SSH (Secure Shell Socket)

Package ------> openssh*

Deamons ------> sshd
Config -------> /etc/ssh/sshd_confg
Port ---------> 22
--------------------------------------------------------------------
SELinux

Config /etc/selinux/confg -----> It is main fle for SELinux.

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------------------------------------
Log server:
* Log server is central log monitaring point.Whih stores all
windows,linux,switches,system,hosts generated log centrally.
So it can be easy to review.
* Rsyslog (daemon) works on both side like server & client. In server sides, it can
gather logs from other devices.
& in client side transmit the logs to server.

Package ------> rsyslog*

Deamons ------> rsyslog
Config file --> /etc/rsyslog.conf
Document root-> /var/log
Port ---------> 514

log files:
* It contatains messages regarding system including the kernal, services &
applications running on it.
* It is very useful to when trying to troubleshoot problem in the system.
* Only root users can read these log messages.
* The messages will be generated only when rsyslog service is running.

The diferent types of log fles and their locations :

# /var/log/messages ----> System and general messages and DHCP log messages.
# /var/log/authlog -----> Authentication log messages.
# /var/log/secure ------> Security and authentication and user log messages.
# /var/log/maillog -----> Mail server log messages.
# /var/log/cron --------> Cron jobs log messages.
# /var/log/boot.log ----> All booting log messages.
# /var/log/httpd -------> All Apache web server log messages.
# /var/log/mysqld.log --> Mysql database server log messages.
# /var/log/utmp or /var/log/wtmp -----> All the user's login messages.
# /var/log/Qmail -------> Qmail log messages.
# /var/log/kernel.log --> All kernel related log messages.
# /var/log/samba -------> All samba server log messages.
# /var/log/anakonda.log-> Linux installation log messages.
# /var/log/lastlog -----> Recent login information for all users.
# /var/log/yum.log -----> All package installation log messages generated by # yum
or # rpm commands.
# /var/log/cups --------> All printer and printing related log messages.
# /var/log/ntpstat -----> All ntp server and services log messages.
# /var/log/spooler -----> Mail, printer and cron jobs spooling messages.
# /var/log/sssd --------> System security service deamon log messages.
# /var/log/audit.log ---> SELinux log messages.
# dmesg (to see the boot log messages)

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Apache Web server :
* Open source web server.
* It is mostly used web server in the internet.
* httpd is the deamon that speaks the http or https protocols.
* It is a text based protocol for sending and receiving the objects over a network
connection.
* The http protocol is sent over the wired network in clear text using default port
number 80/tcp.
* To protect the website we can use https web server for data encryption.

Package ------> httpd

Deamons ------> httpd
Config file --> /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf (For http)
/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf (For https)
/etc/httpd/conf.d/demo.conf
Document root-> /var/www/html
Log fles -----> /var/log/httpd/access_log
/var/log/httpd/error_log
Port ---------> 80/http and 443/https
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------
How to launch a website:

1) # yum install -y httpd

2) # yum start httpd

3) # go to browser search ------> download free website template

4) # cd /root/Downloads

5) # unzip <content>

6) # cp -rvf Downloads/<content>/* /var/www/html/

7) # vim /var/www/html/index.html-----------> we can see all content here

8) # curl localhost

9) # curl 192.168.1.101

` 10) Search on browser---> 192.168.1.101

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nginx :

Package -------------> nginx

Main Config file ----> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
Server Config file --> /etc/nginx/conf.d
Document root--------> /usr/share/nginx/html

* Steps: (For installing the nginx)

1) # yum install epel-release
# yum install nginx

2) # systemctl start nginx

# systemctl enable nginx
# systemctl status nginx

3) # firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=http

 # firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=https
# firewall-cmd --reload

4) # vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

5) # firebox search localhost/ip

***********************************************************************************
****

Steps: (Name-based & IP Virtual Hosts with NGINX)

1) # yum install --enablerepo=epel nginx

2) # systemctl stop httpd

# systemctl start nginx

3) # useradd user1

4) # mkdir /var/www/testing1.com/public_html
# cd /var/www/testing1.com/public_html
# vim index.html

5) # mkdir /etc/nginx/sites-available
# cd /etc/nginx/sites-available
# touch testing1.com.conf
server {
listen 192.168.1.101:80
server_name testing1.com www.testing1.com
root /var/www/testing1.com/public_html
index index.html
}
# chmod 755 testing1.com.conf
# chgrp user1 testing1.com.conf
# cd /var/www/testing1.com/public_html
# chmod 755 index.html
# chgrp user1 index.html

6) # vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
uncomment ----> #user nginx
uncomment ----> #include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf
add text (in http) ----> include /etc/nginx/sites-available/*.conf

7) # vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.101 testing1.com www.testing1.com

8) # nginx -t
# systemctl restart nginx

9) Open the browser and navigate to the first virtual domain,

http://testing1.com

***********************************************************************************
**************

Steps : Install WordPress 5 with Apache, MariaDB 10 and PHP 7 on CentOS 7

1) # vim /etc/selinux/config ----->disabled-----> restart

2) # yum install -y httpd

 # systemctl start httpd
# systemctl enable httpd
# systemctl status httpd

3) # yum -y install http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm

yum-utils
# yum-config-manager --enable remi-php73

4) # yum install -y php php-common php-mysql php-gd php-xml php-mbstring php-

mcrypt

5) # vim /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.10x.repo

[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.3/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# yum install -y MariaDB-server MariaDB-client

# systemctl start mariadb
# systemctl enable mariadb
# systemctl status mariadb
# mysql_secure_installation

# mysql -u root -p
## create database wordpressdb;
## grant all privileges on wordpressdb.* to
wordpressuser@localhost identified by '123';
## flush privileges;

6) # cd /var/www/html
# wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
# tar -xvf latest.tar.gz
# chown -R apache:apache wordpress/

7) # vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/<filename>.conf
-----> Go to last line and type
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/wordpress
ServerName hvthang.xyz
ServerAlias www.hvthang.xyz
ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/hvthang.xyz-error.log
CustomLog /var/log/httpd/hvthang,xyz-acces.log common
</VirtualHost>
# httpd -t
# systemctl restart httpd

8) # firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http

# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
# firewall-cmd --history

***************************************************************************
How to install SSL cetificate

1) # yum install httpd

2) # yum install mod_ssl

 3) # yum install openssl

4) # openssl genrsa -out ca.key

# openssl req -new -key ca.key -out ca.csr
# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in ca-csr -signkey ca.key -out ca.crt
where
ca-csr ---> name of csr file
ca.key----> name of key file
ca.crt ---> name of certificate

5) # cp ca.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs
# cp ca.key /etc/pki/tls/private
# cp ca.csr /etc/pki/tls/private

6) # vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
Edits line---->
SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/ca.key

# httpd -t

7) # vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/<filename>.conf
<Virtualhost *:443>
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/ca.key
servername www.server.demo.com
Documentroot /web
</virtualhost>

# httpd -t

8) # firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https

# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=443/tcp
# firewall-cmd --reload

9) # systemctl restart httpd

# systemctl enable httpd

10) go to browser----> https://www.server.demo.com

*******************************************************************************
* Host Multiple Websites With SSL Encryption in RHEL

# yum install -y httpd openssl mod_ssl

# openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout ca.key -out ca.crt
# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
Edits line---->
SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/ca.key
# httpd -t
# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/<filename>.conf
<Virtualhost *:443>
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/ca.key
servername www.server.demo.com
Documentroot /web
 </virtualhost>vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/httpd.conf

--------------------------------------------------------------------
FTP :
* File transfer protocol.
* FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol used to transfer fles from one host to
another host over a TCP-based network

Package ------> vsftpd (server)

ftp (server & client)
Deamons ------> vsftpd
Config file --> /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
/etc/vsftpd/user_list
/etc/vsftpd/ftpuser
Document root-> /var/ftp (Home directory)
Log fles -----> /var/log/httpd/access_log
/var/log/httpd/error_log
Port ---------> 20 (Data transfer)
21 (connection establishment)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
NFS :
* Network File system
* It is way to share the local hard drive fles between machines which are NFS
compatible.
* That means we share the fles between Linux and Unix machines but not between
Linux and windows systems.
* NFS is used upd protocol.

Package ------> nfs-utils

Deamons ------> rpc.mountd
rpc.nfsd
rpc.rquotad
rpc.stad
rpc.lockd
rpc.idmapd
Config file --> /etc/exports
Port ---------> 2049
usercreate ---> nobody
--------------------------------------------------------------------
SAMBA :
* Samba allows Linux computers to share fles and printers across a network
connection by using SMB
protocol. Samba will support DFS, NFS, ufs fle systems to share fles and
directories.
* That's why Samba is used to share fles and directories between diferent platforms

Package ------> samba* for samba server and samba-client* for samba client
Deamons ------> smb and nmb for RHEL - 7 where as smb is for Samba server deamon
and nmb is for
Netbios service deamon

Config file --> etc/samba/smb.conf

Log fle ------> /var/log/samba
Port ---------> 137 ---> to verify the share name,
138 ---> to data transfer,
139 ---> to connection establish and
445 ---> for authentication
usercreate ---> nobody
--------------------------------------------------------------------
MariaDB:
* is a database software to create and maintain the databases.

Package ------> mariadb*

Deamons ------> mariadb
Config file --> /etc/my.cnf
Commands -----> mysql_secure_installation
Port ---------> 3306
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
DHCP:
* Dynamic Host Confguration Protocol.
* DHCP is anetwork protocol that enables the server to assign an IP addresses to
the clients in the network automatically from a defned range of IP addresses
ie., scope confgured for a given network.

Package ------> dhcp*

Deamons ------> dhcpd
Config file --> /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.cnf
Port ---------> 67 server , 68 client

Steps:
1) # yum install dhcp*

2) # Go to virtual box-----> Network----->all networking should have

internal connection

3) # open the linux GUI ---> netwk setting --->wire setting--->wire---->ipv4

Addres 192.168.7.11
Netmask 255.255.255.0
Gateway 192.168.7.11
# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcp.conf
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;

subnet 192.168.7.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

range 192.168.7.15 192.168.7.21;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option routers 192.168.7.1;
}

4) # systemctl start dhcpd

5) # go to windows firewall ---> custmize setting----> turn off firewall

6) # go to client machine ---> restart the netwk card n check ip assigned or

not

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