The project will constitute a social department comprising of Public relation to undertake
various activities. The department will enable Redressal Mechanism managed by the
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Community Liaison Officer (CLO) to address all grievances through an established redressal
system. In case of disputes that cannot be internally resolved, the project will set up an
independent mechanism with representation from community, locally authority, other
stakeholders etc. to sort these conflicts. If there are issues beyond the authority of project
proponent or with legal implications then the administration will be approached. The project
will share information about these mechanisms to the local community. This grievance
mechanism will respond to the concerns and grievances of local families, NGOs, local bodies
and any other aggrieved party.
The Grievance Redressal procedure will provide an outline of the process and steps to be
taken along with the time limit within which the issue would need to be resolved to the
satisfaction of the complainant. The project will endeavor to get all complaints recorded and
addressed in a uniform and consistent manner.

9.7 Review and Amendments of EMP

This EMP shall be reviewed annually or as considered essential to incorporate any change in
the organization, process, or regulatory requirements. Following a review, amended EMP
will be communicated to all the staff.

9.8 Applicable Environment and Social Legislations

The details of the applicable environment and social legislations for OSCIPL and individual
projects to be taken up within Orange Smart City have been discussed briefly in

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Table 9-2

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Table 9-2 : Applicable Legislations

Act/ Notification Applicability for Orange Applicability for

Smart City Individual Projects
The Environment (Protection) OSCIPL shall restrict the Individual projects shall
Act, 1986 and Environment development of industries in ensure compliance with
(Protection) Rules 1986 the areas demarcated for the stipulated norms.
 Restrict or prohibit industries, conservation in the master
operations or processes in plan. OSCIPL shall also
specified areas; monitor activities of the
 Undertake environmental impact individual projects to ensure
assessment for certain categories compliance with the stipulated
of industries to inform the norms and rules.
decision making in approval of
new or expansion projects;
 Restrict or prohibit handling of
hazardous substances in
specified areas;
 Protect and improve the quality
of the environment and
prevention, control and
abatement of environmental
pollution
 Lay down standards for the
quality of the environment,
emissions or discharges of
environmental pollutants from
various sources;
 Lay down procedures and
safeguards for the prevention of
accidents, which may cause
environmental pollution
The Water (Prevention and OSCIPL in association with The individual projects
Control of Pollution) Act 1974 MPCB shall ensure that all the shall seek ‘Consent to
 Regulate the release/ discharge individual projects generating Establish/ Operate’ from
of wastewater/ effluent into the effluents have taken ‘Consent the MPCB
environment to Establish/ Operate’ under
Water Act from the MPCB
The Air (Prevention and Control OSCIPL in association with The individual projects
of Pollution) Act 1981 MPCB shall ensure that all the shall seek ‘Consent to
 Any process or activity resulting individual projects generating Establish/ Operate’ from
in release of contaminants to the air emissions have taken the MPCB
atmosphere requires a ‘Consent ‘Consent to Establish/
to Establish’ and/ or ‘Consent to Operate’ under Air Act from
Operate’ under the Air Act. the MPCB
Environment Impact The OSC falls under item 7(c) All individual projects
Assessment Notification, 2006 of the EIA notification and categorized as A or B
amended in 2009 requires environmental category project (if any)
 Lists out activities/projects clearance from the Ministry of as per the schedule of the
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Act/ Notification Applicability for Orange Applicability for

Smart City Individual Projects
requiring environmental Environment and Forests. EIA notification shall
clearance; OSCIPL shall also monitor obtain Environment
 The Schedule of the notification, that the individual projects do Clearance from MoEF/
categorizes projects/ activities as not start any construction SEIAA, Maharashtra.
A or B, based on their threshold activity prior to taking
and likely spatial extent of environmental clearance from
potential impacts on human MoEF
health and natural and manmade
resources
 Category A and B projects
require Environmental
Clearance from Ministry of
Environment and Forests
(MoEF) and State Environment
Impact Assessment Authorities
respectively
Municipal Solid Wastes OSCIPL shall ensure that the Not Applicable
(Management and Handling) collection, segregation,
Rules, 2000 storage, transportation,
 These rules apply to all processing and disposal of
Municipal Authorities municipal solid wastes for
responsible for collection, project is in compliance with
segregation, storage, the MSW rules, 2016
transportation, processing and
disposal of municipal solid
wastes.
Bio-Medical Waste OSCIPL shall ensure that the Individual projects
(Management and Handling) individual projects generating generating bio medical
Rules, 2016 and its amendments bio- medical wastes comply waste shall comply with
thereof with the Bio Medical Waste the Rules and shall take
 Applies to all waste generated Rules, 2016 approval from the
from the health care facilities MPCB.
including hospitals, nursing
homes and clinics
 Requires facilities to treat waste
at their own facilities or at a
common treatment facility.
 The rules also provide for the
category wise procedures for
segregation, packaging,
transportation, storage,
treatment and disposal of
wastes.
Hazardous Waste Management OSCIPL shall maintain the All individual projects
And Handling Rules 1998 and inventory of the hazardous generating hazardous
Other Wastes (Management and wastes generated from project wastes as specified in the
Transboundary Movement) and shall monitor that Schedule of the Rules,

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Act/ Notification Applicability for Orange Applicability for

Smart City Individual Projects
Rules, 2016 individual projects generating shall maintain inventories
 Enacted to ensure safe and hazardous wastes have of the hazardous waste
environmentally responsible obtained Authorization from generated, shall seek
storage, handling and disposal of MPCB. Authorization from
hazardous waste generated by MPCB, submit annual
industries reports to MPCB and
 Provides for proper storage and report any accident at
handling of chemicals site.

Central Ground Water The project does not fall in No individual projects
Authority Notification any of the areas notified by shall extract groundwater
 The Central Ground Water CGWA. OSCIPL shall and shall comply with the
Authority (CGWA) has notified however ensure that no ground rain water harvesting
43 areas for control and water is used by the individual requirements as per the
regulation of groundwater projects and shall make rain Development Control
 Requires registration of existing water harvesting mandatory Regulations (DCR)
ground water abstraction for all the projects.
structures
 No new tube well/ bore well to
be constructed without prior
approval of the Authority.
Permission is being granted to
the Government Agencies
involved in water supply,
schools/ institutes, and hospitals.
Noise Pollution (Regulation and OSCIPL shall ensure that All individual projects
Control) Rules, 2000 during the infrastructure shall take measures to
 Every operating facility is development, noise levels are meet the ambient noise
required to take all possible maintained within the level standards
steps to meet the ambient noise prescribed standards. prescribed in the Rules.
level standards prescribed in the
Rules.

9.9 Suggested Management and Monitoring Plans

Based on the findings of the Environmental Assessment management plans for mitigation,
monitoring and performance improvement measures for identified social and environmental
impacts has been prepared. The following plans are detailed in the following subsections:

 Environment Management Plan (EMP)

 Monitoring Action Plan (Environment)

 Disaster Management Plan (DMP)

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9.10 Environment Management Plan (EMP)

The Environment management plan lists out the mitigation measures and management
strategies for construction and operation phases of the proposed project. The proposed
mitigation measures have been prepared considering all possible strategies oriented towards
effective environmental management including pollution prevention and control, waste
minimization and management, and residual attenuation for the proposed project. The
environmental impacts and mitigation measures suggested for various environmental
components for the construction and operation phase of the project are provided in Table 9-3
and Table 9-4 respectively.

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Table 9-3 : Environmental Management Plan for Construction Phase

Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No.
1. Ambient Air  Emissions from  Suppression of fugitive dust emissions by spraying water, wetting Implementation by
Quality construction of the stockpile, Contractor and
equipments, vehicles  Proper maintenance of machines and vehicles. Supervision by
 Improper handling and  Contractors to maintain proper records for fleet engaged. OSCIPL
storage of construction  Dust control equipments such as bag house, or cyclone to be
material employed.
 Fugitive dust emissions  Limited vehicular movement to be permitted on disturbed soil.
 Emissions from onsite  Minimum possible drop height to be maintained while unloading
operation of diesel /screening of material.
generators  Stockpiling of excess fill material.
 Burning of waste at  Paved roads to be cleaned regularly and un-pave roads to be
labour facilities stabilized and watered regularly.
 Vehicle speed to be restricted to 15 km/h on unpaved roads.
 Covers and enclosures to be provided for loose construction
material at construction site.
 Trucks /dumpers engaged to be covered during off site
transportation.
 A minimum freeboard of six inches to be maintained by haul
trucks when material is transported on any paved road.
 Vehicles with valid Pollution under Control (PUC) certificate to
be engaged for project.
 Soil binders to be used for stabilizing sloping surfaces.
 Downwash of trucks to be undertaken prior to departure.
 Inactive disturbed surfaces to be sprinkled with water on daily
basis.
 Power supply for construction will be sourced from local
distribution company.
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No.
 Generators to be used only as backup source.
 Diesel generators to be optimally operated and regularly
maintained.
 Appropriate stack height as per the CPCB guidelines to be
provided for DG sets.
 LPG cylinders to be provided in labour canteens and use of fuel
wood to be discouraged.
 Open burning of waste shall not be permitted.
 Community kitchen to be promoted among subcontractors

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No.
2. Water  Change in topography  Water for construction phase to be sourced from existing sources Implementation by
Resources and and alteration of allocated to PP supplemented with authorized tanker supply. Contractor and
Quality drainage pattern  Optimal water conservation measures at labour facility sites along Supervision by
 Sediment run off from with adequate awareness programmers to be organized for the OSCIPL
construction area workers.
 Disposal of sewage from  Adequate number of toilets (at least 8-10 toilets per 100 labours)
construction camps with septic tanks and soak pits arrangements to be provided onsite.
 Contamination of  Random disposal of wastewater from labour facility to be
surface and groundwater restricted.
resources from sewage  Adequate drains and collection sumps to be provided around
and oil & grease campsites.
 Sludge from waste water treatment systems to be disposed off
properly.
 Regular removal of debris from construction site to be practiced.
 Secondary containment and bund shall be provided around
excavated soil or loose construction material.
 Storage area to be kept away from the storm water drain.
 Oil and grease containing effluents to be pre-treated before
discharge.
 Silt traps and bunds to be set-up around construction sites.
 Adequate slopes and drainage channels to be provided across the
project site.
 Rainwater harvesting opportunities to be explored and
implemented.

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No.
3. Landscape  Change in existing land  The 90% soil requirement will be fulfilled from cutting within the Implementation by
and use from agricultural to site and only 10% will be sourced from approved quarries. Contractor and
Topography mixed use (including  Excavated soil to be used in level raising; Supervision by
industrial and The construction contractors shall be instructed not to cut any tree. OSCIPL
residential) Greenarea and green buffers will be developed to improve the
 Change in topography landscape.
 Change in drainage  Diversion dykes to channel runoff to be constructed around the
pattern excavated site.
 Localized flooding and  Land surface contours to be restored in relation to the
related health issues due surroundings.
to decreased infiltration  Construction footprint will be well defined and construction work
to be carried out within the Project footprints only.
 Road corridor to be provided with adequate cross drainage.

4. Soil  Soil Erosion and  Top soil to be preserved and reused for landscaping purpose Implementation by
Resources compaction  Clearance of vegetative cover to be minimized to the extent Contractor and
 Soil contamination possible and redeveloped latter on. Supervision by
 Site grading and excavation to be undertaken during dry season. OSCIPL
 Dikes, berms, drainage swales or ditches to be provided to divert
surface run-off.
 A retention wall or bund to be provided around the storage areas
for excavated soil and other construction material.
 Completed earthworks to be sealed and/or re-vegetated at the
earliest with the help of landscape expert.
 Stacking of excavated soil material will be made only in
earmarked areas.
 Excavated soil to be used/ transported at the earliest for filling low

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No.
lying areas.
 Proper routing and adequate capacity of the storm water run-offs
drains to be provided.
 Movement and parking of heavy machinery and vehicles to be
restricted to identified area.
 Area used for parking purposes to be restored immediately after
completion of each project activity.
 All storage facilities to be designed with paved surface, provided
with covered shed and adequate containment facility at the
construction.
 All waste to be handled as per applicable regulations.
 Hazardous waste to be handled and disposed of in accordance with
the requirements of Hazardous waste management rules 2016
 Portable oil spill containment and cleanup equipment to be made
available at construction site and training for use of such
equipment to be imparted.
 Provision of covered bins at labour facilites
 Waste to be segregated in biodegradable and non-biodegradable
fraction.
 Biodegradable waste to be used for animal feed/ vermi-compost/
manure.
 Contaminated sand/ soil shall be prevented during construction
activities.
 Trainings to be imparted to all workers and subcontractors
regarding hazardous waste storage and disposal procedures.
 On completion of construction activities, septic tanks to be
abandoned and filled with earth.

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No.
5. Traffic and  Increased traffic volume  Wherever required temporary widening of roads to be undertaken. Implementation by
transport  Damage to existing  Traffic and heavy machinery movement schedule to be Contractor and
village roads communicated clearly to the local inhabitants. Prior consultation Supervision by
 Disruption of traffic and with local Police and local Panchayat to be undertaken. OSCIPL
increased cases of road  Providing dedicated path within the site for entry and exit of the
related hazards construction vehicles
 Roads damaged due to project vehicles will be continuously
repaired.
 Provision of adequate training to drivers.
 Dedicated parking area to be provided for project vehicles.
 Parking along footpaths, single lane roads shall be prohibited.
 Detailed plan for signage around the construction areas to be
prepared to facilitate traffic movement.
 Inventory of the vehicles used in project and construction
equipments along with their PUC’s to be maintained.
6. Ambient  Noise due to  Adequate planning to avoid high noise activities to be undertaken. Implementation by
Noise Quality Construction activities  Acoustic enclosures, noise barriers to be provided in areas of high Contractor and
(such as excavation, noise generating sources. Supervision by
grading, erecting  Rubber padding to be provided for vibration control OSCIPL
equipment, piling, etc)  Movement of vehicles during night time to be limited.
 Noise due to operation  Construction workers to use ear muffs in areas with potential for
of heavy equipment and high noise generation.
machinery  Regular maintenance of vehicles and repair of equipments.
 Movement of vehicles  Noise barriers will be provided between the activities and the
 Noise due to receptors.
construction equipment  Restriction on use of equipments generating high noise during
suich as Concrete night time.
Mixers and  Working hours and construction activities to be aligned and works
to be prohibited during night hours.
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No.
 Acoustical enclosures are strongly recommended with 30 dB
 Batching Plant Transmission Loss Rating for the Engine, to bring down the
SPL below 80 dB.
Contractor

The contractor should carefully choose the batching plant in order to

meet with the CPCB Norms. Contractor
 Hydraulic pumps and compressors should be covered with
Acoustical Enclosures with 20 dB Transmission Loss Rating
in order to reduce the noise.

 Valves should be covered with Removable Acoustical

Blankets.

 The contractor should choose controlled operating hours for

noisy activities such as delivery, loading unloading etc.

7. Socio-  Affected land losers to be considered for benefits like Implementation

Economic  Loss of existing village employment, contracts etc. and Supervision by
assets  Skilled and qualified entitled persons to be given preference in OSCIPL
 Loss of landholdings employment and other contractual benefits.
 Impact on livelihood of  Procurement of community land to be avoided to the extent
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No.
the villages possible and adequate buffer area to be retained around villages.
 Loss of livelihood
 Loss of Common
Property Resources
8. Labour Camp  Location of labour  Optimal water conservation measures at camp sites along Implementation by
Management camps with adequate awareness programmers to be organized for Contractor and
 Domestic solid waste the workers. Supervision by
generation  Adequate number of toilets (at least 8-10 toilets per 100 OSCIPL
 Firewood for cooking labors) with septic tanks and soak pits arrangements to be
and burning of garbage provided onsite.
 Indoor air quality issues  Random disposal of wastewater from labour colonies to be
 Waste water generation restricted.
 Health and hygiene  Adequate drains and collection sumps to be provided around
issue campsites.
 Regular removal of debris from construction site to be
practiced.
 Integrated solid waste management plan will be developed
for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of
waste.
 Workers to be provided with health and safety training.
 Safety measures, including use of temporary fall protection
and out edges of elevated work surfaces, such as hand rails
and toe boards to prevent materials from being dislodged
shall be done for workers while working at heights.
 First aid and essential medical services to be provided at site.
 Health Check-up: (Quarterly) :
 Personal protective equipments
 Creches for children:
 Medicines, detols and preliminary check up equipment/
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No.
materials:
 Site sanitation
 Emergency/Exigencies(Ambulance hire
basis+doctors+Hospitilization)
 Educational and Safety Awareness Program:(Audio-
visual)

9 Occupational  Injury due to improper  Manual transfer of heavy loads to be minimized by proper work Implementation by
Health and handling, operation and site layout. Contractor and
Safety execution  Good housekeeping practices to be exercised. Supervision by
 Trip and fall, inadequate
 Measures such as job rotations and stretch breaks to be adopted. OSCIPL
fall safe arrangements  Proper signage to be provided around construction site.
 Exposure to hazardous  Use of Personal Protection Equipment (PPEs) to be mandated at
substances work site.
 Workers to be provided with health and safety training.
 Use of temporary fall protection measures in scaffolds and out
edges of elevated work surfaces, such as hand rails and toe boards
to prevent materials from being dislodged shall be done.
 Safety harness to be ensured for workers while working at heights.
 First aid and essential medical services to be provided at site
10 Employment  Increased employment  Project to utilize the facilities available from the local market to Implementation by
and Local opportunities support the local economy to the extent possible. Contractor and
Economy  Contracting  Wherever possible, labour from local community will be Supervision by
opportunities for locals employed for project. OSCIPL
 Better avenues for Small
scale service providers

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Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No.
11 Ecology  Loss of trees and ground  Original soil profile shall be retained by storing each excavated Implementation by
vegetation layers separately and restoring it later. Contractor and
 Habitat destruction  Tree felling to be minimized to the extent possible. Contractors Supervision by
 Adverse impact on shall be instructed to practice the same. OSCIPL
wildlife due to noise,  Hunting activities will not be permitted within and around the
vehicle movement, delineated area.
poaching, illumination  Standard noise levels to be maintained during construction
 Increased turbidity and activities.
siltation  A ‘Local Ecological Monitoring Group’ will be setup to monitor
the environmental and ecological safeguard measures during
construction phase.
 No silt/waste to be allowed in the nearby waterbodies

The Environmental Management Plan during the operational phase is given in Table 9-4.

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Table 9-4 : Environmental Management Plan for Operational Phase

Sr. Component Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No. Identified
1. Ambient  Fugitive  Power demand has been estimated as a part of master plan and dedicated power Implementation
Air Quality emission from supply system has been planned for OSC. by individual
industrial  OSCIPL developed for overview of power supply shall ensure that the power industry and
processes failure is maintained at minimal. Supervision by
 Emissions from  Stack heights for backup DG sets to be maintained as per CPCB/MoEF norms. OSCIPL
increase in traffic  Comprehensive planning has been undertaken as a part of master plan
volume development to mitigate impacts due to industries.
 Emisisons from  Planning ensures that the proposed Industrial areas and existing residential lie in
the back up DG the upwind or cross wind direction.
sets  Residential areas have been separated from industries by the provision of suitable
buffers.
 Individual industries will be required to obtain adequate approvals such as
Consent to Establish / Consent to Operate or Environment Clearance from
MPCB / SEIAA / MoEF.
 All emission sources to be provided with adequate stack height as per CPCB /
MoEF norms.
 Low emission fuels to be used by industries.
 Air pollution control equipments to be employed by industries.
 Good housekeeping to be practiced.
 PP to organize seminars and Capacity Building training programmes about the
best practices in different industrial sectors.
 PP in association with the MPCB to regularly monitor the environmental
performance of the industries.
2 Ambient  Increase in noise  All habitations to have a suitable buffer area delineated around them. OSCIPL
Noise levels in  Vegetative barriers in form of green belt to be provided around all industrial
Quality residential areas areas.
and adjoining  All industrial operations to have acoustic enclosure and employ noise attenuation
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No. Identified
villages measures.
 Impact on  All roads and highways to be provided with vegetative barriers and barrier walls.
avifaunal species
due to increased
noise
 Movement of
vehicles  Diesel Generator Sets are supposed to have Sound Pressure Levels of lesser
 D.Gsets than 75 dBA when measured at 1 meter distance. However, when multiple DG
sets are supposed to be kept close to one another, a single Acoustical Enclosure
 Sewage combined for all the DG Sets is recommended with a minimum Transmission
Treatment Plant Loss Rating of 30 dBA.

 Exposure to high  STP consists of multiple of blowers and pumps, out of which blowers can
noise prone areas generate noise levels exceeding 100 dB. Acosutical Enclosures for STP
Blowers are strongly recommended, with 30 dB Transmission Loss Rating.

 All people working in the vicinity of the Equipment/Machinery with Sound

Pressure Levels higher than 90 dB should wear protective ear plugs to avoid
permanent hearing damage.

Other mitigation measures

Sound Reflective barriers to be installed at the boundary of the project site.
3. Water  Increase load on  Individual projects will have separate water meters and two inlet sources for use Supervision by
Resources fresh water of treated wastewater; OSCIPL
and Quality sources  3 Nos of STPs have been planned to treat the sewage from the Orange Smart
 Unplanned City
disposal of  Building and plumbing code to propose dual plumbing layout;
industrial waste  SCADA system to be implemented for monitoring leakages in the water
water generated conveyance system;

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Sr. Component Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No. Identified
and sewage  Providing training and education to the public on water conservation habits and
 Inadequate the value of drinking water;
management of  OSCIPL to organize information forums with industry/commercial owners;
storm water  To develop a risk management strategy to ensure water safety for the project
 Spills, leaks from affected areas;
industries,  Monitoring of Unaccounted Flow of Water and detection of leakage shall be
storage areas done;
 Contamination of  Improvement of management of water supply for integrated water supply
natural management system (IWSMS) using an information technology application;
 water resources  A reliable technical department to be formed for maintenance and quality control
and ground water shall be established;
aquifers  Domestic and industrial wastewater generated will be treated separately;
 An RWH Monitoring Cell to be formed which will be responsible for monitoring
safe recharge and extraction of ground water in OSCIPL.
 Areas for ground water recharge shall be identified and delineated; Rain water
harvesting tanks are proposed to conserve water (Details of cost given in
Annexure-2)
 Recharge pits are planned for ground water recharge (Details of cost given in
Annexure-2)
 Roof Top RWH shall be made mandatory for all residential, commercial and
industrial buildings and shall be monitored by the Cell periodically.
4. Solid Waste  Inadequate  Industries generating hazardous waste to comply with the requirements of Supervision by
Disposal collection and Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 and Hazardous and OSCIPL and
treatment of Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 implementation
domestic waste  OSCIPL for SWM- to undertake benchmarking as per Ministry of Urban by individual
 Unhygienic Development. industries
conditions, odour  Integrated solid waste management plan will be developed for collection,
problem transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.
 Localized  Facilities will be designed to cater to the requirements of horizon year
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Sr. Component Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No. Identified
flooding  Industries to contact hazardous waste management facility near Taloja for
 Contamination of disposal of their hazardous waste.
soil and  Biomedical waste to be managed in accordance with Bio-Medical Waste
groundwater (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 and The Bio-Medical Waste
 Improper Management Rules, 2016 .
disposal of  E waste to be sold to authorized recyclers.
sludge and  Recyclable waste to be collected separately and sold to authorized recyclers/
industrial waste vendors.

Sludge will be generated from the sewage treatment plants which will be de-
watered using filter press, dried and used for gardening purpose.

Further details can be referred in Annexure-11 titled “Concept Note on Solid

Waste Management”
5 Traffic  Increase in  The roads in general to be designed to carry the maximum traffic loads with OSCIPL with
Volume traffic flow anticipated future development and on a par with IRC (Indian Road Congress) RTO
 Increase in Standards;
private traffic  A well planned public transport infrastructure has been envisaged for the project;
volume  The proposed road circulation shall provide for safe and efficient movement of
 Traffic people;
congestion  Maintenance of systematic spatial and technical database for the roads which
 Irregular Parking would enable regular monitoring and feedback on road conditions thereby
managing effective periodic maintenance;
 Pedestrian Guard Rails, Road safety Signage and overhead signs shall be placed
wherever necessary;
 Road widths and lane configurations to be designed based on the modeling
exercise;
 High occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes shall be encouraged by differential toll
policy;

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Sr. Component Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No. Identified
 BRTS shall be adopted for traffic management, fleet operation, user information
and all other relevant parameters.
 Non motorized vehicles are encouraged
 Comprehensive traffic and travel surveys shall be conducted every 5 years to
monitor traffic characteristics and travel behavior to develop strategies for
effective transportation;
 Each individual project shall develop parking facilities as per the Development
Control Regulations.
 Each residential project to provide parking facilities as per applicable norms and
regulations.
 Sufficient Loading/unloading space to be provided.
6. Land use  Impacts on  During the master planning stage, detailed analysis has been undertaken to OSCIPL
Pattern existing delineate site for OSC and various site alternatives were examined and ranked to
human select the option based on socio-economic factors.
settlements  Adequate buffer has been provided around environmentally sensitive features
 Land use will  Industrial land use has not been proposed in proximity of the sensitive receptors.
change  All irrigation channels and surface bodies within delineated project area are to be
 Alteration in retained.
Topography  Fiscal measures to be undertaken to restrict unplanned development along the
and drainage peripheral areas.
pattern  To limit the development in the existing settlements, the Urban Planning
Department is to define the land use for these regions through the Master Plan
and limit the densities in these regions through the application of the local
applicable building bye laws.
7. Ecology  Impact on flora  As per master plan, no forest land is falling in the delineated area; Supervision by
and fauna of the  Only native and local species will be chosen for green area. OSCIPL and
adjoining green  Each industry shall follow the CPCB guidelines; implementation
areas  The project proponent will not allow illegal cutting of trees in the project area by by individual
 Illegal cutting of contractors /labourers working on the project site. industries
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Sr. Component Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No. Identified
trees.  Transmission lines and chimneys will be provided with optical markers to
 Bird kill enhance visibility for birds.
 Habitat  Only permissible activities shall be planned in the green buffer.
fragmentation  The fronts of river passing adjacent to the sites is planned as green area.
and loss

8. Socio-  Increased  OSCIPL and individual project to undertake CSR program to ensure communal OSCIPL
Economic employment and harmony and cooperation.
business  The project to put in place OSCIPL responsible for efficient management and
opportunities maintenance of infrastructure.
 Improvement in  Orange Smart city is willing to spend CSR money in providing skill
infrastructure development, clean and safe drinking water, sanitation facility, primary health
 Increased income care support in the near by villages. Furhter details are presented in Section 8.2
levels titled ‘ Socio –Economic Welfare Measures’ of the Chapter -8
 Stabilization of
the rural
economies
 Potential for
cultural conflict
 Unplanned
secondary
development in
the adjoining
areas

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9.11 Green Belt Development Plan

Introduction
The green belt development plan aims at overall improvement of the environmental
conditions of the Orange Smart City Project Site. The Greenbelt plan objectives are aimed at
addressing the following issues.
Mitigation of fugitive emissions from the site;
Prevention of land degradation due to construction activities such as mitigating soil erosion,
etc.;
Enhancing vegetation cover for increasing the biodiversity of the region and consequently
creating a noise barrier;
Maintaining and enhancing the ecological equilibrium of the area;
Enhancing the Aesthetic value of the area.

The green belt will also act as a barrier to the adjoining habitats and will have additional
environmental benefits. The plantation/greenbelt development proposed project area is 268
acres/ 108 Ha. Thus, plantation will be carried out on 268 acres/ 108 Ha @ of 1500 trees/ha,
which will be about 25% of the proposed project area. It is proposed to plan 1000 tree
saplings every year. Some trees shall be planted along road side in proposed industrial project
area. Development of green belt plantation within the industrial area along with plantations of
different species for the purpose of minimizing air pollution as well as landscaping other than
listed here. The list of recommended species for plantation is given in Table 9-5.

Table 9-5 : List of recommended species for plantation

Sr. Species/Local Spacin Important Evergreen/ Growth Rate

No. Name g features Deciduous
Trees for general green areas and also suitable for roadside/borders/avenue plantation
1 Ailanthus exelsa 3 x 3m Native Deciduous Quick growing
(Maharukh) species and
grows to the
height of
10-15m.
Have
medicinal
value. Large
tree, good
for roadside
plantation

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Sr. Species/Local Spacin Important Evergreen/ Growth Rate

No. Name g features Deciduous
2 Alstonia scholaris 3 x 3m Native Evergreen Moderately
(Satwin) species and growing
grows to the
height of
25m. Shady
Tree, white
fragrant
flowers
3 Albizia lebbeck 3 x 3m Shady tree, Briefly Quick growing
(Kala Shirish) yellowish Deciduous
green
fragrant
flowers
.Widely
used for
green belt
developmen
t. The tree
grows upto
18m-30m in
height.
4 Anthocephallus 3 x 3m Native Evergreen Quick growing
cadamba species and
(Kadamb) grows to the
height of
upto 35m
Large tree,
red flowers
5 Azadirachta indica 3 x 3m Native Evergreen Quick growing
(Neem) species and
grows to the
height of 8-
12m. Have
medicinal
value.
Large tree,
good for
roadside
plantation
6 Bauhinia racemosa 3 x 3m Small tree Deciduous Quick growing
(Apta) with small
white
flowers,
grows to the
height of
15-20m.
Butterfly
host plant

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Sr. Species/Local Spacin Important Evergreen/ Growth Rate

No. Name g features Deciduous
7 Bombax ceiba 3 x 3m Native Deciduous Quick growing
(Katesavar) species and
grows to the
height of
12-35m.
Large tree,
with
attractive
red flowers.
The flowers
attract many
birds to the
trees.
8 Butea Monosperma 3 x 3m Medium Moderately Deciduous
(Palas) sized growing
deciduous
tree.
Beautiful
orange
flowers,
Butterfly
host plant
Native
species and
grows to the
height of 6-
12m.
9 Pongamia pinnata 3 x 3m Medium Evergreen Quick growing
(Karanj) size tree, 3-
6 m tall.
Shady tree
usually
planted
along the
roads.
Seeds are
harvested
for its oil.
1 Ficus retusa 3 x 3m Native Moderately Evergreen
0 (Nandrukh) species growing
grows to the
height of
15m or
more taller.
Shady tree,
good for
roadside
plantation

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Sr. Species/Local Spacin Important Evergreen/ Growth Rate

No. Name g features Deciduous
Trees for beautification of the garden/building premises
1 Butea Monosperma 3 x 3m Medium Moderately Deciduous
1 (Palas) sized tree. growing
Beautiful
orange
flowers,
Butterfly
host plant
Native
species and
grows to the
height of 6-
12m.
1 Cassia fistula 3 x 3m Medium Deciduous Quick growing
2 Bahava) sized
deciduous
tree.
Beautiful
yellow
flowers,
Butterfly
host plant.
Grows to
the height
of upto 10m
to 12m in
height
1 Erythrina indica 3 x 3m Medium Deciduous Quick growing
3 (Pangara) sized
deciduous
tree. Bright
scarlet
flowers,
grows upto
6m to 9m in
height
1 Lagerstroemia flos- 3 x 3m State flower Evergreen Quick growing
4 regineae tree of
(Tamhan) Maharashtra
Medium
sized tree,
beautiful
purple
flowers
Grows to
the height
of upto 20m
1 Saraca asoka 3 x 3m Shady tree Evergreen Quick growing

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Sr. Species/Local Spacin Important Evergreen/ Growth Rate

No. Name g features Deciduous
5 (Sita Ashok) with red-
yellow
flowers
Grows to
the height
of 8-10m
1 Caryota urens 3 x 3m Medium Evergreen Quick growing
6 (Bhirla Mad) size Palm
tree upto
12m in
height
The sap
harvested
from this
palm is a
very
favorite
drink of
locals
1 Putranjiva A medium Evergreen Quick growing
7 roxburghii sized tree
with
drooping
branches
and grows
upto 12 m
in height
Shrubs
Species/Local Spacin Important Perennial/Annu Evergreen/Decidu
Name g features al os
1 Adhatoda vsasica 1 x 1m Native Perennial Evergreen
(Adulsa) species and
grows to the
height of
2.5m. Very
important
medicinal
plant in the
locality
2 Cassia auriculata 1 x 1m Native Perennial Evergreen
(Tarwad) species and
grows to the
height of 1
t0 1.5m
Have
medicinal
importance.
3 Plumbago 1 x 1m Native Perennial Evergreen

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Sr. Species/Local Spacin Important Evergreen/ Growth Rate

No. Name g features Deciduous
zeylanica species
(Chitrak) grows upto6
feet and
very
important
medicinal
plants for
the locals.
Beautiful
white
flowers
throughout
the year
4 Stachytarpheta indi 1 x 1m Native Perennial Evergreen
ca species and
grows to the
height of
2m. Yields
beautiful
blue
flowers.
5 Vitex negundo 1 x 1m Native Perennial Deciduous
(Nirgudi) species and
grows to the
height of 2
t0 8m
Commonly
grows near
water
bodies in
general.

Apart from the above tree species, some Indian fruit trees will also be planted in the green
belt.These trees may require longer duration of irrigation and maintenance. The list of these
tree species are given below in Table 9-6.

Table 9-6 : Recommended species for fruit tree plantation

Sr. Tree Species Spacing Features

No.
1. Mangifera indica 5 x 2m Reach 15-20 m in height, with a crown
(Amba/Mango) radius of 10 m.
2. Achras zapota 5 x 2m Native to India, a middle sized tree, the
(Chickoo/Sapota) average height is 12m.
3. Ziziphus mauritiana 5 x 2m Fast growing & hardy plant

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Sr. Tree Species Spacing Features

No.
(Bor)
4. Artocarpus 5 x 2m Fruit bearing tree of India. Grows upto
heterophyllus or 15m.
Artocarpus heterophylla
(Jackfruit/Phanas)
5. Syzygium cumini 5 x 2m Native Indian tree grows upto 20m.
(Jamun)

9.12 Cost of the mitigation measures

The cost of mitigation measures during the construction phase and the operation phase is
presented in Table 9-7 and Table 9-8. respectively

Table 9-7 : Cost of mitigation measures – Construction Phase

Sr. Parameter Timeline for Recurring cost per

No. implementation year (Rs. Lacs)
1. PPE Progressive 25
2. Site Sanitation Facility +Housekeeping Progressive 5.5
3. Drinking water facility Progressive 3.0
4. Solid Waste Management Progressive 4.5
5. Safety railing, platform, ladder, hoist, Progressive 6.0
Cranes+ education and safety
awareness programme etc.
7. Health Check+ Ambulance facility Progressive 4.0
+Crèche facility
8. Environmental Monitoring(Monitoring 2018 15.0
charges for air, water, waste water,
drinking water ,soil, DG stack, noise.)
9 Pollution Control – STP & Noise 2018 6.0
Control Measures
(Sound Reflective barriers) 5.0
Site barricading
10 Dust control measures by engagement 2018 10.0
of sprinklers
11 Storm water drains with silt traps and 2018 28
collection sump:
12 EMC 2018 6
Total Cost 118

Table 9-8 : Cost of mitigation measures- Operation Phase

S.No. Description Timeline for Capital O&M Cost

implementation Cost (lakhs) per
(Lakhs) annum

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1 Rain Water Harvesting 2018 -2024 50 5

2 Fire Fighting measures, Disaster 2018 -2024 1500 150

Management Kit , Well-equipped
Control Room , CCTV , Disaster
Management training to labours and
Security Staff, Mock Exercise , 2
way Public announcement system
3 Water supply system including WTP 2018 -2024 45000 2250
4 Sewerage System and Recycling 2018 -2024 35600 2101
System
5 Landscaping 2018 -2024 2000 400
6 Solid Waste Management 2018 -2024 4000 200
7 Information and Communication 2018 -2024 3300 330
Technology (ICT)
8 Energy saving 2018 -2024 1300 195

9 Traffic Management Plan 2018 -2024 500 50

Implementation
10 Pollution Control – STP & Noise 2018 -2024 24.2 38
Control Measures
Sound Reflective barriers,
Acoustical Enclosures for STP
Blowers
11 EM Cell -- Covered in 2
construction
phase
12 Ambient air quality sensors and 2018 -2024 100 10
display
Total 91374 5731

The expenditure shown in the Table-9.13 has been included in the project cost

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9.13 Environmental Management Cell

An Environmental Management Cell is proposed which will oversee the implementation of
environmental safeguards as proposed below:

Figure 9-1 : Structure of Environmental Management Cell

9.14 Responsibilities of the EMC personnel

Sr.No Personnel Responsibility

1. STP Operator  The supervisor shall visit and check the devices daily. He
will see that the STP is working properly and flow
measurements are recorded properly in a register.
 The effluent from the STP shall be got checked by him in
the Laboratory once a week. Any parameter going out of
the prescribed limits will be reported to the Environmental
Manager for taking corrective action. He will pursue the
matter at personal level to bring the parameters within
permissible limits.
 The Environmental Manager will keep in touch with the
Environmental Consultant and seek their guidance for
corrective action as and when required.
 The Committee shall meet once every month to ensure
implementation of the programme.
 The Environmental Manager will bring to the notice of the
Managing Director any further action to be taken to ensure
environmental requirements. The Managing Director will
report to the Board of Directors, the action taken to set right
deficiency, if any.
2. SWM  Maintain the records / inventory of the solid waste
personnel generated at the site for onward disposal to the MPCB
authorised vendor
 Interface with the SWM machinery vendor for the
maintenance of all the equipment related to the segregation
of the solid waste at site
 Supervise the segregation of the solid waste at the site.

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 Makes necessary field inspections to assure safe working

conditions and that established methods and policies are
followed.
 To ensure compliance with the Solid Waste Management
Rules 2016 and all the relevant statutes.
3. Lab Chemist  To analyse the samples collected for the environmental
components such as air, water,noise and soil.
 To maintain the records of the results of analysis
 To maintain the laboratory equipment in working condition.
 To identify the budgetary requirements for the upkeep of
the environmental laboratory.
 To oversee / supervise the environmental monitoring , if
outsourced to the MoEF/NABL accredited laboratory.
 To report the exceedance of the relevant parameters w,r.t
regulatory standards and bring it to the notice of the
Environmental Manager for corrective action.

4. RWH  To supervise the installation of the RWH systems by the

personnel contractor.
 To maintain the records of the results of rainwater
haervesting quantities.
 To supervise operation and maintenance of the rainwater
harvesting structures and to keep a log of the same
 To monitor the implementation of the RWH measures by
individual industries.

5. Safety Officer  To periodically review and update the Disaster

Management Plan of the Orange Smart City
 To keep a log / checklist of the potential accidents that may
occur
 To conduct mock drills with the safety heads of the
individual industries
 To ensure that the individual industries have an EHS plan in
place along with necessary measures to counter
emergencies

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Chapter 10. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

10.1 BUILDING ENVIRONMENT INDIA PVT LTD (AUGUST 2013)
This report is released for the purpose of obtaining Environment clearance for project, under
the provision of EIA notification dated 14th September 2006, of Orange Smart City.
Information provided (unless attributed to referenced third parties) is otherwise copyrighted
and shall not be used for any other purpose without the written consent of Building
Environment India Pvt Ltd.

Report Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan

Report
Project Details
Name of Orange Smart City, Pen, Raigad.
the Report EIA / EMP Report for Integrated Industrial Township of “Orange Smart City”
Client Orange Smart City Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd.
Prepared Building Environment India Pvt Ltd.
by
Project Report No Version 00 Released December
Number Date 10
Contact Details
Building Environment India Pvt Ltd,
Dakshina Building, Office No-401,4th Floor,
Beside Raigad Bhavan | Sakal Bhavan Rd,
Sector 11 | CBD Belapur,
Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400614
Tel. No. : 91-22-41237073
[email protected]
NABET Accreditation NO. – 69th MOM, 7 February 2012
EC TOR Issued:
Applicatio
n
Reference
Document ToR issued vide 151st meeting of Expert Appraisal Committee for projects
related to Infrastructure Development, Coastal Regulation Zone,
Building/Construction and Miscellaneous projects held on 7th – 9th September,
2015
Issue Order
Date Building Environment India Pvt Ltd. OSCIPL
Originated by Checked and Approved Checked by Approved
by by
Name Signature Name Signature Name Signature
Mr. Vivek H Kolatkar Shishir Rai
Kulkarni
Disclaimer
Building Environment India Pvt Ltd. has taken all reasonable precaution in the preparation of this
report as per its auditable quality plan. Building Environment India Pvt Ltd. also believes that the

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facts presented in the report are accurate as on the date it was written. However, it is impossible to
dismiss absolutely, the possibility of errors or omissions. Building Environment India Pvt Ltd.
therefore specifically disclaims any liability resulting from the use or application of the information
contained in this report. The information is not intended to serve as legal advice related to the
individual situation.

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Project Teams

Nature of Work Person Responsible (s) Name of the person(s) responsible

Issue of List of Project manager Mr. Kapil Awtani
requirements, draft of
covering letter &
undertaking to Client
Site Visit EIA Coordinator Mr. Hrushikesh Kolatkar
Associate EC Mr. Vivek Kulkarni
Project Manager and FAEs Mr. Kapil Awtani
Mr. Hrushikesh Kolatkar
Dr. Ajay Ojha
Mr. Rishabh Sharma
Mr. Chintan Athalye
Mr. Shrivallabh kothe
Ms. Shraddha Gathe
Dr. Sandhya Clemente
Mr. Vivek Kulkarni
Mr.S.L Bonde
Ms. Rujwi Dawe
Mr.Vivek Kulkarni
As per terms of reference All FAEs (In-house& Empanelled ) each for the below given respective
given in MoEF EIA functional area
manual, the baseline data AREA FAE AFAE / Team
generation for different Member
environmental Land Use Mr. Hrushikesh Kolatkar TM - Mr. Kedarnath
parameters Rao Ghorpade
Air AP Dr. Ajay Ojha TM - Ms. Priyanka
Naikodi
AQ Mr. Rishabh Sharma TM - Mr. Kapil awtani
Noise Mr. Chintan Athalye ---
Water Dr. Ajay Ojha TM - Ms.Suvidha Patil
Geology Mr. Shrivallabh kothe TM - Mr. Ashok
Bandgar

Hydrogeology Mr. Shrivallabh kothe TM - Mr. Pratik

Deshpande
Soil Ms. Shradha Gathe TM - Mr.Pravin Gathe
Conservation
Risk & Hazard Mr.S.L.Bondhe TM - Ms. Ketaki Patil
Assessment
Solid Waste MSW: Dr. Ajay Ojha TM - Dr. Sandhya
Management Clemente
TM-Ms.Suvidha Patil
SHW: Ms. Rujwi Dawe
Ecology & Mr.Vivek Kulkarni TM - Ms. Nimisha
Biodiversity Dr. Sandhya Clemente Ghorpade
Socioeconomic Mr. Hrushikesh Kolatkar TM - Mr. Kedarnath
rao Ghorpade
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Preparation of EIA report

Originator Dr. Prajakta Checker Mr. Hrushikesh
Kulkarni Kolatkar
Mr. Kapil Awtani
Approval of Report QC Rep Dr. Sandhya Clemente
Client Orange Smart City Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd.
Mr. Shishir Rai
Designation: Project Head

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Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA/ EMP of Orange Smart City project at Pen
,District Raigad
I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed
the above EIA.

EIA Coordinator:
Name Mr. Hrushikesh Kolatkar
Signature and Date

10.01.2016

Period of Involvement January 2015 till date

Contact Information Address Contact Number
Building Environment India Pvt Tel. No.: 91-22-
Ltd, 41237073
Dakshina Building, Office No- [email protected]
401,4th Floor,
Beside Raigad Bhavan | Sakal
Bhavan Rd,
Sector 11 | CBD Belapur,
Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra
400614

Functional Area Expert:

Functional FAE FAA TEAM MEMBER Remark
Area
Land Use Mr. Hrushikesh Kolatkar ----- Mr. Kedarnath Rao
Ghorpade
Air AP Dr. Ajay Ojha ----- Ms. Priyanka Naikodi
AQ Mr. Rishabh Sharma ----- Mr. Kapil awtani
Noise Mr. Rishabh Sharma ----- ---

Water Dr. Prajakta Kulkarni ----- Ms. Suvidha Patil

Geology Mr. Shrivallabh kothe ----- Mr. Ashok Bandgar
Hydrogeology Mr. Shrivallabh kothe ----- Mr. Pratik Deshpande
Soil Ms. Shradha Gathe ----- Mr. Pravin Gathe
Conservation
Ecology & Dr. Prajakta Kulkarni ----- Ms. Nimisha Ghorpade
Biodiversity Mr. Vivek Kulkarni
Risk & Hazard Mr. Bondhe ----- Ms. Ketaki Patil

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Assessment
Solid Waste & Dr. Prajakta Kulkarni ----- Dr. Sandhya Clemente
Hazardous Ms.Suvidha Patil
Waste
Socioeconomic Mr. Hrushikesh Kolatkar ---- Mr. Kedarnath rao
Ghorpade
Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization:

I, Hrushikesh Kolatkar, hereby confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the “EIA/
EMP Report for Industrial Integrated Township titled ‘Orange Smart City’ . I also confirm
that I shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.

Signature:

Name: Hrushikesh Kolatkar

Designation: Managing Director
Name of EIA Consultant Organization: Building Environment India Pvt Ltd.

NABET RA Certificate Number & Issue Date: Certificate No. NABET/RA/1518/RA 020
dated 6TH April 2016 valid till Nov 25, 2018

Functional Area Code Details:

Sr. No. Functional Area Code Complete Name of Functional Area

1 LU Land Use
2 AP Air Pollution Prevention, Monitoring & Control
3 AQ Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction
4 WP Water Pollution Prevention, Control & Prediction of Impacts
5 EB Ecology & Biodiversity
6 NV Noise &Vibration
7 SE Socio- Economic Aspects
8 HG Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation
9 GEO Geology
10 SC Soil Conservation
451
ORANGE SMART CITY INFRASTRUCTURE PVT. LTD.
 Executive Summary of Environmental Impact Assessment
Report of Orange Smart City, Pen Taluka, Raigad District

SUBMITTED TO

EXPERT APPRAISAL COMMITTEE (MoEF & CC) ,Delhi

PROJECT PROPONENT : ORANGE SMART CITY INFRASTRUCTURE PVT.
LTD.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT : BUILDING ENVIRONMENT (INDIA) PVT.

LTD.

FEBRUARY 2018
Executive Summary Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)

1.0 Project Context

The ‘Orange Smart City Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd.’ (OSCIPL), a public registered company
intends to develop ‘Orange Smart City’ (OSC) as an integrated industrial area over 1072.38
acres of land in Pen Taluka, District Raigad of Maharashtra. The land is spread over four land
parcels located in close proximity adjacent to the NH 17 and SH 87 i.e Pen-Khopoli Road and
close to River Bhogeshwari and River Balganga. The nearest railway station is Pen situated
on the Panvel - Roha route of Central Railway. The Project will have Industrial (less
polluting), Residential & Commercial clusters with state-of-the-art infrastructure and globally
benchmarked smart features. The project development envisages Indian and foreign
investments over a period of 15 years, creating a total built-up area of 93.09 million square
feet of industrial, residential and commercial space. The project also aims to become home to
a population of approximately three lakhs and create job opportunities for approximately 1.5
lakhs skilled and unskilled professionals.

2.0 Project Opportunities

The site falls within two planning areas namely Raigad Regional Plan boundary
(approximately 900 acres) and Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) Development Authority
(– approximately 100 acres) limits. The project site spread across over 1072.38 acres of land,
is closely clustered at four locations i.e. Site T1; T2; T3 & T4. The site parcels are located in
close proximity to India’s financial capital, Mumbai. The project boundary is linear irregular
shaped clustered around four land parcels that fall within the Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor (DMIC) influence zone. The site cluster is well connected and is in close proximity
of the Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT), the well-developed urban center of Navi Mumbai, the
proposed Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link (MTHL) and the proposed Navi Mumbai International
Airport (NMIA). The Project topography is generally flat and with gentle gradient with
moderate undulations with an average contour of about 200 mtrs. The Project is located at a
travel distance of about 45 km from South Mumbai via proposed Mumbai Trans Harbour Link
and 25 km distance from new proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport. The proposed
Project is envisaged to become a ‘City of Opportunity’ that prides in providing ‘Smart
services for all, Employment for all & Accommodation’ (SEA) for all. The Project is planned
on the 3P principle – People, Planet and Profit; to effectively address the Social, Economic &
Environmental concerns. The Project will comprise of residential area, industrial, and
commercial land use and will also have basic provisions of city infrastructures viz; roads,
amenities, bridges, water supply infrastructure, wastewater infrastructure etc.

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3.0 Project Salient Features

The salient features of the project are given in Table-1.1
Table-1.1: Project Salient Features
Sr.No Particulars Details /Values
1 Name of the project Orange Smart City
2 Location Pen, Raigad
3 Total site area 1072.38 acres (4339767.89 sq.m)
4 Total Built Up Area 8.64 million sq.m
5 Category as per EIA Notification 2006 Industrial Estate – 7(c)
6. Type of industries Logistics, Engineering, Agro,
Electronics and Semi-Conductor, Life
Sciences, Information technology,
Gems and Jewellery, & Research and
Development and these industries are
less polluting.
7 Industrial Built Up Area 1821828.61 sq.m
8 Commercial Built Up area 2505594.98 sq.m
9 Residential Area 4188998.07 sq. m.
10 Green Area 267.87 Acres (1084031.43 sq.m)
11 Amenities / Utilities 24154.79 sq.m
12. Estimated Population 3,00,000 nos
13 Estimated Employment Opportunities 153923
14. Project cost Rs. INR 2032 crores (+ INR 2000 Crores
land cost)
15 Source of Power Maharashtra State Electricity
Distribution Company Ltd.
(MSEDCL)
16 Power requirement -
Construction Phase - 5 MVA
Operation Phase - 353 MVA
17 Source of Water Hetwane Dam
18 Water requirement
Construction Phase 45 CMD

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Sr.No Particulars Details /Values

Operation Phase 62 MLD
19 Wastewater Generated
Construction Phase - 36 CMD
Operation Phase - 46 MLD
20 Solid waste Generation :
Solid waste from residential areas 111 TPD
Solid waste from industrial areas 10 TPD

4.0 Alternative Site Selection and Evaluation

The following three sites in Raigad District were considered and evaluated:
a) Tarankhop Ramraj and Dhavate
b) Meleghar and Kashmire
c) Borgaon, Shene, Virani, Belavade, Walak, Mugoshi, Govirle & Hamrapur

The comparison of the three alternative sites considered on the various key parameters
is presented below in Table-1.2 :

Table-1.2: Comparative statement of alternative sites

Sr. Aspect Site – 1 Site – 2 Site – 3
No Tarankhop & Meleghar & Borgaon, Virani,
Ramraj Kashmire Shene, Ambeghar,
Belawade, Khurd,
Belawade Budruk,
Mungeshi, Govirle
1. Connectivity From state Highway Access from ODR 28 Very good multi point
and indirectly from of Pen Tehsil access on National
National Highway Required ROB on Highway and State
Railway for access Highway.
from NH-17 Also feasible to have
railhead and water
transport connect near
Hamrapur.

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Sr. Aspect Site – 1 Site – 2 Site – 3

No Tarankhop & Meleghar & Borgaon, Virani,
Ramraj Kashmire Shene, Ambeghar,
Belawade, Khurd,
Belawade Budruk,
Mungeshi, Govirle
2. Terrain Plain Plain Plain land with gentle
Slopes
3. Availability 50% Irrigated and 80% Irrigated and Barren Waste land
of Land 50% Fallow Land. 20% Non-irrigated suitable for industrial
Hence more development.
agricultural land will
be used for the
project
4. Cost High Unaffordable Relatively affordable
5. Water Water can be Only Hetwane Dam Water can be available
Availability available from is nearest water from Hetwane Dam
Hetwane Dam source One more water source
required for T4 & T3
6. Manpower Good Moderate Good
Availability
7. Proximity to Proximity to the Proximity to the Proximity to the
JNPT proposed MTHL & proposed MTHL & proposed MTHL &
JNPT within 30 to 35 JNPT within 30 to 35 JNPT within 25 to 30
km respectively km respectively Km respectively

Based on the comparative evaluation of the three identified sites, it was decided that the third
location covering villages Borgaon, Virani, Shene, Ambeghar, Belawade, Khurd, Belawade
Budruk, Mungeshi, Govirle was highly suitable for locating the OSC at the current location.

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5.0 Proposed Land Use

The Project layout has been designed to keep the industrial, residential and commercial
activity in relatively distinct zones though the industrial activity is less- polluting falling in 7
(C) category. As per the design layout the Project is in four predominant land use zones details
of which are presented in Table-1.3

Table-1.3: Details of the land use-parcel wise

Sr. Land Physiography Type of Proposed Use Total Affected Percen

No Use site area area in tage
Zone (Acres) acres
1. T1 Gentle Slope Predominantly 723.33 173 24%
Industrial with low
Residential and
Commercial Land Use
2. T2 Plain open Predominantly 102.63 - -
land Industrial with low
Residential and
Commercial Land Use
3. T3 Partially Predominantly 113.23 16 14%
impacted by Residential and
CRZ -III Commercial
4. T4 Plan open land Predominantly 133.19 - -
Residential and
Commercial
Total project area 1072.38 189 18%

The project area is currently undeveloped or underdeveloped. All the four land parcels are
vacant, dry barren without any vegetative growth or manmade structures. As per the proposed
development, out of the total land use, nearly 57 percent planned for Industrial, Residential
and Commercial purpose and 6 percent for Amenities / Utilities / Facilities, together which
forms 63 percent of the total project area. Balance 37 percent is proposed for major roads and
Undevelopable / Green / Open Space. Part of the T3 land parcel (approximately 38 acres out

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of 113 acres in T3) comes under CRZ-III limit which will be used for activities permissible
in CRZ-III areas.
The details of the land spread over four locations is shown in Table-1.4
Table-1.4 : Details of the existing land
Site Name of Village Area in Acres
T1 Borgaon, Shene, Ambeghar and Virani 723.33
T2 Belawade Budruk 102.63
T3 Balawali, Govirle, Kopar, Ambiwali and Hamrapur 113.23
T4 Mungoshi, Walak, Ambeghar, Belawade-Khurda, Padale and 133.19
Belawade Budruk
Total Area 1072.38

The area between the bridge on the Bhogeshwari river (100m from the project site) and the
irrigation canal leading to Hetwane Dam (300 m from the project site) is proposed to be
developed as a golf course which will compatible to the proposed land use. It is also to be
noted that the proposed Balganga project is located at a distance of 1.82 km from the T4 land
parcel.

The proposed land use distribution of the Project is shown in Table-1.5

Table-1.5: Proposed Land Use Distribution

Land use Area in Acres Percentage

Industrial 390.00 36%

Commercial Area 88.43 8%
Residential Area 138.23 13%
Major Roads 128.86 12%
Undevelopable/Green/Open 267.87 25%
Amenities/Utilities / Facilities 58.99 6%
Total 1072.38 100

6.0 Description of the Environment

The baseline environmental status was studied for the following components:

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a) Meteorology
b) Air Quality
c) Noise Quality
d) Water Quality
e) Soil Quality
f) Ecology and
g) Socio-Economic component
The salient findings / interpretation of each of the components is given below:

A. Meteorology
An onsite meteorological station was installed to study wind speed, wind direction and
temperature during the period from March 2016 to May 2016. The predominant wind
direction during the period was from the West –North West quadrant. The findings are
summarised in Table-1.6

Table-1.6 : Synopsis of onsite meteorological data

Month Wind speed (m/sec) Temperature (0C)

Max Min Avg Max Min Avg
March -2016 5.5 0 1.25 39.1 18 26.8
April-2016 6 0 1.6 36 20.9 27.7
May -2016 4.6 0 1.57 34 23.4 29.4

The onsite meteorological data was compared with data from the nearest India
Meteorological Department (IMD) station Murud. The predominant wind direction as
per the IMD Murud station is from the West –North West quadrant. The summary of
the IMD data is presented in Table-1.7

Table-1.7: Synopsis of the IMD Murud data (March 2014 to May 2014)

Month Wind speed Temperature (0C)

(m/sec)
Max Min Avg Max Min Avg
March -2014 4.1 0 1.2 38.6 17.8 27

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Month Wind speed Temperature (0C)

(m/sec)
Max Min Avg Max Min Avg
April-2014 3.9 0 1.4 36.6 19.2 27.7
May -2014 4.6 0 1.5 34.3 23.8 29.6

The onsite meteorological data is in general agreement with the IMD Murud data. The
minor differences are observed due to the difference in the period of recording.

B. Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality was recorded at the 14 stations. The air quality was recorded w.r.t.
the following parameters:
i. Particulate Matter less than 10µm (PM10)
ii. Particulate Matter less than 2.5µm (PM2.5)
iii. Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
iv. Oxides of nitrogen (NO2)
v. Carbon monoxide (CO)
vi. Hydrocarbon (HC)
vii. Volatile Organic Compounds (VoC)

The maximum 24 hourly values of the PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx were found to be within
the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) limit. The CO levels were also
found to be within the NAAQS limit of 2 mg/m3 for 8 hours. The Hydrocarbons and
the VOCs were found to be below detectable limit throughout the monitoring period.

C. Noise Quality

The noise quality was recorded at 11 locations. The noise levels (Leq) observed during
daytime in residential zone is in the range of 42.5 (Crosswind of T-3 at Kopar village) to
43.9 dB (A) (Upwind of T-1 Wirani Village) while during nighttime it is 32.5 (Downwind
of T-4 at Mungoshi Village) to 33.8 dB (A) (Downwind of T-3 at Jite. village).The results
reflect that the Leq (day) and Leq (night) was within the limits stipulated by Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

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D. Water Quality

The ground water quality and the surface water quality was recorded at 6 stations and 8
surface monitoring locations. The ground water quality parameters were analysed are per
IS 10500. The ground water results reflect that the calcium slightly exceeds the desirable
limit of 75 mg/lit. The surface water quality parameters reflect that the water is chemically
and bacteriologically non-potable at three locations while it is potable at remaining five
locations.

E. Soil Quality
The soil quality was recorded at 8 locations. The results indicate that the texture was
mostly clay and clay loam. The range of micronutrients reflect that the soil has good
fertility level and fulfils the minimum nutrient requirement for growth of plants.

F. Ecology and Biodiversity

An elaborate ecology and biodiversity study was conducted within the impact zone (10-
15 km radius) of the project site. The conclusions of the study are given below:

i. The project site does fall in the Western Ghats but is devoid of any Ecologically
Sensitive Areas (ESA) as the entire project site is in "PEN" taluka and Pen taluka does
not come under ESA as per the Report of the Western Ghats Ecology Panel under
chairmanship of Prof Mahdav Gadgil, Report of the High Level Working Group on
Western Ghats under chairmanship of Dr. K. Kasturiragan and the second draft
notification no. S.O 2435(E) dated 4th September 2015 issued by the MoEF&CC.
However there are some villages notified as ESA and are within the 15 km radius
buffer zone of the project which are enlisted in the Table-1.8

Table-1.8: Villages in the 15 km radius of Orange Smart City notified as Ecological

Sensitive Area
Sr. Taluka Village Distance from the project
no. boundary (km)
1. Sudhagarh Tadgaon 8.6
Uddhar 12
2. Khalapur Karambeli 10.97

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Talavali 11.54
3. Roha Palas 12.32
Kondgaon 12.8

i. The project site is outside any recorded forest areas. The landscape features
include flatlands with a gentle gradient and scrublands in the region.

ii. In the project site, no formal logging of wood and other such activities were
observed, however the exploitation of the forest resources by nearby villagers and
local communities was evident in the surroundings of the project site. The tell-
tale marks of forests fire were also visible near two locations viz. Chirner and
Palas village.

a) Flora
i. By and large the habitat is prevalent with evergreen and deciduous foliage.
ii. Amongst the locations surveyed, it was observed that many of the sites have
localised biological diversity with variety of evergreen tree species as well as
shrub layer.
iii. The development activities may result in clearing of plant species mostly
grasses and shrubs which are not unique or rare species because of their
abundant occurrence in other areas. Thus, the loss of these species would have
no serious ecological consequences.

b) Fauna
However, the project area could be home to general avifaunal species which are
widespread and therefore any loss of habitat may not lead to any major loss in species
numbers or diversity. Generally the concerns of non-recorded species do exists
although it may be on a smaller scale owing to their non-sighting in the three-day
sampling period between Dec 16-18, 2015.

c) Endangered Species
The study area does not have recorded presence of any critically threatened species. It
was noted that many of the floral species found during the monsoon season especially
grasses and herbs are not found in the majority of the dry season of the year.

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G. Socio –Economic Profile of the study area

The socio-economic baseline environment is described with respect to the various
parameters are as given below:

i. Demographic profile

According to the 2011 Census data, population in the total study area was 364915
living in 84345 households whereas the villages population in the project area was
11187 persons that is about 3% of the total study area population and the population
of all the rural villages within the 15 km radius of the study area

ii. Social Groups

The proportion of Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) population
within the project study area is on an average 3.0% and 15.3% respectively. The
proportion of SC population in affected villages is merely 0.8% found only in 13
villages, which is less than other rural villages (2.2%) and urban centres (4.9%) in the
study area. Whereas the proportions of ST population for villages within the project
area is (43.9%), which together constitutes to 44.7% which is much higher than the
other rural villages (21.9%) & urban areas (18.3%)

iii. Sex Ratio

According to 2011 census, sex ratio in the total study area was found to be 953 while
in the affected villages was found to be 972. The sex ratio in the villages other than
the affected villages was found to be 957.
It is important to note that, literacy rate for male and female in project affected villages
is 57% and 43% respectively which indicates that the literate male population is more
than the female literate population.

iv. Vulnerability

As regards vulnerability, poverty is actually a reason for making any section of a

population vulnerable. The data for families below poverty line for the all the villages
in study area is not available. However based on the studies in other areas of
Maharashtra, most of the SC and ST families can be considered as the vulnerable

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group which constitutes about 45% of the total population in the project affected
villages in addition to any other BPL families in the region.
A primary baseline survey was also conducted by BEIPL and the details can be
referred in the EIA study report.

v. Consultation with the villagers

The minutes of the consultation with the villagers in the affected area is given below
in Table-1.9 below .

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Table-1.9 : Minutes of the consultation with the villagers

Date of Visit 20/10/2015
Venue : Project Site
Client BEIPL : Mr. Hrushikesh Kolatkar
Client : Representative from Client

Village Name Kopar village Belawade village Ambeghar village

Discussion Points:

Key points of The village has school only for Primary The village has a total of 328 houses The village Ambeghar has 427 houses. The
the meeting level and for Middle and high school The school in the village is only up village has relatively large population. It can
were students have to go to Jambhul tep, Pen. to eight class. For studies after eight, be seen that the village is well connected by
There is no primary health center students have to go to Pen. road.
facility. For critical health related There is a private clinic of a The village has Government school up to 8th
matters, Pen is the nearest place. Physician in the village. The nearest standard. For studies after eight, students have
Rain water and Dug-well are the main government primary health center is to go to Pen.
sources of irrigation. For domestic use, at Pen village. There is a private doctor in the village. The
Dug-well and Hand pumps are the Most of the village land is rain fed nearest government primary health center is at
sources. for agriculture purpose. For the Pen.
Most of the people in the village are domestic use well and hand pumps Most of the village land is irrigated through
engaged in agriculture, dairy. Rice and are the sources. dug-wells and tube wells.
seasonal vegetables are cultivated by

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the people. Most of the seasonal People of the village in general are For domestic use, dug-wells and hand pumps
vegetables grown are sold in Pen and engaged in agriculture, dairy and are the sources of water for villagers.
Navi Mumbai. Almost each family has daily wage labourers. Rice and People of the village in general are engaged in
cows or buffaloes to supplement their seasonal vegetables are cultivated agriculture, dairy and wage labour. Main
income by selling milk. There are also by the people. Seasonal vegetable crops is rice and seasonal vegetables are also
people who are engaged as daily wage grown are sold in nearby urban cultivated. Some families are fully into
labourers in agriculture and areas. vegetable cultivation which is a main source
construction activity in nearby urban Almost each family has cows or of income.
areas. buffaloes to supplement their In addition to agriculture, the other two main
Women in general support the family by income. occupation for earning for the locals is dairy
engaging in agriculture and dairy About half the male population of and wage labour. Almost each family has
activity & household chores. village is engaged in construction cows or buffaloes to supplement their income.
activity in nearby urban areas. Most of the male population of villages is
The education level is generally low engaged in construction and factories in Pen
among the villagers as wage labor.
Women in general support the The education level is generally low among
family with household chores. In the villagers.
addition, women are also involved Women in general support the family with
in agriculture and dairy activity of household chores. In addition, women are also
family. involved in agriculture and dairy activity of
family.

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Key People are aware about the project and People are aware about the project People are aware about the project and have a
observations have a very positive opinion on the and have a very positive opinion on very positive opinion on the project.
and issues: project. the project. People expect the project would bring
People expect the project would bring People expect the project would development in their villages and would open
development in their villages and would bring development in their villages up opportunity of employment and other
open up opportunity of employment and and would open up opportunity of business avenues
other business avenues employment and other business People were keen to know when the project
People were keen to know when the avenues would start and what kind of factories will
project would start and what kind of People were keen to know when the come up
factories will come up. project would start and what kind of People also expect the project to give
People also expect the project to give factories will come up preference to local in employment
preference to local in employment People also expect the project to In project construction phase the locals can be
Unemployment and lack of opportunity give preference to local in good source of construction labour as they are
is evident in the village. employment already in to that activities currently.
In project during the construction There is large scale unemployment reported
phase the locals can be good source during the survey
of construction labour as they are
already in to that activities currently.

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7.0 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures during construction phase along with responsibility of implementation and cost
are tabulated below:
Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility
No.
1. Ambient Air Emissions from Suppression of fugitive dust emissions by spraying water, Implementation
Quality construction wetting of the stockpile, by Contractor and
equipment, vehicles  Proper maintenance of machines and vehicles. Supervision by
 Improper handling Contractors to maintain proper records for fleet engaged. OSCIPL
and storage of Dust control equipment such as bag house, or cyclone to
construction be employed.
material  Limited vehicular movement to be permitted on disturbed
 Fugitive dust soil.
emissions  Minimum possible drop height to be maintained while
 Emissions from unloading /screening of material.
onsite operation of Stockpiling of excess fill material.
diesel generators  Paved roads to be cleaned regularly and un-pave roads to
 Burning of waste at be stabilized and watered regularly.
camp sites  Vehicle speed to be restricted to 25 km/h on unpaved
roads.
 Covers and enclosures to be provided for loose
construction material at construction site.

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Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No.
 Trucks /dumpers engaged to be covered during off site
transportation.
 A minimum freeboard of six inches to be maintained by
haul trucks when material is transported on any paved
road.
 Vehicles with valid Pollution under Control (PUC)
certificate to be engaged for project.
 Upwind fencing to be projects.
 Soil binders to be used for stabilizing sloping surfaces.
 Downwash of trucks to be undertaken prior to departure.
 Inactive disturbed surfaces to be sprinkled with water on
daily basis.
 Power supply for construction will be sourced from local
distribution company.
 Generators to be used only as backup source.
 Diesel generators to be optimally operated and regularly
maintained.
 Appropriate stack height as per the CPCB guidelines to be
provided for DG sets.

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Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No.
 LPG cylinders to be provided in labour canteens and use
of fuel wood to be discouraged.
 Open burning of waste shall not be permitted.
 Community kitchen to be promoted among sub –
contractors

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Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No.
2. Water  Change in Water for construction phase to be sourced from existing OSCIPL
Resources topography and sources allocated to PP supplemented with authorized
and Quality alteration of tanker supply.
drainage pattern  Optimal water conservation measures at camp sites along
 Sediment run off with adequate awareness programmers to be organized for
from construction the workers.
area  Adequate number of toilets (at least 8-10 toilets per 100
 Disposal of sewage labours) with septic tanks and soak pits arrangements to be
from labour provided onsite.
facilities  Random disposal of wastewater from labour colonies to be
 Contamination of restricted.
surface and Adequate drains and collection sumps to be provided
groundwater around labour facilities.
resources due to oil Sludge from waste water treatment systems to be disposed
and grease /sewage off properly.
 Regular removal of debris from construction site to be
practiced.
 Secondary containment and bund shall be provided around
excavated soil or loose construction material.
 Storage area to be kept away from the storm water drain.

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Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No.
 Oil and grease containing effluents to be pre-treated before
discharge.
 Silt traps and bunds to be set-up around construction sites.
 Adequate slopes and drainage channels to be provided
across the project site, without disturbing any natural
drainage.
 Rainwater harvesting opportunities to be explored and
implemented.

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No.
3. Landscape  Change in existing The 90% soil requirement will be fulfilled from cutting OSCIPL
and land use from within the site and only 10% will be sourced from
Topography agricultural to approved quarries.
mixed use Excavated soil to be used in level raising;
(including  The construction contractors shall be instructed not to cut
industrial and any tree.
residential)  Green area and green buffers will be developed to improve
 Change in the landscape.
topography  Diversion dykes to channel runoff to be constructed around
 Change in drainage the excavated site.
pattern  Land surface contours to be restored in relation to the
 Localized flooding surroundings.
and related health Construction footprint will be well defined and
issues due to construction work to be carried out within the Project
decreased footprints only.
infiltration  Road corridor to be provided with adequate cross drainage.

4. Soil  Soil Erosion and Top soil to be preserved and reused for landscaping OSCIPL
Resources compaction purposes
 Soil contamination

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Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No.
 Clearance of vegetative cover to be minimized to the extent
possible and redeveloped latter on.
 Site grading and excavation to be undertaken during dry
season.
 Dikes, berms, drainage swales or ditches to be provided to
divert surface run-off.
 A retention wall or bund to be provided around the storage
areas for excavated soil and other construction material.
 Completed earthworks to be sealed and/or re-vegetated at
the earliest with the help of landscape expert.
 Stacking of excavated soil material will be made only in
earmarked areas.
 Excavated soil to be used/ transported at the earliest for
filling low lying areas.
 Proper routing and adequate capacity of the storm water
run-offs drains to be provided.
 Movement and parking of heavy machinery and vehicles
to be restricted to identified area.
 Area used for parking purposes to be restored immediately
after completion of each project activity.

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Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No.
 All storage facilities to be designed with paved surface,
provided with covered shed and adequate containment
facility at the construction.
 All waste to be handled as per applicable regulations.
 Hazardous waste to be handled and disposed off in
accordance with the requirements of hazardous waste
management rules 2008 and Hazardous and Other Wastes
(Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules,
2016.
 Portable oil spill containment and clean-up equipment to
be made available at construction site and training for use
of such equipment to be imparted.
 Provision of covered bins at labour facilities
 Waste to be segregated in biodegradable and non-
biodegradable components.
 Biodegradable waste to be used for animal feed/ vermi-
compost/ manure.
 Contaminated sand/ soil shall be prevented during
construction activities.

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Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No.
 Trainings to be imparted to all workers and subcontractors
regarding hazardous waste storage and disposal
procedures.
 On completion of construction activities, septic tanks for
camp sites to be abandoned and filled with earth.
5. Traffic and Increased traffic Wherever required temporary widening of roads to be OSCIPL
transport volume undertaken.
 Additional traffic Traffic and heavy machinery movement schedule to be
load on existing communicated clearly to the local inhabitants. Prior
village roads consultation with local Police and local Panchayat to be
 Disruption of traffic undertaken.
and increased cases Providing dedicated path within the site for entry and exit
of road related of the construction vehicles
hazards  Roads damaged due to project vehicles will be
continuously repaired.
 Provision of adequate training to drivers.
 Dedicated parking area to be provided for project vehicles.
 Parking along footpaths, single lane roads shall be
prohibited.

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Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No.
 Detailed plan for signage around the construction areas to
be prepared to facilitate traffic movement.
 Inventory of the vehicles used in project and construction
equipment along with their PUC’s to be maintained.

6. Ambient  Noise due to Adequate planning to avoid high noise activities to be OSCIPL
Noise Construction undertaken.
Quality activities (such as Acoustic enclosures, noise barriers to be provided in areas
excavation, of high noise generating sources.
grading, erecting Rubber padding to be provided for vibration control
equipment, piling, Movement of vehicles during night time to be limited.
etc)  Construction workers to use ear muffs in areas with
 Noise due to potential for high noise generation.
operation of heavy Regular maintenance of vehicles and repair of equipment.
equipment and Noise barriers will be provided between the activities and
machinery the receptors.

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Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No.
 Movement of Restriction on use of equipment generating high noise Contractor
vehicles during night time.
 Noise due to Working hours and construction activities to be aligned
construction and works to be prohibited during night hours.
equipment such as
Concrete Mixers
(2Nos) and

 Acoustical enclosures are strongly recommended with 30 Contractor

Batching Plant dB Transmission Loss Rating for the Engine, to bring
down the SPL below 80 dB.

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Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No.
The contractor should carefully choose the batching plant
in order to meet with the CPCB Norms.
 Hydraulic pumps and compressors should be covered with
Acoustical Enclosures with 20 dB Transmission Loss
Rating in order to reduce the noise.
 Valves should be covered with Removable Acoustical
Blankets.
 The contractor should choose controlled operating hours
for noisy activities such as delivery, loading unloading etc.

7. Socio-  Affected land losers to be considered for benefits like OSCIPL

Economic  Loss of existing employment, contracts etc.
village assets  Skilled and qualified entitled persons to be given
 Loss of preference in employment and other contractual benefits.
landholdings  Procurement of community land to be avoided to the extent
 Impact on possible and adequate buffer area to be retained around
livelihood of the villages.
villages
 Loss of livelihood

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Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No.
 Loss of Common
Property Resources
8. Labour  Location of labour Optimal water conservation measures at camp sites along OSCIPL
Camp facilities. with adequate awareness programmers to be organized for
Management  Domestic solid the workers.
waste generation  Adequate number of toilets (at least 8-10 toilets per 100
 Firewood for labors) with septic tanks and soak pits arrangements to be
cooking and provided onsite.
burning of garbage  Random disposal of wastewater from labour colonies to be
 Indoor air quality restricted.
issues  Adequate drains and collection sumps to be provided
 Waste water around labour facilities.
generation  Regular removal of debris from construction site to be
 Health and hygiene practiced.
issue  Integrated solid waste management plan will be developed
for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of
waste.
 Workers to be provided with health and safety training.
 Safety measures, including use of temporary fall protection
and out edges of elevated work surfaces, such as hand rails

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Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No.
and toe boards to prevent materials from being dislodged
shall be done for workers while working at heights.
 First aid and essential medical services to be provided at
site.

9 Occupational  Injury due to Manual transfer of heavy loads to be minimized by proper OSCIPL
Health and improper handling, work site layout.
Safety operation and Good housekeeping practices to be exercised.
execution  Measures such as job rotations and stretch breaks to be
 Trip and fall, adopted.
inadequate fall safe Proper signage to be provided around construction site.
arrangements  Use of Personal Protection Equipment (PPEs) to be
 Exposure to mandated at work site.
hazardous  Workers to be provided with health and safety training.
substances  Use of temporary fall protection measures in scaffolds and
out edges of elevated work surfaces, such as hand rails and
toe boards to prevent materials from being dislodged shall
be done.
 Safety harness to be ensured for workers while working at
heights.

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Sr. Component Impacts Identified Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No.
 First aid and essential medical services to be provided at
site

10 Employment  Increased  Project to utilize the facilities available from the local OSCIPL
and Local employment market to support the local economy to the extent possible.
Economy opportunities  Wherever possible, labour from local community will be
 Contracting employed for project.
opportunities for
locals
 Better avenues for
Small scale service
providers

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No.
11 Ecology  Loss of trees and Original soil profile shall be retained by storing each OSCIPL
ground vegetation excavated layers separately and restoring it later.
 Habitat destruction  Tree felling to be minimized to the extent possible.
 Adverse impact on Contractors shall be instructed to practice the same.
wildlife due to Hunting activities will not be permitted within and around
noise, vehicle the delineated area.
movement,  Raw materials and debris to be stored away from water
poaching, bodies, streams and run off areas.
illumination  Standard noise levels to be maintained during construction
 Increased turbidity activities.
and siltation  A ‘Local Ecological Monitoring Group’ will be setup to
monitor the environmental and ecological safeguard
measures during construction phase.
 Audio visual hall for training at the time of registration of
new labourers on site.

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8.0 Anticipated Environmental Impact & Mitigation Measures

The anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures along with responsibility of implementation and cost during operation phase are
tabulated below:

Sr. Compone Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No. nt Identified
1. Ambient  Emission  Power demand has been estimated as a part of master plan and dedicated OSCIPL
Air from power power supply system has been planned for OSC
Quality backup/ DG DG sets to be located in the downwind direction with respect to residential
sets areas.
 Stack  OSCIPL developed for overview of power supply shall ensure that the
emission power failure is maintained at minimal.
from  Stack heights for DG sets to be maintained as per CPCB/MoEF&CC
industries norms.
 Fugitive  Comprehensive planning has been undertaken as a part of master plan
emission development to mitigate impacts due to industries.
from  Planning ensures that the proposed Industrial areas and existing residential
industrial lie in the upwind or cross wind direction.
processes  Residential areas have been separated from industries by the provision of
 Emissions suitable buffers.
from increase

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Sr. Compone Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No. nt Identified
in traffic Individual industries will be required to obtain adequate approvals such as
volume Consent to Establish / Consent to Operate or environment clearance from
MPCB / SEIAA / MoEF&CC.
 All emission sources to be provided with adequate stack height as per
CPCB / MoEF&CC norms.
 Low emission fuels to be used by industries.
 Air pollution control equipment to be employed by industries.
 Good housekeeping to be practiced.
 PP to organize seminars and Capacity Building training programmes
about the best practices in different industrial sectors.
 PP in association with the MPCB to regularly monitor the environmental
performance of the industries.
2 Ambient  Increase in All habitations to have a suitable buffer area delineated around them. OSCIPL
Noise noise levels Vegetative barriers in form of green belt to be provided around all
Quality in residential industrial areas.
areas and All industrial operations to have acoustic enclosure and employ noise
adjoining attenuation measures.
villages  All roads and highways to be provided with vegetative barriers and barrier
 Impact on walls.
avifaunal

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Sr. Compone Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No. nt Identified
species due Diesel Generator Sets are supposed to have Sound Pressure Levels of
to increased lesser than 75 dBA when measured at 1 meter distance. However, when
noise multiple DG sets are supposed to be kept close to one another, a single
 Movement of Acoustical Enclosure combined for all the DG Sets is recommended with
vehicles a minimum Transmission Loss Rating of 30 dBA.
 D.G sets

 Sewage  STP consists of multiple of blowers and pumps, out of which blowers can
Treatment generate noise levels exceeding 100 dB. Acosutical Enclosures for STP
Plant Blowers are strongly recommended, with 30 dB Transmission Loss
Rating.

 Exposure to All people working in the vicinity of the Equipment/Machinery with
high noise Sound Pressure Levels higher than 90 dB should wear protective ear plugs
prone areas to avoid permanent hearing damage.

Other mitigation measures

Sound Reflective barriers to be installed at the boundary of the project site.
If re-usable barriers aleady then the cost is nil. Otherwise it is as given in
the column “Estimated Cost”

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No. nt Identified
3. Water  Increase load Individual projects will have separate water meters and two inlet sources OSCIPL
Resources on fresh for use of treated wastewater;
and water sources Building and plumbing code to propose dual plumbing layout;
Quality  Unplanned  SCADA system to be implemented for monitoring leakages in the water
disposal of conveyance system;
industrial  Providing training and education to the public on water conservation
waste water habits and the value of drinking water;
generated  OSCIPL to organize information forums with industry/commercial
and sewage owners;
 Inadequate  To develop a risk management strategy to ensure water safety for the
management project affected areas;
of storm Monitoring of Unaccounted Flow of Water and detection of leakage shall
water be done;
 Spills, leaks Improvement of management of water supply for integrated water supply
from management system (IWSMS) using an information technology
industries, application;
storage areas  A reliable technical department to be formed for maintenance and quality
 Contaminati control shall be established;
on of natural  Domestic and industrial wastewater generated will be treated separately;

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Sr. Compone Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No. nt Identified
 water  An RWH Monitoring Cell to be formed which will be responsible for
resources and monitoring safe recharge and extraction of ground water in OSCIPL.
ground water Areas for ground water recharge shall be identified and delineated; Rain
aquifers water harvesting tanks are proposed to conserve water
 Recharge pits are planned for ground water recharge
 Roof Top RWH shall be made mandatory for all residential, commercial
and industrial buildings and shall be monitored by the Cell periodically.
4. Solid  Inadequate  Industries generating hazardous waste to comply with the OSCIPL
Waste collection requirements of Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling)
Disposal and treatment Rules, 1998 and Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and
of domestic Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.
waste  OSCIPL for SWM to undertake benchmarking as per Ministry of
 Unhygienic Urban Development.
conditions,  Integrated solid waste management plan will be developed for
odour collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.
problem  Facilities will be designed to cater to the requirements of horizon
 Localized year
flooding  Industries to contact hazardous waste management facility near
Taloja for disposal of their hazardous waste.

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Sr. Compone Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No. nt Identified
 Contaminati  Biomedical waste to be managed in accordance with Bio-Medical
on of soil and Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 and Bio-Medical
groundwater Waste Management Rules, 2016.
 Improper  E waste to be sold to authorized recyclers. E waste to be managed
disposal of in accordance with E-Waste Management Rules, 2016.
sludge and
 Recyclable waste to be collected separately and sold to authorized
industrial
recyclers/ vendors.
waste
5 Traffic  Increase in The roads in general to be designed to carry the maximum traffic loads OSCIPL with
Volume traffic flow with anticipated future development and on a par with IRC (Indian Road RTO
 Increase in Congress) Standards;
private traffic A well planned public transport infrastructure has been envisaged for the
volume project;
 Traffic  The proposed road circulation shall provide for safe and efficient
congestion movement of people;
 Irregular  Maintenance of systematic spatial and technical database for the roads
Parking which would enable regular monitoring and feedback on road conditions
thereby managing effective periodic maintenance;
 Pedestrian Guard Rails, Road safety Signage and overhead signs shall be
placed wherever necessary;

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Sr. Compone Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No. nt Identified
 Road widths and lane configurations to be designed based on the modeling
exercise;
 High occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes shall be encouraged by differential
toll policy;
 Non-motorized vehicles are encouraged
 Comprehensive traffic and travel surveys shall be conducted every 5 years
to monitor traffic characteristics and travel behavior to develop strategies
for effective transportation;
 Each individual project shall develop parking facilities as per the
Development Control Regulations.
 Each residential project to provide parking facilities as per applicable
norms and regulations.
 Sufficient Loading/unloading space to be provided.
6. Land use Impacts on During the master planning stage, detailed analysis has been undertaken OSCIPL
Pattern existing to delineate site for Orange Smart City and various site alternatives were
human examined and ranked to select the option based on socio-economic factors.
settlements  Adequate buffer has been provided around environmentally sensitive
features
 Industrial land use has not been proposed in proximity of the sensitive
receptors.

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Sr. Compone Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No. nt Identified
 All irrigation channels and surface bodies within delineated project area
are to be retained.
 Fiscal measures to be undertaken to restrict unplanned development along
the peripheral areas.
 To limit the development in the existing settlements, the Urban Planning
Department is to define the land use for these regions through the Master
Plan and limit the densities in these regions through the application of the
local applicable building bye laws.
7. Ecology  Impact on As per master plan, no forest land is falling in the delineated area; OSCIPL
flora and Only native and local species will be chosen for green belt.
fauna of the Each industry shall develop green belt in 33% of the total land area as per
adjoining the CPCB guidelines;
green areas  Development around the project area will be regulated and no
 Illegal unauthorized development will be allowed.
cutting of All migrant workers and local contractors will be provided with fuel
trees. arrangements at construction labour facilities
  to avoid any discrete collection of fuel wood.
 No activities shall be planned in the green buffer other than approach/
service road, social forestry and horticulture, public amenities (activities
which would not result in damaging the green cover).

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Sr. Compone Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No. nt Identified
 The fronts of river, drain, canal and Nallas, etc. passing through the town
are planned as green areas.
8. Socio-  Increased  OSCIPL and individual project to undertake CSR program to ensure OSCIPL
Economic employment communal harmony and cooperation.
and business The project to put in place OSCIPL responsible for efficient management
opportunities and maintenance of infrastructure.
 Improvement  Orange Smart city is willing to spend CSR money in providing skill
in development, clean and safe drinking water, sanitation facility, primary
infrastructure health care support in the nearby villages.
 Increased
income
levels
 Stabilization
of the rural
economies
 Potential for
cultural
conflict
 Unplanned
secondary

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Sr. Compone Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures Responsibility

No. nt Identified
development
in the
adjoining
areas

9.0 Environmental Monitoring Plan

The environmental monitoring plan for the proposed project has been developed in view of the institutional, scientific and fiscal issues pertaining
to the project. For developing the monitoring plan, appropriate Value Ecosystem Components (VEC’s) which are likely to be affected have been
identified. For each component, suitable measurable environmental indicators which are appropriate to the impact mechanism and scale of
disturbance and have a low natural variability, broad applicability and an existing data series have been defined.
A comprehensive environmental monitoring plan has been developed for the construction and operation phases of the Integrated Industrial
Township. Monthly review meetings shall be carried out by OSCIPL to check for unplanned growth in protected areas. Water resources availability
shall be regularly monitored by OSCIPL. OSCIPL shall also work in association with the Pollution Control Board (PCB) to monitor environmental
compliance of individual projects and environmental quality of the region.

10.0 Additional Studies

An elaborate risk assessment study was carried out with recourse to various hazards (toxic, flammable, natural) including the hazard identification,
MSDS, Fire and Explosion Index, HAZOP study, Consequence Analysis, Failure Frequency Analysis, Impact Assessment, Risk Estimation

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(Individual risk, Societal risk and F-N curve)’ All the studies and analysis hence concluded that given the data and parameters, no major risks and
hazards are predicted and risk mitigation measures have been suggested to reduce the risks to As Low as reasonably practical (ALARP). Also an
Onsite DMP and an Offsite DMP has been delineated to counter the risks and the disasters.
11.0 Project Benefits
The Project is a planned mixed investment destination, with the objective of achieving high economic growth for the region with massive
employment generation. The project will host electronics manufacturing industries, IT, residential sectors etc., supported by modern infrastructure,
premium civic amenities, centres of excellence and proactive policy framework. The various direct and indirect benefits that will accrue from the
project are listed below.
a) Industrial Investment;
b) Employment Generation;
c) Capable to cater Domestic Market;
d) Public investment in core infrastructure ;
e) Benefits of Greenfield Development and High Access Corridor ;
f) World-class infrastructure & connectivity;
g) Housing to about 3,00,000 which will also include Social Housing

12.0 Conclusion
The EIA for Orange Smart City relies on primary and secondary sources of data including site visits and establishment of monitoring stations
w.r.t air ,water noise, soil and ecology and biodiversity components. The project will benefit in generating employment and economic benefits to
the Mumbai Metropolitan Region and its surroundings and will address Industrial demand and new emerging housing need including affordable
housing.. Basis the studies, surveys and analysis it appears that the project may not have any adverse impacts on the environment and shall promote
sustainable development.

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