All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

Chapter 14 Trigonometry
14A Trigonometry Ratios
Conventional Questions
Modified Exam Questions (HKCEE 2006 − HKDSE 2018)
1. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2010 Paper 1 Q4
(a) The 3rd term
180 
= tan
3 +1
= tan 45
=1 1A

1
(b) The two terms are 3 and . 1A + 1A
3

Extra EYA or Section B Questions

2. In ABC,
BC
= cos 60  1M
AC
BC 1
=
AC 2
AC = 2BC 1A
 The claim is agreed. 1A

3. (a) Note that OPQ is an isosceles triangle with OP = OQ.

OM is the angle bisector of POQ. 1A

(b) OM is the perpendicular bisector of PQ. 1A

(c) Note that OM is the perpendicular bisector of PQ.

OM POQ
= cos 1M
OP 2
OM 285  − 165 
= cos
10 2
= cos 60°
OM = 5 1A
Polar angle of M = 165° + 60°
= 225 1A
Thus, the polar coordinates of M are (5, 225).

1
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

MC Questions
Modified Exam Questions (HKCEE 2006 − HKDSE 2018)
4. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2006 Paper 2 Q22

From the graphs of y = sin , y = cos  and y = tan  where 45    90,
sin  > cos 
 I is true.
tan  > sin 
 II is true.
tan  > cos 
 III is not true.
 The answer is C.

5. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2006 Paper 2 Q23

16 − 11
cos x =
12 + (16 − 11) 2
2

5
=
13

6. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2006 Paper 2 Q47

Note that CBD = BAD = 30.
Also note that ABD = 90.
So, we have BCD = 180 – (30 + 90) – 30 = 30.
Further note that BD = CD = 3.
BD
So, we have sin 30 = .
AD
Hence, we have AD = 6.
Therefore, the radius of the circle is 3.

7. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2008 Paper 2 Q24

Note that 152 + 82 = 289 = 172.
 The figure is a right-angled triangle.
15
 tan  =
8

2
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

8. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q21

In ABC,
AC
cos =
BC
5
=
6
 = 34 (cor. to the nearest degree)

9. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q25

Let PQ = 5k, QR = 12k and PR = 13k.
PQ 2 + QR 2 = (5k ) 2 + (12k ) 2 = 169 k 2
PR 2 = (13k ) 2 = 169 k 2
 PQ 2 + QR 2 = PR 2
 Q = 90 (converse of Pyth. theorem)
 PQR is a right-angled triangle.
cos P : tan R
5 5
= :
13 12
= 12 : 13

10. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2011 Paper 2 Q21

1 24 1
tan  − = −
cos  25 − 24
2 2
25 − 24 2
2

25
24 25
= −
7 7
1
=−
7

11. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2012 Paper 2 Q18

In ACD,
AD
= sin 
AC
AD = x sin 
In ABD,
AD
= cos 
AB
x sin 
AB =
cos 

12. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2013 Paper 2 Q22

Let PQ = 7k, QR = 24k and PR = 25k.
PQ 2 + QR 2 = (7k ) 2 + (24k ) 2 = 625 k 2
PR 2 = (25k ) 2 = 625 k 2
 PQ 2 + QR 2 = PR 2
 Q = 90 (converse of Pyth. theorem)
 PQR is a right-angled triangle.
sin P : sin R
24 7
= :
25 25
= 24 : 7

3
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

13. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2014 Paper 2 Q18

In ACD,
AC
= sin 
CD
AC = x sin 
ACD = 180  − CAD − ADC

= 90 − 
 ACB = BCD − ACD
= 90 − (90 − )
=
In ABC,
BC
= cos 
AC
BC = x sin  cos 

14. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2015 Paper 2 Q18

AD AB − DB
=
AC AC
AB DB
= −
AC AC
DB BC
Note that = tan a and = sin b .
BC AC
AD AB DB
 = −
AC AC AC
BC DB
= cos b – 
AC BC
= cos b – sin b tan a

15. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2016 Paper 2 Q21

Consider the following figure.
D
d
A F

b
B E C
BE
cos b =
AB
BE = ABcos b
AF
sin d =
AD
AF = ADsin d
 BC = BE + AF
= ABcos b + ADsin d

4
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

16. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2017 Paper 2 Q25

 AOC is a straight line.
  = 180 + 30 = 210
Consider the following figure.
90

B A
4

30
180 0
30 O

270

BOC = 30 + 30

= 60
OC = OB cos 60
= 4 cos 60
=2
 r=2

Wrong Answer Feedback:

B
OC OC
Wrongly think that = sin 60 or = cos 30.
OB OB

C
OC
Wrongly think that = tan 60.
OB

D
OB
Wrongly think that = cos 60.
OC

5
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

17. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2018 Paper 2 Q21

For I:
When TS = PT = 1 cm,  = 30 and  = 30,
2
TS cos  = cm
2
1
PT sin  = cm
2
∴ I is false.
For II:
TR cos  = TS
TQ cos  = PT = TS
∴ II is true.
For III:
PQ tan  = PT tan  tan 
SR tan  = TS tan  tan  = PT tan  tan 
∴ III is true.

Wrong Answer Feedback:

I
Wrongly think that  =  = 45.
II
Wrongly think that TR cos  = SR and TQ cos  = PQ.
III
Do not consider PT tan  and TS tan .

6
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

14B Trigonometric Identities and Equations

Conventional Questions
Extra EYA or Section B Questions
1. Area of the triangle
1
= (10)(5) sin 80 cm2 1M
2
 24.620 cm2 1A
Area of the circle
= (32) cm2
 28.274 cm2 1A
 The circle has a greater area. 1A

2. (a) CBE = BCE = BEC = 60 (property of equil. )

ABE
= ABC − CBE
= 90 − 60
= 30 1A

Similarly, DCE = 30

Note that AB = BE.
In ABE,
AEB = BAE (base s, isos. )
180  − ABE
= ( sum of )
2
180  − 30
=
2
= 75 1M
CEF = 180 − AEB − BEC (adj. s on st. line)
= 180 − 75 − 60
= 45 1A

In CEF,
CFE = 180 − CEF − DCE ( sum of )
= 180 − 45 − 30
= 105  1A

(b) In CEF, by the sine formula,

CF CE
=
sin CEF sin CFE
CF CE
=
sin 45  sin 105 
sin 45
CF = CE
sin 105 
sin 45
= CD 1M
sin 105 
 0.732CD
DF = CD − CF
 0.268CD
 The length of CF is greater than two times that of DF. 1A

7
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

3. (a) In ACD, by the cosine formula,

AC2 = AD2 + CD2 − 2(AD)(CD) cos ADC 1M
AC = 14 + 25 − 2(14)(25) cos80 cm
2 2

 26.447 cm
= 26.4 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(b) In ABC,
BAC = 180 − ABC − ACB ( sum of )
= 180 − 94 − 36
= 50

By the sine formula,

BC AC
= 1M
sin BAC sin ABC
sin 50
BC   26.447 cm
sin 94
 20.309 cm
= 20.3 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(c) Area of ABC

1
= ( AC )( BC ) sin ACB 1M
2
1
 ( 26 .447 )(20 .309 ) sin 36  cm2
2
 157.85 cm2 1A
Area of ACD
1
= ( AD )(CD ) sin ADC
2
1
= (14 )(25) sin 80  cm2
2
 172.34 cm2
 ACD has a greater area. 1A

8
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

MC Questions
Modified Exam Questions (HKCEE 2006 − HKDSE 2018)
4. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2003 Paper 2 Q45
C
5 cos 2  − 3 sin  − 3 = 0
5(1 − sin 2  ) − 3sin  − 3 = 0
5 sin 2  + 3 sin  − 2 = 0
(5 sin  − 2)(sin  + 1) = 0
2
sin  = or −1
5
  23.578, 180 − 23.578 or 270
 The equation has 3 solutions for 0    360 .

Wrong Answer Feedback:

A
Wrongly solve the equation for 0    90 .
B
2
Wrongly think that sin  = has only 1 solution for 0    360 ; wrongly
5
think that sin  = −1 has no solution for 0    360 .
D
Wrongly think that sin  = −1 has 2 solutions for 0    360 .

5. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2006 Paper 2 Q21

4 cos 30 sin  + sin 90 cos (90 −  )
= 2 3 sin + sin

= (2 3 + 1) sin

6. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2006 Paper 2 Q44

3 sin2 x + 5 sin x − 2 = 0
(3 sin x − 1)(sin x + 2) = 0
1
sin x = or −2 (rejected)
3
x = 19.5 or 160.5 (cor. to 1 d. p.)
 The equation has 2 roots.

9
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

7. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2007 Paper 2 Q20

For I,
L.H.S.
= sin (90 − x) − cos (90 − y)
= cos x − cos x
=0
= R.H.S.
 I is true.
For II,
consider x = 60 and y = 30.
L.H.S.
= sin x + cos y
= sin 60 + cos 30
= 3
 R.H.S.
 II is not true.
For III,
L.H.S.
= tan x
1
=
tan( 90  − x )
1
=
tan y
= R.H.S.
 III is true.

8. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2007 Paper 2 Q21

cos(90 −  ) sin( 90 −  )
+
cos  sin 
sin  cos 
= +
cos  sin 
sin 2  + cos 2 
=
sin  cos 
1
=
sin  cos 

9. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2007 Paper 2 Q22

3 sin  = cos 
1
tan  =
3
 = 30

10. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2008 Paper 2 Q23

sin  tan( 90  −  )
 1 
= sin   
 tan  
 cos 
= sin   
 sin  
= cos

10
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

11. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2008 Paper 2 Q45

6 cos2  − 7 cos  + 1 = 0
(cos  − 1)(6 cos  − 1) = 0
1
cos  = 1 or
6
 = 0, 360 or 80.4, 279.6 (cor. to 1 d. p.)
 The equation has 4 roots.

12. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q24

sin 2 x
cos 2 y

sin 2 x
=
cos 2 (90 − x)

sin 2 x
=
sin 2 x
=1

13. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q45

sin2  − cos2  = −1
sin2  − (1 − sin2 ) = −1
2 sin2  = 0
sin  = 0
 = 0, 180 or 360
 The equation has 3 roots.

14. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q48

Note that ACD = 90.
Also note that BCE = ADE and CBE = DAE.
So, we have BCE ~ ADE.
BC CE
Hence, we have = .
AD DE
Further note that CED = 180 – .
CE
So, we have cos (180 – ) = .
DE
BC
Hence, we have = –cos .
AD

15. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2010 Paper 2 Q22

1
tan 2 x +
tan 2 (90 − x)

= tan 2 x + tan 2 x

= 2 tan 2 x

16. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2010 Paper 2 Q46

sin 2 1 + sin 2 2 + sin 2 3 +  + sin 2 89 + sin 2 90 

= (sin 2 1 + sin 2 89) + (sin 2 2 + sin 2 88) +  + (sin 2 44 + sin 2 46) + sin 2 45 + sin 2 90

= (sin 2 1 + cos 2 1) + (sin 2 2 + cos 2 2) +  + (sin 2 44 + cos 2 44) + sin 2 45 + sin 2 90

= 1 44 + 0.5 + 1

= 45.5

11
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

17. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2011 Paper 2 Q20

x + y + z = 180 ( sum of )
x = 90
For I,
L.H.S.
= cos 90
=0
R.H.S.
= sin y − cos z
= sin y − cos (90 − y)
= sin y − sin y
=0
 I is true.
For II,
consider y = 30 and z = 60.
L.H.S.
= sin 90 tan 30
= tan 30
R.H.S.
= tan 60
 L.H.S.
 II is not true.

For III,
L.H.S.
= sin 2 90 

=1
R.H.S.
= sin 2 y + sin 2 z

= sin 2 y + sin 2 (90  − y )

= sin 2 y + cos 2 y

=1
 III is true.

12
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

18. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2011 Paper 2 Q47

B
By the Heron’s formula,
the area of ABC
 12 + 8 + 2 x  12 + 8 + 2 x  12 + 8 + 2 x  12 + 8 + 2 x 
=   − 12  − 8  − 2 x  cm 2
 2  2  2  2 
= (10 + x)(x − 2)(x + 2)(10 − x) cm2
= ( x 2 − 4)(100 − x 2 ) cm2

Wrong Answer Feedback:

A
Wrongly think that area of ABC is (s − a)(s − b)(s − c) , where
1
s = (a + b + c) .
2
C
Wrongly think that area of ABC is s(a − s)(b − s)(c − s) , where
1
s= (a + b + c) .
2
D
Wrongly think that (a + b)(a − b) = a 2 + b 2 .

19. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE Sample Paper Paper 2 Q19

tan(180  +  ) cos 300 
+
sin 210  tan(90 −  )
1
= −2 tan  + tan 
2
3
= − tan 
2

20. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2012 Paper 2 Q19

sin 150  cos 240 
+
1 + sin( 90  +  ) 1 + sin( 270  +  )
1 1
= +
2(1 + cos  ) − 2(1 − cos  )
1  (1 − cos  ) − (1 + cos  ) 
=
2  1 − cos 2  

cos 
=−
sin 2 
1
=−
sin  tan 

13
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

21. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2013 Paper 2 Q23

For I,
sin  + sin (90 − )
= sin  + cos 
>0
 I is true.
For II,
consider  = 60.
cos 60 − cos (90 − 60)
1 3
= −
2 2
<0
 II is not true.
For III,
tan  tan( 90  −  )

 1 
= tan   
 tan  
=1
 III is true.

22. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2014 Paper 2 Q19

[sin( 270  +  ) + 1][cos(180  −  ) − 1]
= ( − cos  + 1)(− cos  − 1)
= −(1 − cos 2  )
= − sin 2 

23. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2014 Paper 2 Q39

5 sin2  = sin 
sin  (5sin  − 1) = 0
1
sin  = 0 or
5
 = 0, 180, 360 or 11.5, 168.5 (cor. to 1 d. p.)
 The equation has 5 roots.

24. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2015 Paper 2 Q19

 sin( 90 +  ) 
sin 2 (180  −  ) 1 + 
 1 + sin( 270  +  ) 
 cos  
= sin 2  1 + 
 1 − cos  
1 − cos  + cos  
= sin 2   
 1 − cos  
sin 2 
=
1 − cos 
1 − cos 2 
=
1 − cos 
= 1 + cos θ

14
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

25. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2015 Paper 2 Q38

(sin x + cos x)2 = 3
sin2 x + 2sin x cos x + cos2x = 3
sin2 x + 2sin x cos x + cos2x = 3(sin2 x + cos2 x)
sin2 x – sin x cos x + cos2x = 0
For x  90° or 270°, dividing both sides by cos2 x,
tan2 x – tan x + 1 = 0
1 − 3
tan x = , which are not real roots.
2
When x = 90° or 270° , sin2 x – sin x cos x + cos2x = 1  0
 The equation has no real roots.

26. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2016 Paper 2 Q38

4cos 2  – cos  – 3 = 0
(4cos  + 3)(cos  – 1) = 0
3
cos  = − or cos  = 1
4
 0 <  < 360
   138.59 or 221.41
 The equation has 2 roots.

27. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2016 Paper 2 Q38

A
2 cos 2  + cos  − 3 = 0
(cos − 1)(2 cos + 3) = 0
3
cos  = 1 or − (rejected)
2
  = 0 (  0    360  )
 The equation has 1 solution for 0    360 .

Wrong Answer Feedback:

B
Wrongly think that cos  = 1 has only 2 solutions for 0    360 .
C
3
Wrongly think that cos  = − has 2 solutions for 0    360 .
2
D
Wrongly think that cos  = 1 has only 2 solution for 0    360 , and
3
wrongly think that cos  = − has 2 solutions for 0    360 .
2

15
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

28. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2018 Paper 2 Q38

5sin2 + 3sin − 2 = 0
(5sin − 2)(sin + 1) = 0
2
sin = or sin = −1
5
2
For sin = , there are 2 roots. For sin = −1, the root is  = 270.
5
∴ There are 3 roots.

Wrong Answer Feedback:

A
2
Wrongly think that sin = has only 1 root and sin = −1 has no root.
5
B
2
Wrongly think that sin = and sin = −1 each has one root.
5
D
Wrongly think that sin = −1 has two roots.

16
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

14C Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

MC Questions
Modified Exam Questions (HKCEE 2006 − HKDSE 2018)
1. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2007 Paper 2 Q46
Consider the point (300, −3).
When a = 3,
y = 3 cos ( x +  )
−3 = 3 cos (300  +  )
−1 = cos (300  +  )
 300 +  = 180
 = −120
When a = −3,
y = −3 cos ( x +  )
−3 = −3 cos (300  +  )
1 = cos ( − 60)
  − 60 = 0
 = 60
 The answer is B.

2. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2008 Paper 2 Q46

When x = 75, y = 6.
6 = h sin (150  − 60) + k

6 = h sin 90 + k

h + k = 6.......... .......... .......... .......... ..(1)

When x = −15, y = 0.
0 = h sin (−30 − 60) + k
0 = h sin (−90) + k
− h + k = 0.......... .......... .......... .........( 2)
Solving (1) and (2), we have h = 3 and k = 3.

3. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2008 Paper 2 Q47

3 − cos 
3 + cos 
6 − (3 + cos  )
=
3 + cos 
6
= −1
3 + cos 
−1  cos  1
2  3 + cos   4
6 6 6
 
2 3 + cos  4
6 1
2 −1 
3 + cos  2
3 − cos 
 The greatest value of is 2.
3 + cos 

17
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

4. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q46

From the graph, when x = 330, y = 0.
0 = 5 cos (330  +  )
0 = cos (330  +  )
0 = cos ( − 30 )
  − 30 = 90
 = 120

5. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2010 Paper 2 Q45

Substituting x = 45 and x = 135 into each of the given functions.
For A,
2+ 2
when x = 45, y = 1 + sin (45) = .
2
2+ 2
when x = 135, y = 1 + sin (135) = .
2
For B,
when x = 45, y = 1 + sin (90) = 2.
when x = 135, y = 1 + sin (270) = 0.
For C,
4+ 2
when x = 45, y = 2 + cos (45) = .
2
4− 2
when x = 135, y = 2 + cos (135) = .
2
For D,
when x = 45, y = 2 + cos (90) = 2.
when x = 135, y = 2 + cos (270) = 2.
 The answer is B.

6. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2011 Paper 2 Q46

Consider the point (210, −5).
When k = −5,
y = −5 sin ( x +  )
−5 = −5 sin (210  +  )
1 = sin (210  +  )
 210 +  = 90
 = −120
When k = 5,
y = 5 sin ( x +  )
−5 = 5 sin (210  +  )
−1 = sin (210  +  )
 210 +  = 270
 = 60
 The answer is A.

18
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

7. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE Sample Paper Paper 2 Q42

Consider the point (125, −2).
When h = 2,
y = 2 sin ( x +  )
− 2 = 2 sin (125  +  )
− 1 = sin (125  +  )
 125 +  = 270
 = 145
When h = −2,
y = −2 sin ( x +  )
− 2 = −2 sin (125  +  )
1 = sin (125  +  )
 125 +  = 90
 = −35
 The answer is D.

8. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE Practice Paper Paper 2 Q23

84
3 cos 2  + 4 cos 2 (90  −  )

84
=
3 cos 2  + 4 sin 2 
84
=
3 cos 2  + 3 sin 2  + sin 2 
84
=
3 + sin 2 
0  sin 2  1
3  3 + sin 2   4
1 1 1
 
3 3 + sin 2  4
84
28   21
3 + sin 2 
84
 The least value of is 21.
3 cos 2  + 4 cos 2 (90 −  )

9. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE Practice Paper Paper 2 Q38

Consider the point (120, 5).
When b = 5,
y = 5 cos ( x +  )
5 = 5 cos (120  +  )
1 = cos (120  +  )
 120 +  = 0
 = −120
When b = −5,
y = −5 cos ( x +  )
5 = −5 cos (120  +  )
− 1 = cos (120  +  )
 120 +  = 180
 = 60
 The answer is B.

19
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

10. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2012 Paper 2 Q39

Substituting x = 45 into each of the given functions.
For A,
when x = 45, y = 1 + 2sin (45) = 1+ 2 .
For B,
when x = 45, y = 1 + 2sin (90) = 3.
For C,
when x = 45, y = 3 + 2sin (45) = 3 + 2 .
For D,
when x = 45, y = 3 + 2sin (90) = 5.
 The answer is D.

11. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2013 Paper 2 Q39

For I,
from the graph, when x = 0, y = −3.
 0 
− 3 = a + b tan  
 2 
a = −3
 I is true.
For II,
x
from 0 to , − 3 + b tan increases from −3 to 0.
2
 b>0
 II is true.
For III,
a 3
note that = − , which is a negative value.
b b

From the graph, when x = ,
3

− 3  −3 + b tan 0
6

 tan 0
6
 III is not true.

12. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2015 Paper 2 Q39

Note that the period is 2(170° – 50°) = 240°.
360 3
 k= =
240 2
Substituting (50 , 0) into y = cos (kx° + θ),
 3(50) 
0 = cos  +
 2 
3(50)
 +  = 90°
2
θ = 15°

20
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

13. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2015 Paper 2 Q39

D
   
Let f ( x) = cos x and h( x) = cos( Ax +  ) = cos  A x +  .
  A 
Note that the x-intercepts of the graph of y = f (x) are 90 and 270.
From the figure, the x-intercepts of the graph of y = h(x) are −40 and 80.
80 − (−40) 2
 =
270 − 90 3
2
 A reduction of times the original along the x-axis is involved when
3
transforming form y = f (x) to y = h(x).
2 2
 − 40 = (90 ) − 100 and 80 = ( 270 ) − 100
3 3
 The graph of y = h(x) can be obtained by reducing the graph of y = f (x)
2
to times the original along the x-axis, then translating it to the left by 100
3
units.
Let g(x) be the function obtained by the reduction. Then
g (x) = f  3 x  = cos 3 x 
2  2 
3  3 
h( x) = g ( x + 100 ) = cos  ( x + 100 ) = cos x + 150  
2  2 
3
 A = ,  = 150
2

Wrong Answer Feedback:

A
Wrongly think that y = f (kx) , 0 < k < 1 means reducing to k times the original
along the x-axis, and wrongly think that y = f ( x − h) means translating to the
left by h units, and wrongly think that the value of translating units is θ.
B
Wrongly think that y = f (kx) , 0 < k < 1 means reducing to k times the original
along the x-axis, and wrongly think that y = f ( x − h) means translating to the
left by h units.
C
Wrongly think that the value of translating units is θ.

21
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

14. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2016 Paper 2 Q37

For A,
when x = 180 and p = –4,
R.H.S. = –4 sin (180 + 90) = 4
 A is correct.
For B,
when x = 180 and p = 4,
R.H.S. = 4 sin (180 + 90) = –4  4
 B is not correct.
For C,
when x = 270 and p = –4,
R.H.S. = –4 sin (270 + 90) = 0  4
 C is not correct.
For D,
when x = 270 and p = 4,
R.H.S. = 4 sin (270 + 90) = 0  4
 D is not correct.
Hence, A is the answer.

22
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

14D Two-dimensional Problems

Conventional Questions
Modified Exam Questions (HKCEE 2006 − HKDSE 2018)
1. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2008 Paper 1 Q4
BC
tan BAC = 1M
AB
10
tan BAC =
7
BAC = 55.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A
Thus, the bearing of C from A is S55.0W. 1A

Extra EYA or Section B Questions

2. In BST,
TS
= tan 44 
BS
TS
BS = 1M
tan 44 
In AST,
TS
= tan 35 
AS
TS
AS = 1M
tan 35 
AS – BS = AB
TS TS
− = 50 m 1M
tan 35  tan 44 
 1 1 
TS  −  = 50 m
 tan 35  tan 44 
TS  127.35 m 1A
< 130 m
 The claim is disagreed. 1A

3. Refer to the following figure.

P

40 60
E G
F
1.7 m

A 3m B Q

(a) In EGP,
GP
= tan GEP
EG
GP
EG = 1M
tan 40 

23
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

In FGP,
GP
= tan GFP
FG
GP
FG = 1M
tan 60 
EG − FG = 3 m
 1 1 
GP −  =3m 1M
 tan 40  tan 60 
GP  4.8828 m
 Height of the flagpole PQ
 (1.7 + 4.8828) m
= 6.58 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(b) Refer to the following figure.

P

60

D1mF 1mC G

When Tom moves 1 m further towards the flagpole, the angle of elevation is
GCP. 1M
Then when he moves 2 m away from the flagpole, the angle of elevation is
GDP.
GP 4.8828
FG =  m  2.8191 m
tan 60  tan 60 
CG  (2.8191 − 1) m = 1.8191 m
DG  (2.8191 + 1) m = 3.8191 m
In CGP,
GP
tan GCP = 1M
CG
4.8828

1.8191
GCP = 69.6 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
In DGP,
GP
tan GDP = 1M
DG
4.8828

3.8191
GCP = 52.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
When Tom moves 1 m further towards the flagpole, the angle of
elevation increases (from 60 to 69.6). 1A
Then when he moves 2 m away from the flagpole, the angle of elevation
decreases (from 69.6 to 52.0).

24
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

MC Questions
Modified Exam Questions (HKCEE 2006 − HKDSE 2018)
4. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2006 Paper 2 Q16
North

East

From the figure,

 = 56 (alt. s, // lines)
BAC = 180 − 56 − 20 (adj. s on st. line)
= 104
 AB = AC
 ABC = ACB (base s, isos. )
180  − 104 
 ABC = ( sum of )
2
= 38
 The bearing of C from B
= N(56 − 38)E
= N18E

5. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2007 Paper 2 Q15

From the figure,

x + 310 = 360 (s at a pt.)
x = 50
y=x (alt. s, // lines)
= 50
 The bearing of P from Q
= 180 − 50
= 130

6. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2007 Paper 2 Q23

In NOP,
ONP = 180 − 90 − 60 ( sum of )
= 30
ON
= tan 60 
OP
ON = 3 x

25
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

 PN is the angle bisector of MNO.

 MNP = ONP
= 30
In MON,
ON
= cos 60 
MN
MN = 2 3 x

7. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2007 Paper 2 Q47

By the sine formula,
x 8
=
sin 65 sin(180  − 65 − 75)
x = 11 (cor. to the nearest integer)

8. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2007 Paper 2 Q48

Note that BAD + BCD = 180.
42 + (6 2 ) 2 − (2 10 ) 2
Also note that cos BCD = .
2(4)(6 2 )
So, we have BCD = 45.
Thus, we have BAD = 135.

9. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2007 Paper 2 Q48

In ACD, by the cosine formula,
8 2 + 15 2 − 13 2
cos ADC =
2(8)(15)

1
cos ADC =
2
ADC = 60 
ABC + 60 = 180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
ABC = 120

10. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2008 Paper 2 Q22

In PQR,
PQ
= tan 45 
QR
PQ = QR
In PQS,
PQ
= tan 60
QS

PQ = 3QS
RS = QR − QS

= 3QS − QS

= ( 3 − 1)QS

QS : RS = QS : ( 3 − 1)QS
= 1 : ( 3 − 1)

26
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

11. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2008 Paper 2 Q48

Let T be a point on PQ such that ST // RQ.

QTS = QRS (opp. s of // gram)
= 140
PT = (145 − 70) cm = 75 cm
In PST,
PST = 140 − 65 (ext.  of )
= 75
By the sine formula,
PS 75 cm
=
sin (180  − 140 ) sin 75
PS = 50 cm (cor. to the nearest cm)

12. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2008 Paper 2 Q48

A
Let P be the point on AB such that PD // BC.
7 cm
D C
75

P 35
A 12 cm B

PB = 7 cm (opp. sides of // gram)

AP = AB − PB = 5 cm
PDC = 35 (opp. s of // gram)
ADP = ADC − PDC = 40
APD = 35 (corr. s, PD // BC)
In ADP, by the sine formula,
AD AP
=
sin APD sin ADP
5 sin 35 
 AD = cm
sin 40 
= 4.5 cm (cor. to the nearest 0.1 cm)

Wrong Answer Feedback:

B
5 sin 40 
Wrongly think that AD = cm .
sin 35
C
12 sin 35 
Wrongly think that AD = cm .
sin 75 
D
Wrongly give BC instead of AD as the answer.

27
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

13. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q16

From the figure,  = 30 (alt. s, // lines)

 The angle of elevation of B from A is 30.

14. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q22

Consider ADE.
AE
= sin 30 
AD
1
=
2
Note that ∆ADE ~ ∆ACD.
2
Area of ADE  AE  1
=  =
Area of ACD  AD  4
 Area of ∆ACD = 12 cm2
Area of the rectangle ABCD
= 2  Area of ∆ACD
= 2  12 cm2
= 24 cm2

15. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q23

Let U be a point on PQ such that SU ⊥ PQ.

Let V be a point on SU such that RV ⊥ SU.
RSV =  (alt. s, SU // TQ)
QR = UV
= SU − SV
= PS sin  − RS cos 

16. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2010 Paper 2 Q21

In PQS,
QS
= tan x
PS
In PRS,
PS
= sin y
PR
QS QS PS
= 
PR PS PR
= tan x sin y

28
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

17. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2010 Paper 2 Q47

PQ ⊥ RS (property of isos. )
Let PS = x. Then PR = 2x.
In PRS,
RS = PR 2 − PS 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= (2 x) 2 − x 2

= 3x
RS 3x
 RT = ST = =
2 2
In PST,
PT = PS 2 + ST 2 (Pyth. theorem)
2
 3x 
= x2 +  
 2 
 
7
= x
2
In PRT, by the cosine formula,
PR 2 + PT 2 − RT 2
cos  =
2( PR )(PT )
2 2
 7 x   3x 
(2 x) + 
2  − 
 2   2 
   
=
 7x 
2 ( 2 x ) 
 2 
 
5
=
2 7

5 7
=
14

18. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2011 Paper 2 Q15

North

East

As shown in the figure,

12
cos a =
24
a = 60
b=a (alt. s, // lines)
= 60
 The bearing of Q from P
=b
= 060

29
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

19. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2011 Paper 2 Q22

In PQS,
PS
= tan 70 
QS

PS = 7 tan 70  cm
In PRS,
PS
= cos 50 
PR
7 tan 70 
x= cm
cos 50 
= 29.9 cm (cor. to 1 d. p.)

20. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2011 Paper 2 Q47

By Heron’s formula,
11 + 13 + 2 x
s= m
2
= ( x + 12 ) m
 Area of PQR
= s ( s − 11)(s − 13)(s − 2 x) m 2

= ( x + 12)( x + 1)( x − 1)(12 − x) m 2

= ( x 2 − 1)(144 − x 2 ) m 2

21. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE Sample Paper Paper 2 Q24

In ACD,
CAD = 29 (base s, isos. )
ADC = 180 − 29 − 29 ( sum of )
= 122
By the sine formula,
AD 18 cm
=
sin 29  sin122 
18 sin 29 
AD = cm
sin 122 
In ABD,
ABD = 122 − 52 (ext.  of )
= 70
By the sine formula,
BD AD
=
sin 52  sin70 
18 sin 29  sin 52 
BD = cm
sin 122  sin 70 
= 9 cm (cor. to the nearest cm)

22. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE Sample Paper Paper 2 Q38

By the sine formula,
b a
=
sin(180  − 85  − 40 ) sin 40 
a sin 55 
b=
sin 40 

30
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

23. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE Practice Paper Paper 2 Q22

In ADE,
ADE = DAE (base s, isos. )
180  − 122 
ADE = ( sum of )
2
= 29
DCF + CDE = 180 (int. s, CF // DE)
DCF = 180 − (29 + 90)
= 61
BCF = 90 – 61
= 29
In BCF,
BF
= tan 29 
BC
BF = BC tan 29 
In ADF,
AF
= tan ADF
AD
AF = AD tan ADF
AF + BF = AB

AD tan ADF + BC tan 29 = AB

tan ADF + tan 29 = 1

ADF = 24 (cor. to the nearest degree)

24. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2013 Paper 2 Q20

North

East

From the figure,

AOB = 180 − 52 − 78 (adj. s on st. line)
= 50
 OA = OB
 OBA = OAB (base s, isos. )
180  − 50
 OBA = ( sum of )
2
= 65
a = 90 – 78
= 12
b = 90 – 65 – 12
= 13
 The bearing of A from B
=b
= N13E

31
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

25. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2017 Paper 2 Q22

In BCE,
BC = 4 cos 20 cm
BE = 4 sin 20 cm
AE = 9 − BE
= (9 − 4 sin 20) cm
In ADE,
AE
tan ADE =
AD
9 − 4 sin 20 
=
4 cos 20 
ADE = 64 (cor. to the nearest degree)

Wrong Answer Feedback:

A
AD
Wrongly think that tan ADE = .
AE

Wrongly think that AE = 9 cm.

D
9 − 4 cos 20 
Wrongly think that BC = 4 sin 20 cm and BE = 4 cos 20 cm and obtain tan ADE = .
4 sin 20 

26. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2017 Paper 2 Q38

BC = AD = 20 cm
BD = 20 + 21 cm
2 2

= 29 cm
Let DBC = .
BC 20
cos = =
BD 29
By the cosine formula,
CE2 = BE 2 + BC 2 − 2( BE )(BC ) cos
 20 
CE = 17 2 + 20 2 − 2(17 )(20)  cm
 29 
709
=3 cm
29

Wrong Answer Feedback:

A
Wrongly think that CE = DE and obtain CE = DE = (29 − 17) cm = 12 cm.
B
CD 21  21  5701
Wrongly think that cos  = = and obtain CE = 17 2 + 20 2 − 2(17 )(20)  cm = cm.
BD 29  29  29
D
Wrongly think that CE2 = BE 2 + BC 2 − ( BE )(BC ) cos .

32
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

14E Three-dimensional Problems

Conventional Questions
Modified Exam Questions (HKCEE 2006 − HKDSE 2018)
1. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2006 Paper 1 Q17
(a) By the cosine formula, we have
PQ 2 + PR 2 − QR 2
cos QPS = 1M
2( PQ )(PR )
80 2 + 100 2 − 50 2
cos QPS =
2(80)(100 )
139
cos QPS =
160
QPS  29.6863 
PS
= 80 cos QPS cm
 139 
= 80  cm
 160 
= 69.5 cm 1A

(b) (i) (1) RS

= PR − PS
= (100 − 69.5) cm
= 30.5 cm
By the sine formula, we have
RS PS
= 1M
sin RPS sin PRS
30 .5 69 .5
=
sin RPS sin 56 
RPS  21 .3351 
PSR
 180 − 21.3351 − 56
= 102.6649
By the sine formula, we have
PR PS
=
sin PRS sin PRS
PR 69 .5 cm

sin 102 .6649  sin 56 
PR  81 .7924 cm
= 81.8 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Thus, the required distance is 81.8 cm. 1A

(2) s
1
= ( PQ + QR + PR )
2
1
 (80 + 50 + 81 .7924 ) cm
2
= 105 .8962 cm
The area of PQR

33
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

= s(s − PQ)(s − QR)(s − PR) 1M

 105 .8962 (105 .8962 − 80)(105 .8962 − 50)(105 .8962 − 81.7924 ) cm 2

 1922 .1714 cm 2
= 1920 cm2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(3) The area of PRS

1
= ( RS )( PR ) sin PRS 1M
2
1
 (30.5)(81.7924 ) sin 56 cm 2
2
 1034 .0868 cm 2
QS
= PQ sin QPS
 80 sin 29.6863 cm
 39.6201 cm

Let T be the projection of S on the horizontal plane.

Then, the height of the tetrahedron PQRS is ST.
ST QS
(area of PQR) = (area of PRS) 1M
3 3
1 1
(ST)(1922.1714)  (39.6201)(1034.0868)
3 3
ST = 21.3 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Thus, the required height is 21.3 cm. 1A

(ii) The volume of the tetrahedron PQRS

( PS )( RS )(QS ) sin PSR
= 1M
6
So, the volume of the tetrahedron varies directly as sin PSR.
When PSR increases from 40 to 90, the volume of the
tetrahedron PQRS increases.
1A
When PSR increases from 90 to 120, the volume of the
tetrahedron PQRS decreases.

2. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2007 Paper 1 Q16

AB + BC + AC  8 + 7 + 13 
(a) Note that =  cm = 14 cm.
2  2 
The required area
= 14(14 − 8)(14 − 7)(14 −13) cm2 1M
= 14 3 cm2 1A

The required volume

 1 
= (14 3 )(15) + (14 3 )(21 − 15) cm3 1M
 3 
= 238 3 cm3 1A

34
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

(b) DF
= (21− 15)2 + 132 cm 1M
= 205 cm
EF
= (21− 15)2 + 82 cm
= 10 cm
In DEF, by the cosine formula,
DE 2 + DF 2 − EF 2
cos EDF = 1M
2( DE )(DF )
49 + 205 − 100
cos EDF =
2(7)( 205 )
EDF  39.8009 
= 39.8  (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

The shortest distance from F to DE

= DF sin EDF 1M
 205 sin 39.8009  cm
 9.1651 cm
= 9.17 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(c) The area of DEF

1
= ( DE )( DF sin EDF ) 1M
2
1
 (7)(9.1651) cm2
2
 32.0779 cm2
Area of the circular sheet
= (3.3)2 cm2
 34.2119 cm2
> 32.0779 cm2
So, the area of the triangle DEF is less than the area of the circular sheet.
Thus, the given circular sheet cannot be fixed in that way. 1A

3. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2008 Paper 1 Q15

(a) In ADT,
DAT = 40, ATD = 65 – 40 = 25 and
ADT = 180 – 40 – 25 = 115
By the sine formula, we have
AT AD
= 1M
sin ADT sin ATD
360 sin 115 
AT = m
sin 25 
 772.0225 m
= 772 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(b) (i) In ABT, by the cosine formula,

AB 2 + AT 2 − BT 2
cos BAT = 1M
2( AB )( AT )
800 2 + 772 .0225 2 − 720 2
cos BAT 
2(800 )(772 .0225 )
 54.4821 
= 54.5  (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

35
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

(ii) Let D be a point on AB such that DT ⊥ AB and CD ⊥ AB.

The required angle is CDT. 1A
DT = AT sin BAT 1M
 772.0225 sin 54.4821 m
 628.3754 m
CT = AT sin CAT 1M
 772.0225 sin 40 m
 496.2465 m
CT
sin CDT = 1M
DT
496 .2465

628 .3754
CDT  52.1602
= 52.2  (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(iii) Since DT is the line of the greatest slope of the plane ABT, 1M
the greatest angle of depression of a point on AB from T is
52.2.
Thus, it is impossible for Paul to find a point P on AB such that the
angle of depression of P from T is 60. 1M

4. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2009 Paper 1 Q17

(a) (i) In BDE, by the cosine formula,
DE 2 = BD 2 + BE 2 − 2( BD)(BE ) cos DBE 1M
DE = 18 + 10 − 2(18)(10) cos 43 cm
2 2

 12.6772 cm
= 12.7 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Thus, the length of DE is 12.7 cm. 1A

(ii) In BCD, by the sine formula,

sin BCD sin CBD
= 1M
BD CD
sin BCD sin 43
=
18 17
BCD  46.2295
= 46.2  (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(iii) Area of BCD

1
= ( BD )(CD ) sin BDC 1M
2
1
 (18)(17 ) sin(180  − 46.2295  − 43) cm2
2
 152.9862 cm2
= 153 cm2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

36
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

(iv) AD
= CD 2 − AC 2 1M
= 17 − 15 cm
2 2

= 8 cm
AB
= BD 2 − AD 2
= 18 2 − 8 2 cm
= 260 cm
In BCD, by the cosine formula,
BC 2 = BD 2 + CD 2 − 2( BD)(CD ) cos BDC
BC  18 2 + 17 2 − 2(18)(17) cos(180  − 46.2295  − 43) cm
 24.9245 cm
AB + BC + AC
Let s = .
2
The area of ABC
= s(s − AB)(s − BC )(s − AC )
 116.0391 cm2
Let h cm be the shortest distance from A to the horizontal
ground.
h 1
(Area of BCD) = (Area of ABC)(AD) 1M
3 3
(116 .0391)(8)
h
152 .9862
 6.0680
= 6.07 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A
Thus, the required distance is 6.07 cm.

(b) AE
= DE 2 − AD 2

 12 .6772 2 − 8 2 cm

 9.8342 cm
Let t cm be the perpendicular distance from A to DE.
t ( DE ) ( AE )( AD )
Then, we have = . 1M
2 2
( AE )( AD )
Therefore, we have t = .
DE
The perpendicular distance from A to DE
( AE )( AD )
=
DE
(9.8342 )(8)

12.6772
= 6.21 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
So, the perpendicular distance from A to DE and the shortest distance
from A to the horizontal ground are different.
Thus, the claim is disagreed. 1A

37
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

5. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2010 Paper 1 Q15

(a) In PQS, by the sine formula,
PQ PS
= 1M
sin PSQ sin PQS
27 sin( 180  − 20  − 42 )
PQ = cm
sin 42 
 35.6277 cm
= 35.6 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(b) (i) In PQR, by the cosine formula,

PR 2 = PQ 2 + QR 2 − 2( PQ)(QR) cos PQR 1M
PR  (35.6277 ) + (35.6277 ) − 2(35.6277 )(35.6277 ) cos 78 cm
2 2

 44.8425 cm
= 44.8 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(ii) Let T be the foot of perpendicular from P to QS.

PT
sin PQS = 1M
PQ
PT  35.6277 sin 42 cm
The angle between the plane PQS and the plane QRS is
PTR. 1M
PR
PTR
sin = 2 1M
2 PT
22.4213

35.6277 sin 42
PTR  140.2738
= 140  (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

PAR PR
(iii) Note that sin = and PR is a constant.
2 2 AP
The length of AP is the shortest when A is at T. 1M
Note also that the length of AP varies inversely as
PAR
sin . 1M
2
Thus, PAR increases from PQR (78) to PTR (140) and then
decreases to PSR (112). 1A

6. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2011 Paper 1 Q17

(a) (i) In PQR, by the cosine formula,
QR 2 = PQ 2 + PR 2 − 2( PQ)(PR) cos QPR 1M
QR = (45) + (65) − 2(45)(65) cos18 cm
2 2

 26.1977 cm
= 26.2 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Thus, the length of QR is 26.2 cm. 1A

38
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

(ii) In PQR, by the sine formula,

sin PRQ sin QPR
= 1M
PQ QR
sin PRQ sin 18 

45 26.1977
PRQ  32 .0596 
= 32.1  (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(iii) Let x cm be the perpendicular distance from P to QR.

x
= PR sin PRQ 1M
 65 sin 32.0596 cm
 34.5021 cm
The required distance
 (34.5021 − 12) cm
= 22.5021 cm
= 22.5 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Thus, the perpendicular distance from P to ST is 22.5 cm. 1A

(iv) Note that PST ~ PQR.

ST x − 12
= 1M
QR x
( 26 .1977 )(34 .5021 − 12 )
ST = cm
34 .5021
 17.0860 cm
= 17.1 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Thus, the length of ST is 17.1 cm. 1A
(b) (i) Let  be the angle between the paper card PST and the horizontal ground.
The perpendicular distance from A to ST
cos  = 1M
x − 12
(2)(160)
 17.0860
22.5021
  33.6630
= 33.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Thus, the angle between the paper card PST and the horizontal ground is
33.7. 1A
AP
(ii) sin  =
x − 12
AP = 12.5 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The shortest distance from P to the horizontal ground
is 12.5 cm. 1A
7. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE Sample Paper Paper 1 Q18
(a) In PQR, by the sine formula,
QR 30 cm
= 1M
sin 60  sin 45 
QR = 15 6 cm 1A

RS
= 15 6 cos 45 cm
= 15 3 cm 1A

39
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

(b) (i) Note that the required angle is PSR. 1A

Also note that PS = 30 cos 60 cm = 15 cm.
In PRS, by the cosine formula,
15 2 + (15 3 ) 2 − 26 2
cos PSR = 1M
2(15)(15 3 )
PSR  73.2981
= 73.3  (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(ii) Note that QS = RS = 15 3 cm.

Also note that QSR = 90.
Volume of the tetrahedron PQRS
11 
=  ( PS )(RS ) sin PSR (QS ) 1M
3 2 
11 
=  (15)(15 3 ) sin PSR (15 3 ) cm3
3 2 
3375 sin PSR
= cm3
2
So, the volume of the tetrahedron varies directly as sin PSR.
When PSR increases from 50 to 90, the volume of the
tetrahedron PQRS increases.
1A
When PSR increases from 90 to 150, the volume of the
tetrahedron PQRS decreases.

8. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE Practice Paper Paper 1 Q18

(a) In VPR, by the cosine formula,
VP2 = VR 2 + PR 2 − 2(VR)(PR) cos VRP 1M
VP = (30) 2 + (36) 2 − 2(30)(36) cos60 cm
= 6 31 cm 1A

(b) In VPR, by the sine formula,

sin  VPR sin  VRP
= 1M
VR VP
sin  VPR sin 60
=
30 6 31
VPR  51.0517
Let A be the foot of the perpendicular from R to VP.
AR
sin VPR = 1M
PR
AR  36 sin 51.0517 cm
27.9977 cm
Since VPR  VPQ, the required angle is QAR. 1M
1
QR
QAR
sin = 2
2 AR
QAR
sin  0.3929
2
QAR  46.2688
= 46.3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A
Thus, the angle between the plane VPQ and the plane VPR is 46.3.

(c) Let A be the foot of the perpendicular from R to VP.

40
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

1
QR
QDR 2
Note that sin = .
2 DR
Since DR  AR , we have QDR  QAR . 1M
Thus, QDR increases as D moves from P to A and decreases
as D moves from A to V. 1A

9. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2012 Paper 1 Q18

(a) In MPQ, by the sine formula,
MP PQ
= 1M
sin MQP sin PMQ
MP 36 cm
=
sin 50  sin(180  − 75 − 50)
MP  33.6660 cm
= 33.7 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Thus, the length of MP is 33.7 cm. 1A

(b) (i) Let A be the foot of the perpendicular from M to PS.

AM
= MP sin MPS 1M
 33.6660 sin 75 cm
 32.5189 cm
AP
= MP cos MPS
 33.6660 cos 75 cm
 8.7134 cm
In MPQ, by the sine formula,
MQ PQ
=
sin MPQ sin PMQ
MQ 36 cm
=
sin 75  sin(180  − 75 − 50)
MQ  42.4504 cm
Let B be the foot of the perpendicular from M to QR.
BM 2 = MQ 2 − AP 2

BM  (42.4504 ) 2 − (8.7134 ) 2 cm
 41.5465 cm
Note that  = ABM. 1M
In ABM, by the cosine formula,
AB 2 + BM 2 − AM 2
cos  = 1M
2( AB )(BM )
(36) 2 + (41.5465 ) 2 − (32.5189 ) 2
cos  =
2(36)(41.5465 )
  48.9459
= 48 .9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(ii) Let H be the projection of M on the base PQRS.

Then, we have  = HQM. 1M
Note that MQ > MB.

41
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

sin 
HM
=
MB
HM
>
MQ
= sin HQM
= sin 
Since  and  are acute angles,  is greater than 
The claim is agreed. 1A
10. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2013 Paper 1 Q18
(a) (i) Note that PQR = 90.
40
tan QPS =
42
QPS  43.6028
QPS = 43.6  (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(ii) In PQS, by the sine formula,

PS PQ
= 1M
sin PQS sin PSQ
PS 42 cm

sin(180  − 80 − 43.6028 ) sin 80 
PS  35.5212 cm
= 35.5 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(b) (i) In PRS, by the cosine formula,

PR2 = PS 2 + RS 2 − 2( PS )(RS ) cos PRS 1M
PR  (35.5212) + (58− 35.5212) − 2(35.5212
2 2
)(58− 35.5212)cos110 cm
 48.0962 cm
= 48.1 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(ii) PT
= PS cos QPS 1M
 35.5212 cos 43.6028 cm
 25.7223 cm
In PQR, by the cosine formula,
PR 2 + PQ 2 − RQ 2
cos QPR =
2( PR )( PQ )
( 48 .0962 ) 2 + 42 2 − 40 2

2( 48 .0962 )(42 )
QPR  52 .1811 
In PRT, by the cosine formula,
RT2 = PR 2 + PT 2 − 2( PR)(PT ) cos RPT
RT  (48.0962) 2 + (25.7223) 2 − 2(48.0962)(25.7223) cos52.1811 cm
 38.1802 cm
By the sine formula,
sin  PTR sin RPT
=
PR RT
sin  PTR sin 52 .1811 

48 .0962 38 .1802
PTR  84.3350 or 95.6650

42
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

So, PTR is not a right angle. 1M

Hence, RTS is not the angle between the plane PQS and the plane PQR.
Thus, the claim is disagreed. 1A

11. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2014 Paper 1 Q17

(a) In ABC, by the sine formula,
sin BAC sin ABC
= 1M
BC AC
sin BAC sin 80 
=
10 15
BAC  41.0364
ACB  180 − 80 − 41.0364
= 58.9636
= 59.0  (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(b) In BCP, by the cosine formula,

BP 2 = BC 2 + CP 2 − 2( BC )(CP ) cos BCP 1M
2
 15   15 
BP  (10) 2 +   − 2(10)  cos 58.9636  cm
 2  2
 8.8833 cm
CD
PQ = 1M
2
= 4 cm
Note that BP = BQ.
BP + BQ + PQ
Let s = .
2
8.8833 + 8.8833 + 4
s cm
2
= 10.8833 cm
By Heron’s formula,
area of BPQ
= s(s − BP)(s − BQ)(s − PQ)
 10.8833(10.8833 − 8.8833)(10.8833 − 8.8833)(10.8833 − 4) cm2
1M + 1A
 17.3105 cm2
< 20 cm2
Thus, the claim is agreed . 1A

12. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2015 Paper 1 Q19

(a) Area of ΔABB
1
= (30)2 sin BAB cm2 1M
2
= 450 sin BAB cm2
 sin BAB decreases when BAB increases from 110° to 170°.
 The area of ΔABB decreases when BAB increases
from 110° to 170°. 1A
(b) Let M be the mid-point of DC.
Note that AM is perpendicular to BB.
180  − 140 
(i) ABB = ( sum of )
2
= 20°

43
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

40
DAM =
2
= 20°
AM
sin ABB = 1M
AB
AM = 30 sin 20°cm
AM
cos DAM = 1M
AD
30 sin 20 
AD = cm
cos 20 
= 10.9 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

BB2 = AB2 + AB2 – 2(AB)(AB)cos BAB 1M

BB = 30 + 30 − 2(30)(30) cos140 cm
2 2

 56.381 557 25 cm
= 56.4 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(ii) In Figure (a),

DM
tan DAM =
AM
DM = 30 sin 20° tan 20° cm
BD
= BM − DM
 56.381 557 25 
 − 30 sin 20 tan 20  cm
 2 
 24.456 224 07 cm
In Figure (b),
BM = BD 2 − DM 2 (Pyth. theorem) 1M
 24.169 402 11 cm
By the cosine formula,
AB 2 + AM 2 − BM 2
cos BAM = 1M
2( AB )( AM )
BAM  46.839 822 22°
Height of ABCD
= AB sin BAM 1M
 21.883 326 94 cm
Area of ΔACD
1
= AD2 sin 40° 1M
2
 38.318 786 48 cm2
Volume of ABCD
1
 (21.883 326 94)(38.318 786 48) cm3 1M
3
= 280 cm3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

13. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2016 Paper 1 Q19

(a) In WXY, by the sine formula,
WY WX
= 1M
sin WXY sin WYX
13 20
=
sin WXY sin 83 
WXY  40.177 298 or 139.822 702 (rejected)

44
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

XWY = 180 − WYX − WXY ( sum of )

 180 − 83 − 40.177 298
= 56.822 702
= 56.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A
In WXZ, by the cosine formula,
XZ2 = WX2 + WZ2 − 2(WX)(WZ)cos XWZ 1M
XZ = 20 + 12 − 2(20)(12) cos47 cm
2 2

 14.718 722 cm
= 14.7 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A
(b) WZ2 + YZ2 = (122 + 52) cm2 = 169 cm2
WY2 = 132 cm2 = 169 cm2
 WZ2 + YZ2 = WY2
 WZY = 90 (converse of Pyth. theorem)
In WXY, by the cosine formula,
XY2 = WX2 + WY2 − 2(WX)(WY)cos XWY
XY  202 + 132 − 2(20)(13) cos56.822702 cm

 16.865 336 cm
In XYZ, by the cosine formula,
XZ 2 + YZ 2 − XY 2
cos XZY =
2( XZ )(YZ )
14.718 722 2 + 5 2 − 16.865 336 2

2(14.718 722 )(5)
XZY  106.904 530
 XZY is not a right angle. 1M
 Z is not the projection of Y on the base WXZ.
Hence, YZ is not the height of WXYZ with respect to the base WXZ.
 The claim is disagreed. 1A

14. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2017 Paper 1 Q19

(a) By the sine formula, we have
AO AB
= 1M
sin ABO sin AOB
40 26
=
sin ABO sin 37 
40 sin 37 
sin ABO =
26
ABO  112.200 200 (  ABO is an obtuse angle.)
= 112  (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A
AR AP
(b) (i) Since APR  BQR, we have = . 1M
BR BQ
AR 12
=
BR 3
AB + BR = 4BR
1
BR = AB
3
26
= cm 1A
3
(or = 8.67 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.))

45
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

(ii) Note that OAB  180 − 37 − 112.200 200  30.7998.

 26  104
AR = AB + BR =  + 26  cm = cm
 3  3
The area of AOR
1
= ( AO )( AR ) sin OAR 1M
2
1  104 
 (40)  sin 30.7998  cm2
2  3 
 355.014 308 cm2
= 355cm2 (cor. to 3 sig.fig.) 1A

(iii) By the cosine formula, we have

OR2 = AO 2 + AR 2 − 2( AO)( AR) cos OAR 1M
2

OR  (40 )2 +  104   104 

− 2(40 )  cos 30.7998  cm
 3   3 
 20.483 913 cm
Let M be the foot of perpendicular from A to OR.
1
Note that the area of AOR = ( AM )(OR ) .
2
2(355.014 308)
AM  cm 1M
20.483 913
 34.662 743 cm
Since PM is perpendicular to OR, the inclination of the thin
metal sheet AOB to the horizontal ground is AMP. 1M
AP
sin AMP = 1M
AM
12

34.662 743
AMP  20.254 640
= 20.3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Thus, the required inclination is 20.3. 1A

(iv) The area of POR

1
= ( PM )(OR )
2
1
= (OR )( AM cos AMP )
2
= (The area of AOR)  cos AMP 1M

 The area of AOR

 355 cm2

 360 cm2
Thus, the claim is agreed. 1A

46
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

15. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2018 Paper 1 Q17

(a) By sine formula, we have
RS PS
= 1M
sin  RPS sin  PRS
RS 30 cm
=
sin 25  sin(180  − 25 − 110 )
30sin 25
RS = cm
sin 45
 17.93017432 cm
= 17.9 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(b) (i) Note that PQ = RS since the base angles of the trapezium are equal.
By sine formula, we have
PQ QR
=
sin PRQ sin QPR
17.93017432 cm QR

sin 25 sin 85 
QR  42.26496158 cm
By cosine formula, we have
QR 2 + RS 2 − QS 2
cos QRS = 1M
2(QR )( RS )
42.2649615 8 2 + 17.9301743 2 2 − 35 2
cos QRS 
2(42.2649615 8)(17.9301743 2)
QRS  54.37528778
= 54 .4 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(ii) In Figure (a), let M be the foot of the perpendicular from S to PR,
and SM produced meets QR at N.
Note that the required angle is SMN in Figure (b). 1M
P S

Q R
N
Figure (a)

P
M
R

S
Q
Figure (b)

SM = RS sin PRS 1M
 [(17.93017432) sin 45] cm
 12.67854785 cm
MN = RM tan MRN
 [(RS cos PRS) tan 25] cm
 [(17.93017432) cos 45 tan 25] cm
 5.912103958 cm

47
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

MN
RN =
sin 25 
5.912103958 cm

sin 25 
 13.98922974 cm
By cosine formula,
SN2 = RS2 + RN2 − 2(RS)(RN) cosQRS
SN2  224.9867697
SN  14.99955898 cm
By cosine formula, we have
SM 2 + MN 2 − SN 2
cos SMN =
2( SM )(MN )
(12.67854785 ) 2 + (5.912103958 ) 2 − (14.99955898 ) 2
cos SMN 
2(12.67854785 )(5.912103958 )
SMN  101.2661691
SMN = 101 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A
∴ The required angle is 101.

Extra EYA or Section B Questions

16. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2016 Paper 1 Q19
(a) In ABC, by the sine formula,
sin ACB sin ABC
= 1M
AB AC
sin ACB sin 30 
=
80 95
ACB  24.9011 or 155.0989 (rejected)
= 24 .9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

In ABC, by the cosine formula,

BC2 = AB2 + AC2 − 2(AB)(AC)cos BAC 1M
BC  80 + 95 − 2(80)(95) cos(180 − 30 − 24.9011) m
2 2

 155.4504 m
In BCD, by the cosine formula,
BD2 = BC2 + CD2 − 2(BC)(CD)cos BCD
BD  155.45042 + 762 − 2(155.4504)(76) cos35 m
 102.8860 m
= 103 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(b) AD2 + CD2

= (572 + 762) m2
= 9025 m2
= AC2
 AD2 + CD2 = AC2
 ADC = 90 (converse of Pyth. theorem)
AD2 + BD2
 (572 + 102.88602) m2
= 13 834.529 m2
AB2 = 6400 m2
 AD2 + BD2  AB2

48
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

So, ADB is not a right angle. 1M

Hence the angle between AC and the horizontal ground BCD is not ACD.
 The claim is disagreed. 1A

17. (a) Let M be the mid-point of EG.

Then  = AMF. 1M
In EFH,
FH = EF 2 + EH 2 (Pyth. Theorem) 1M
2FM = 4 + 4 cm
2 2

FM = 2 2 cm
In AFM,
AF
tan  = 1M
FM
12
=
2 2
 = 76.7 (cor. to the nearest 0.1) 1A
 The required angle is 76.7.

(b) By (a), h = 2 2 tan  .

Volume of the cuboid
= 42h cm3
= 32 2 tan cm3 1M
Note that the volume varies directly as tan .
When θ increases from 45 to 75, the volume of the cuboid ABCDEFGH
increases (from 32 2 cm3 to 169 cm3). 1A

18. Let E be a point on VB such that AE ⊥ VB.

(a) In VAB, by the cosine formula,
AB 2 + VB 2 − VA 2
cos VBA = 1M
2( AB )(VB )
12 2 + 10 2 − 10 2
=
2(12 )(10 )
3
=
5
In ABE,
AE
= sin VBA 1M
AB
2
3
AE = 12 1 −   cm
5
= 9.6 cm
In ABC,
AC = AB 2 + BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 12 + 12 cm
2 2

= 12 2 cm

49
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

Since VAB  VBC, the required angle is AEC. 1M

1
AC
AEC
sin = 2
2 AE
5 2
=
8
AEC = 124 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A
Thus, the angle between the plane VAB and the plane VBC is 124.

1
AC
APC 2
(b) Note that sin = and AC is a constant.
2 AP
Since AP  AE, we have APC  AEC. 1M
 APC increases as P moves from V to E and decreases as P moves from
E to B. 1A

19. (a) Let F be a point on BE such that AB // DF.

Then DF = AB = 9 m and BF = AD = 3 m.
CF = BC − BF = (11 − 3) m = 8 m
In CDF, by the cosine formula,
CD 2 + CF 2 − DF 2
cos DCF = 1M
2(CD )(CF )
10 2 + 82 − 9 2
=
2(10)(8)
DCF  58.7516
In CDE,
DE
= sin DCE
CD
DE  10 sin 58.7516 m
= 8.55 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

In DD'E,
DE
= tan DD'E 1M
D E
10 sin 58.7516 
D'E  m
tan 30
 14.8078 m
= 14.8 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(b) Perpendicular distance from D' to BC

= D'E sin CED' 
Area of the shadow
( AD + BC ) DE sin CE D
= 1M
2
(3 + 11)  14.8078 sin 35 2
 m
2
= 59.5 m2 1A

( AD + BC ) DE sin CE D

(c) Area of the shadow =
2
If 55 < x < 90, CED' will be smaller. 1M
Since A'D', BC and D'E remain unchanged and sin CED' is smaller, the area
of the shadow will be smaller than the area obtained in (b). 1A

50
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

20. (a) In APQ,

PQ
= tan PAQ 1M
AQ
h
AQ = m 1A
tan 40 

In BPQ,
PQ
= tan PBQ
BQ
h
BQ = m 1A
tan 70 

(b) AQB = 250 − 130 = 120

In ABQ, by the cosine formula,
AQ2 + BQ2 − 2(AQ)(BQ)cos AQB = AB2 1M
2 2
 h   h   h  h 
  +  − 2   cos 120  = 1352
 tan 40   tan 70   tan 40  tan 70 
 1  2  1  2 1  2
  +  +  h = 1352
 tan 40    tan 70   tan 40   tan 70  
 h  95.7829 or −95.7829 (rejected)
= 95 .8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(c) Let C be a point on AB such that CQ ⊥ AB.

 CP ⊥ AB and CQ ⊥ AB
 CP is the line of greatest slope of the plane ABP and PCQ is the
inclination of CP. 1M
Consider the area of ABQ.
( AB )(CQ ) 1
= ( AQ )( BQ ) sin AQB 1M
2 2
 95 .7829  95 .7829 
   sin 120 
 tan 40   tan 70  
CQ  m
135
 25.5285 m
In CPQ,
PQ
tan PCQ = 1M
CQ
95 .7829

25 .5285
PCQ = 75.1(cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A
  increases as he moves from A to C and decreases as he moves from C
to B. 1A

51
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

21. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2014 Paper 1 Q17

(a) In ABP, by the sine formula,
AB PA
= 1M
sin  APB sin  ABP
16 sin 100 
sin APB =
20
 0.787 846 202
 APB  51.984 768 886 or 128.015 311 1 (rejected)
 PAB  180 − 100  − 51.984 768 886  ( sum of )
 28.015 311 14
= 28.0  (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(b) In ABM, by the cosine formula,

BM 2 = AB 2 + AM 2 − 2( AB)( AM ) cos PAB 1M
2
 20   20 
 BM  16 2 +   − 2(16)  cos 28.015 311 14 cm
 2   2 
 8.573 034 85 cm
AD
MN = = 6 cm (mid-pt. theorem) 1M
2
Note that CN = BM.
The height of the trapezium BCNM
2
BC − MN 
= BM 2 −   cm (Pyth. theorem) 1M
 2 
2
 12 − 6 
 8.573 034 85 2 −   cm
 2 
 8.030 997 855 cm
The area of the trapezium BCNM
1 
  (12 + 6)(8.030 997 855)  cm 2 1M
2 
 72.278 980 69 cm2
 70 cm2
 The claim is agreed. 1A

22. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2015 Paper 1 Q19

(a) (i) In ABD, by the cosine formula,
BD2 = AB 2 + AD 2 − 2( AB)( AD) cos BAD 1M
BD = 30 + 18 − 2(30)(18) cos50 cm
2 2

= 1224 − 1080 cos 50 cm

= 23.0 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The distance between B and D is 23.0 cm. 1A

(ii) In ABD, by the cosine formula,

AB 2 + BD 2 − AD 2
cos ABD = 1M
2( AB )( BD )
30 2 + 1224 − 1080 cos 50 − 182
=
2(30) 1224 − 1080 cos 50
ABD  36.803 051 34
= 36 .8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

52
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

(iii) The area of the paper card

 1  1 
= 2 (30)(18) sin 50  + BD 2 sin BDC  cm2 1M
 2  2 
 1 
=  540 sin 50 + BD 2 sin BDC  cm2
 2 
1
Note that 540 sin 50 is a constant and BD 2 sin BDC varies as
2
sin BDC . 1M
The area is the greatest when BDC = 90 .
DBC = DCB (base s, isos. )
BDC = 180  − 2DBC ( sum of )
BDC = 180 − 2(ABC − ABD)
 55  ABC  105 
 180 − 2(105 − 36.803 051 34)  BDC  180 − 2(55 − 36.803 051 34)
43.606 102 68  BDC  143. 606 102 7
 BDC can be 90.
1
When BDC = 90, ABC = (180  − 90 ) + ABD = ABD + 45  .
2
Let  = ABD + 45  81.803 051 34 .
 When ABC increases from 55 to θ, the area of the paper card
increases. When ABC increases from θ to 105, the area of the
paper card decreases. 1A

(b) DBC = 85 − ABD

 48.196 948 66
BC = 2BD cos DBC 1M
 30.685 188 69 cm
Let M be the mid-point of BC.
DM = BD 2 − BM 2 (Pyth. theorem)
 17.157 918 88 cm
AM = AB 2 − BM 2 (Pyth. theorem)
 25.779 930 16 cm
By the cosine formula,
AM 2 + DM 2 − AD 2
cos AMD = 1M
2( AM )(DM )
AMD  44.127 778 88
The height of pyramid ABCD
= AM sin AMD 1M
 17.9496 cm
The area of BCD
1
= ( BC )( DM ) 1M
2
 263.246 989 2 cm2
The volume of pyramid ABCD
1
= (Area of BCD )(Height of pyramid ABCD ) 1M
3
= 1580 cm3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

53
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

23. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2016 Paper 1 Q19

(a) In ABD, by the sine formula,
BD AD
= 1M
sin BAD sin ABD
10 sin 70 
sin BAD =
13
 0.722 840 477
BAD  46.289 496 23 or 133.710 503 8 (rejected)
= 46.3  (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

In BCD, by the cosine formula,

BC 2 = BD 2 + CD 2 − 2( BD)(CD ) cos BDC 1M
 BC = 102 + 122 − 2(10)(12) cos60 cm
= 124 cm
= 11.1 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) 1A

(b)  AD2 = 132 cm2 = 169 cm2

AC2 + CD2 = (52 + 122) cm2 = 169 cm2
 ACD = 90 (converse of Pyth. theorem)
In ABD,
ADB  180  − 70 − 46.289 496 23 ( sum of )
 63.710 503 77
By the cosine formula,
AB 2 = AD 2 + BD 2 − 2( AD)(BD) cos ADB
 AB  132 + 102 − 2(13)(10) cos63.71050377 cm
 12.403 395 62 cm
In ABC, by the cosine formula,
AC 2 + BC 2 − AB 2
cos ACB =
2( AC )( BC )
5 2 + 124 − 12.403 395 62 2

2(5)( 124 )
 −0.043 502 406
 ACB  92.493 291 12
 ACB is not a right angle. 1M
Hence C is not the projection of A on the face BCD.
 The angle between AD and the face BCD is not ADC.
 The claim is disagreed. 1A

MC Questions
Modified Exam Questions (HKCEE 2006 − HKDSE 2018)
24. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2006 Paper 2 Q24
(The solution is skipped.)

25. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2006 Paper 2 Q45

54
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

Let P be the mid-point of CD as shown in the figure.

Note that AP ⊥ CD and BP ⊥ CD.
In ACP,
AP = AC 2 − CP 2
2
2
= 2 2 −   cm
2
= 3 cm
Similarly, BP = 3 cm .
In ABP, by the cosine formula,
AB 2 + BP 2 − AP 2
cos ABP =
2( AB )(PB )

( 2) 2 + ( 3 ) 2 − ( 3 ) 2
=
2( 2)( 3 )

1
=
3

Let O be a point on BP such that OA ⊥ BP as shown in the figure.

Note that OA is the height of the regular tetrahedron ABCD.
( 3 ) 2 − 12 2
Also note that sin OBA = = .
3 3
In OAB,
OA
= sin OBA
AB
OA 2
=
2 cm 3
2 2
OA = cm
3
Area of BCD
1
= ( BC )( BD ) sin CBD
2
1
= ( 2)(2) sin 60  cm 2
2
= 3 cm2
The required volume
1 2 2 
= ( 3 )  cm 3
3  3 
 
2 2
= cm 3
3

26. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2007 Paper 2 Q24

(The solution is skipped.)

55
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

27. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2008 Paper 2 Q49

Note that CF = DE and AE = BF.
Let AE = x cm.
EP = AE 2 + AP 2 = x 2 + 25 cm
FQ = BF 2 + BQ2 = x 2 + 16 cm
 EP > FQ > AE = BF
 tan r  tan q  tan s = tan p
 p, q, r and s are acute angles.
 rqs= p

28. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q47

Let M be the mid-point of EF.
Note that MYX = .
 BF 
MX =  
 2 
18
= cm
2
= 9 cm
2 2
 EF   FG 
MY =   + 
 2   2 
2 2
 14   12 
=   +   cm
 2  2

= 85 cm
XY = MX 2 + MY 2

= 81 + 85 cm

= 166 cm
XM
sin  =
XY
9
=
166

29. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2010 Paper 2 Q28

(The solution is skipped.)

30. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2010 Paper 2 Q48

Let x be the side length of the cube.
2
 EF 
GQ = FG 2 +  
 2 

x2
= x2 +
4

5
= x
4
Let R be the mid-point of EH.
Note that GR = GQ.

56
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

GP = PR 2 + GR 2

5 2
= x2 + x
4
3
= x
2
QR = EQ 2 + ER 2
2 2
x x
=   + 
2 2
x
=
2
PQ = PR 2 + QR 2

x2
= x2 +
2
3
= x
2
In GPQ, by the cosine formula,
PQ 2 + GQ 2 − GP 2
cos  =
2( PQ )(GP )
3 5 9
+ −
= 2 4 4
 3  5 
2 
 2  4 
 
1
=
30

31. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2011 Paper 2 Q24

(The solution is skipped.)

32. Public Exam Reference: HKCEE 2011 Paper 2 Q50

GH
tan b =
CH
CH
tan c =
EH
EH
tan a =
GH
EH CH
= 
CH GH
1
=
tan b tan c

57
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

33. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE Sample Paper Paper 2 Q40

Let P be a point on FH such that BP is perpendicular to FH.
Then BPG = .
Consider the area of FGH.
( FH )(GP) ( FG )(GH )
=
2 2
(12)(16)
GP = cm
20
48
= cm
5
BG
tan  =
GP
30
=
48
5
25
=
8

34. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE Practice Paper Paper 2 Q39

Note that CF = DE and AE = BF.
Let AS = 3x, BT = 2x and AE = y.
ES = AE2 + AS 2 = y 2 + 9 x 2
FT = BF 2 + BT 2 = y 2 + 4x 2
 ES > FT > AE = BF
 tan r  tan s  tan q = tan p
 p, q, r and s are acute angles.
 rsq= p

35. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2012 Paper 2 Q40

Let x be the side length of the right pyramid.
Let E be a point of VC such that BE ⊥ VC.
VC x
Note that CE = = .
2 2
In BEC,
BE = BC 2 − CE 2
2
x
= x2 − 
2

3
= x
4
3
By symmetry, DE ⊥ VC and DE = x.
4
In BCD,
BD = BC 2 + CD 2

= x2 + x2

= 2x

58
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

In BDE, by the cosine formula,

BE 2 + DE 2 − BD 2
cos BED =
2( BE )( DE )

3 3
+ −2
= 4 4
 3  3 
2  
 4  4 
  
1
=−
3
 109 .4712 
= 109 (cor. to the nearest degree)
 The required angle is 109.

36. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2013 Paper 2 Q40

Let x cm be the side of the tetrahedron.
1 2 3
x sin 60  =
2 2
x2 = 2
x = 2 or − 2 (rejected)

Let P be the mid-point of CD as shown in the figure.

Note that AP ⊥ CD and BP ⊥ CD.
Consider the area of BCD.
(CD )(BP ) 3
=
2 2
3
BP = cm
2
3
Similarly, AP = cm .
2
In ABP, by the cosine formula,
AB 2 + BP 2 − AP 2
cos ABP =
2( AB )(PB )
2 2
 3  3
( 2)2 +   − 
 2  2
   
=
 3
2( 2 ) 
 2
 
1
=
3

59
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

Let O be a point on BP such that OA ⊥ BP as shown in the figure.

Note that OA is the height of the regular tetrahedron ABCD.
( 3 ) 2 − 12 2
Also note that sin OBA = = .
3 3
In OAB,
OA
= sin OBA
AB
OA 2
=
2 cm 3
2
OA = cm
3
The required volume
1  3  2 
=  cm 3
3  2  3 
1
= cm 3
3

37. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2013 Paper 2 Q40

C
Let ABCD be a regular tetrahedron with side length l cm.
Let P be the point on BC such that AP ⊥ BC.
A

C
P

B D
3
AP = (l sin 60 ) cm = l cm
2
By symmetry, DP = AP.
By the cosine formula,
AP 2 + DP 2 − AD 2
cos APD =
2( AP )( DP )
2 2
 3   3 
 l + l −l2
 2   2 
=    
 3  3 
2 l  l
 2  2 
  
1
=
3

60
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

2
1 2 2
sin APD = 1 − cos APD = 1 −   =
2

 3 3
 AP sin APD = 6 cm
 3  2 2 
  l  =6
 2  3 
  
l =3 6
 The length of a side is 3 6 cm.

Wrong Answer Feedback:

A
Wrongly think that the height and the side length of a regular tetrahedron are equal.
B
Wrongly think that ADP = 60.
Hence l sin 60 = 6 .
D
Wrongly think that APD = 60.
Hence (l sin 60) sin 60 = 6 .

38. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2014 Paper 2 Q40

Let C be a point of AB such that CQ ⊥ AB.
In ABQ,
AB 2 = AQ 2 + BQ 2

AB = 24 2 + 10 2 m

= 26 m
Consider the area of ABQ.
(CQ )( AB ) ( AQ )( BQ )
=
2 2
( 24 )(10 )
CQ = m
26
120
= m
13
Note that PCQ = .
PQ
tan  =
CQ

20
=
 120 
 
 13 
13
=
6

61
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

39. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2014 Paper 2 Q40

C
Let d m be the perpendicular distance from B to AC.
AC = 92 + 122 m = 15 m (Pyth. theorem)
1 1
Considering the area of ABC, we have ( AC )(d m) = ( AB )( BC ) .
2 2
(12)(9) 36
 d= =
15 5
15 25
tan  = =
d 12

Wrong Answer Feedback:

A
Wrongly think that θ = VAB.
B
Wrongly think that θ = VCB.
D
Wrongly think that tan  = tan VAB + tan VCB .

40. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2016 Paper 2 Q39

In EGH,
EG = 24 2 + 18 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
= 30 cm
EG
GP = EP = = 15 cm
2
In GPQ,
PQ = 20 2 + 15 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
= 25 cm
In BDQ,
DQ = 30 2 + 16 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
= 34 cm
Area of GPQ + Area of DEP + Area of DPQ = Area of trapezium DEGQ
20  15 15  36 25  34  sin DQP ( 20 + 36 )  30
+ + =
2 2 2 2
84
sin DPQ =
85

41. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2017 Paper 2 Q39

AD
tan ABD =
BD
AD
BD =
tan ABD
20
= m
tan 25 
AD
tan ACD =
CD
AD
CD =
tan ACD
20
= m
tan 30 

62
All-in-one Exam Pack Chapter 14 Solution and Marking Scheme

The required angle is BDC.

BD 2 + CD 2 − BC 2
cos BDC =
2( BD )(CD )
2 2
 20   20 
  +  − 14
2

 tan 25    tan 30  
=
 20  20 
2  
 tan 25   tan 30  
BDC = 17 (cor. to the nearest degree)

Wrong Answer Feedback:

B
AD 20 AD 20
Wrongly think that BD = = m and CD = = m.
cos ABD cos 25  cos ACD cos 30 
C
Wrongly think that the angle between the plane ABD and the plane ACD is BAC.
D
Wrongly think that BD = AD tan ABD = 20 tan 25  m and
CD = AD tan ACD = 20 tan 30  m.

42. Public Exam Reference: HKDSE 2018 Paper 2 Q41

Note that  = UPR.
RU
1 
=  (18) cm
2 
= 9 cm
RP
= 24 + 32 cm
2 2
(Pyth. theorem)
= 40 cm
UP
= 40 + 9 cm
2 2
(Pyth. theorem)
= 41 cm
sin 
RU
=
UP
9
=
41

Wrong Answer Feedback:

B
QU
Wrongly think that QU = 18 2 + 24 2 cm and wrongly think that sin = .
PU
C
Wrongly think that  is the angle between PU and the plane MNOP.
D
Wrongly take the value of cos as the answer.

63