The Pandas library is one of the most powerful libraries in Python.

It is built on
NumPy and provides easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools for the Python
programming language.

Check out the sections below to learn the various functions and tools Pandas offers.

Sections:

1. Pandas Data Structures

2. Dropping

3. Sort & Rank

4. Retrieving Series/DataFrame Information

5. DataFrame Summary

6. Selection

7. Applying Functions

8. Data Alignment

9. In/Out

Pandas Data Structures

There are two main types of data structures that the Pandas library is centered
around. The first is a one-dimensional array called a Series, and the second is a two-
dimensional table called a Data Frame.

Series — One dimensional labeled array

>>> s = pd.Series([3, -5, 7, 4], index = ['a','b','c','d'])

a 3

b -5

c 7

d 4

Data Frame — A two dimensional labeled data structure

>>> data = {'Country':['Belgium','India','Brazil'], 'Capital':

['Brussels','New Delhi','Brasilia'], 'Population':
['111907','1303021','208476']}
 >>> df = pd.DataFrame(data, columns =
['Country','Capital','Population'])

Country Capital Population

0 Belgium Brussels 111907

1 India New Delhi 1303021

2 Brazil Brasilia 208476

Dropping
In this section, you’ll learn how to remove specific values from a Series, and how to
remove columns or rows from a Data Frame.

s and df in the code below are used as examples of a Series and Data Frame
throughout this section.

>>> s

a 6
b -5

c 7

d 4

>>> df

Country Capital Population

0 Belgium Brussels 111907

1 India New Delhi 1303021

2 Brazil Brasilia 208476

Drop values from rows (axis = 0)

>>> s.drop(['a','c'])

b -5
d 4

 Drop values from columns (axis = 1)

>>> df.drop('Country', axis = 1)

Capital Population
0 Brussels

111907
1 New Delhi 1303021

2 Brasilia 208476

Sort & Rank

In this section, you’ll learn how to sort Data Frames by an index, or column, along
with learning how to rank column values.

df in the code below is used as an example Data Frame throughout this section.

>>> df

Country Capital Population

0 Belgium Brussels 111907

1 India New Delhi 1303021

2 Brazil Brasilia 208476

Sort by labels along an axis

>>> df.sort_index()

Country Capital Population

0 Belgium Brussels 111907

1 India New Delhi 1303021

2 Brazil Brasilia 208476

Sort by values along an axis

 >>> df.sort_values(by = 'Country')

Country Capital Population

0 Belgium Brussels 111907

2 Brazil Brasilia 208476

1 India New Delhi 1303021

Assign ranks to entries

>>> df.rank()

Country Capital Population

0 1.0 2.0 1.0

1 3.0 3.0 2.0

2 2.0 1.0 3.0

Retrieving Series/DataFrame Information

In this section, you’ll learn how to retrieve info from a Data Frame that includes the
dimensions, column names column types, and index range.

df in the code below is used as an example Data Frame throughout this section.

>>> df

Country Capital Population

0 Belgium Brussels 111907

1 India New Delhi 1303021

2 Brazil Brasilia 208476

(rows, columns)

>>> df.shape
(3, 3)

 Describe index

>>> df.index

RangeIndex(start=0, stop=3, step=1)

Describe DataFrame columns

>>> df.columns

Index(['Country', 'Capital', 'Population'], dtype='object')

Info on DataFrame

>>> df.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 3 entries, 0 to 2

Data columns (total 3 columns):

Country 3 non-null object

Capital 3 non-null object

Population 3 non-null object

dtypes: object(3)

memory usage: 152.0+ bytes

Number of non-NA values

>>> df.count()

Country 3
Capital 3

Population 3

DataFrame Summary
In this section, you’ll learn how to retrieve summary statistics of a Data Frame which
include the sum of each column, min/max values of each column, mean values of
each column, and others.

df in the code below is used as an example of a Data Frame throughout this section.

>>> df

Even Odd
0 2 1

1 4 3

2 6 5

Sum of values

>>> df.sum()
Even 12

Odd 9

Cumulative sum of values

>>> df.cumsum()

Even Odd
0 2 1

1 6 4

2 12 9

Minimum value

>>> df.min()
Even 2

Odd 1

Maximum value
 >>> df.max()
Even 6

Odd 5

Summary statistics

>>> df.describe()

Even Odd
count 3.0 3.0

mean 4.0 3.0

std 2.0 2.0

min 2.0 1.0

25% 3.0 2.0

50% 4.0 3.0

75% 5.0 4.0

max 6.0 5.0

Mean of values

>>> df.mean()
Even 4.0

Odd 3.0

Median of values

>>> df.median()
Even 4.0

Odd 3.0

Selection
In this section, you’ll learn how to retrieve specific values from a Series and Data
Frame.
s and df in the code below are used as examples of a Series and Data Frame
throughout this section.

>>> s

a 6
b -5

c 7

d 4

>>> df

Country Capital Population

0 Belgium Brussels 111907

1 India New Delhi 1303021

2 Brazil Brasilia 208476

Get one element

>>> s['b']
-5

Get subset of a DataFrame

>>> df[1:]

Country Capital Population

1 India New Delhi 1303021

2 Brazil Brasilia 208476

Select single value by row & column

>>> df.iloc[0,0]
'Belgium'

Select single value by row and column labels

>>> df.loc[0,'Country']
'Belgium'

Select single row of subset rows

>>> df.ix[2]

Country Brazil
Capital Brasilia

Population 208476

Select a single column of subset of columns

>>> df.ix[:,'Capital']

0 Brussels
1 New Delhi

2 Brasilia

Select rows and columns

>>> df.ix[1,'Capital']
'New Delhi'

Use filter to adjust DataFrame

>>> df[df['Population'] > 120000]

Country Capital Population

1 India New Delhi 1303021

2 Brazil Brasilia 208476

Set index a of Series s to 6

 >>> s['a'] = 6

a 6
b -5

c 7

d 4

Applying Functions
In this section, you’ll learn how to apply a function to all values of a Data Frame or a
specific column.

df in the code below is used as an example of a Data Frame throughout this section.

>>> df

Even Odd
0 2 1

1 4 3

2 6 5

Apply function

>>> df.apply(lambda x: x*2)

Even Odd
0 4 2

1 8 6

2 12 10

Data Alignment
In this section, you’ll learn how to add, subtract, and divide two series that have
different indexes from one another.

s and s3in the code below are used as examples of Series throughout this section.

>>> s

a 6
b -5

c 7

d 4

>>> s3

a 7
c -2

d 3

Internal Data Alignment

>>> s + s3

a 13.0
b NaN

c 5.0

d 7.0

#NA values are introduced in the indices that don't overlap

Arithmetic Operations with Fill Methods

>>> s.add(s3, fill_value = 0)

a 13.0
b -5.0

c 5.0

d 7.0

>>> s.sub(s3, fill_value = 2)

 a -1.0
b -7.0
c 9.0
d 1.0

>>> s.div(s3, fill_value = 4)

a 0.857143
b -1.250000

c -3.500000

d 1.333333

In/Out
In this section, you’ll learn how to read a CSV file, Excel file, and SQL Query into
Python using Pandas. You will also learn how to export a Data Frame from Pandas into
a CSV file, Excel file, and SQL Query.

Read CSV file

>>> pd.read_csv('file.csv')

Write to CSV file

>>> df.to_csv('myDataFrame.csv')

Read Excel file

>>> pd.read_excel('file.xlsx')

Write to Excel file

 >>> pd.to_excel('dir/'myDataFrame.xlsx')

Read multiple sheets from the same file

>>> xlsx = pd.ExcelFile('file.xls')

>>> df = pd.read_excel(xlsx, Sheet1')

Read SQL Query

>>> from sqlalchemy import create_engine

>>>

engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:')
>>>

pd.read_sql('SELECT * FROM my_table;', engine)

>>> pd.read_sql_table('my_table', engine)

Write to SQL Query

>>> pd.to_sql('myDF', engine)

Python is the top dog when it comes to data science for now and in the foreseeable
future. Knowledge of Pandas, one of its most powerful libraries is often a requirement
for Data Scientists today.

Use this cheat sheet as a guide in the beginning and come back to it when needed, and
you’ll be well on your way to mastering the Pandas library.