Equations. Workbook. 2º ESO.

Mathematics

EQUATIONS. WORKBOOK

1. Which equation can you match to the statements below?

a) A third of a number is equal to its quarter plus 20 units.

b) Andrew is triple the age of his sister, and both their ages add up to 20.

c) A rectangle is three meters longer than it is wide and its perimeter is 30 meters.

d) I paid 30 € for 3 drawing pads and a box of paints. The box costs double the price of a
pad.

e) A cyclist travelled the distance from A to B at the speed of 15 km/h and a person
walking at the speed of 5 km/h took 1 hour longer.

f) A cricket moves forward one meter less than a grasshopper with each jump. But in 15
jumps, the cricket travels as fast as the grasshopper does in 5 jumps.

𝑥
𝑥 + 3
= 20 2𝑥 + 2(𝑥 + 3) = 30 15(𝑥 − 1) = 5𝑥

𝑥 𝑥
3
= 4
+ 20 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 30 15𝑥 = 5(𝑥 + 1)

2. Solve the following equations mentally.

a) 7𝑥 = 35 b) 4𝑥 − 12 = 0
c) 𝑥 + 3 = 10 d) 2𝑥 −4 =6
𝑥 𝑥−2
e)
3
=9 f)
2
=5

𝑥+1 3𝑥−4
g)
3
=2 h)
2
=1

7 10
i)
𝑥+1
=1 j)
2𝑥−3
=2

2
k) 𝑥 + 1 = 26 l) 3𝑥 + 1 = 5
3. Check the possible solutions provided for every equation.

a) Is x = 2 a solution of the equation 4𝑥 + 4 = 12?

b) Is x = 3 a solution of the equation 4𝑥 − 3 = 𝑥 + 3?

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Equations. Workbook. 2º ESO. Mathematics

2
c) Is x = -1 a solution of the equation 𝑥 − 3 = 2𝑥?
d) Is x = -4 a solution of the equation 3𝑥 = 𝑥 + 1?
e) Is x = 5 a solution of the equation 5(𝑥 − 1) = 3𝑥 − 3?
𝑥−7
f) Is x = -3 a solution of the equation
5
=− 𝑥 − 5?

4. Solve by transposing elements.

𝑥
a) 3𝑥 = 12 b) 𝑥 −4 =6 c) =2
3

d) 𝑥 +4 =3 e) 6 +𝑥 =7 f) 5 −𝑥 =0
𝑥
g) 4 = h) 18 = 3𝑥 i) 4 =𝑥 +2
2

5. Solve the following first degree equations.

a) 2𝑥 −1 =1 b) 5𝑥 −3 =2 c) 7𝑥 −5 =9
d) 10 + 3𝑥 = 4 e) 2𝑥 − 3 =− 1 f) 8 = 5𝑥 − 2
g) 0 = 3𝑥 + 12 h) 5 −𝑥 =2 i) 6 − 2𝑥 = 4
j) 4 − 5𝑥 = 9 k) 3𝑥 −1 =1 l) 4 = 3𝑥 + 5
m) 5 = 4𝑥 + 7 n) 0𝑥 +2 =2 o) 0𝑥 +1 =4
6. Solve the following first degree equations.

a) 2𝑥 −1 =𝑥 +2 b) 3𝑥 +2 =𝑥 +6
c) 2𝑥 + 1 = 5𝑥 − 5 d) 1 − 𝑥 = 4 − 2𝑥
e) 𝑥 − 6 = 5𝑥 − 2 f) 3 + 7𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 5
g) 6𝑥 − 2 + 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 3 h) 8𝑥 + 3 − 5𝑥 = 7 − 2𝑥 − 1

i) 4𝑥 + 5 + 𝑥 = 2 + 4𝑥 − 6
j) 8 − 𝑥 + 1 = 4𝑥 − 1 − 7𝑥

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Equations. Workbook. 2º ESO. Mathematics

k) 7𝑥 − 4 − 3𝑥 = 2 + 4𝑥 − 6
l) 2 + 3𝑥 − 5 = 4𝑥 − 2 − 𝑥
7. Solve the following first degree equations with parenthesis.

a) 𝑥 − 7 = 6 − (𝑥 − 3)
b) 𝑥 − (1 − 3𝑥) = 8𝑥 − 1
c) 1 − (3𝑥 − 9) = 5𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 2
d) 13𝑥 − 15 − 6𝑥 = 1 − (7𝑥 + 9)
e) 7𝑥 − (4 + 2𝑥) = 1 + (𝑥 − 2)
f) 2(3𝑥 − 1) − 5𝑥 = 5 − (3𝑥 + 11)
g) 1 − 2(2𝑥 − 1) = 5𝑥 − (5 − 3𝑥)
h) 7 − (2𝑥 + 9) = 11𝑥 − 5(1 − 𝑥)
i) 4(5𝑥 − 3) − 7𝑥 = 3(6𝑥 − 4) + 10
j) 4 − 7(2𝑥 − 3) = 3𝑥 − 4(3𝑥 − 5)
k) 6 − (8𝑥 + 1) − 5 = 4𝑥 − 3(2 + 4𝑥)
l) − (5𝑥 + 1) + 4 = 𝑥 + 3(1 − 2𝑥)
8. Solve the following first degree equations with denominators.

𝑥 1 4 2𝑥 5 1
a)
5
+ 5
= 5
b)
3
+ 3
= 3

2𝑥 2 2𝑥 1
c) 4 − =𝑥 + d) 1 + = − 2𝑥
3 3 5 5

1 3𝑥 3𝑥 1
e)
4
−𝑥 = 4
−1 f)
2
+ 5 = 2𝑥 − 2

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Equations. Workbook. 2º ESO. Mathematics

9. Solve the following first degree equations with denominators.

3𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥 3𝑥 1 3𝑥 1
a)
4
+ 5
+ 10
=1 b)
2
− 5
= 5
− 2

𝑥 1 𝑥 1 𝑥 5 𝑥 𝑥
c)
2
+ 3
= 3
+ 4
d)
2
− 6
= 3
− 5
+1

3𝑥 1 4𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 1 7 𝑥
e) 𝑥 − + = − f) 1 − + = −
4 10 5 2 3 5 10 2

10. Solve the following first degree equations.

5 1 5 𝑥
a) 2𝑥 − = (𝑥 − 3) b) (2𝑥 − 1) − 𝑥 =
2 2 6 6

𝑥 4 1 1
c)
5
− 1 = 2(𝑥 − 5
) d) 𝑥 − 3
= 6
(2𝑥 − 5)

11. Solve the following first degree equations with denominators.

𝑥+1 1 1−𝑥 1
a) 1 − = 2𝑥 − b) 1 − =𝑥 +
3 3 3 2

3𝑥−1 2−3𝑥 𝑥
c)
2
− 1 = 2𝑥 − 2 d) 𝑥 + 5
= 2
+1

𝑥−3 𝑥−3 3𝑥 𝑥+1

e) 2𝑥 + = f) −1 =𝑥 −
2 4 5 2

𝑥+3 𝑥−6 1−𝑥 𝑥−1 3𝑥−1

g)
5
− 7
=1 h)
3
− 12
= 4

12. When we subtract 8 from the triple of a number, we get 25.

What number is it?

13. We have added 13 to half a number and we’ve got the same result as if we subtract 11
from its double.
What number is it?

14. The day before yesterday, tickets for a concert went on sale. On that same day, a third
of them were sold, yesterday another quarter and the remaining 200 were sold today.
How many tickets were put on sale?

(Day before yesterday) + (Yesterday) + (Today) = (Total)

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Equations. Workbook. 2º ESO. Mathematics

15. One kilo of apples costs 0,50 € more than one kilo of oranges Marta bought three kilos of
oranges and one kilo of apples for 5,30 €.
What’s the price of 1 kg of oranges?
What’s the price of 1 kg of apples?

Price of 1 kg of oranges → x

Price of 1 kg of apples → x + 0,5

(Cost of 3 kg of oranges) + (Cost of 1 kg of apples) = 5,30

16. Rosa is 25 years younger than her father, Juan, and 26 years older than her son,
Alberto. Their ages add up to 98.
What is each one’s age?

17. A group of friends have gone to a sandwich bar to have a snack. A baguette costs one
euro more than a sandwich. They pay 11 euros for three sandwiches and two baguettes.
How much does a sandwich cost?
What about a baguette?

18. Solve the following equations.

1 𝑥 2𝑥 1 1
a)
2
( 2 + 1) − 3
= 6
(𝑥 − 2
)

1 1
b)
2
(2𝑥 − 3) + 1 = 3
(𝑥 − 5) − 𝑥

4𝑥 7 2𝑥 2𝑥
c) 2( − ) + =1 −
9 6 3 3

𝑥 1 1 𝑥
d) 5( + ) − = 𝑥 − 2(1 − )
2 6 3 3

19. Find a number whose double plus three units is equal to its triple minus five units.

20. Nicolas bought two pairs of trousers and three t-shirts for 161 €. If we know that a pair of
trousers cost twice as much as a t-shirt, what was the price of each item?

21. Adela is six times older than her grandson Juan, but in eight years she will be only four
times older.
How old are Juan and Adela?

22. Calculate the solutions using the formula.

2 2
a) 𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 8 = 0 b) 𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 5 = 0
2 2
c) 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 12 = 0 d) 𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 10 = 0
2 2
e) 2𝑥 − 7𝑥 + 6 = 0 f) 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 1 = 0

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Equations. Workbook. 2º ESO. Mathematics

2 2
g) 6𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0 h) 6𝑥 −𝑥 −5 =0
2 2
i) 𝑥 + 9𝑥 + 40 = 0 j) 5𝑥 + 14𝑥 − 3 = 0
23. Solve the following equations.

2 2
a) 𝑥 = 81 b) 𝑥 = 25
2 2
c) 𝑥 =7 d) 5𝑥 = 20
2 2
e) 4𝑥 =1 f) 𝑥 −9 =0
2 2 2
g) 𝑥 + 6 = 10 h) 3𝑥 − 7 =𝑥 + 9
2 2
5𝑥 2 2𝑥 1
i)
8
= 5
j)
9
− 50
=0
2 2
4𝑥 1 𝑥
k)
25
− 25
=0 l)
21
− 21 = 0

24. Solve the following equations.

2 2
a) 𝑥 − 4𝑥 = 0 b) 𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 0
2 2
c) 𝑥 −𝑥 =0 d) 𝑥 +𝑥 =0
2 2
e) 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 0 f) 5𝑥 +𝑥 =0
2 2
g) 5𝑥 = 4𝑥 h) 2𝑥 =− 𝑥
2 2 2
i) 2𝑥 + 𝑥 = 7𝑥 j) 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 4𝑥
2 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 5𝑥
k)
2
= 3
l)
3
+ 4
= 6

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Equations. Workbook. 2º ESO. Mathematics

Additional exercises

25. Solve the following equations.

3𝑥−1 2𝑥+1 7𝑥−13

a)
4
− 5
= 20

2 2𝑥+3
b) 2 + (𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥 −
5 5

2 3(𝑥−1) 5
c)
3
(1 − 3𝑥) + 4
= 12
(1 − 𝑥)

3 𝑥−1 3 2
d)
5
( 3
+ 1) + 𝑥 = 4
(𝑥 − 3
)

26. A greengrocer put 26 boxes into his van. Some are boxes of kiwis that weigh 12 kilos,
and others of bananas that weigh 10 kilos.
How many boxes of each type of fruit are there, if they weigh 290 kilos in total?

27. Divide 280 € between three people, in such a way that the first receives three times
more than the second, and the second, double that of the third.

28. In a test with 50 questions, you get two points for each correct answer and lose two
points for each wrong answer or answer left blank. How many answers do you need to
pass the test if it requires a minimum of 75 points?

29. If we multiply a number by 5, we get the same answer as when we add 12 to it. What is
that number?

30. Calculate the natural number which when added to its next number we get 157.

31. Teresa is seven years older than her brother Antonio and two years younger than her
sister Blanca. How old are they, if their ages add up to 34 years?

32. An ensaimada, a pastry from Mallorca, costs 10 cents more than a croissant. Three
croissants and four ensaimadas cost 6 euros. How much does each cost?

33. Solve using the formula.

2 2
a) 𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 21 = 0 b) 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
2 2
e) 15𝑥 − 16𝑥 + 4 = 0 f) 14𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 1 = 0
2 2
g) 𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 25 = 0 h) 9𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 1 = 0
2 2
i) 𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 9 = 0 j) 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 3 = 0

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Equations. Workbook. 2º ESO. Mathematics

34. Solve using the formula.

2 2
a) 5𝑥 = 45 b) 12𝑥 =3
c) 𝑥(𝑥 − 3) = 0 d) (𝑥 + 5)𝑥 = 0
e) 𝑥(3𝑥 − 1) = 0 f) 3𝑥(5𝑥 + 2) = 0
2 2
g) 𝑥 − 7𝑥 = 0 h) 𝑥 + 4𝑥 = 0
2 2 2
i) 3𝑥 = 2𝑥 j) 5𝑥 = 𝑥 − 2𝑥

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Equations. Workbook. 2º ESO. Mathematics

Solutions

5. Solution.

a) 1 b) 1 c) 2

d) − 2 e) 1 f) 2

g) − 4 h) 3 i) 1

2 1
j) − 1 k) l) −
3 3

1
m) − n) Infinite solutions o) Without solution
2

6. Solution.

a) 3 b) 2 c) 2

2
d) 3 e) − 1 f)
5

3
g) 1 h) i) − 9
5

j) − 5 k) Infinite solutions l) Without solution

7. Solution.

a) 8 b) 0 c) 2

1 3
d) e) f) − 1
2 4

2 1
g) h) i) − 2
3 6

j) 1 k) Without solution l) Infinite solutions

8. Solution.

a) 3 b) − 2 c) 2

1 5
d) − e) f) 11
3 7

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Equations. Workbook. 2º ESO. Mathematics

9. Solution.

4 1 1
a) b) − c) −
5 3 2

d) 5 e) 2 f) − 3
10. Solution.

2 5
a) b)
3 3

1 3
c) d) −
3 4

11. Solution.

3 1
a) b)
7 4

c) 1 d) − 6
1
e) f) 5
3

4
g) − 8 h)
7

12. Solution: The number we are looking for is 11.

13. Solution: The number we are looking for is 16.

14. Solution: The total number of tickets on sale were 480.

15. Solution: A kilo of oranges costs 1,20 €. A kilo of apples costs 1,70 €.

16. Solution: Rosa is 33 years old, Juan is 58 years old and Alberto is 7 years old.

17. Solution: The sandwich costs 1,80 and the baguette costs 2,80 €.

18. Solution.

7
a) 1 b) −
10

3
c) d) − 3
2

19. Solution: The number we are looking for is 8.

20. Solution: A t-shirt costs 23 € and trousers cost 46 € each.

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Equations. Workbook. 2º ESO. Mathematics

21. Solution: Juan is 12 years old and Adela is 72 years old.

22. Solution.

a) 𝑥 = 4, 𝑥 = 2 b) 𝑥 = 5, 𝑥 = 1
c) 𝑥 = 3, 𝑥 =− 4 d) 𝑥 =− 2, 𝑥 =− 5
3
e) 𝑥 = 2, 𝑥 = f) 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 = 1
2

g) No solution h) 𝑥 = 6, 𝑥 =− 5
1
i) No solution j) 𝑥 = , 𝑥 =− 3
5

23. Solution.

a) 𝑥 =± 9 b) 𝑥 =± 5

c) 𝑥 =± 7 d) 𝑥 =± 2
1
e) 𝑥 =± f) 𝑥 =± 3
2

g) 𝑥 =± 2 h) 𝑥 =± 2 2
4 3
i) 𝑥 =± j) 𝑥 =±
5 10

1
k) 𝑥 =± l) 𝑥 =± 21
2

24. Solution.

a) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 4 b) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 =− 2
c) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1 d) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 =− 1
2 1
e) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = f) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 =−
3 5

4 1
g) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = h) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 =−
5 2

i) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 5 j) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 =− 2

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Equations. Workbook. 2º ESO. Mathematics

2
k) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = l) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 2
3

25. Solution.

a) No solution. b) 15

3
c) − d) − 2
5

26. Solution: There are 15 boxes of kiwis and 11 boxes of bananas.

27. Solution: The third person receives 31,11 €. The second 62,22. The first 186,67 €.

28. Solution: A minimum of 44 correct answers.

29. Solution: The number is 3.

30. Solution: The number is 78

31. Solution: Antonio is 6 years old, Teresa is 13 years old and Blanca is 15 years old.

32. Solution: The croissant costs 80 cents and the ensaimada costs 90 cents.

33. Solution.

a) 𝑥 = 7, 𝑥 = 3 b) 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 =− 3
2 2 1 1
c) 𝑥 = , 𝑥 = d) 𝑥 = , 𝑥 =−
3 5 7 2

1 1
e) 𝑥 = 5, 𝑥 = 5 f) 𝑥 =− , 𝑥 =−
3 3

g) 𝑥 =− 3, 𝑥 =− 3 h) No solution

34. Solution.

1
a) 𝑥 =± 3 b) 𝑥 =± 2

c) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 3 d) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 =− 5
1 2
e) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = f) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 =−
3 5

g) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 7 h) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 =− 4
2 1
i) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = j) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 =−
3 2

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