“ BDV(BREAK DOWN VOLTAGE) TEST ON

POWER TRANSFORMER OIL ”

GUIDED BY:
PROF.M.L SHUKLS SIR
Senior Lecturer in Electrical
Electrical Engineering Department

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

MURTIZAPUR

2021-2022
 MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

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“ BDV(BREAK DOWN VOLTAGE) TEST ON

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QAZI TANVIRUDDIN QAZI

SR NO TOPIC'S

1. ABSTRACT

2. INTRODUCTION

3. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

4. OIL SPECIFICATIONS

5. IMPURITIES

6. RESULT

7. CONCLUSION
 ABSTRACT

The transformer is considered one of the most important equipment in the electrical
power system networks and the most problems occurred in it were related to the defects
and weakness of the insulation systems. The oils were used in the transformer for coolant
and insulation purposes; therefore maintaining the dielectric strength of it at high level
was the highest goal of the manufactures.

In this study, some experimental works were performed to investigate the effect of the
voltage types, electrode configurations, and the impurities on the breakdown voltage of the
insulating oil. The results demonstrated that the direct current high voltage was a danger
voltage type which caused breakdown of the insulating oil at lower voltage levels. In
addition, the point-plate electrode configuration was the worst electrode configuration
shape compared to other configurations in this study, which reduced the dielectric strength
of the transformer oil due to the developing of the non-uniform filed. Finally, the oil
impurities had a significant effect for dielectric strength reduction of the insulating oil.

The insulating oils were used in power transformers for coolant and electrical
insulating purposes. The reason of transformer failures comes from defects in its
insulation system specially the insulating oil. Enhancing the dielectric strength of the
insulating oil induces the researchers to investigate the reasons that changed the
transformer oil properties, characteristics and performance. There are many parameters
such as water content, electrode configuration, the electrical stress from the applying
voltage, and the contamination particles on the breakdown voltage that result in the
insulating oil failures investigated the dielectric strength of filtered and clean oil. It was
found in the wide range of cleanness; the breakdown strength was enhanced as reducing
the number of dispersed particles.

It referred that, in the case of impulse, the dielectric strength was influenced by the
stressed oil volume but in case of AC voltage, the dielectric strength of the oil relied on the
electrode area illustrated that the particulate and water content affected the dielectric strength
of the insulating oils.The harmful effect of the water content and solid contaminants
On insulating oils was reflected in the processes ofmanufacturing,
commissioning, and maintenance of the wetted electrical equipment. The work
also discussed the filtration,counting, and controlling the particles in the dielectric
oil.
 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Test Circuits for Impulse, DC, and AC Voltage Generation Three experimental setups were
established to investigate the performance of the insulating oil (Shell Diala S3 ZX-I Dried).
The first test circuit was for generating impulse voltage with (tf/tt=1.2/50s) which was
appeared in Fig. 1.

The components of the test circuit were H.V. transformer, digital impulse voltmeter,
measuring resistor (280 M), 2 HV silicon rectifiers; voltage divider capacitor ratio
(400/1), charging resistance, wave-front resistance, tail resistance, sphere-gap and the
test cell containing the insulating oil at different electrode configurations was shown in
Fig. 2. The second experimental setup was used to generate DC high voltage up to 140kV.

The components of the test circuit were H.V. Transformer, Digital DC voltmeter,
Measuring resistor, HV Silicon rectifier, capacitor, and the oil test cell. The test setup for
generating DC high voltage was shown in Fig. 3.

The last experimental setup was for generating AC high voltage up to 100kV. The
components of the test circuit were H.V. transformer, AC peak voltmeter, measuring
capacitor, some other test accessories, and oil test cell. Fig. 4 shows the test circuit
components for generation AC high voltage
OIL SPECIFICATIONS :
Shell Diala S3 ZX-I Dried was manufactured from highly refined mineral oil and it was used
as inhibited electrical insulating oil in transformer and electrical equipment. The dielectric
strength is very good, good oxidation stability and introduced an efficient heat transfer at low
temperature.

The features and characteristics of the oil is shown in the Table 1. Electrodes Specifications
Three electrode configurations were used in this study. The plate-plate gap (to produce the
non-uniform filed gap) configurations were considered.The electrode made of brass and its
shape was depicted in Fig. 2.

IMPURITIES :
The impurities used in this study were iron filings collected from iron workshop. The iron
filings were added to the insulating oil with 0.2 g/ 400 milliliter and 0.6g/400 milliliter.
Testing Procedures According to IEC Standard The IEC Standard procedures used to test the
insulating oilwould introduce as follows;

1. To assess the dielectric strength of the insulating oil,a sample of the oil in a test cell that
the electrodespace was 2.54 mm and the applied voltage was gradually increased by 2kV/s.

2. The breakdown voltage was the voltage that causes an electric arc which leads to a
collapse of the test voltage.

3. After breakdown occurred, the test voltage was automatically switched off.

4. According IEC standard, six measurements were carried out on the insulating oil.

5. The mean of the six measurements was determined.Table 1. Properties and characteristics
of the shell Diala S3 ZX-I Dried*.
THE SOURCE OF THE TABLE :
RESULT :
Effect of voltage types One of the effective parameters that describe the performance of the
insulating oil was the type of the applied voltage. There were three voltage types that were
applied on the insulating oil (impulse voltage with tf/tt of 1.2/50 s, AC voltage, and DC
voltage)Effect of electrode configurations Several electrode configurations were used to
study its effect on the breakdown voltage of the insulating oil.

The mean and standard deviation of the measurements that accomplished for pure oil were
estimated and assigned Effect of Impurities The dielectric strength of the insulating oils was
affected by the presence of impurities. The effect of different impurities concentration on the
dielectric strength was discussed.

CONCLUSIONS :
The breakdown voltage in case of the DC voltage type was lower than that of both the AC
and impulse voltages types due to the establishment of a continuous bridge between the
electrodes.

The impurities had a significant effect on reducing the dielectric strength of the insulating oil.
Using the t-test, the significant difference of the measurements between the pure oil and oil
with impurities can be observed.

The non-uniform electric field was developed when the point-plate electrode was used and
therefore, the dielectric strength of the oil was lower than in the other plate-plate and rod-
plate electrodes. The curvature of the rod electrode mitigated the electric field and hence, the
breakdown voltage enhanced rather than in plate-plate and point-plate electrodes.