CHAPTER 1: MATHEMATICS IN OUR WORLD PATTERNS AND REGULARITIES IN THE WORLD AS

ORGANIZED BY MATHEMATICS
What is mathematics?
 The study of the relationship among numbers, Motion of a pendulum Reflection in a plane mirror
quantities, and shapes.
 Nurtures human characteristic like power of
creativity, reasoning, critical thinking, and spatial
thinking
 Helps organize patterns and regularities in the world

Patterns and Numbers in Nature and the World

1. Symmetry – pattern that is identical on both halves

when folded. (ex. Butterfly, Human Body)
2. Spiral - a curve patterns that focuses on a certain CHAPTER 2: Mathematical Language and Symbols
point and a series of circular shapes that revolve
around it. (ex. Galaxy, Aloe Vera) Language – the system of words, signs and symbols which
3. Fractal – are pattern build with simple repeated people use to express ideas, thoughts and feelings.
shapes that are reduce in size when it repeated. (ex.
Spider Web, Romanesco Broccoli) Mathematical Language - the system used to communicate
4. Tessellations - a pattern created with aesthetical mathematical ideas.
shapes with fits together with no gap. (ex. Pineapple,  Mathematical Noun - numbers, measurements,
Honeycomb) shapes, spaces, functions, patterns, data and
arrangement.
The Fibonacci Sequence  Mathematical Verb - considered as the four main
Leonardo Pisano Bogollo actions attributed to problem solving and reasoning.
 An Italian mathematician and the proponent of the
Fibonacci sequence According to Kenney, Hanewicz, Heur, Metisto and tuttle
 His nickname was “Fibonacci” which roughly means (2005), these four main actions are;
“Son of Bonacci”.
 November 23 is called a Fibonacci Day. 1. Modelling and Formulating
2. Transforming and Manipulating
The sequence goes: 3. Inferring
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, . . . 4. Communicating
Each number in the sequence is the sum of the two numbers
which precede it. Mathematical Verb
1. Modelling and Formulating - creating appropriate
Golden Ratio representations and relationships to mathematize the
It is denoted or referred by phi (Φ) which approximately equal original problem.
to 1.618034… 2. Transforming and Manipulating - changing the
mathematical that represent solution.
Relationship between Fibonacci Sequence and Golden Ratio 3. Inferring – applying derived results to the original
𝚽 = 1.618034… situation, and interpreting and generalizing the result
in that light
4. Communicating – reporting what has been learned
about a problem to a specified audience.

Characteristic of Mathematical Language

According to Jamison (2000) the use of language in
mathematics differs from the language of ordinary speech in
three important ways.
 First, mathematical language is nontemporal.
 Second, mathematical language is devoid of
emotional content.
 Third, mathematical language is precise.
The bigger the pair of Fibonacci Numbers considered, the
closer is the approximation.
Mathematical Expressions and Mathematical Sentences

Operational Terms and Operation

Translating Words into Mathematical Symbols

Let’s try this!
1. The product of three and a number. 3n or 3*n
2. Five times, the sum of a number and two. 5*(n+2) or
5(n+2)
3. Six subtracted from a number p. p – 6
4. The reciprocal of eight, added to the product of five
and a number x. 𝟏/𝟖 + 5x

Translating Mathematical Symbols into words

Let’s try this!
1. 3x-6 = (The difference of thrice a number, and six)
(Six subtracted from three times a number) (Three
times a number, minus six)
2. 2n (7 + 1/2) = (The product of twice a number, and
the sum of seven and reciprocal of two.)
3. 5(n - 6) = (Five times, a number increased by 6)